dnvgl-ru-uwt-pt5ch6 manned submersibles - rules and …

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DNV GL AS

RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION

Underwater technologyEdition December 2015

Part 5 Types of UWT systems

Chapter 6 Manned submersibles

FOREWORD

DNV GL rules for classification contain procedural and technical requirements related to obtainingand retaining a class certificate. The rules represent all requirements adopted by the Society asbasis for classification.

© DNV GL AS December 2015

Any comments may be sent by e-mail to [email protected]

If any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of DNV GL, then DNV GL shallpay compensation to such person for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to tentimes the fee charged for the service in question, provided that the maximum compensation shall never exceed USD 2 million.

In this provision "DNV GL" shall mean DNV GL AS, its direct and indirect owners as well as all its affiliates, subsidiaries, directors, officers,employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of DNV GL.

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Rules for classification: Underwater technology — DNVGL-RU-UWT-Pt5Ch6. Edition December 2015 Manned submersibles

DNV GL AS

CURRENT – CHANGES

This is a new document.

The rules enter into force 1 July 2016.

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CONTENTS

Current – changes...................................................................................................... 3

Section 1 General....................................................................................................... 61 Introduction............................................................................................6

Section 2 Principles for construction of manned submersibles...................................71 General principles...................................................................................72 Relation to other codes and standards................................................... 83 Definitions.............................................................................................. 84 Certification requirements.................................................................... 105 Documentation requirements................................................................116 Initial Tests and Trials..........................................................................19

Section 3 Equipment................................................................................................ 251 External equipment.............................................................................. 252 Internal equipment and facilities..........................................................25

Section 4 Machinery Systems...................................................................................261 Compressed air systems.......................................................................26

Section 5 Electrical Equipment................................................................................. 271 General................................................................................................. 272 Power supply........................................................................................273 Power distribution................................................................................ 284 Interior lighting.................................................................................... 31

Section 6 Controls and communication.................................................................... 321 General................................................................................................. 322 Navigation and manoeuvring................................................................ 323 Sensors and actuators.......................................................................... 344 Data transfer system............................................................................ 345 Communication equipment................................................................... 346 Emergency communications equipment................................................35

Section 7 Life support systems................................................................................ 361 General................................................................................................. 362 Monitoring Equipment...........................................................................363 Emergency Thermal and Frigidity Protection........................................ 37

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4 Pressure Equalization........................................................................... 375 Waste Disposal..................................................................................... 37

Section 8 Rescue systems........................................................................................ 381 Scope.................................................................................................... 382 Life saving appliances on the surface...................................................383 Personal life saving appliances.............................................................394 Emergency gas/air supply.................................................................... 395 Automatic blowing................................................................................396 Jettisoning of solid ballast....................................................................397 Detachment of umbilicals and lifting cables..........................................398 Detachable rescue vessels (optional)................................................... 409 Marker buoy......................................................................................... 4010 Mating flange (optional)..................................................................... 4111 Emergency instructions...................................................................... 41

Section 9 Additional requirements for tourist services.............................................421 General................................................................................................. 422 Stability and buoyancy......................................................................... 433 Surfacing in emergency........................................................................ 434 Equipment.............................................................................................445 Life support systems............................................................................ 46

Section 10 Additional requirements for rescue submersibles including rescuevehicles.................................................................................................................47

1 General................................................................................................. 47

Section 11 Launch and recovery system (LARS)...................................................... 481 Introduction..........................................................................................482 Design Principles.................................................................................. 513 Strength................................................................................................534 Equipment.............................................................................................54

Section 12 Supporting systems aboard the support vessel.......................................561 Introduction..........................................................................................562 Systems for control.............................................................................. 593 Electric supply...................................................................................... 604 Hydraulic supply................................................................................... 615 Breathing air supply............................................................................. 616 Mating Equipment.................................................................................62

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SECTION 1 GENERAL

1 Introduction

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 These rules are valid for the construction of manned submersibles which shall be classified by theSociety, including their mating, control and monitoring systems.As submersibles shall be understood:Manned underwater vehicles for autonomous, non-autonomous or independent service , including theirmating and supply systems for life support.Furthermore ambient pressure submersibles are covered by these rules, as far as applicable.On agreement, further requirements for ambient pressure hulls will be considered based upon thesubmersible’s operational profile.

1.1.2 Autonomous submersiblesFor the purpose of these rules, submersibles, which require a relevant support vessel during the mission butare not physically connected to it (e.g., by an umbilical), are regarded as autonomous submersibles.

1.1.3 Non-autonomous submersiblesFor the purpose of these Rules, submersibles, which are during the mission always physically connected tothe relevant support vessel (e.g., by an umbilical), are regarded as non-autonomous submersibles.

1.1.4 Independent submersiblesFor the purpose of these Rules, submersibles, which are able to operate offshore without support vessel, areregarded as independent submersibles.

1.1.5 Ambient pressure submersiblesFor the purpose of these Rules, submersibles, which are designed for wet and dry service with the personnelcompartment at ambient pressure, are regarded as ambient pressure submersibles.For further definitions, see Sec.2 [3].

1.2 ApplicationThe requirements in this chapter shall be regarded as supplementary to those given in Pt.2, Pt.3 and Pt.4.

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SECTION 2 PRINCIPLES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF MANNEDSUBMERSIBLES

1 General principles

1.1 Wherever expedient and feasible, submersibles shall be designed and constructed in such a way that failureof any single component cannot give rise to a dangerous situation.

1.2 Submersibles and their components shall be designed to meet the service conditions stated in thespecification.

1.3 The pressure hull shall be designed and build according to Pt.3.

1.4 Compression and diving chambers in submersibles shall be built and equipped in accordance with Ch.1.

1.5 Submersibles with a diver's lockout shall be designed and constructed to ensure a safe transport and a safeexit and entry of the divers under pressure.

1.6 Submersibles which have a diver’s lock-out or a diving chamber shall be equipped - depending on theirconcept of operation - with the possibility of the connection to a decompression chamber on board thesupport vessel.

1.7 Submersibles shall be designed and constructed in such a way that the operator has an adequate forwardview when submerged. The possibility of an all-round vision when navigating on the surface shall be given.

Guidance note:This can be obtained either by suitable windows or optical instruments.

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1.8 Submersibles shall be designed and built to ensure safe operation and facilitate proper maintenance and thenecessary surveys.

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2 Relation to other codes and standardsNational codes and regulations concerning remotely operated vehicles have to be observed in addition to theSocieties Rules.

2.1 MSC/Circ. 981Guidelines for the design, construction and operation of passenger submersible craft according to IMO MSC/Circ. 981 of 29 January 2001.

2.2 COLREG 1972Convention on the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972.

3 Definitions

3.1 Main dimensions and main parametersAll dimensions are related to permanently installed equipment, devices or tools in retracted position.

Table 1 Main dimensions and main parameters

Terms Definitions

Co-ordinate system

In relation to the submersible a fixed, right-handed co-ordinate system x, y, zaccording to Figure 1 is introduced. The origin of the system is defined by the aftperpendicular, the centre line and the basis line of the submersible. The x-axispoints in longitudinal direction of the submersible positive forward, the y-axispositive to port and the z-axis positive upwards. Angular motions are consideredpositive in a clockwise direction about the three axes.

Aft perpendicular AP

The aft perpendicular AP is vertical to the x-axis through the intersection of rearedge of the stern boss with mid of propeller for vehicles with central shaft, forvehicles with several shafts and special propulsion arrangements to be defined caseby case.

Forward perpendicular FP The forward perpendicular FP is vertical to the x-axis through the intersection withforeside of the stem, for special arrangements to be defined case by case.

Length between the perpendicularsLPP The length LPP is the distance between AP and FP measured parallel to the x-axis.

Length over all LOAThe length LOA is the length between the most forward and most aft point of thesubmersible including fixed installed components of equipment, measured parallel tothe x-axis [m].

Total breadth B The total breadth B is the maximum breadth of the submersible including all fixedinstalled parts of equipment, measured parallel to the y-axis [m].

Radius of the pressure hull RmThe radius of the pressure hull Rm is the radius of the cylinder or the sphere relatedto the middle of the wall thickness.

Total height HThe total height H is the total height from baseline to upper edge of the vehicleincluding all permanently installed parts of equipment, measured parallel to the z-axis [m].

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Terms Definitions

Hatch height HHatchThe hatch height H is the total height from baseline to upper edge of the lowesthatch, measured parallel to the z-axis [m].

Deck height HDeckThe deck height H is the total height from baseline to deck/step area, measuredparallel to the z-axis [m].

Draught T The draught T in surfaced condition is the maximum vertical distance between thebaseline and the water surface [m].

Freeboard HHatch - T

Displacement The displacement of the surfaced submersible ready for surfaced operation is Δ↑, thedisplacement of the completely dived submersible is Δ↓ [t].

Payload NL

The maximum additional load NL for devices, equipment, materials, which are notnecessary for the direct operation of the submersible, but are serving for work tobe performed, investigation of the sea and scientific research [kg]. This includes thepassengers according to Pt.3 Ch.9. The crew is not part of the payload.

Diving depthsAll diving depths are related to thelower edge of the pressure hull.

-

Nominal diving depth NDD The nominal diving depth NDD is the diving depth for the unrestricted operation ofthe submersible [m].

Test diving depth TDDThe test diving depth TDD is the diving depth which is related to an externaloverpressure, to which the submersible is subjected to test conditions aftercompletion or after essential repairs [m].

Collapse diving depth CDDThe collapse diving depth CDD is the ultimate diving depth where a collapse of thepressure hull shall be expected [m]. This depth is decisive for the design of thesubmersible.

Velocities

Velocity v0↑The velocity v0↑ is the maximum operational speed of the surfaced submersible [kn]at a number of revolutions of the propeller according to the maximum continuouspropulsion power surfaced (MCR = maximum continuous rating).

Velocity v0↓The velocity v0↓ is the maximum operational speed of the dived submersible [kn]at a number of revolutions of the propeller according to the maximum continuouspropulsion power dived (MCR).

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Figure 1 Fixed co-ordinate system and main dimensions

4 Certification requirementsProducts shall be certified as required by Table 2.

Table 2 Certification requirements

Object Certificate type Issued by Certification standard* Additional description

Manufacturer AoM Society e.g. ISO 9001

Umbilical VL Society For unique specimen typetesting scope applies.

Pressure hull VL Society

Structure/frame(load-bearing) VL Society

Structure/frame(non load-bearing) MC Society

Piping system

VLMC

SocietyManufacturer

> DN 50≤ DN 50

Pressure vessel VL Society

Hose line MC Manufacturer

Electrical componentand cable MC Manufacturer

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Object Certificate type Issued by Certification standard* Additional description

Electrical penetration VL Society For unique specimen typetesting scope applies.

Pressure supply PC Classificationsociety

Syntactic foam VL Society

Control andautomation

Navigation andmonitoring

MC Manufacturer Diving Pressure, suitability forapplication on seagoing ships

Working device MC/VL Manufacturer/Society Depending on type

H2-Monitoring TA Society

*Unless otherwise specified the certification standard is the rules.

For general certification requirements, see SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4.For a definition of the certification types, see Pt.1 Ch.1 Sec.4 and SHIP Pt.3 Ch.5.

5 Documentation requirements

5.1 General requirements

5.1.1 Before the start of manufacture, documentation of the total system and drawings of all componentssubject to compulsory inspection, wherever applicable and to the extent specified below, shall be submittedin triplicate respectively in case of electronic transmission as single issue.

5.1.2 The documentation shall contain all the data necessary to check the design and loading of the system.Wherever necessary, calculations relating to components and descriptions of the system shall be submitted.

5.1.3 Once the documents submitted have been approved by the Society, they become binding for theexecution. Any subsequent modifications require the Society's consent before they are implemented.

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5.2 Documentation requirementsDocumentation shall be submitted as required by Table 3

Table 3 Documentation requirements

Object Documentation type Additional description Info

Z050 Design philosophy FI

Z060 Functional description

Including essential design data, like:

— nominal diving depth— maximum operating time and maximum

survival time— maximum range of a mission (radius)— maximum number of persons in pressure

hull— divers' compression chamber— diving procedure— operating limits for launching and recovery

(seaway)— other operating limits in relation to

environmental conditions (e.g. operatingtemperatures, fresh/salt water orgeographical or current conditions)

— speed above or below water level as well asmaximum towing speed

— type of drive and manoeuvring equipment— type and extent of working devices and

equipment— type of fixing system— weight of vehicle, pay load and ballast,

displacement (submerged)— concept of operations statement (CONOPS),

see Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.1

AP

Z010 General arrangementplan AP

M010 Material specification,metals BOM for all drawings in one list? AP

M030 Material specification,non-metallic materials BOM for all drawings in one list? AP

H130 Fabricationspecification Drawings? FI

Z120 Test procedure atmanufacturer AP

Z140 Test procedurefor quay and sea trial

AP

Manned submersible

P010 Flow diagram AP

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Z071 Failure mode andeffect analysis See Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.5 AP

M040 Coating specification Corrosion protection plan AP

Z160 Operation manual

Including in detail the steps necessary fornormal operation as well as for emergencyoperation in a clear and conceptual form andin the necessary sequence (e.g. as checklist).In addition the measures for the loading ofthe operating systems (e.g. batteries, gases)– mostly with external installations – shallbe defined. In addition the planned lifetimeand the permissible load and mission cyclesof components of the equipment (e.g., acrylicwindows, batteries, etc.) shall be definedherein.

AP

Z180 Maintenance manual Including all procedures for the preventivemaintenance. AP

Z290 RecordIncluding documentation of all conditionsrelevant for operation (diving depth, missiontime, damages, etc.).

FI

Z120 Test procedure atmanufacturer FI

Z140 Test procedure forquay and sea trial FI

B040 Stability analysis

Including:

— results of the stability investigations for theintact and damaged submersible, as wellin submerged as surfaced condition and ifapplicable also in intermediate conditions

— permissible ice load— presentation of the stability behaviour of

the submersible— measures for maintaining sufficient stability— Attachments like pickers with load

AP

B150 Damage control plan AP

Stability

B220 Freeboard calculation AP

Z030 Arrangement plan

Including all essential particulars and detailsnecessary for appraising the safety of theequipment and including the specificationsfor materials, manufacture and testing.The drawings shall show all the internaland external fixtures of the pressure hull(e.g. strengthening ribs, machine bedplates,mountings, etc.).

APPressure hull

H050 Structural drawing AP

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Z090 Equipment List AP

Pressure hull equipmentZ100 Specification

Including, component drawings of the pressurehull equipment, like e.g.:

— entry and exit hatches— windows, window flanges and counter

flanges— pressure tight bulkheads including doors— block flanges— pressure hull wall penetrations and their

arrangement— diver's lockout, if existing

AP

Pressure hull space Z030 Arrangement plan Including drawings and descriptions of thespace allocation and internal arrangements. FI

Z030 Arrangement plan

Plans and sectional drawings of the vehicleenvelope and supporting structure includingdetails of such pressure hull fixtures as mainballast tanks, gas tanks, buoyancy elements,stabilizing fins, rudder, disengaging gear,umbilical connection, keel runners, anti-ramming device, streamlining elements,manipulators, instrument mountings, anchoringequipment, masts and venting pipes, etc.

APExostructure

H050 Structural drawing AP

S010 Piping diagram

Including details for arrangement of mainballast, compensating and trimming tanks andof the ballast system with mathematical proofof the submarine's static diving capability.

AP

S090 Specification of piping,valves, flanges, fittings AP

Main ballast, compensating,trimming and ballast system

S130 Filling and dischargetime calculation AP

Control and monitoringsystem

I020 Control systemfunctional description

Including:

— Description of the control systems fordepth, trim and positive and negativebuoyancy as well as of the safety devices toprevent the nominal diving depth NDD frombeing exceeded, including the necessarypiping diagrams and component drawings.This includes drawings of:

— compressed air system for blowing mainballast tanks

— ballast systems— solid buoyancy elements and their

mountings— weights and gear capable of being

jettisoned and their means of release

AP

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I200 Control and monitoringsystem documentation AP

Pressure containment C030 Detailed drawing

Including drawings and calculations of thepressure vessels and apparatus with allessential particulars and details necessaryfor appraising the safety of the equipmentand including the specifications for materials,manufacture and testing.

AP

S010 Schematic pipingdiagram

Including details of:

— materials— maximum allowable working pressure— allowable working temperature— dimensions (diameter, wall thickness)— media carried— type of valves and connections used and

their operational parameter— type of hose lines

AP

S041 Pneumatic controldiagram AP

S042 Hydraulic controldiagram AP

Piping systems

S050 Connections to theshell and to the sea chests AP

Pump Z100 SpecificationIncluding description of pumps and theirdrives together with all important design andoperating data.

FI

Compressor Z100 SpecificationIncluding description of compressor anddrive together with all important design andoperating data.

AP

Umbilical Z100 Specification If applicable, including description of thedesign of the umbilical and its single elements. AP

Components filled withliquids Z100 Specification Including definition of the type of liquid (e.g.

oil, water, etc.). FI

Propulsion and steeringarrangements

C020 Assembly orarrangement drawing

Including descriptions of the equipment suchas gears, couplings, shafting, propellers andrudders with details of:

— mode of operation and control of thesystems

— power consumption (type and quantity)— method of power transmission to propulsion

units— seals of pressure hull wall penetrations— operating range and response time of

rudders

AP

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Positioning keeping N060 Manoeuvring booklet The type and control of the positioning systemshall be explained. AP

Underwater working device Z030 Arrangement planFor extension elements and working devicesthe effects on the total submersible systemshall be defined.

AP

Underwater working device/fixing system Z060 Functional description

Plans and descriptions including:

— type and control of the fixing system— size of holding power— behaviour at energy failure— type of release system

AP

E220 Electrical systemphilosophy

Including a general arrangement drawingcontaining at least the following information:

— voltage rating of the systems— power or current ratings of electrical

consumers— switchgear and safety devices (e.g.

overcurrent relay) with indicating settingsfor short-circuit and overload protection;fuses with details of current ratings

— cable types and cross-sections

AP

Electric system

E040 Electrical powerconsumption balance AP

Electric power system,generalShouldn’t this be asubchapter to “ElectricSystem”

E230 Power supplyarrangement AP

SwitchgearE050 Single line diagrams/consumer lists forswitchboards

AP

Electric motor E140 Assembly schedulesand technical data

Including complete documentation for electricmotor drives with details of control, measuringand monitoring systems.

AP

Z030 Arrangement plan AP

E010 – Overall single linediagram AP

E040 – Electrical loadbalance AP

E230 – Power supplyarrangement

Installation drawings including battery types,chargers and battery room ventilation. AP

Battery

E120 – Electrical data sheet,general AP

Cable penetrations E110 Cable data sheet anddesign drawing

Including details of electrical penetrationsthrough pressure hull walls. AP

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Lighting E190 Lighting description Including arrangement of emergency lightfittings. AP

E200 Short circuitcalculations

Including calculation of short-circuit conditionswith details of circuit-breakers, powerprotection switches and fuses fitted to main,emergency and distribution switchboardsindicating their current ratings and breakingcapacity.

AP

Electric system

E090 Table of Ex-installationFor the operation in explosive endangeredareas the required explosion classes shall beproven.

AP

Umbilical E110 Cable data sheet anddesign drawing

Including electrical design and connection tosubmersible.

I090 Schematic descriptionof input and output circuits Including layout of the control stand. AP


Including description of the control andoperating elements for the submersible and itsequipment.

AP

I030 Block (topology)diagram AP

N060 Manoeuvring bookletDescription of the nautical and divinginstrumentation, including speed and positionindicators.

AP

I110 List of controlled andmonitored points

Including description of the safety and alarmsystems. AP

I200 Control and monitoringsystem documentation

Including arrangement drawings/blockdiagrams of monitoring systems with lists ofmeasuring points.

AP

I070 Instrument andequipment list

Including documentation for electroniccomponents such as instrument amplifiers,computers and peripheral units.

AP

Z090 Equipment listIncluding general diagrams and equipment listsfor the data transfer systems and signallingequipment.

AP

T010 Functional description Including general diagram and description ofthe video system. AP

Control and monitoringsystem

N040 Nautical workstationarrangement plan

positioning equipment: Including descriptions,general diagrams and equipment lists. AP

Life support arrangementsS013 Ducting andinstrumentation diagram

Including piping diagrams and descriptions ofthe systems and equipment used for breathinggas supply, circulation, purification andconditioning of the atmosphere in the pressurehull, including the monitoring equipment, forboth normal and emergency operation.

AP

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P010 Flow diagram AP

S130 Procedures andarrangements manual AP

S030 Capacity analysis

Including mathematical proof of the adequatecapacity of the breathing gas supply and airrenewal systems under normal and emergencyconditions.

AP

Z060 Functional descriptionIncluding description of the facilities forsupplying water, food and medicines and fordisposal of waste.

FI

S120 Heat BalanceCalculation FI

G040 Fire control plan

Including description of preventive fireand explosion protection measures for thesubmersibles which shall be used in or fromexplosion endangered areas.

AP

G060 Structural fireprotection drawing AP

M100 Material declaration Including details of the nature and quantity ofcombustible materials. AP

G200 Fixed fireextinguishing systemdocumentation

Including drawings and descriptions of:

— fire detectors— fire extinguishers— fire alarms

AP

G010 Risk analysis Analysis of the dangers arising from possibleoutbreaks of fire. AP

Fire and explosion protection

G080 Hazardous areaclassification drawing

If submersibles are used in explosionendangered areas, a description of themeasures for explosion protection shall bepresented.

AP

G170 Safety philosophy FI

Rescue system G160 Life-savingarrangement plan

Drawings and descriptions of the systems andequipment for evacuating the submarine crew,passengers and divers.

AP

C010 Design criteria Description of system including details ofoperating conditions. AP

Z030 Arrangement plan Including data concerning connectingconditions. AP

C020 Assembly orarrangement drawing Design drawings of the mating system. AP

Mating system


Including control diagram and description ofsafety devices. AP

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Diver’s lock out Z060 Functional description AP

AP = For approval; FI = For informationACO = As carried out; L = Local handling; R = On request; TA = Covered by type approval; VS = Vessel specific

For general requirements for documentation, including definition of the info codes, see SHIP Pt.3 Ch.2.For a full definition of the documentation types, see SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3.

6 Initial Tests and Trials

6.1 General

6.1.1 Manned submersibles are subject to constructional and acceptance testing at the manufacturer’sworks. As a minimum requirement, this shall include verification of compliance with the approved documents,inspection of workmanship, verification of materials and checking of dimensional tolerances. All the testsprescribed in the following shall be performed and documented, wherever applicable. About the presence ofsurveyors at these tests and trials the Society will decide in each individual case.

6.1.2 For series-manufactured parts, test procedures other than those prescribed may be agreed with theSociety provided that they are recognized as equivalent or better by the Society.

6.1.3 The Society reserves the right to extend the scope of the tests and to subject parts to test for whichtesting is not expressly prescribed in the rules.

6.1.4 Parts subject to approval shall be replaced with tested parts. The same applies to spare parts.

6.1.5 Where submersibles are equipped with a diver's lockout, the components and equipment concernedshall also be subjected to the tests prescribed in Ch.1.

6.1.6 A summary of the test pressures, as well as of the design and layout pressures is contained in Pt.3Ch.2 Sec.4.

6.2 Total systemOn completion, the submersible shall be subjected to a functional and acceptance test in accordance with thetrial program approved by the Society. This shall include at least the following individual tests:

— inspection of assembly (where not already performed during supervision of manufacture)— measurement of weight and buoyancy and checking of stability under normal and emergency conditions— inspection of internal equipment, partition bulkheads with doors, floors and ladders— testing of all safety devices— functional testing of diving and trimming equipment— functional testing of mechanical, electrical and optical equipment— functional test of the working devices related to the effects on the submersible— statical diving test under controlled conditions— heeling test submerged and surfaced— trimming test submerged and surfaced— testing of emergency release equipment— trial trip on surface with verification of buoyancy— trial trip submerged

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— testing of mating system— functional testing of life support systems— verification of the accuracy of all essential instrument readings— high voltage test and insulation test on the electrical equipment.

The tests of the total system under water shall be performed with diving depths up to nominal diving depth(NDD), see Pt.3 Ch.2 Sec.1

6.3 Pressure hull

6.3.1 On completion of the machining work and any necessary heat treatment, pressure hulls shall besubjected to a hydraulic external pressure test. This test may be performed either on the raw hull in acompression chamber or as part of a submersion test carried out on the completed submersible. The testpressure shall be determined in accordance with Pt.3 Ch.2 Sec.1 [1.5.2].Pressure hull compartments (tanks) in which an internal overpressure may occur shall be subjected to ahydraulic internal pressure test at 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure.After the pressure tests, the pressure hull shall be examined for leaks, permanent deformations and cracks.

6.3.2 Pressure hull penetrations (e.g., closing appliances, hatch covers) shall be tested for tightness with adifference in pressure to the ambient pressure of:

— – 0.2 bar (underpressure) and in addition— + 0.3 bar (overpressure).

6.3.3 All pressure hull windows shall be subjected to a hydraulic pressure test. The test may be performedafter installation together with the pressure hull or individually in a testing device. The test pressure shall bedetermined in accordance with Pt.3 Ch.2 Sec.1. The test pressure shall be 1.5 times the design pressure ofthe window.After the pressure test, windows shall not exhibit scratches, cracks or permanent deformation.

6.3.4 At the pressure test of the submersible the tightness of pressure-tight hatch covers shall be verifiedwith test diving pressure (TDP).

6.3.5 Doors in pressure-tight bulkheads areto be tested at the manufacturer’s works with test divingpressure (TDP), if not possible otherwise. In installed condition a tightness test with a pressure difference of– 0.2 bar (underpressure) to the ambient pressure at the outside shall be performed.

6.3.6 For pressure-tight bulkheads a tightness test with a pressure difference of 0.2 bar (underpressure)shall be performed.

6.4 Exostructure

6.4.1 A check shall be carried out on the arrangement, mounting and fastening of such equipment items as:

— stairways— gratings— handrails— bitts— masts— navigating lights— towing devices— draught marks.

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6.4.2 External structural components such as anchoring equipment, rudders, etc. shall be subjected to afunctional test.

6.4.3 The lifting points at the submersible shall be tested statically with 2.2 times the safe working load(SWL) (= weight and payload NL of the submersible)

6.4.4 The fixing point of the umbilical at the submersible shall be tested statically with 2.2 times themaximum permissible tension load of the umbilical.

6.5 Main ballast, compensating and trimming tanks, as well as ballastsystems

6.5.1 Lockable main ballast tanks shall be subjected to a tightness test using air at a test pressure of about0.2 barg. For open main ballast tanks a tightness test of the ventilation valves shall be performed.

6.5.2 Compensating tanks, which vary their filling level by compressed air, shall be subjected to a hydraulicpressure test at 1.5 times the maximum allowable operating pressure, but at least at test diving pressure(TDP).

6.5.3 Trimming tanks, which are internally in the pressure hull and which change their filling level by pumpsshall be considered as gravity tanks. If the filling level is varied by compressed air, they shall be subjected toan internal hydraulic pressure test with 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure.Trimming tanks, which are arranged outside the pressure hull in the exostructure and which are varyingtheir filling level by pumps shall be subjected to a test at external test diving pressure (TDP). For the caseof varying the filling level with compressed air, an additional internal test at 1.5 times maximum allowableworking pressure will be required.

6.5.4 Main ballast, compensating and trimming systems shall be subjected to a functional test for normaland emergency operation.The measuring system and the safety and alarm systems shall be checked.

6.5.5 The venting of the main ballast tanks and the elements for operation shall be subjected to a functionaltest.

6.6 Pressure vessels and apparatus

6.6.1 Pressure vessels shall undergo a hydraulic pressure test before being insulated or painted. The vesselwalls shall not show permanent deformations or shall not leak.

6.6.2 The test pressure applied to vessels and apparatus with stress from internal pressure shall generally beequivalent to 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure (PB).

6.6.3 Vessels and apparatus which may be subjected to external overpressure shall undergo an externalpressure test. The test pressure shall be at least the test diving pressure (TDP) of the pressure hull.

6.6.4 If the strength against pressure of vessels and apparatus cannot be sufficiently proven by calculation,an alternative verification shall be agreed with the Society.

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6.7 Piping systems, umbilicals, pumps and compressors6.7.1 Piping systems

a) On completion but before being insulated or painted, all piping systems shall undergo a hydraulicpressure test at 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure. Pipes under diving pressure shallbe checked in addition with test diving pressure (TDP) (inside or outside according to the actual loadcase).

b) After installation on board, all pipes shall undergo a tightness test at the maximum allowable workingpressure.

c) The safety devices shall be checked.d) Pipes for breathing gas and oxygen shall be tested for cleanliness.

6.7.2 Pumps and compressors

a) Pump and compressor components subjected to pressure shall undergo a hydraulic pressure test. Forpumps the test pressure shall be 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure, for compressors1.5 times the delivery pressure of the compressor stage concerned.

b) On completion, pumps and compressors shall be subjected to a tightness test at their maximumallowable working pressure. In addition, a performance test shall be carried out. With breathing gascompressors, the final moisture content and any possible contamination of the compressed gas shall alsobe determined. The safety devices shall be checked.

6.7.3 Umbilicals/supply lines

a) Umbilicals/supply lines of non-autonomous submersibles shall meet special requirements. The requiredtests shall be divided in a type test for the prototype and a routine test of each end product.

b) All aspects for the tests and trials of umbilicals are defined in Pt.4 Ch.5

6.7.4 Hose linesFor hose lines all applicable requirements of [6.7.3] do apply.

6.8 Propulsion and manoeuvring equipmentThe entire propulsion plant shall be subject to a functional test within a trial trip under water and surfaced.

6.9 Positioning systemThe positioning system shall be checked.

6.10 Working devicesWorking devices as described in Ch.9 Sec.1 [2.3] shall be tested in the following scope.

6.10.1 The effect of the working devices on the total system shall be tested.

6.10.2 The working devices shall be checked with reference to:

— ability to function according to the specified task at relevant capacity of the device— control and monitoring— functioning of safety devices— avoiding dangers for divers and the submersible.

6.10.3 The fixing system shall be subjected to a function test where at least the following individual testsshall be performed with reference to:

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— specified holding power of the fixing system— the power and way limitations of the fixing system as well as the directing of the vehicle— simulation of an energy failure.

6.11 Electrical equipment

6.11.1 Electrical machines, components, including steering and control positions, cables and lines shall betested in the manufacturer's works in accordance with Pt.4 Ch.8.

6.11.2 All electrical systems and equipment shall be inspected and tested before the submersible is put intoservice.

6.11.3 Electrical protective devices shall be checked; in addition, an insulation test shall be performed on theelectrical equipment.

6.11.4 Electrical cables under external pressure shall be checked according to the electrical requirements forumbilicals defined in [6.7.3].

6.11.5 All electrical equipment which is exposed to diving pressure shall be checked additionally for isolationafter the first diving.

6.12 Automation, communication, navigation and locating equipment

6.12.1 Indicating and monitoring instruments shall be tested for the accuracy of their readings and theirlimit value settings according to Pt.4 Ch.9.

6.12.2 Automation systems shall be checked for satisfactory performance under service conditions.

6.12.3 Communication systems for normal and emergency operation shall be subjected to a functional test.

6.13 Life support systems

6.13.1 A functional test shall be carried out to verify the satisfactory functioning of the life support systemunder normal and emergency conditions.

6.13.2 The arrangement of the O2, CO2 and H2 measuring devices shall be inspected, and they shall bechecked for the accuracy of their readings and their limit value settings.

6.13.3 The sanitary facilities shall be checked for proper functioning.

6.13.4 The installation of the ventilation system shall be inspected and the operation of the fans and fireflaps shall be checked.

6.14 Fire protection and fire extinguishing systems

6.14.1 The fire behaviour of the internal fittings and equipment shall be checked by reference to the relevanttest certificates and symbols.

6.14.2 A check shall be made as to whether the electrical heating systems and heaters are fitted withprotection against overheating.

6.14.3 Fire alarm, detection and extinguishing appliances shall be subjected to a functional test.

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6.15 Rescue systemsElements of the rescue system arranged outside the pressure hull shall be tested at test diving pressure(TDP). In addition it shall be proven that the rescue systems function properly even with the submersible atthe maximum permissible inclination and that sufficient stability of the submersible is maintained.

6.16 Mating systems

6.16.1 A test shall be performed to ensure that mating and respectively release of the submersible isaccomplished safely and smoothly at normal and emergency operating conditions.

6.16.2 Where a mating device is provided, it shall be checked that undocking is possible only when theconnecting trunk is not pressurized.

6.16.3 The safety devices shall be checked.

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SECTION 3 EQUIPMENT

1 External equipmentFor external equipment, see Pt.3 Ch.4.

2 Internal equipment and facilitiesFor internal equipment, see Pt.3 Ch.1.

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SECTION 4 MACHINERY SYSTEMSThe technical requirements for machinery systems like propulsion and manoeuvring equipment, ballasting,control/compensating and trimming systems, umbilicals, piping systems, pumps and compressors, vesselsand apparatus under pressure, control and monitoring and fire safety are given in Pt.4.

1 Compressed air systems

1.1 General

1.1.1 For general requirements for compressed air systems refer to Pt.4 Ch.6 Sec.2.

1.1.2 Where air is used to blow main ballast, compensating and trimming tanks, the supply of air carried onboard shall be sufficient according to the purpose of the complete mission considering intended multiple diveswithout recharging the pressurised air reserves.

1.1.3 Air reserves intended for emergency supply shall not be used during normal operation and shall beoperable at test diving depth (TDD).

Guidance note:Air reserves intended for emergency supply are defined as the larger amount of the following:

— completely blowing of the main ballast tanks 4 times at the surface and completely blowing of the compensating tanks of atleast 3 times at nominal diving depth (NDD)

— blowing of the main ballast tanks 1 time at nominal diving depth (NDD) in the amount of the minimum required main ballasttank capacity (see Pt.3 Ch.2 Sec.1 [1.3]).

In special cases deviations of this rule can be agreed with the Society.


1.1.4 The compressed air supply shall be carried in at least 2 separate banks of receivers with the same totalvolume.

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SECTION 5 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

1 GeneralThe following rules define the specialities for all electrical equipment on board submersibles and have priorityover Pt.4 Ch.8 which shall be applied for further detailed problems. Where appropriate, these rules may beapplied to equipment for the launching and recovery of submersibles. For submersibles with a diver's lockout,the electrical equipment in the area of the diver's lockout shall comply with the provisions of Ch.1.The necessary tests and markings for manned submersibles are as stated in Sec.2 [6.11] and Pt.4 Ch.1Sec.2.

2 Power supply

2.1 Power demand

2.1.1 Proof of adequate rating of the units for generation and storage of electrical power shall be furnishedby a power balance.

2.1.2 The power demand shall be determined for the following operating conditions:

— normal operation (surface/diving operation)— emergency operation.

2.1.3 In the power balance all consumers installed, including their power inputs, shall be consideredaccording to the general operation conditions.

2.2 Equipment for power supply

2.2.1 All electrical equipment essential for the safety of the submersible and its crew shall be connected toan independent main and emergency power supply system.

2.2.2 Main electrical power supply

a) Each submersible shall be equipped with a main power source of sufficient capacity, such as to ensure:

— that normal operation and the conditions of life as intended to prevail on board can be maintained,without having to take recourse to the emergency power supply

— a sufficient supply of electric power for the envisaged periods of service shall be guaranteed inoperation independent from outside air supply as well as in operation depending on outside air supply

b) The main power source shall consist of at least two mutually independent, redundant power generatingsystems, such as

— generator sets,— batteries,— fuel cell systems.

Exceptions may be permitted for submersibles with restricted range of service and/or accompanied bysupport vessels.

c) In the case of non-autonomous submersibles the main power supply may be followed directly from theswitchboard of the diving support vessel resp. from the main power source of the diving system.

d) If started electrically, generating sets shall be equipped with a starting device as per SHIP Pt.4 Ch.8.

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2.2.3 Emergency power supply

a) An independent emergency power source shall be provided in all submersibles.The location and electrical connection of the emergency power supply shall be in a form that in the eventof failure or damage of the main power supply because of fire or other influences, the function of theemergency power supply is ensured.

b) The emergency power source shall be capable of supplying the submersible with the energy required inemergencies.All electrical equipment required for surfacing the submersible shall be adequately supplied with power;apart from this, simultaneous supply of electrical power to at least the equipment listed below shall beensured according to an emergency power balance:

— emergency lighting inside the submersible— emergency communications equipment— equipment for maintaining a breathable atmosphere— essential monitoring and alarm equipment, e.g. leakage monitoring system, fire alarm system,

breathing air monitoring, H2 monitoring— locating equipment, signal lamps.

2.3 Charging and shore connection

2.3.1 Where socket connections are provided for charging and shore connection with a nominal current morethan 16 A these shall be blocked such as to preclude both insertion and withdrawal of the plug, with thecontact sleeves of the sockets being alive.

2.3.2 On the main switchboard an indicator shall be fitted showing whether the shore connection line is alive.

3 Power distribution

3.1 Distribution and switchgear

3.1.1 Electrical distribution systems shall be so designed that a fault or failure in one circuit cannot impairthe operation of other circuits or the power supply.

3.1.2 In normal operation, the emergency power distribution system may be supplied via a transfer line fromthe main power distribution system.

3.1.3 Switchboards shall be placed to minimize the length of the cables from the batteries to theswitchboard. These cables shall be laid as far as their respective circuit breakers in separate cable runs andshall be protected against mechanical damage.

3.1.4 Effective measures shall be taken to prevent the occurrence of vagabond voltages inside switchgear.Circuits at protective low voltage shall not be routed with circuits at higher voltage in a joint conductorbundle or cable duct.Terminals for different voltage levels shall be arranged separately and shall be clearly identified.

3.1.5 Switches and fuses for different voltage systems shall be spatially separated inside the switchboard.

3.2 Switching and protective devices

3.2.1 Each circuit shall be protected against overload and short-circuit.

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3.2.2 All consumer circuits shall be fitted with switches. The switching action shall be on all poles.

3.2.3 Fuses may be used for overload protection on submersibles up to a rated current of 63 A.

3.2.4 A continuously operating insulation monitoring system shall be installed.An alarm shall be tripped at the control stand if the insulation value drops below a preset limit (in general: 50Ω for 1 V).

3.3 Enclosures for electrical equipment

3.3.1 The enclosures of electrical equipment installed outside the pressure hull or operated in water shall beapproved by the Society.

3.3.2 Pressure tight enclosures which are arranged outside the pressure hull and are exposed to divingpressure shall be designed according to Pt.3 Ch.2 Sec.1 [1.5.5] and shall be tested according to Sec.2[6.11].Where the strength of enclosures and electrical components situated outside of the pressure hull cannotsufficiently be proven by computation, a pressure test with a layout pressure equal to 1.1 × collapse divingpressure (CDP) shall be performed as a type test.

3.4 EarthingThe earthing of electrical systems and equipment on autonomous and independent submersibles is subject tothe requirements stated in the SHIP Pt.4 Ch.8.Earthing arrangements on non-autonomous submersibles are subject to the requirements of mannedhyperbaric systems Ch.1 to Ch.5.

3.5 Cables and lines

3.5.1 Cables and lines for submersibles shall be suitable for the proposed application. Their use is subject toapproval by the Society.

3.5.2 The selection, dimensioning and installation of cables and lines shall comply with SHIP Pt.4 Ch.8 Sec.6.

3.5.3 Only halogen-free materials shall be used as insulating sleeves, protective coverings, sheaths andfillers of cables used in submersibles.

3.5.4 Underwater cables and lines shall be radially watertight and designed for an external hydrostaticpressure equal to 1.1 times the collapse diving pressure (CDP).For further requirements concerning design and testing see Pt.4 Ch.5.

3.6 Umbilicals/supply lines

3.6.1 Umbilicals as a connection between support vessel and submersible may contain control andcommunication cables as well power supply lines.All aspects of design and testing are defined in Pt.4 Ch.5.

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3.7 Busbars bare or painted3.7.1 General

— Busbars shall be made of copper, aluminium with copper sheathing or corrosion resistant aluminium.Further busbar materials shall be agreed with the Society and shall be checked for the load case. Table 1shows maximum permissible loading.

— Main collecting and field distribution bars made of copper shall be designed for the permitted current loadaccording SHIP Pt.4 Ch.8.

— The loading of busbars shall be designed according to DIN 43 671. On continuous load, the busbartemperature shall not exceed 100°C.

— The distance between two parallel-running busbars of the same phase shall be not less than the thicknessof one busbar. shall be earth conductors, neutral conductors of three-phase mains and equalization linesbetween compound-wound generators shall have at least the half cross section of the phase conductor.

Table 1 Maximum permissible loading [A] of busbars for DC and AC up 60 Hz

Maximum permissible loading [A] with 50/60 Hz

painted (matt-black) bare

Width x Thickness Number of bars Number of bars

[mm]1|

2| |

3| | |

4| | | |

1|

2| |

3| | |

4| | | |

15 × 3 230 390 – – 200 350 – –

20 × 3 290 485 – – 250 430 – –

20 × 5 395 690 – – 340 620 – –

20 × 10 615 1145 – – 530 1020 – –

25 × 3 355 580 – – 300 510 – –

25 × 5 475 820 – – 405 725 – –

30 × 3 415 670 – – 350 590 – –

30 × 5 555 940 – – 470 830 – –

Note:The maximum permissible loading applies to switchboards not closed at the rear. In the case of fully enclosedswitchboards adequate ventilation shall be ensured, or a temperature rise task according IEC-Pub. 60439-001 shall beperformed.

3.7.2 Connections to equipmentCross-sections of connection bars and wires to equipment shall be of such size as to avoid thermaloverloading of the equipment at rated load as well as in the event of a short circuit.

3.7.3 Busbar carriersBusbars shall be mounted in such a way that they withstand the dynamic loads caused by short-circuitcurrents and maintain the required clearance and creepage distances relative to other voltage carrying orearthed components.

3.7.4 Clearance and creepage distancesClearance and creepage distances shall be designed for the specific equipment according to IEC.

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a) Where busbars are used for connecting equipment, only sealed or insulated systems may be employed.b) Exceptions to this rule are switchboards and enclosed electrical service spaces.

The busbar system shall be so constructed that neither the connected neighbouring equipment northe busbar system itself can be damaged by movement of the busbars, temperature rises or externalmechanical influences.It is recommended that expansion links shall be fitted.Prior to the installation of busbar systems, proof is required of mechanical strength under short-circuitconditions considering the effects of the electrical heating produced by the short-circuit current.

4 Interior lighting

4.1 Service and work spaces, safety and control stations as well accommodation areas shall be equipped withnormal and emergency lighting. Emergency lights shall be marked as such to facilitate easy identification.

4.2 The lighting shall be so designed and arranged that all important instruments and markings can be read andany necessary operations can be safely performed.As far as possible the interior lighting shall be arranged glare-free.

4.3 All lighting fixtures shall be so mounted that combustible parts are not ignited by the generated heat, andthey themselves are not exposed to damage.

4.4 The emergency lighting shall be independent from the main lighting. This concerns the power generation aswell as the distribution and cable network.The emergency lighting shall be automatically switched on in case of failure of the main lighting. Switches foremergency lighting shall switch-off only partial areas, e.g. in the control stand.

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SECTION 6 CONTROLS AND COMMUNICATION

1 General

1.1 The following rules are supplementary to Pt.4 Ch.8 and Pt.4 Ch.9 and shall be applied to the construction anduse of monitoring, open and closed loop control and communications equipment in submersibles as well as tothat of wireless, navigating and locating equipment in submersibles built under the survey and in accordancewith the rules of the Society.In submersibles with a diver's lockout, for automation, control, monitoring and communications equipmentin the area of the diver's lockout the requirements of manned hyperbaric systems (Ch.1 to Ch.5) shall beconsidered.

1.2 The documents to be submitted to the Society are listed in Sec.2 [5].

1.3 The necessary tests and markings for manned submersibles are as stated in Sec.2 [6] and Pt.4 Ch.1 Sec.2.

2 Navigation and manoeuvringPrincipally the regulations of the flag administration respectively of the competent authorities shall beconsidered.

2.1 Control stand

2.1.1 For the monitoring and control of the submersible a control stand shall be provided which shall beequipped with indicators displaying all essential information about the submersible, its internal conditionsand the operating states of the auxiliary systems and with all the regulating and control devices needed tooperate the submersible including its wireless, TV and communications equipment.

2.1.2 At the control stand grouping and arrangement of the instruments for monitoring, open and closedloop control of the submersible shall conform to the principles of safety technology and ergonomics.

2.1.3 As far as feasible and rational, initiated control functions shall be indicated on the console orswitchboards respectively.

2.1.4 No units or equipment liable to impede the monitoring and control of the submersible may be installedin the area of the control stand.

2.2 Control stand equipment

2.2.1 For each of the functions to be performed on the control stand of the submersible the followingindicating instruments shall be provided:

2.2.2 Navigation and speed indicators

— navigational radarscope— position indicator system (e.g., GPS)

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— obstruction signalling device (echo depth finder or sonar unit)— TV camera— external communication system (VHF)— internal communication system— gyro compass— depth indicators— 2 depth indicators which work independently of each other and are not connected to the same pressure

hull penetration. The scales of the depth indicators are to extend at least 20% beyond the nominal divingdepth (NDD). For manned pressure test dives the scales shall be extended beyond test diving depth(TDD). The instruments shall give readings accurate to 1% at maximum diving depth and shall not besignificantly affected by pressure variations. The nominal diving depth (NDD) shall be clearly indicated onthe scale.

— one depth indicator is sufficient on non-autonomous submersibles attached by a lifting cable— heeling and trim angle indicator— speed and distance indicator— rudder angle indicators (vertical and horizontal rudders)— indicator showing speed and direction of rotation of main driving propeller— thrust line indicator for other propeller drives (if fitted)— navigating and signal lamp monitor— level indicators for compensating and trimming tanks— position indicator for weights to be shifted, if existing— chronometer.

2.2.3 Submersible atmosphere

— indicators and alarms for monitoring the submersible atmosphere specified in Sec.7

2.2.4 Electrical equipment

— generator current and voltage indicators— battery current and voltage indicators— If a capacity indication for the batteries shall be provided will be defined by the Society in each single case— current consumption indicators of propeller motors and essential electric drives— power supply/distribution indicators— insulation monitor displays.

2.2.5 Safety equipment/indicators

— machinery alarm systems— fire detection and fire alarm system— leakage alarm— general alarm system— pressure gauge for all compressed-air receivers— pressure gauge for all oxygen storage tanks— pressure gauges for hydraulic systems.

2.3 Steering and control systems

2.3.1 The control stand of the submersible shall be equipped with at least the following systems:

— control of pressure, temperature and humidity of the vehicle atmosphere plus the oxygen metering andair renewal rates

— control of the propulsion plant

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— control of the vertical and horizontal steering gears— control of the thrust propeller drives— control of blowing of main ballast and compensating tanks— control of trimming and ballast systems— control of bilge systems— emergency stopping systems— control of electricity supply— control of auxiliary systems, e.g. hydraulic units— and similar.

2.3.2 Navigation and control functions shall, wherever possible and expedient, be indicated by displays onmonitors and/or dead-front circuit diagrams on the control console.

3 Sensors and actuatorsAll devices for registering the operating conditions of submersibles as well as the belonging actuators shall beapproved by the Society and shall be type approved.

4 Data transfer system

4.1 For the application of data cables it shall be guaranteed, that the specified data volume per time unit will betransmitted without disturbances at all operating conditions.

4.2 Navigation and control of the submersible shall be possible even if the data line fails.

4.3 If secondary “data for payloads” shall be transmitted on data lines, the transmission shall be independentfrom the data lines for the operation of the submersible.

5 Communication equipment

5.1 General

5.1.1 Depending on their type, size and function or range of service, submersibles shall be equipped withvarious means of internal and external communication.

5.1.2 For submersibles with a diver's lockout, the means of communication between the diver in the waterand the diver in the lockout and that between the diver's lockout and the submersible's control stand shallmeet the requirements set out in Ch.1 to Ch.5 as far as applicable.

5.1.3 Antennae and transducers shall be permanently installed and so arranged as to preclude mutualinterference.

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5.2 Internal communications equipment

5.2.1 Submersibles with more than one room shall be equipped with a two-way communications system.

5.2.2 A telephone link independent of the submarine's power supply system shall be provided betweenthe control stand and the steering gear compartment and between the control stand and the propellingmachinery space.

5.3 Surface communications

5.3.1 Autonomous submersibles shall be equipped with at least one two-channel transmitter/receiver, one ofthe channels of which shall operate on safety channel 16-VHF, while the other is used as a working channelfor communication between the submersible and its support vessel.

5.3.2 Independent submersibles shall be equipped with an additional radiotelephone.

5.3.3 On non-autonomous submersibles, a telephone link shall be provided between the submersible andthe control position on the support vessel. The telephone link shall be operated through loudspeakers andshall be permanently switched to "receive" on the support vessel's control console. It shall be fitted with self-resetting switches for reversing the direction of communication.

5.4 Underwater communications

5.4.1 Autonomous submersibles shall be equipped with at least one single-channel side-band underwatertelephone (UT) system. The UT system shall as a minimum requirement enable satisfactory communicationto be maintained with the support vessel when this is at a distance equivalent to twice the nominal divingdepth of the submersible.

5.4.2 Independent submersibles shall be equipped with a two-channel side-band UT system.

5.4.3 For non-autonomous submersibles [5.3.3] is valid.

6 Emergency communications equipment

6.1 Independent submersibles shall be equipped with radiotelephones connected to the emergency power supplyand capable of both surface and underwater operation. The emergency radiotelephone equipment shallinclude at least one VHF transmitter/receiver operating on safety channel 16. The standby UT system shallhave a minimum range equivalent to twice the nominal diving depth of the submersible.

6.2 On autonomous submersibles, the UT system shall be fed from the emergency power supply and shall becapable of acting as standby telephone system when the submersible is on the surface.

6.3 On non-autonomous submersibles a telephone connection independent from the main power supply shall beprovided in addition to the main telephone connection.

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SECTION 7 LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS

1 General

1.1 For life support systems see Pt.4 Ch.4.

1.2 The documents to be submitted to the Society for approval are stated in Sec.2 [5].

1.3 The necessary tests and markings for manned submersibles are as stated in Sec.2 [6] and Pt.4 Ch.1 Sec.2.

2 Monitoring Equipment

2.1 The control stand of the submersible according to Sec.6 [2] shall be fitted at least with indicating instrumentsfor monitoring the environmental conditions inside the vehicle for the following parameters:

— pressure— temperature— humidity— oxygen partial pressure— CO2 partial pressure— H2 portion— pressure of connected breathing gas containers/bottles— pressure downstream of pressure-reducing valves.

2.2 The readings of the pressure gauges shall be accurate to at least 1% of the complete indicating range. Theuse of mercury pressure gauges and thermometers is not permitted.

2.3 Each space shall be provided with facilities for measuring the room temperature and the O2 and CO2 partialpressures.

2.4 A permanent gauge and a standby indicator shall be provided for monitoring both the O2 and CO2 partialpressure. Test tubes may be recognized as standby indicators.

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2.5 The system for the analysis of oxygen shall have a minimum indicating accuracy of ± 0.015 bar for theoxygen partial pressure.

2.6 The CO2 analysis system shall have a minimum indicating accuracy of ± 0.001 bar for the CO2 partialpressure.

2.7 A system to analyse possible atmospheric impurities such as e.g., CO, NO, NOx and hydrocarbons shall beprovided.

Guidance note:Test tubes may be approved for this purpose.


3 Emergency Thermal and Frigidity ProtectionSubmersibles shall be equipped to provide each crew member with sufficient thermal protection (e.g. thermalprotection suits) even in an emergency of the duration stated in Pt.4 Ch.4 Sec.2 [1].

4 Pressure EqualizationMeasures shall be provided to transfer, in a controlled manner, the higher or lower pressure eventually builtup within the pressure hull to atmospheric pressure before the access hatches are opened.

5 Waste DisposalSubmersibles shall be equipped with devices or receptacles for disposal of waste produced during the survivalperiod without substantially affecting the quality of breathing air.

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SECTION 8 RESCUE SYSTEMS

1 Scope

1.1 The rules of this section are valid for the following equipment and systems, which are required for rescuingthe submersible and its occupants:

— emergency gas/air supply for (automatic) blowing the main ballast tanks— dead man’s switch for the pilot of the submersible for automatic blowing the main ballast tanks (optional),

unintended action shall be avoided by suitable measures— jettisonable ballast— detachable elements of the equipment (e.g. manipulators, drive units, rudders, fixing devices, etc.)— detachment of umbilicals and lifting cables— detachable rescue vessel (optional)— marker buoy with and without recovery line— mating flange for rescue submersibles (optional).

The emergency breathing air supply is defined in Pt.4 Ch.4 Sec.3.

1.2 The documents to be submitted to the Society for approval are stated in Sec.2 [5].

1.3 The necessary tests and markings are for manned submersibles stated in Sec.2 [6] and Pt.4 Ch.1 Sec.2. ForROVs, AUVs and working machines see Ch.7 to Ch.9.

2 Life saving appliances on the surface

2.1 Life saving appliances shall be provided for crew members:

— on surface voyages— surfaced crew members from a sunken unit.

2.2 The life saving appliances shall be in accordance with international and national regulations, see Pt.1. Theirdesign and testing is not part of the classification scope. In any way their storage, activation as well asresulting forces, if applicable, shall be considered within the frame work of the overall design.

Guidance note:Mostly these appliances will consist of inflatable liferafts in sufficient numbers, which are unfolding after the actuation automaticallyat adequate outside pressure.


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3 Personal life saving appliances

3.1 The equipment of the submersible concerning personal life saving appliances for the crew e.g. life rings, lifejackets, immersion suits (thermal protection suits) is governed by the relevant international and nationalregulations, see Pt.1.

3.2 A first aid kit shall be provided.

4 Emergency gas/air supplyThe supply to be carried for blowing the main ballast tanks is given in Pt.4 Ch.6 Sec.2 [3].

5 Automatic blowingAs an option a device shall be fitted for automatic blowing of the main ballast tanks. This shall be actuatedautomatically unless, at the expiry of a safety interval, a safety switch (dead man's handle) is actuated, orif the nominal diving depth is exceeded. This device shall be automatically rendered unoperational when thediver's lockout is open.

6 Jettisoning of solid ballast

6.1 General

6.1.1 Mathematical proof shall be furnished to prove that, after release of the solid ballast, the submersiblerises safely to the surface and floats there in a stable position, see Pt.3 Ch.7.

6.1.2 For the design of the jettisonable ballast in general the bigger value of the following shall be assumed:

— weight of the water volume of all compensating and trimming tanks, if these are designed for deballastpumping

— weight of the water volume of the biggest pressure vessel resp. apparatus arranged outside and subjectedto external pressure, reduced by the internals

6.1.3 It shall be possible to jettison the solid ballast even if the main electricity supply fails.

6.1.4 The devices for jettison of ballast shall be so designed that two mutually independent actions shall beperformed to initiate the release operation.

6.1.5 The release of ballast shall be possible at the seabed.

6.1.6 Normally it shall be possible to release equipment in addition, see Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3.

7 Detachment of umbilicals and lifting cablesIf required for the rescue of non-autonomous submersibles umbilicals, lifting cables shall be detachable, seePt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3.

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8 Detachable rescue vessels (optional)

8.1 General

8.1.1 The rescue vessel shall accommodate the entire crew and shall be suitable for a safe and quicksurfacing procedure.

8.1.2 The design shall be pressure tight for 1.1 times the collapse diving pressure (CDP).

8.1.3 The release mechanism shall only be activable from the inside.

8.1.4 In surfaced condition the rescue vessel shall float in a stable position with the access hatch at the topand with sufficient freeboard to the water surface.

8.1.5 The rescue vessel shall be provided with necessary survival equipment required to accommodate thecrew over a time period to be agreed with the Society.

9 Marker buoy

9.1 Independent and autonomous submersibles

9.1.1 Independent and autonomous submersibles shall be equipped with a marker buoy, which can bereleased in emergency from inside the submersible. The buoy shall be pressure tight assuming a layoutpressure of 1.1 times the collapse diving pressure (CDP).

9.1.2 The marker buoy shall be equipped with an automatic emergency call transmitter.

9.1.3 For not too big diving depths, the marker buoy shall remain connected with the submersible by arolling-off cable. If possible, the marker buoy shall be usable as telephone connection with arrived rescueforces.As the buoy and the related mechanism are in general arranged in the free flooded exostructure, all elementsof the release system, the cable drum, etc., shall be made of stainless material to guarantee a faultlessfunctioning under all circumstances.

9.1.4 If for big diving depths a connection of the marker buoy to the submersible is not possible anymore, itshall be equipped with a drag anchor, to remain as near as possible to the position of the submersible.

9.2 Non-autonomous submersiblesGuidance note:For non-autonomous submersibles a marker buoy according to [9.1] is recommended.


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10 Mating flange (optional)

10.1 General

10.1.1 If a mating flange for docking of a rescue submersible is arranged on the submersible, the relevantdesign parameters and calculations shall be agreed with the Society, see Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.2.

10.1.2 Concerning the number and arrangement of the mating flange respectively, the requirements foraccess hatches Sec.9 [4.5] shall be observed.

11 Emergency instructionsNear to the release points of the described rescue systems, relevant operating instructions, warning signs,etc. shall be provided, which:

— describe clearly the purpose of the release and the different procedures for operating— are easily readable with emergency lighting— utilize symbols in accordance with the international SOLAS, LSA and national regulations.

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SECTION 9 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TOURIST SERVICES

1 GeneralFor submersibles with less than 6 passengers the requirements shall be agreed with the Society case bycase.

1.1 The rules of this section are defining which minimum requirements that shall be met by submersiblesintended for tourist services according to MSC/Circ.981 of 29 January 2001.

1.2 The requirements relate to submersibles operating in already defined, explored diving areas at depths that atany time is accessible to surface divers and are able to transport more than 6 passengers.

1.3 To avoid interferences between the surfacing submersible and vessels on the surface communication betweenthe submersible and a person on the surface and herewith to other surface vehicles which are participating insea/ship traffic shall be possible at all times.

1.4 The operating conditions for which the submersible is designed shall be clearly specified. The Societyreserves the right of adequately adapting design and equipment with a view to the respective operatingconditions and, if necessary, in accordance with requirements of the flag administration.Normally a submersible for tourist services shall not operate in waters with a water depth greater than thenominal diving depth (NDD). Operations in waters with a greater depth may be applied for, if adequate,special safety measures are provided and these are approved as adequate by the Society.

1.5 The unit shall comply with requirements given by the flag administration and relevant national regulations.

1.6 The particulars to be submitted to the Society for approval are listed in Sec.2 [5]. In addition an emergencyplan for the evacuation of the passengers in case of fire, damage, etc. of the submersible shall be submitted.

1.7 The examination and markings stipulated can be taken from Sec.2 [6] and Pt.4 Ch.1 Sec.1.

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2 Stability and buoyancy

2.1 Submersibles for tourist services are with regard to their stability in the surfaced and submerged conditionand in the transient conditions to be dimensioned such that persons moving on or below deck cannot causeany situations affecting their operational safety, see Pt.3 Ch.7.

2.2 The equipment (variable ballast) ensuring neutral buoyancy shall function independently of the diving depthand shall be designed for the maximum expected changes due to added loads and buoyancy (owing todifferences in specific density).

Guidance note:The variable ballast may partly consist of removable solid ballast capable of being adequately secured.


For the layout not pressure-proven main ballast tanks shall not be taken into consideration to achieve neutralbuoyancy.

2.3 At least two facilities independent of each other – one of it without electric energy – shall be providedenabling the submersible to surface in a stable, upright floating condition.

2.4 The stability of the surfaced submersible, the arrangement of the access(es) and their height above thewaterline shall be designed such, that also during evacuation of the submersible in an emergency and giventhe seaway conditions, for which the boat is designed, no water enters through the open hatch(es). In thiscontext, the most unfavourable weight distribution of passengers on and below deck shall be assumed underconsideration of the emergency plan.

2.5 For balancing an uneven weight distribution of passengers in the longitudinal direction of the submersible,the trimming tanks shall be appropriately subdivided, or else different trimming devices shall be available,permitting the submersible to be returned to horizontal trim at any time.

3 Surfacing in emergency

3.1 Basic requirementsThe basic requirement to submersibles for tourist services is, that, as far as practicable, in the eventof any single failure occurring, the submersible shall be able to return to surface without external help.Appropriate backup systems and equipment shall be incorporated to meet this general design requirement.The submersible shall be able to attain positive buoyancy at any time.

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3.2 Emptying of tanks

3.2.1 The main ballast tanks shall be subdivided such that in the event of damage of the biggest tank thepassengers will be able to evacuate the submersible safely and without the risk of water penetrating throughthe hatch(es), see Pt.3 Ch.7 Sec.3.

3.2.2 If tanks are emptied by compressed air, spare compressed air supplies, provided exclusively for thispurpose, shall be available – in addition to the requirements of Pt.4 Ch.4 Sec.2 [3] – in sufficient quantitiesfor blowing the tanks required for surfacing in the nominal diving depth (NDD) applying a safety factor of 1.5.

3.2.3 If other measures are provided, they shall be approved by the Society.

3.3 Jettisoning of ballast

3.3.1 Ballast jettisoning equipment shall be capable of being operated without external power supply andshall be designed such as to preclude unintentional release. The handling of the ballast jettisoning deviceshall be demonstrated by appropriate markings. Jettisoning shall be possible also with the submersible beingin the maximum conceivable inclined position, see also Sec.8 [6]. By these measures a surfacing speedcomparable with normal operation shall be achieved.

3.3.2 The jettisoned ballast may consist, instead of ballast weights designated only for this duty, ofappendages or a combination of both. Alternatively the passenger compartment may be separated from allother parts of the submersible, provided the passenger compartment is positively buoyant when released.

3.4 External meansMeasures shall be provided to bring the submersible with external means to the surface.

4 Equipment

4.1 The submersibles shall be provided with appropriate lifting and towing points. With the aid of the liftingpoints divers or remotely controlled underwater vehicles (ROVs) shall be in a position to easily connect liftingropes or lifting balloons. The towing point shall be arranged such as to enable a towing across the distancesexpected in the operating area, without the safety of the submersible and its equipment being impaired, seealso Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.2 [2]

4.2 The submersibles shall be provided with appropriate warping gear, permitting safe mooring even under themost unfavorable expected weather conditions, see also Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3 [1].

4.3 The submersibles shall, in particular where intended to lie alongside a transfer boat or pontoon forchangeover of passengers at sea, be equipped with solid fenders throughout, preventing damage to externalmain ballast tanks, propulsion units or other important equipment.Means shall be provided such that that persons can board the submersible in a safe way, taking into accountthe relation of the heights of the submersible and of the transfer craft/pontoon, the influence of the seawayand, if applicable, also the protection of the appurtenances of the submersible.

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4.4 The submersibles intended for transportation of passengers shall be provided with guard rails and handrails in such a way that during embarkation and disembarkation the persons are protected against fallingoverboard and can at any time hold tight on and below deck, see also Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3 [1].

4.5 Number and location of access hatches for passengers and crew shall be defined bearing in mind the totallength of the submersible, the length of the pressure hull, number of passengers as well as conditions ofoperation and rescue facilities.In addition the following requirements shall be complied with :

— Accesses and exits shall be designed such as to ensure speedy and safe evacuation also in emergencies(e.g. fire, smoke, stability after uncontrolled passenger movement, down flooding through hatchesdue to adverse sea state, etc.). They shall be dimensioned and arranged such as to enable elderly orhandicapped persons to be assisted by persons accompanying them; therefore it shall be checked, if theminimum net widths defined in Pt.3 Ch.5 Sec.2. shall be increased.

— The number of the hatches shall not be increased beyond the necessary minimum.

4.6 For each passenger and each crew member adequately dimensioned seating space shall be provided.

4.7 Switchgear, valves and other equipment arranged in the passenger area shall be secured againstunauthorized operation. Machinery spaces shall be provided with lockable doors. In order to preventunauthorized access, the pilot area shall be capable of being separated from the passenger area.

4.8 It shall be arranged such that that the pilots t any time can intercommunicate with other crew members andthat the pilot or some other crew member can time inform all passengers.

4.9 If the submersible is operating in areas where the water depth is greater than the nominal diving depth(NDD), a depth alarm shall be triggered at NDD. This alarm shall only be acknowledgeable if the nominaldiving depth is reached again.

4.10 If the surfaced submersible is not clearly visible on the radar screen of other craft, a radar transponder shallbe provided.For underwater voyages the submersible shall be equipped with a sonar reflector or an acoustic emergencypinger which shall be compatible with the support system at the surface.

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4.11 The pilot's visibility shall be such that he will be able to safely manoeuvre the boat, in particular in thevicinity of obstacles as well as on the surface.For extension of the visibility range, TV systems may be installed.

5 Life support systems

5.1 The submersibles shall be equipped such that the passenger space can be sufficiently ventilated between twodiving operations.

5.2 Submersibles under the operating conditions specified in [1.2]. shall be equipped with life support systemscapable of maintaining the breathing air values as per Pt.4 Ch.4 Sec.2 [2] for the maximum times to beexpected for rescue measures in emergency, but at least 24 hours beyond the envisaged normal operatingperiod. The survival times defined in Pt.4 Ch.4 Sec.2 [1.1] for other types of submersibles shall not beapplied here.Where different operating conditions prevail, the required survival period shall be approved by the Society.

5.3 Submersibles shall be equipped with devices or receptacles for disposal of the waste produced during thesurvival period without substantially affecting the quality of the breathing air.

5.4 For each passenger and each crew member a portable emergency respirator that also shall protect the eyes.The respirator shall in the event of an emergency (smoke, contaminated breathing air) ensure breathinguntil surfacing and evacuation is completed. The capacity of the emergency breathing apparatus shall allowbreathing air being available for 150% of the time required for surfacing, but at least one hour. For specialoperating conditions this time may be reduced.The required number of reserve apparatus shall be agreed with the Society depending on the number of thepersons aboard. The emergency breathing apparatus for the crew shall not obstruct them in performing theirfunctions and make it possible for them to operate the communication equipment.

5.5 For the emergency respirators and the life jackets space shall be located near the seats, enabling safestorage and immediate access. Relevant labels shall be affixed.

Guidance note:

— Inflatable life jackets to facilitate the debarkation in emergency are recommended.

— Life buoys or equivalent rescue equipment shall be kept ready during embarkation and disembarkation, in case somebodystays on upper deck of the submersible.


For operation of the submersible intended for tourist services in cold waters adequate low-temperatureprotection for passengers and crew during the survival period shall be ensured (Thermal protection suits).

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SECTION 10 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RESCUESUBMERSIBLES INCLUDING RESCUE VEHICLES

1 GeneralRescue submersible shall comply with the above sections in addition to DNV-RP-E402.For conflicting requirements the stricter shall prevail.

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SECTION 11 LAUNCH AND RECOVERY SYSTEM (LARS)

1 Introduction

1.1 ObjectivesLaunch and recovery systems shall be certified in accordance with statutory requirements for the flagadministration where the support vessel is registered, geographic area of operation and terms of delivery.

1.2 Scope

1.2.1 The following requirements apply for all systems and plants for launch and recovery as well as for coil-up/coil-off mechanism for umbilicals of manned submersibles.

1.2.2 Key issues are identified through requirements for alternative recovery of submersibles.

1.2.3 Limitations are given in the rating of the launch and recovery systems with respect to a given,specified, sea-state.

1.2.4 Load conditions may need to be estimated through the use of calculations such as defined in Pt.3 Ch.1.

1.2.5 Requirements for testing are given in [1.7] to [1.9].

1.3 Application

1.3.1 These requirements apply for all systems for launch and recovery of submersibles.

1.3.2 This section has impact on the requirements for strength with respect to deck loading on the supportvessel and to the services from the support vessel.

1.4 References

1.4.1 For quantitative design parameters and functional requirements, reference is made to relevantstandards and guidelines, including the Society’s Standard for Certification No. 2.22 Lifting Appliances.

1.4.2 Further references are given to:

a) the Society’s rules for classification of ships SHIP Pt.2.b) ILO Convention No. 152.

1.5 Procedural requirements, approval and certificationLaunch and recovery systems shall normally be certified by a competent person as lifting appliances inaccordance with the procedures applicable for the system and compliant with ILO Convention No. 152.Operational limitations shall be stated in an appendix to the certificate. For diving systems classed with theSociety, a CG2 certificate will be issued for the LARS.

1.6 Documentation requirements for launch and recovery systems

1.6.1 Documentation shall be submitted as required by Table 1.

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Table 1 Documentation requirements


Z060 Functional description Including recovery and launching speed AP

Z010 General arrangementplan Including substructure of gears and winches AP

H020 Design load plan AP

M100 Material declaration Single BOM for everything? AP

H140 Welding tables FI

H131 Non-destructivetesting (NDT) plan AP

H070 Standard details Exchangeable structural parts, ropes, sockets,blocks, sheaves AP

S041 Pneumatic controldiagram AP

S042 Hydraulic controldiagram AP

E240 Electrical assemblyfunctional description Including nominal data and type of protection

Launch and recovery system(LARS)

G050 Safety plan Including control scheme AP

Machinery equipment Z030 Arrangement plan Including winches, drives AP

Wire ropes Z100 Specification Including end connections AP

Umbilical Z100 Specification if applicable AP

Z060 Functional description if applicable APCoil-up and coil-offmechanism for umbilicals Z010 General arrangement

plan if applicable AP

Submersible B040 Stability analysis Mass AP

Lifting points arrangement


For general requirements for documentation, including definition of the info codes, see SHIP Pt.1 Ch.3 Sec.2.For a full definition of the documentation types, see SHIP Pt.1 Ch.3 Sec.3.

1.7 Survey and testing requirements during and after manufacture

1.7.1 Checks shall be made that proofs are available for all exchangeable single parts.The breaking strength of the used ropes shall be proven by a total rupture test and shall be certified.

1.7.2 In addition to the test requirements given here, additional detailed requirements are given in theSociety’s Standard for Certification No. 2.22 Lifting Appliances.

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1.8 Survey and testing requirements during and after assemblyA static test of the system shall be performed at the manufacturer with a test load equal to 2.2 times thesafe working load (SWL).

1.9 Survey and testing during and after installation

1.9.1 Before putting into operation of the launch and recovery system as well as the coil-up/coil-offmechanism for umbilicals an acceptance test with the following single tests shall be performed:

— dynamic test (brake test) aboard with 1.25 times the safe working load (SWL), it shall be demonstratedthat the systems are capable of carrying out all motions in a safe and smooth manner.

— for an A-frame operated by two hydraulic cylinders an additional test with SWL and use of only onecylinder

— check of the minimum heaving speed— test that the procedure of launch and recovery of the submersible respectively the coil-up and coil-off of

the umbilical is performed in normal and emergency operation safely and without jerk— check of lifting cable coupling system, if applicable— test of function including safety and alarm systems.

Monitoring of functional parameters during the tests, e.g., pressure peaks in hydraulic systems may berequired.

1.9.2 For repeated tests see Pt.7 Ch.1.

1.10 Markings and signposts

1.10.1 The launch and recovery systems as well as the coil-up/coil-off mechanism for umbilicals shallbe marked with a fixed type plate at a good visible position which contains in easily readable writing thefollowing data:

a) manufacturerb) serial number and year of constructionc) safe working load (SWL) [t]d) load radius [m]e) date of test and test stamp (for cranes at the bottom end of the right-hand jib member and next to the

point where the member joints to the crane housing)

1.11 Materials

1.11.1 Manufacturing, processing and testing of materials shall be carried out as given in SHIP Pt.2 Ch.1 toSHIP Pt.2 Ch.4 and the Society’s Standard for Certification No. 2.22 Lifting Appliances.

1.11.2 Other materials as defined in [1.11.1] shall be manufactured and processed according to recognizedstandards resp. according to specifications of the material manufacturer checked and approved by theSociety.

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2 Design Principles

2.1 General

2.1.1 The launch and recovery equipment shall be capable of safely launch and recover the submersible inthe seaway conditions stated in Pt.3 Ch.1.

2.1.2 The launch and recovery equipment should be fitted with devices for reducing the dynamic loadsduring launch and recovery operations in a seaway.

2.1.3 A coupling system shall be provided to enable the submersible to be safely and efficiently coupled to,and uncoupled from the launch and recovery system.

2.1.4 Devices shall be provided to stabilize the submersible during launch and recovery.

2.1.5 Launch and recovery equipment for submersibles with a diver's lockout shall in addition conform to therequirements given in Ch.1.

2.1.6 Besides of the launch and recovery system, an emergency recovery system shall be provided thatallows the submersible to be lifted to the surface in an emergency. Other measures may be provided inaccordance with the Society. An adequate emergency recovery plan shall be submitted.

2.1.7 Between the launch and recovery system and the umbilical winch, if separately arranged, acommunication facility with the control station of the submersible and the bridge of the support vessel shallbe established.

2.2 Submersibles

2.2.1 A submersible shall:

a) be provided with adequate protection against mechanical damage during handling operationb) be equipped with one extra lifting point designed to take the entire safe working load of the submersible

including ballast and equipment as well as the weight of the crew staying in the submersible.

2.3 Function

2.3.1 The handling system shall enable smooth and easily controllable handling of the submersible.The normal launch and recovery system shall be designed for a safe, smooth and easily controllabletransportation of the crew in the design sea-state.

2.3.2 The lowering of submersibles under normal conditions shall not be controlled by brakes, but by thedrive system of the winches.

2.3.3 If the energy supply to the handling system fails, brakes shall be engaged automatically. Manoeuvringsystems shall be arranged for automatic stop when the operating handle is not operated (dead man’shandle).

2.3.4 Hoisting systems shall be fitted with a mechanical brake, which shall be engaged automatically whenthe hoisting motor stops. In the event of failure of the automatic brake a secondary means shall be providedto prevent the load from falling. This may be manual in operation and should be simple in design.

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2.3.5 The launch and recovery system shall be designed so that the systems are locked in place if the energysupply fails or is switched off.

2.3.6 If the hoisting rope can enter the drum with an angle exceeding 2° from the right angle to the drumaxis (the “fleet angle”), a spooling arrangement shall be fitted. The rope launch and recovery system shallnot permit ropes to squeeze in between, or introduce permanent deformation to ropes in underlying layers onthe drum.

2.3.7 The hoisting system shall be equipped with a “line-out” device showing the amount of wire that isspooled off the drum and a device which stops the submersible at its lowermost and uppermost positions.

2.4 Recovery

2.4.1 In the event of single component failure of the main handling system, an alternative means shall beprovided whereby the submersible can be returned to the surface. In addition, provisions shall be made foremergency retrieval of the submersible if the main and alternative means fail.

2.4.2 There shall be at least one normal system (primary) and two (secondary and tertiary) mutuallyindependent emergency means for recovery of the crew with return to the supply vessel. The alternativemeans shall comply with the same requirements for load strength as the main system if the submersible ispart of the recovery.

2.4.3 The two emergency means shall be arranged as follows:

a) One emergency system (secondary) may be made for recovery by aid of the normal hoisting or guiderope(s). This system shall be independently powered from the normal system, and shall incorporate alltransportation necessary to transport the submersible to the surface.

b) One system (considered secondary) shall also provide an arrangement for stopping the submersible orbell from falling or descending, in the event of failure in the primary lifting wire.

2.5 Power2.5.1 Mechanical drives

— The launch and recovery system shall have an energy source which is able to deliver the full energydemand required for the launch and recovery of the submersible.

— The launch and recovery system shall be equipped with auxiliary drives enabling a launch or recoverymaneuver which has already been started, to be safely concluded if the winches or hydraulic pumps fail.

— Launch and recovery systems using an "A" frame shall be equipped with two hydraulic cylinders whichshall be so designed and arranged that each is fully capable of safely performing the launch and recoveryoperation under load. In addition, they shall be connected to the hydraulic system in such a way that asingle fault in the hydraulic system cannot lead to the failure of both hydraulic cylinders.

2.5.2 Control equipment

a) Launch and recovery systems shall be fitted with control equipment enabling the system to be operatedintermittently with smooth accelerations. In addition, the controls shall be designed and arranged in sucha way that the operator has the submersible in his visual field throughout complete launch and recoveryand is fully able to perform all the necessary actions.

b) The controls shall be fitted with blocking devices which ensure that only those commands can beperformed simultaneously which do not produce a dangerous or unintended condition.

c) Control systems shall be provided with emergency shut-off buttons.d) Wherever possible, control units shall operate on the fail-safe principle.

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e) Control units with remote control shall be additionally equipped with a direct control override. In theevent of failure or malfunction of the remote control, all operating sequences which have been initiatedshall be automatically stopped.

f) All control units shall be clearly and permanently marked and shall be adequately illuminated.

2.6 Handling of umbilical

2.6.1 If umbilicals are applied, the following shall be considered.

2.6.2 Umbilical

a) The requirements for umbilicals are defined in Pt.4 Ch.5.b) The termination points, where the umbilical enter connectors and/or penetrators, shall not be subjected

to significant loads or flexing.

2.6.3 Coil-up/coil-off mechanism

a) Coil-up and coil-off mechanism for umbilicals describe the complete equipment for handling of theumbilical on the support vessel. They may be of different types, but often an umbilical winch is anintegrated part of this system.

b) An adequate coil-up and coil-off mechanism shall be provided for the umbilical, which is tracking theumbilical without restriction of the freedom to move and without additional mechanical loads to theelement under water.

c) The detailed requirements are defined in Pt.4 Ch.5 Sec.2 [4].

3 Strength

3.1 Design loads

3.1.1 The safe working load (SWL) of the launch and recovery system summarizes as follows:

— weight of the submersible, including its equipment, ballast weights, etc.— payload (NL) of the submersible— total weight of the lifting cable— weight of the load transmitting devices which are not connected in a fixed way with the launch and

recovery system— resulting loads of the umbilical according to [2.6] if this is transferred via the launch and recovery system.

3.1.2 Calculations shall be based on the assumption that the angle of engagement of the lifting cable may be12° off perpendicular in any direction.

3.1.3 For the calculation also further possible external loads, which may occur during operation (e.g.dynamics, wind loads, ice accretion, etc.) shall be considered. A proof of strength shall be submitted underconsideration of the seaway and wind conditions according to Pt.3 Ch.1.

3.1.4 Finally also the forces from maximum vessel motions and green seas, wind, ice, etc. shall be checkedfor the launch and recovery system in resting position and stowed on the supply vessel.

3.1.5 In addition the minimum heaving speed shall be specified by the manufacturer and to be agreed withthe Society.

3.1.6 The driving machine of the winch shall be designed in a way, that a maximum torque according to amaximum pull of 1.5 times the nominal pull of the winch can be developed at reduced speed for at least 5

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minutes. In analogy the hydraulic cylinders shall be laid out for 1.5 times the nominal cylinder force. For botha calculation proof shall be provided.

3.1.7 The launch and recovery system shall be capable to safely launch and recover the submersible at theseaway conditions defined in Pt.3 Ch.1.

3.2 Dimensions

3.2.1 The calculation of the launch and recovery system as well as of the coil-up/coil-off mechanism forumbilicals shall be performed according to the principles given in the Society’s Standard for Certification No.2.22 Lifting Appliances. For this computation the system shall be considered as an offshore lifting gear.

3.2.2 If the system is equipped with shock absorbers or swell compensators approved by the Society, areduction of the working load may be dispensed with totally or partially if agreed by the Society.

3.2.3 Deviating from the design of offshore lifting gears, for the dimensioning of launch and recoverysystems a hoist load coefficient of 2.7 and a dead load coefficient of 1.5 shall be considered independently oftype and size of their safe working load. In this connection it is assumed that an employment in a seaway isrestricted to significant wave heights up to 2 m.Where it is proposed that launch or recovery operations should be performed in even more unfavourableconditions, previous agreement with the Society is necessary.

3.3 FoundationsFor design and calculation see SHIP Pt.3.

4 Equipment

4.1 Where cranes are used for launch and recovery, measures shall be taken to prevent the uncontrolled turningor slewing of the crane in a seaway. The turning or slewing gear shall be capable of holding the crane in anyposition. The gear shall also be designed to ensure that all movements are initiated and arrested smoothly.Launch and recovery systems shall be equipped to prevent excessive turning resp. swinging of thesubmersible during recovery (e.g., by the use of non-spin ropes and additional pendants).

4.2 Measures shall be provided to prevent the submersible from striking against the vessel's hull or against thelaunch and recovery gear.

4.3 Winches shall be equipped with two independent brakes. One of the brakes shall be energy independent andshall be activated in case of voltage failure.

4.4 The capacity of the brakes shall be sufficient to safely hold the dynamic test load specified in [1.9].

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4.5 The final positions of the launch and recovery system, like upper and lower hook and jib position as well asthe slewing range, shall be monitored. The starting and breaking velocities shall be controlled.

4.6 In the case the submersible is not hanging on the lifting cable, a coupling system shall be provided to enablethe submersible to be safety and efficiently coupled to and uncoupled from the launch and recovery system.

4.7 All interchangeable single components such as blocks, hooks, shackles, etc., shall conform to recognizedstandards, shall have a safety factor of 8 against fracture related to the safe working load SWL and shall bemarked with their safe working load.

4.8 The maximum static tensile stress imposed on steel wire ropes by the safe working load shall not exceed 1/8of the proven rupture strength.

4.9 The use of ropes made of fibres is only permissible in special cases and with the consent of the Society. Forthe use of natural or synthetic fibres the maximum static tensile stress imposed by the safe working loadSWL.

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SECTION 12 SUPPORTING SYSTEMS ABOARD THE SUPPORT VESSEL

1 Introduction

1.1 Objectives

1.1.1 This section describes the systems which may become necessary for the safe operation of submersiblesfrom a support vessel.

1.2 Scope

1.2.1 The following rules are valid for plants and systems which are located aboard a support vessel forsubmersibles and which are necessary for the support of the operation according to type and purpose of themission of the submersible.

1.2.2 These rules do not include requirements or recommendations with respect to the support vesselsoperation or other characteristics.

1.3 Application

1.3.1 Primarily this section shall be applied to the operation of manned autonomous and non-autonomoussubmersibles.

1.4 Procedural requirements, approval and certification

1.4.1 Control and supply systems can be included in the normal classification procedure of the supportvessel. Special functions for the operation of submersibles, like control station for non-autonomoussubmersibles, breathing gas supply, mating equipment, etc. should be proven and a product certificate issuedby the Society or a recognized organization.

1.5 Documentation

1.5.1 Documentation shall be submitted as required by Table 1 to Table 5.

Table 1 Documentation requirements for control systems


I010 Control systemphilosophy AP

I020 Control systemfunctional description AP

I100 System diagram AP

Control system

I050 Power supplyarrangement AP

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Table 2 Documentation requirements for communication systems


Z060 Functional description AP

E170 Electrical schematicdrawing AP


Communication system

Z160 Operation manual AP

Table 3 Documentation requirements for dynamic positioning systems


I010 Control systemphilosophy AP


I030 Block (topology)diagram AP

I210 Integration plan AP

Dynamic positioning system

Z201 Position keepingcapability plot

Including position balance between involvedunits FI

Table 4 Documentation requirements for supply systems



Electrical powersupply system E170 Electrical schematic

drawing AP


Hydraulic supply system S042 Hydraulic controldiagram AP


Breathing air system S041 Pneumatic controldiagram AP

Table 5 Documentation requirements for mating equipment


Z060 Functional description APMating equipment

Z010 Arrangement plan AP

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Z170 Installation manual FI

Z160 Operation manual AP


For general requirements for documentation, including definition of the info codes, see SHIP Pt.1 Ch.3 Sec.2.For a full definition of the documentation types, see SHIP Pt.1 Ch.3 Sec.3.

1.6 Survey and testing requirements during and after manufacture

1.6.1 The components of the systems shall be checked.

1.7 Survey and testing requirements during and after assembly

1.7.1 The compliance of the systems with the documentation shall be proven.

1.8 Survey and testing requirements during and after installation1.8.1 Control systemsFor the issue of a certificate for the different control systems an acceptance test for safe functioning duringnormal and emergency operation shall be made.The dynamic positioning system shall be tested together with the submersibles foreseen for practicaloperation.

1.8.2 Supply systemsFor the issue of a Certificate for the different supply systems an acceptance test for safe functioning duringnormal and emergency operation shall be made.

1.8.3 Repeated testsFor repeated tests see Pt.7 Ch.1.

1.9 Markings and signpostsFor marking of the different elements see Pt.4 Ch.1 Sec.2.

1.10 MaterialsFor materials see Pt.2 Ch.1 to Pt.2 Ch.4.

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2 Systems for control

2.1 General

2.1.1 As systems for control the control station, the communication systems to the submersible and thedynamic positioning system of the support vessel are summarized.

2.1.2 The proof of the suitability of control station and communication systems shall be given by the Society.In both cases the following requirements shall be considered.

2.2 Control station

2.2.1 All systems aboard of the support vessel which are serving for the support of the submersible shall besummarized in a control station. Special emphasize shall be given to the control station for non-autonomoussubmersibles.

2.2.2 As far as applicable, the requirements defined in Sec.6 [2] are valid for a control station aboard thesupport vessel in analogous way.

2.2.3 The following requirements shall be considered additionally:

— The power demand defined by the manufacturer of the submersible shall be made available.— The power supply of the control station for non-autonomous submersibles shall be established by two

power circuits independent from each other which can be switched over. Alternatively a direct feedingfrom the emergency switchboard of the support vessel may be provided.

— The permissible deviations of voltage and frequency according to SHIP Pt.4 Ch.8 shall not be exceeded.— For the power supply of control, monitoring and safety systems the requirements according to the SHIP

Pt.4 Ch.9 shall be met.— The minimum degrees of protection for the control station shall be provided according to the SHIP Pt.4

Ch.8.— If the control station is not located directly at the bridge, a communication system between them shall be

provided.— Between the control station and the control stand for the supply systems according to [3] to [5] a

communication system shall be established.— In the vicinity of the control station no systems or plants shall be installed which impair the monitoring

and control of the submersible.

2.2.4 For the operation of autonomous submersibles a control station is only required in reduced scope forthe supply between the missions.

2.3 Communication systems

2.3.1 As far as applicable, the requirements defined in SHIP Pt.4 Ch.9. are valid for the communicationsystems on board of the support vessel in analogous way.

2.3.2 The communication shall be done from the control station according to [2.2].

2.3.3 The energy supply for the communication system to the submersible shall be provided in analogousway to [2.2.3].

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2.3.4 [2.3.3] is only to be applied to the communication system to an autonomous submersible if thecommunication is required for a save operation.

2.4 Dynamic positioning of the support vessel

2.4.1 A ship with dynamic positioning is a vessel which automatically keeps its position (fixed location or pre-determined track) exclusively with the aid of propeller/jet drives.Especially for non-autonomous submersibles it may become necessary to provide a dynamic positioning ofthe support vessel as the submersible is connected to the support vessel via an umbilical and/or lifting cable.

2.4.2 As far as applicable, the requirements for positioning systems defined in Pt.4 Ch.2 Sec.2 [3] are validfor the support vessel in analogous way.

2.4.3 All requirements for classification of a positioning system are included in the the Society Rules forDynamic Positioning Systems in SHIP Pt.6 Ch.7 According to the degree of redundancy the Society mayassign the class notations DPS(1), DPS(2) and DPS(3).

2.4.4 The support vessel shall also meet the regulations of IMO: Guidelines for Vessels with DynamicPositioning Systems (MSC/Circ. 645).

3 Electric supply

3.1 As far as applicable, the requirements defined in Pt.4 Ch.8 are valid for the support vessel in analogous formas well as state of the art technology.

3.2 The following requirements shall be considered additionally:

— The power demand defined by the manufacturer of the submersible shall be made available at any time.The additional demand for eventual working devices shall be considered.

— If a dangerous condition for the consumer may arrive if the main supply fails, special measures shall beprovided in accordance with the Society.

— The emergency power supply on the support vesselfor non-autonomous submersibles shall be able toprovide the power demand until a safe condition of the underwater mission or surfacing is reached.

— The permissible deviations of voltage and frequency according to SHIP Pt.4 Ch.8 Sec.2 shall not beexceeded.

3.3 Besides the essential consumers listed in the SHIP Pt.4 Ch.8 the following items of electrical equipment onthe support vessel also count as essential consumers:

— emergency lighting of the areas essential for the operation of the submersible— power supply of the control station for non-autonomous submersibles— supply systems, e.g. breathing air compressor, power supply of the submersible— launch, recovery and mating equipment.

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4 Hydraulic supply

4.1 As far as applicable, the requirements defined in SHIP Pt.4 Ch.6 Sec.8 are valid for the support vessel as wellas state-of-the-art-technology.


— The demand of hydraulic oil (volume, pressure range) defined by the manufacturer of the submersibleshall be made available at any time. The additional demand for eventual working devices shall beconsidered.

— If a dangerous condition for the consumer may arrive if the main supply fails, special measures shall beprovided and to be agreed with the Society.

— If necessary, the emergency supply at missions of submersibles shall be able to provide the defined oildemand until a safe condition of the underwater mission is reached. If a dangerous condition for theconsumer may arrive if the main supply fails, special measures shall be provided and to be agreed by theSociety.

— The permissible deviations of volume and pressure shall be in accordance with the data of themanufacturer of the submersible and shall not be exceeded resp. shall not fall short of.

— The hydraulic fluid shall be suitable for the operational conditions and especially for the environmentalconditions above and under water (see Pt.3).

5 Breathing air supply

5.1 For the calculation, choice of materials and manufacturing of the compressed air system on the supportvesselthe Society’s rules SHIP Pt.4 Ch.4 are valid for the support vessel in analogous form.


— The supply pressure shall be indicated at the control station.— The demand of compressed air (volume, pressure range) defined by the manufacturer of the submersible

shall be made available at any time. The additional demand for eventual working devices shall beconsidered.

— If a dangerous condition for the consumer may arrive if the main supply fails, special measures shall beprovided in accordance with the Society. E.g. an emergency supply shall be established for the time until asafe condition of the mission respectively surfacing is reached.

— The permissible deviations of volume and pressure shall be in accordance with the data of themanufacturer of the submersible/working device and shall not be exceeded resp. shall not fall short of. Ifthe supply pressure falls short, an alarm shall be triggered at the control station.

— Between the supply system for underwater missions and the compressed air system for the operation ofthe support vessel a safe separation shall be provided.

— Measures shall be taken to hinder the entrance of seawater in the systems as far as possible.

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6 Mating Equipment

6.1 GeneralFor the transfer of divers under pressure from their working place under water to the support vessel by asubmersible with diver’s lockout/diving chamber a suitable mating equipment at the decompression chamberon board the support vessel shall be provided.The same is valid for the pre-compression of divers to their working conditions under water.

6.2 CommunicationBetween the mating equipment and the control station according to [2.2] a communication system shall beestablished.

6.3 The mating system shall enable the connection and disconnection of the submersible and the decompressionchamber to be effected easily and securely even under conditions where the vessel is rolling, pitching orlisting to permissible degrees.

6.4 Where a power actuating system is used for mating operations, an auxiliary power actuating system or anappropriate means shall be provided to connect the diving bell to the decompression chamber in the event offailure of the normal power actuating system.

6.5 The mating system shall be provided with a safety interlock between the submersible and the decompressionchamber.

6.6 Further design and construction requirements shall be agreed with the Society.

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