do now pg 91: describe how freshwater is a renewable...
TRANSCRIPT
Lesson 1.1 Earth: The Water Planet
Although the vast majority of Earth is covered in water, one in eight people lacks access to clean freshwater.
Do Now pg 91:
Describe how freshwater
is a renewable resource,
but can also be a limited
resource.
Where Is Our Water?
• Fresh water is both a
renewable resource
and a limited
resource.
• Earth’s fresh water is
distributed unequally.
How much water
people use depends
on where they live
and the time of
year.Did You Know? If all Earth’s water were in a two-
liter bottle, only about two capfuls would be
fresh, liquid water.
Lesson 14.1 Earth: The Water Planet
Surface Water
Did You Know? The Mississippi River Basin covers
3 million square kilometers (1.2 million sq mi), making
it the third largest watershed in the world. It drains
41% of the land area of the contiguous US.
Watersheds of the U.S.
Lesson 14.1 Earth: The Water Planet
• Surface water
includes still bodies
of waters and river
systems.
• Watersheds include
all of the land area
that supplies water
to a river system.
• Every waterway
defines a watershed.
Groundwater
•Groundwater seeps
through the soil and
becomes contained in
underground
aquifers.
• Aquifers are
permeable layers of
rock and soil that
hold water.
• The water table
separates the zone of
saturation from the
zone of aeration.
An Aquifer
Did You Know? The average age of groundwater
is 1400 years. Groundwater recharges very slowly.
Lesson 14.1 Earth: The Water Planet
Old Faithful, a well-known geyser in Yellowstone National Park, shoots
groundwater over 100 feet into the air many times a day.
Groundwater
• Aquifers release 1.9 trillion L (492 billion gal) of groundwater to the surface each day via springs, geysers, and wells.
Lesson 14.1 Earth: The Water Planet
Flint Michigan Water Crisis
• Describe the appearance of water in Flint, Michigan
• What toxic substance is in the water?
• Where was the contaminated water coming from?
• Why did Flint poison its citizens?
Clean Water is Everyone's Problem
• What is the number 2 killer of children under five?
• 1 untreated toilet in Haiti sickened _____ people.
• What helps clean the water and treat waste?
Water Quality Activity• Characteristics of Water
• Water quality is determined by the many biological, chemical, and physical characteristics of a water sample. Two characteristics—water temperature and pH—can be measured easily and give a quick initial overview of water quality.
• Water Temperature
• Unusual water temperatures can signal pollution problems. Water temperature affects the amounts of dissolved gases and minerals in the water. In general, colder water holds more dissolved oxygen, whereas warmer water tends to be oxygen poor. The concentration of dissolved gases directly affects the diversity and number of organisms that can live in an aquatic system.
• pH
• pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. On a scale ranging from 0 to 14, a pH of less than 7 is acidic, greater than 7 is alkaline, or basic, and 7 is neutral. Most aquatic plants and animals require water pH in a very small range somewhere between 6.5 and 9.0. pH is affected by many factors, including precipitation, temperature, and dissolved gases. Unpolluted rain is slightly acidic (pH 5–6); acid rain is more so. During photosynthesis, aquatic plants remove carbon dioxide from water, raising the pH. Changes in pH can directly affect organism survival.
Water Fountain vs. Mystery Water vs. Bottled Water
• Water source
• Temperature
• Describe the color and clarity of the water
• pH test: if paper turns red = acidic
• General water condition (note anything unusual, such as strong odor, lots of particles in water):
Pg 91 in journals!!!
Lab Questions pg 91-92
• Analyze Data Look at the readings of pH and temperature for each sample. Which sample had a higher temperature?
• Evaluate Review the information you recorded about the collection site. What factors in the environment, if any, might have influenced water temperature and pH? Explain your reasoning.
• Based on the evidence, which source would you drink from?
Bookwork
• Read pages 420-425
• Answer questions 1-3 on page 425
• Write answers in journal on page 91
Day 2
Lesson 14.2 Uses of Fresh Water
One third of all the people on Earth are affected by water shortages.
Do Now page 93:
Create a policy that
Duval county could
enact in order to
conserve water
throughout the
county.
How We Use Water
Lesson 14.2 Uses of Fresh Water
• Three main uses of fresh
water include:
• Agricultural
• Industrial
• Personal
Did You Know? The average
American uses 250 L of fresh water a
day for personal uses, such as
bathing and brushing teeth.
Reservoir
A large natural or artificial lakeused as a sourceof water supply
Taum Sauk Hydroelectric Power Station
Using Surface Water
• Most freshwater used in the U.S. is surface water.
• Surface water is diverted by canals and dams.
• Drought and overuse have caused significant surface water depletion.
Did You Know? The Aral
Sea was once the fourth
largest body of fresh water.
Lesson 14.2 Uses of Fresh Water
China’s 3 Gorges Dam Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtgOntg0ofc
Using Groundwater
• 68% of groundwater in the U.S. is used for
irrigation, most of which is very inefficient.
• Groundwater mining turns groundwater into a
nonrenewable resource because it is withdrawn
from the ground faster than it can be replaced.
• When groundwater is
depleted, the falling water
tables can cause cities to
sink, and undrinkable
saltwater to move into the
depleted aquifers.
Lesson 14.2 Uses of Fresh Water
Desalination
Solutions to Freshwater Depletion
• Increase supply:
• Desalination: “Making” fresh water by removing salt from saltwater.
• Decrease demand:
• Agricultural: Drip-irrigation, climate-appropriate plants
• Industrial: Water-conserving processes, recycling wastewater to cool machinery.
• Personal: Xeriscaping, water conservation
Lesson 14.2 Uses of Fresh Water
Xeriscaping
Landscape (an area) in a style which requires little or no irrigation
Northern California xeriscaping