Do Now: Roaring 20’s Vocabulary Quiz

1. Normalcy2. Speculation3. Buy on margin4. Installment buying5. Laissez faire6. Great Migration7. Demographics8. Per capital income9. Harlem Renaissance10. fundamentalism

A. Average income per personB. What is usual/normalC. Risk-taking for profitD. Hands off approach to

economyE. Period of African American

artistic expressionF. wave of immigrants to citiesG. Statistics on populationH. Christian religious movementI. Borrowing money to buy

stocksJ. Paying for an item over time

THE ROARING TWENTIES

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES:

• Red Scare• Nativism• Economic Boom &

Bust• Isolationism• Changes in society• Cultural Conflict

The Red Scare

The Russian Revolution:Installation of the Communist government

Communism was openly hostile to American values and beliefs

Schenck v. U.S. (1919):Government can limit free speech

when there is a “clear & presentdanger” to the nation

Palmer Raids:Government action to identify and

root out groups who posed a threat to the nation

Sacco & Vanzetti Trial

• Gunmen robbed and killed a guard and paymaster at a shoe factory.

• Two Italian immigrants were arrested in connection with the crime.

• Both were carrying guns, one was the same model as the murder weapon.

• Many suspected that they were accused because they were immigrants.

• Ultimately, both men were convicted and electrocuted.

Red Scares America

The Republican Presidency Warren G. Harding

Foreign Policy

Isolationism:Avoid political and economic

alliances with foreignnations

Fordney-McCumber Tariff:raised rates on import tariffs.discouraged imports on items

made by new American industries

Disarmament:Nations voluntarily give up their

Weapons or limit size.At the Washington Conference, Several major nations signed

Treaties limiting the size of theirNavies.

President Harding

Immigration

Nativism: Grew stronger following

World War I

Immigrants might hold dangerous political ideas

that may hurt our government

Congress limited immigration through passage of the Quota system, limiting

the number of immigrantsentering the US fromeach foreign nation

SCANDALS

CORRUPTION One official had stolen

government funds Others took bribes for

help in getting contracts approved or laws passed

Harding regularly held Poker parties in the basement of the White House and served bootlegged alcohol

TEAPOT DOME Secretary of Interior,

Albert Fall, secretly gave oil drilling rights on government land to 2 private companies in return for illegal payments and gifts

No direct evidence that Harding knew or was involved in the scandal

The Coolidge Presidency

Laissez Faire “The business of the

American people is business”

The government should not interfere with the growth of business

This policy fueled the economic boom of the 1920’s

Some viewed the policy as a failure to take action

Kellogg-Briand Pact Coolidge continued the

isolationist policies of Harding

Under the pact, 15 nations agreed not to use threat of war to settle difference.

A good idea, but not realistic because it had no provision for enforcement

A BUSINESS BOOM

CAUSES OF THE CONSUMER ECONOMY: depends on a large amount of buying

Installment plan: lets consumers make partial payments over a period of time

Electric power: increased demand for new household appliances

Assembly line: reduced the time to produce goods and increased that amount of goods available for purchase

$$ Consumer Economy $$

Society in the 1920’s:Women

• Flapper: young, bold, rebellious woman of the 20’s

• Single women began working until marriage

• Although women could vote, they seldom did and did not change politics

Women….

HARLEM RENAISSANCE

Harlem Renaissance: African American literary awakening; wrote about African American culture and heritage

Lost Generation: group of writers who were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked values

CULTURE AND CONFLICT:PROHIBITION

Bootleggers: suppliers of illegal alcohol

Speakeasies: illegal bars

Growth of organized crime: began as efficient organizations that controlled the distribution of alcohol.

Later expanded into gambling, prostitution, and racketeering.

Life of Organized Crime

CULTURE & CONFLICT:RELIGION

• Clash between traditionalists and fundamentalism challenged beliefs:– Science and technology in everyday life– Modern society caused people to question

existence of God– Scholars cited contradictions in history and

the bible

SCOPES TRIAL: brought the conflict to Court over issue of teaching evolution in school

CULTURE AND CONFLICT:RACIAL TENSIONS

• The Great Migration caused tension in Northern cities between whites & blacks.

• By 1924, KKK membership had grown to 4 million.

• KKK was no longer a southern organization

• In 1925, the violence diminished when the head of the Indiana Klan was imprisoned for life

CULTURE & CONFLICT:FIGHTING DISCRIMINATION

• NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

• Marcus Garvey: dreamed of a new homeland where African Americans can live in peace– UNIA: Universal Negro Improvement

Association sought to build up African American self-respect and economic power

– Urged African Americans to return to Africa