do now rock cycle and types of rocks hill science 6 earth processes

DO NOWRock Cycle and Types of Rocks

Hill Science 6Earth Processes

DO NOW • 1. What type of rock is created when molten

rock cools and hardens?

• 2. What type of rock is created when existing rock is changed by heat and pressure?

• 3. What type of rock is created when rock is weathered, eroded, deposited, compacted and cemented?

DO NOW • 1. What type of rock is created when molten

rock cools and hardens?– igneous

• 2. What type of rock is created when existing rock is changed by heat and pressure?– metamorphic

• 3. What type of rock is created when rock is weathered, eroded, deposited, compacted and cemented?– sedimentary

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• 1. What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?– Explain how each is formed in your answer– Give an example of each type of sedimentary rock

DO NOW 1. What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?– Explain how each is formed in your answer– A. Clastic – clasts or rock fragments that are

compacted and cemented together by calcite or quartz ( sandstone, breccia, conglomerate, shale)

– B. Organic – made from the remains of plants or animals (coal, coquina, chalk)

– C. Chemical – made when water evaporates and minerals crystallize or when minerals precipitate out of water (limestone, calcite, halite – rock salt))

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• What are the two types of igneous rock and how are they formed?

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• What are the two types of igneous rock and how are they formed?– A. Extrusive – exited the Earth to cool on Earth’s

surface– B. Intrusive – magma cooled inside the Earth.• Quick cooling produces small grains while slow cooling

produces large grains in the rock

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• 1. Give an example of a rock that was formed when molten rock cooled quickly. What proves the rock cooled quickly?

• 2. Give an example of a rock that formed when magma cooled very slowly. What characteristics of the rock support your answer?

DO NOW • 1. Give an example of a rock that was formed

when molten rock cooled quickly. What proves the rock cooled quickly?– Obsidian, pumice, basalt – very small crystals, if any,

showing the rock did not have time for crystals to form.

• 2. Give an example of a rock that formed when magma cooled very slowly. What characteristics of the rock support your answer? – Granite – large crystals indicate the rock cooled

slowly allowing the minerals to form together to create the large grains in the rock.

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• What are the two types of metamorphic rock with explanation?

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• What are the two types of metamorphic rock with explanation?– Foliated – have mineral grains arranged in planes

or bands, some may be wavy– Nonfoliated – mineral grains are not arranged in

planes or bands because made of one or few minerals in rock

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• 1. If you were looking for fossils in your yard and the rock type around your home was metamorphic do you think you would find many fossils? Explain

• Answer: 1)Answer yes or no you would(not) find fossils in the rocks around your home if the rock was metamorphic.

• 2)Where do fossils form? (sedimentary)• 3) Why can metamorphic rock NOT have fossils?– (formed far below Earth’s surface, acted upon by heat

and pressure)

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• What is always happening to rock on Earth and how long does this take?– Think Rock Cycle – thousands to millions of years– Weathering, erosion, sediments, deposition,

compaction, cementation, uplift, metamorphism (heat and pressure), melting

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• 1. A mountain range is located at a boundary where two tectonic plates are colliding. Explain whether most of the metamorphic rock in and under the mountain range would be a product of contact metamorphism or regional metamorphism. – Contact metamorphism occurs where rock touches magma.

Regional metamorphism is where rock is changed by heat and pressure over a large area. Most of the metamorphic rock in the mountain range would be formed by regional metamorphism because it is a whole area where plates are colliding and causing heat and pressure to change the minerals in the rock. There is no indication that magma is touching the rock in the mountains.

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• 2. Suppose you have two metamorphic rocks, one with garnet crystals and one with chlorite crystals. Explain and support which rock formed at a deeper level in the Earth’s crust.

• HINT:– Look at the diagram in your Metamorphic Rock

packet (pg 21).

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Bituminous Coal: Bituminous coal is typically a banded sedimentary rock. In this photo you can see bright and dull bands of coal material oriented horizontally across the specimen. The bright bands are well preserved woody material, such as branches or stems. The dull bands can contain: mineral material washed into the swamp by streams, charcoal produced by fires in the swamp, or degraded plant materials. This specimen is approximately three inches across (7.5 centimeters). Photo by the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey.

What type of rock is coal?

Organic sedimentary

DO NOWIdentify the rock on the left. Name and identify the type of rock

it metamorphoses into on the right.

Name and type of rock? Name and type of rock?

Limestone – chemical sedimentary becomes marble - nonfoliated metamorphic




Sandstone – clastic sedimentary becomes quartzite – nonfoliated metamorphic




Granite – intrusive igneous becomes gneiss – foliated metamorphic




Shale – clastic sedimentary becomes slate – foliated metamorphic