Slide 1

Do Now When a person collapses for any reason, what is the first thing medical professionals try to determine? Whether the person is breathing or not. Why is this the top priority versus whether the heart is pumping? The heart is useless unless it has fresh oxygen to push around. This is why if someone is choking, removing the object is the top priority.

Slide 2

Homework & classwork today Research papers were last night. Either I get them or your grade suffers. I am not chasing them down. Homework for Tuesday: Re-read pages 957 961, deals with cholesterol Also, Read pages 963-965 (The Respiratory System)

Slide 3

Blood pressure review Explain why the Blood Pressure important? What is the difference between Diastolic & Systolic pressures? Is a blood pressure of 156 / 112 good or bad? Explain

Slide 4

Blood pressure Explain why the Blood Pressure important? It determines the amount of pressure within the arteries. Someone that has hypertension (Hyper meaning high or a lot) typically has a Blood Pressure (BP) diastolic (the bottom number) of greater than 100. For Example 144/100 What is the top number called? The Systolic Pressure (the top number) measures the force within the arteries when the ventricles contract. What is the bottom number called? The Diastolic Pressure measures the force or pressure when the arteries are at rest (or when the heart is filling up).

Slide 5

Coronary Artery disease The block acts just like a garden hose. When you put your thumb over the end the pressure increases. If completely blocked, pressure builds up in the hose (your artery) and can cause the heart to react.

Slide 6

Circulatory System & Disease There are three common circulatory diseases: 1. Heart Disease (clogging of the arteries) 2. Stroke 3. High Blood pressure All are bad, no one is better than the other and they can overlap. For example high blood pressure can lead to heart disease and stroke. Heart disease we already discussed, the heart needs a fresh supply of O 2 especially to the coronary arteries (those that feed the heart itself)

Slide 7

Circulatory System & Disease Heart disease we already discussed, the heart needs a fresh supply of O 2 especially to the coronary arteries (those that feed the heart itself) Artherosclerosis is caused by the build up of plaque (fat / cholesterol) on the artery walls. Over time, the build up will restrict the flow of blood causing the pressure within the artery to go up. Chest pain called Angina is a sign of restricted blood flow and if left untreated can lead to a heart attack and / or tissue death of the heart muscle known as heart failure. It can damage the SA and AV nodes which will interrupt the coordination of the Atrium / Ventricle contractions.

Slide 8

Circulatory System & Disease Signs & symptoms of a Heart attack are: Sweating Nausea Chest Pain Radiating pain typically down the left arm, but can be in the neck, back, left & right arms Shortness of breath It could eventually lead to a rupture of the artery or vessel else where in the body Stroke It is the sudden onset of brain death (lack of O2 in the brain) due to a disruption of blood (O2 rich blood).

Slide 9

Circulatory System & Disease Signs & symptoms of a Stroke: Numbness on one side of the body Facial dropping Weakness on one side of the body Inability to speak, smile, move the tongue side to side The stroke can lead to paralysis inability to move one side of ones body. High Blood pressure Higher than 90 for the diastolic (that number differs). So 144 / 96 would be considered high Blood Pressure.

Slide 10

Circulatory System & Disease Typically caused by people eating a high cholesterol diet (fast food for example). It can also be a genetic thing. Heart disease runs in families as well as in certain ethnic groups and regions of the country. For example: Heart disease is more common in the South than in Colorado

Slide 11

Connecting the heart & lungs The entry way to the respiratory system is the mouth & nose. The entire system consists of: Nose Mouth Pharynx (back of the throat) Trachea (the thing in the movies that people are always so eager to cut into to save someones life if they are choking). Sometimes called the wind-pipe. Bronchi (grape shaped objects that exchange oxygen & carbon dioxide inside the lungs) The lungs

Slide 12

Connecting the heart & lungs The nose and the mouth allow air to flow into the body but they also act as a filter to remove particles from entering the lungs. The pharynx is the area that connects the nasal cavity and the oral cavity. The trachea is the rigid tube between the pharynx and the lungs. The larynx aka the vocal cords. They are contained between the pharynx & the trachea. They create sound by vibrating and moving closer together. To keep food from going into the lungs, there is a flap called the Epiglottis. It allows air into the lungs and food to pass by the lungs and go to the digestive system.

Slide 13

The Lungs The lungs are made of five lobes. The tubes splitting the lungs are called the bronchi. When someone gets bronchitis, what is happening? The bronchi are irritated and inflamed. Remember itis means swelling of. They get inflamed and filled with fluid and if left untreated can lead to pneumonia. Within these the bronchi are grape like structures called alveoli. These are where the O 2 / CO 2 exchange actually occur.

Slide 14

The gas exchange O2 binds with the hemoglobin and then transports the O2 from alveoli to the capillaries. The CO2 diffuses in three different ways: 1. Most enters the red blood cells and combines with water to form carbonic acid (which is waste product). 2. Others bind with plasma 3. The rest will bind with hemoglobin & proteins Once in the lungs (Alveoli) the process is reversed.

Slide 15

Inhalation & exhalation Surrounding the lungs are thin sacs almost like balloons. Below the lungs is a muscle called the diaphragm. The diaphragm helps to push air out as well as acting like a vacuum to pull air in. For example when someone is choking they try to expel the foreign object with the Heimlich maneuver.