do now: write 2 level two questions for chemistry ntk
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTKQuestions for Chemistry NTK
![Page 2: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SEPTEMBER 17SEPTEMBER 17PROPERTIES OF WATERPROPERTIES OF WATER
• DO NOW: Homework Check in
• Learning Target: Explain the properties of water that make life on Earth possible
• Lesson: Notes on Water
• Homework: Bozeman Video on water (see Link) and complete water and the fitness of the environment.
![Page 3: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Acids, Bases and pHAcids, Bases and pHOne water molecule in 550 million One water molecule in 550 million
naturally dissociates into a naturally dissociates into a Hydrogen Ion (H+) and a Hydroxide Hydrogen Ion (H+) and a Hydroxide Ion (OH-)Ion (OH-)
Hydrogen Ion Hydroxide IonHydrogen Ion Hydroxide Ion Acid Acid BaseBase
H2O H+ + OH-
![Page 4: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The pH ScaleThe pH Scale• Indicates the concentration of Hconcentration of H++
ionsions• Ranges from 0 – 140 – 14• pH of 7 is neutral7 is neutral• pH 0 up to 7 is acid 0 up to 7 is acid … H+ • pH above 7 – 14 is babove 7 – 14 is basic… OH- • Each pH unit represents a factor
of 10X 10X change in concentration• pH 3 is 10 x 10 x 10 (1000) pH 3 is 10 x 10 x 10 (1000)
stronger than a pH of 6stronger than a pH of 6
![Page 5: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
AcidsAcids
• StrongStrong Acids Acids have a have a pH of pH of 1-31-3
• Produce Produce lots of lots of H H+ + ionsions
![Page 6: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BasesBases
• Strong Strong Bases Bases have a pH of 11 to 14 11 to 14
• Contain lots of OHlots of OH--
ions ions and fewer H+ ions
![Page 7: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
BuffersBuffers
• Weak acids or bases that react Weak acids or bases that react with strong acids or bases to with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH (neutralization).in pH (neutralization).
• Produced naturally by the body Produced naturally by the body to maintain homeostasisto maintain homeostasis
Weak AcidWeak Acid Weak BaseWeak Base
![Page 9: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chapter 4~Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life
Slide shows combined and modified from:http://gbs.glenbrook.k12.il.us/Academics/gbssci/bio/apbio/Lecture/lecture.htm;http://www.explorebiology.com/
![Page 10: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Organic chemistry is the study of CARBON compounds
• Can form FOUR stable covalent
bonds at same time (=tetravalence)• Common partners = O, H, N
![Page 12: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
4 covalent CARBON BONDS form a shape called a TETRAHEDRON
Tetrahedron modified from: http://faculty.uca.edu/~johnc/mole1440.htm
![Page 13: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Images from: http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/chemhydrocarbon.htm
TETRAVALENCE makes large complex molecules with a variety of shapes possible
http://nrr.georgetown.edu/NRR/struc,actv.html
![Page 14: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
AP Biology by Campbell and Reese; ©Benjamin Cummings 2005
![Page 15: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons• Only carbon & hydrogen
(Ex: petroleum; lipid ‘tails’)
• Covalent bonding;
• nonpolar
• High energy storage
http://www.world-petroleum.org/education/petref/index.html
![Page 16: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Carbon compoundsCarbon compoundsSkeleton may have single or double
bonds
http://telstar.ote.cmu.edu/Hughes/tutorial/cellmembranes/
![Page 17: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
AP Biology by Campbell and Reese; ©Benjamin Cummings 2005
![Page 18: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ISOMERS-ISOMERS-compounds that compounds that have the same have the same number of atoms but number of atoms but different structuresdifferent structures
![Page 19: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
STRUCTURAL isomersSTRUCTURAL isomers differing covalent bonding differing covalent bonding arrangementarrangement
C6H12O6 C6H12O
6
C6H12O6
http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.htmlhttp://217.60.75.10/llt/biokemi/images/galactose.jpghttp://217.60.75.10/llt/biokemi/images/galactose.jpg
![Page 20: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
GEOMETRIC isomers - GEOMETRIC isomers - differ in differ in
arrangement around a DOUBLE BONDarrangement around a DOUBLE BOND
trans- form cis- formhttp://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/isomerism/geometric.html
![Page 21: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Be Careful! Be Careful! Single bonds can rotate! Single bonds can rotate!
. . . it’s still the same stuff. . . it’s still the same stuff
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/isomerism/geometric.html
![Page 22: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ENANTIOMER isomers - ENANTIOMER isomers - differ in arrangement around a differ in arrangement around a ASYMMETRIC carbonASYMMETRIC carbon
. . . Mirror images. . . Mirror imagesAP Biology by Campbell and Reese; ©Benjamin Cummings 2005
![Page 23: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
• Hydroxyl Group
Ex: alcohols • polar (oxygen);• soluble in water Names typically end in -ol
Ex: Ethanol
![Page 28: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
•Carbonyl Group
KETONE:within carbon skeletonALDEHYDE:at end of carbon skeleton
![Page 29: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
GLUCOSE is an ALDEHYDEGLUCOSE is an ALDEHYDEFRUCTOSE is a KETONEFRUCTOSE is a KETONE
http://61039206.sinagirl.com/carbohydate.JPGhttp://web1.caryacademy.org/chemistry/rushin/StudentProjects/CompoundWebSites/1999/Sucrose/sucrose_structure.gif
GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE
![Page 30: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
•Carboxyl Group
• Ex: carboxylic acids;• polar
![Page 31: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
• Amino Group
• Called: amines
• Ex: amino acids(have both amino & carboxyl groups)
http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch106-05/common.htm
![Page 32: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
H |
R -C -COO- |
+NH3
Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
• Amino Group Can act as a base and pick up a H+ ion
• Carboxyl Groupcan act as an acid andgive up a H+ ion
![Page 33: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Functional GroupsFunctional Groups• Sulfhydral Group
• Called: thiols•
http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Disulfide_bridge.htm
![Page 34: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
DISULFIDE BRIDGESDISULFIDE BRIDGES
• Disulfide bridges stabilize protein
structure
http://www.britannica.com/ebc/art-3207/Conformation-of-lysozyme
LYSOZYME
![Page 35: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
Phosphate Group phosphate ion
• Makes moleculenegatively charged
• Can store & transfer energy ~ ATP
![Page 36: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
METHYL Group • Makes molecule more
NON-POLAR
• METHYLATION:Adding methyl groups to DNA “turns off” genes
http://students.cis.uab.edu/rmeghana/methylation.html
![Page 37: DO NOW: Write 2 Level Two Questions for Chemistry NTK](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8adc6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
BUILDING BIOMOLECULESBUILDING BIOMOLECULES
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/biokit/chnops.html