Do oligomers damage membranes?

Oligomers bind to vesicle membranes (in vitro incubation with ex-vivo or artificial lipids)

Brain derived lipids

Phosphatidylglycerol

E57K mutant promotes the formation of ring-like structures (in vitro incubation with lipid monolayer)

Disrupting the organization between -helix and -sheet strands improves the formation of oligomers versus fibrils, making the -synuclein more toxic

Can -synuclein oligomers cause mitochondrial damage in PD?

Overexpression of -syn induces mitochondrial fragmentation

-syn dependent mitochondrial fragmentation precedes mitochondrial dysfunction…

…and neuronal death

-syn disrupts intramitochondrial structure in vitro and…