Biology Life uses Energy Review Sheet

1. What is the formula for photosynthesis?6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

2. What is the main source of energy for plants?sunlight

3. Explain which has the most energy ATP, ADP, or AMP.ATP because it has three phosphates and the bond on the third phosphate holds the most energy. Once the bond is broken it has two phosphates (diphosphate means two phosphates) and has less energy to offer

4. What type of cell does photosynthesis occur in? Plant cells

5. Draw and label a chloroplast. Where do the light and dark reactions occur in the chloroplast.Light reactions: thylakoid membraneDark reactions: stromaThe high concentration of H+ is in the thylakoid

6. Draw a picture of what happens in the light reactions of photosynthesis. Include: water, electron chain, H+, O2, sunlight, NADPH, ATP, ATP synthase

7. Summarize what happens in the light reaction.The energy from sunlight splits H2O into H+, O2, and an electron. The electron travels through the electron transport chain and creates NADPH. The high concentration of H+ in the thylakoid goes through the ATP synthase which turns it like a rotary and causes it to create ATP.

8. Why is it called the light reaction?It requires light

9. Draw a picture of what happens in the dark reactions. Include: CO2, glucose, NADPH, NADP+, ADP, ATP

10. Summarize what happens in the dark reaction.CO2 enters the Calvin Cycle. Energy from ATP and NADPH rearranges the CO2 molecules to create glucose (sugar)

11. What type of cell does cellular respiration occur in?Can occur in prokaryotes but we emphasize eukaryotes because they have organelles (like the all-important mitochondria)

12. What is the formula for cellular respiration?1C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 32ATP

13. What are the three steps of cellular respiration?(1) Glycolysis, (2) krebs cycle, (3)electron transport chain

14. Draw and label a mitochondria. Label where each of the steps of cellular respiration occur.

Glycolysis occurs outside of the mitochondria in the cytoplasmThe krebs cycle occurs inside of the mitochondrial matrixThe electron transport chain occurs in the inner membrane

The high concentration of H+ is in the intermembrane space

15. Illustrate what occurs in glycolysis. 6-carbon Glucose is split into two pyruvates (3-carbon molecules). Requires NAD+ , ATP, and ADP

16. Illustrate what occurs in the Krebs cycle.

The pyruvate becomes acetyl-Coa, is sent into the mitochondriaand enters the krebs cycle. CO2, NADH, FADH2, and ATP are released.17. Illustrate what occurs in the electron transport chain.

18. What are the main products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?The main products of cellular respiration are CO2 and ATP (water is a byproduct, meaning it isn’t the main product). The main products of photosynthesis are glucose and O2.

19. How do cellular respiration and photosynthesis work together?The products from photosynthesis are the inputs of cellular respiration. The products of cellular respiration are the inputs of photosynthesis. The two processes cycle into each other and drive each other.

20. Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. Plant and animal cells have almost all the same organelles. They both have mitochondria, cell membranes, endoplasmic reticulums, and nuclei (plural for nucleus). Their differences are that animal cells have many small vacuoles and plant cells have one large vacuole. Plant cells also have chloroplasts and a cell wall. Plant cells can do photosynthesis to create their own glucose whereas animal cells must consume glucose.

21. Why is fermentation important?When a cell is out of oxygen (crucial for cellular respiration to work and make ATP), the cell uses glycolysis and fermentation to create ATP. Glycolysis makes 2 ATP per glucose but needs NAD+ to work. Fermentation creates NAD+ and also some ATP.

22. What type of cells does fermentation occur in?

Fermentation happens in all cells: eukaryotes (plant cells, animal cells) and prokaryotes. Some examples are your muscle cells, yeast, and bacteria.

23. What is the main purpose of fermentation?To create ATP during anaerobic conditions (no oxygen) and provide the glycolysis pathway with NAD+

24. What are the two types of fermentation and what are their products?

Lactic acid fermentation: NAD+, ATP, lactic acid

Alcohol fermentation: NAD+, ATP, alcohol (ethanol), CO2

25. Everyone will be given one opportunity to retake this test. What is the best way for you to study for this test?Flash cards, reading study guide, testing self, making practice questions, testing friends, reading notes to family/friends, rewriting notes, creating mini posters…. good luck guys