A Glossary of Computer Oriented Abbreviations and Acronyms

Version 96C

Copyright ©: 1989-1996.......Irving Kind.......All Rights

Reserved

READ THIS PAGE FIRST! First compiled when I became frustrated while reading magazinearticles, help wanted ads and equipment for sale brochures....allpertaining to computers....where the following Abbreviations andAcronyms were used and their meanings were either not known to meor were not immediately available. I have actually seen (or havebeen told about) these combinations of letters used at one time oranother in magazines, newspapers, handbooks, etc. They apply topersonal computers, multimedia, communications, programming,networking, etc......you name it. This glossary can never beconsidered complete and that is why I now request your help. Lookover the definitions and let me have your feedback. If you haveever seen letter combinations that you also did not understand,please drop me a note at the address below. Also, if you find anyerrors, obsolete information or can suggest any additions ordeletions, they will be most welcome. If you can help, you have mythanks in advance. Keep BABEL on your computer or print it out and keep it onyour desk. Either way, you will have an outstanding reference.BABEL is revised three times a year, in January, May and Septemberso as to keep you up-to-date. You may download the latest versionof BABEL from your favorite BBS or from the Internet. SeeAPPENDIX A for description of methods that may be used to obtainBABEL via the Internet...NOTE CHANGES TO RECEIVE LATEST VERSIONS! Letter groups followed with " * " were used before 1965. Atsome of these, I have noted historical information. For a briefinterpretation of "smiley faces" and other informal expressions

used in electronic mail messages, see APPENDIX B. For a partiallist of Country Domain Names, see APPENDIX C. BABEL is not public domain. Permission is hereby granted toany individual or public institution to redistribute BABEL; only inits entirety and provided it is distributed without ANY modificationto also include this opening page, copyright and version notices,and format. It may not be incorporated into any other document, orpublished, or sold (for profit or otherwise), without my expresswritten permission. Any questions concerning these restrictionsshould only be made in writing and mailed to address shown below. And please remember to ECAL. Irving Kind Internet: ikind@mcimail.com c/o K & D One Church Lane Baltimore, MD 21208 Jan 1996 version = BABEL96A Jan 1997 version = BABEL97AMay 1996 version = BABEL96B May 1997 version = BABEL97BSep 1996 version = BABEL96C Sep 1997 version = BABEL97C

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AA Auto AnswerAAB All-to-All BroadcastAAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption LayerAAP Applications Access Point [DEC]AAS All-to-All ScatterAASP ASCII Asynchronous Support PackageAAT Average Access TimeABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes)ABEND Abnormal EndABI Application Binary InterfaceABIOS Advanced BIOSABIST Automatic Built-In Self-Test [IBM]ABLE Adaptive Battery Life ExtenderABR Available Bit Rate

ABRS Automated Book Request System [British Library]ABS AbsoluteABT AbortABTS ASCII Block Terminal ServicesAC Autocheck + Automatic Computer + Alternating CurrentACC AccumulatorACD Automated Call Distribution + Automatic Call DistributorACDI Asynchronous Communications Device InterfaceACE Advanced Computing Environment [SCO] + Adverse Channel Enhancements [Microcom] + * Automatic Computing EngineACF Access Control Field + Advanced Communications FunctionACH Automated Clearing HouseACIAS Automated Calibration Interval Analysis SystemACIS American Committee for Interoperable SystemsACK AcknowledgmentACL Access Control ListACM Association for Computing Machinery Audio Compression Manager [Microsoft]ACMS Application Control Management SystemACP Ancillary Control Program + Auxillary Control ProcessACROSS Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service SystemACS Access + Access Control Set + Access Control System + Asynchronous Communication ServerACTS Automated Computer Time ServiceACTT Advanced Communication and Timekeeping Technology [Seiko]ACU Automatic Calling UnitA/D Analog to DigitalADA Automatic Data Acquisitions + Programming Language named after Augusta Ada Lovelace)ADB Apple Desktop BusADC Adaptive Data Compression (protocol) [Hayes] + Add with Carry + Analog to Digital ConverterADCCP Advanced Data Communication Control ProceduresADD Automatic Document Detection [WordPerfect]ADF Automatic Document Feeder + Automatically Defined Function.ADF Adapter Description File (file name extension)

ADI AutoCad Device Interface (driver)ADL Address Data LatchADLAT Adaptive Lattice FilterADLC Adaptive Lossless Data Compression [IBM] + Asynchronous Data Link ControlADMACS Apple Document Mangagement And Conrol SystemADMD Administrative Management Domain [X.400].ADN Add In Utility (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC]ADP Automatic Data ProcessingADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code ModulationADR AddressADS Application Development Solutions [AT&T] + Application Development System + Automatic Distribution SystemADSC Address Status Changed + Adobe Document Structuring ConventionsADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber LineADSR Attack, Decay, Sustain, ReleaseADT Application Data TypesADU Automatic Dialing UnitAE Above or EqualAEB Analog Expansion Bus [Dialogic]AF Auxiliary carry FlagAFA Accelerated File AccessAFC Automatic Font Change + Automatic Frequency ControlAFD Automatic File DistributionAFII Association for Font Information InterchangeAFIRM Automated Fingerprint Image Reporting and MatchAFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification System.AFM Adobe Font Metrics (file name extension) [Adobe Systems]AFP Appletalk Filing Protocol [Macintosh]AFS Andrew File System (protocols)AFTP Anonymous File Transfer ProtocolAGC Automatic Gain ControlAGRAS Antiglare-Antireflective-AntistaticAGU Address-Generation UnitAI Analog Input + Artificial IntelligenceAIA Applications Integration Architecture [DEC]AIC AIXwindows Interface Composer [IBM]AIF Audio Interchange FormatAIIM Association for Information and Image ManagementAIN Advanced Intelligent Network [Bell Atlantic]

AIS Automated Identification System [NCIC]AISB Association of Imaging Service BureausAISP Association of Information Systems ProfessionalsAIX Advanced Interactive Executive [IBM]ALC Arithmetic and Logic Circuits + Automatic Level ControlALE Address Latch EnableALGOL Algorithmic Oriented Language (see IAL)ALIBI Adaptive Location of Internetworked Bases of InformationALINK Active Link [HTML]ALIWEB Archie Like Indexing in the Web [Internet]ALN Asynchronous Learning NetworkALR Advanced Logic Research, Inc.ALT Alternate (mode)ALT. Alternate lifestyle [USENET Newsgroup Category]ALU Arithmetic Logic UnitAMANDDA Automated Messaging and Directory AssistanceAMD Active Matrix Display + Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.AMI American Megatrends, Inc.AMMA Advanced Memory Management Architecture [Everex Systems]AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone ServiceANCOVA Analysis of CovarianceANDF Architecture-Neutral Distribution FormatANI Automatic Number Identification.ANI Animated Cursor (file name extension) [Microsoft]ANN Artificial Neural Network.ANN Annotations (file name extension) [IBM]ANOVA Analysis Of VarianceANSI American National Standards InstituteAO Analog OutputAOCE Apple Open Collaboration EnvironmentAOE Application Operating Environment [AT&T]AOL America OnlineAOS Add Or SubtractAP Adjunct Processor + Application ProcessorA/P Accounts PayableAPA Adaptive Packet Assembly + All Points Addressable + Arithmetic Processing AcceleratorAPAR Authorized Program Analysis Report [IBM]APAREN Address Parity Enable [IBM]

APCUG Association of PC User GroupsAPI Application Program InterfaceAPIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (bus) [Intel]APIS Advanced Passenger Information SystemAPL A Programming Language (Mathematics)APM Advanced Power Management [IBM OS2].APP Application (file name extension) [R:Base]APPC Advanced Program-to-Program Communications [IBM]APPI Advanced Peer-to-Peer InternetworkingAPPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking [IBM]APPS ApplicationsAPRP Adaptive Pattern Recognition ProcessingAPS Advanced Photo System + Advanced Printing Service [IBM] Asynchronous Protocol SpecificationAPSE ADA Programming Support EnvironmentAPT Address Pass Through + Advanced Parallel Technology + Automatically Programmed ToolsA/R Accounts ReceivableARA AppleTalk Remote AccessARAG Antireflective-AntiglareARAS Antireflective-Antistatic.ARC Archive (file name extension)ARCA Advanced RISC Computing ArchitectureARCnet Attached Resource Computer Network.ARJ Compressed File (file name extension) [Jung]ARL Adjusted Ring LengthARLL Advanced Run Length LimitedARM Advanced RISC Machine (processor) + Annotated Reference Manual + Asynchronous Response ModeARMA Association of Records Managers and AdministratorsARP Address Resolution Protocol [Novell]ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency NetworkARPL Adjust Requested Privilege LevelARTA Apple Real Time ArchitectureARTIC A Real-Time Interface Copressor [IBM]ARTS Asynchronous Remote Takeover ServerARTT Asynchronous Remote Takeover TerminalARQ Automatic Repeat RequestARU Audio Response UnitAS Autonomous System [Internet]ASAP As Soon As Possible + Automatic Switching And Processing

AS3AP ANSI SQL Standard Scalable and Portable.ASC ASCII text (file name extension)ASCII American Standard Code for Information InterchangeASIC Application-Specific Integrated CircuitASIT Advanced Security and Identification TechnologyASL Adaptive Speed LevellingASLM Apple Shared Library Manager [Macintosh].ASM Assembler Source Language (file name extension)ASMP Asymmetric MultprocessingASN Abstract Syntax Notation + Autonomous System NumberASP Association of Shareware ProfessionalsASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface [Adaptec]ASPS Advanced Signal Processing SystemASR Address Space Register + Automatic Send-Receive + Automatic Speech RecognitionAST AST Research, Inc. (named from first initials of the founders: Albert Wong, Safi Qureshey, Thomas Yuen)AS/U Advanced Server for UnixASYNC AsynchronousAT Advanced Technology + AttentionATA Advanced Technology AttachmentATDP Attention Dial PulseATDT Attention Dial ToneATE Automated Test EquipmentATG Advanced Technology GroupATH Attention Hang-Up (Modem command)ATM Adobe Typeface Manager + Asynchronous Transfer Mode + Automated Teller MachineATPS AppleTalk Printing Services [Macintosh]ATR Automatic Terminal RecognitionATS Administrative Terminal System + Apple Terminal ServicesAT&T American Telephone and TelegraphATTN AttentionATTRIB Attribute (also ATR)ATZ Attention Restore configuration profile from nonvolatile RAM (Modem command).AU Audio (file name extension)AUDIT Automated Data Input TerminalAUI Attachment Unit InterfaceAUP Acceptable Use Policy [Internet]AUTO Automatic

AUTOEXEC Automatic ExecutionAUX Auxiliary + (First Serial Port)AV Audio/Video + Audiovisual + Authenticity VerificationAVA Audio Visual Authoring [IBM]AVC Audio Visual Connection [IBM]AVG AverageAVI Audio Visual Interleave [Microsoft]AVR Automatic Voice RecognitionAWG American Wire GageAWK (Unix language named after its authors... Al Aho, Peter Weinberger and Brian Kernighan)AWS Advanced Workstations and Systems (group) [IBM]AX Architecture Extended + Automatic Transmission

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BACP Bandwidth Allocation Control ProtocolBAK Binary Adaptation Kit [Microsoft].BAK Backup (file name extension)BAL Basic Assembly LanguageBALUN Balanced Unbalanced (device)BAM Boyan Action ModuleBARTS Bell Atlantic Regional Timesharing.BAS Basic Language (file name extension)BASH Bourne Again Shell [Unix]BASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction CodeBASM Built-In AssemblerBAT Block Address Translation.BAT Batch Processing (file name extension)BBS Bulletin Board SystemBCC Block Check CharacterBCC: Blind Carbon CopyBCD Binary Coded DecimalB-CHANNEL Bearer ChannelBCL Batch Command LanguageBCN BeaconBCP Best Current Practice + Bulk Copy ProgramBCPL Basic Computer Programming LanguageBCR Byte Count RegisterBCS Bar Code SorterBDA Bios Data Area

BDE Borland Database Engine [Borland]BDOS Basic Disk Operating SystemBDR Bus Device RequestBE Below or EqualBECN Backward Explicit Congestion NotificationBEDO Burst Extended Data OutBEL BellBELLCORE Bell Communications ResearchBERT Bit Error Rate Test/TesterBF Bad FlagB/F Background/ForegroundBFF Binary File Format [IBM]BFT Binary File TransferBGA Ball Grid ArrayBGCOLOR Background Color [HTML]BGE Branch if Greater or Equal.BGI Borland Graphic Interface (file name extension)BGP Border Gateway ProtocolBGT Branch if Greater ThanBHI Branch if HigherBHIS Branch if Higher or SameBI Binary Input.BIB Bibliography (file name extension)BiDi Bi-DirectionalBIM Beginning of Information Marker.BIN Binary (file name extension)BINAC * Binary Automatic ComputerBIND Berkeley Internet Name DomainBIOS Basic Input/Output SystemBIS Business Information SystemBISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital NetworkBIST Built-In Self-TestBiSYNC (See BSYNC)BIT Binary DigitBITNET Because It's Time NetworkBITNIC Bitnet Network Information CenterBIU Bus Interface UnitBIX Byte Information Exchange (BBS)BIZ. Business [USENET Newsgroup Category].BK! Backup (file name extension) [WordPerfect].B~K Backup (file name extension)BKSP BackspaceBL Backlit + Bit LineBLAST Blocked Asynchronous Transmission (protocol)

[Communications Research Group].BLD BASIC Bload Graphics (file name extension)BLE Branch if Less or EqualBLER Block ErrorBLK BlockBLMC Buried Logic MacrocellBLOB Binary Large ObjectBLOS Branch if Lower Or SameBMI Branch if MinusBMIC BusMaster Interface Controller [Intel]BMP Basic Mapping Support + Batch Message Processing Program.BMP Bitmap Picture (file name extension)BNC Bayonet Neill-Concelman (connector used with coaxial cable invented by Mr. Neill-Concelman)BNE Branch if Not EqualBNF Backus-Naur Form (also Backus-Normal Form) [developed by John Backus and Peter Naur]BNS Backbone Network ServiceBO Binary OutputBoB Break-out BoxBOC Basic Operator ConsoleBOF Beginning Of FileBOM Beginning Of MessageBOND Bandwidth On DemandBOOTP Bootstrap Protocol [Internet]BOPS Billion Operations Per SecondBORPQU Borland Pro QuattroBORQU Borland QuattroBOS Basic Operating SystemBOT Beginning Of Table + Beginning of TapeBP Base PointerBPB BIOS Parameter BlockBPDU Bridge Protocol Data UnitBPI Bits Per InchBPL Branch if PlusBPS Bits Per Second + Bytes Per SecondBR Bad RegisterBRGC Binary Reflected Gray CodeBRI Basic Rate Interface + Brain Response InterfaceBS BackspaceBSAM Basic Sequential Access MethodBSC Binary Synchronous Communication.BSC Boyan Script (file name extension) [Boyan Communications]BSCS Bachelor of Science (Degree) in Computer Science

BSD Berkely Software/Standard DistributionBSF Bit Scan ForwardBSI British Standards InstituteBSR Bit Scan ReverseBSS Block Started by SymbolBSV BASIC Bsave Graphics (file name extension)BSY BusyBSYNC Binary Synchronous Communications (protocol)BT Bit TestBTAM Basic Telecommunications Access Method [IBM]BTB Branch Target BufferBTC Bit Test and ComplementBTOA Binary To ASCIIBTP Batch Transfer ProgramBTR Bit Test and ResetBTS Bit Test and SetBU Branch UnitBUBL Bulletin Board for Libraries [Janet]BUF BufferBVH Base Video HandlerBWM Block-Write ModeB2X Binary To Hexadecimal [REXX]BYTE Binary Element String

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C C Programming Language.C C source code (file name extension) [C]CA Collision AvoidanceCAD Computer Aided DesignCADD Computer Aided Design and DraftingCADE Client/server Application Development EnvironmentCAE Client Application Enabler + Common Applications Environment + Computer Aided EngineeringCAEX Computer Aided ExplorationCAG Column Address GeneratorCAI Computer Aided InstructionCAL Calendar + Computer Aided LearningCAM Common Access Method + Computer Aided Manufacturing + Contents Addressable MemoryCAN Cancel

CAP Carrierless Amplitude and Phase-Modulation + Central Arbitration Point + Communication Application Platform + Computer Aided Publishing.CAP Capture (file name extension)CAPD Computing To Assist Persons With Disabilities [Johns Hopkins University]CAPS Capitals (Upper Case Letters) + Cassette Programming SystemCARL Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries [Internet]CAS Column Address Select + Communications Application Specification + Computer Aided StylingCASE Computer Aided Software EngineeringCASL Crosstalk Application Scripting Language [DCA]CASS Computer Assisted Search ServiceCASSIS Classified and Search Support Information SystemCAT Computer Aided Testing + Computer Aided Tomography + Computer Aided Transcription + Concatenate.CAT Catalog (file name extension)CATS Computer Assisted Training SystemCAT SCAN Computerized Axial Tomography ScanCATV Community Antenna Television (this was the original name for what is now known as Cable TV)CAU Controlled Access UnitCAV Constant Angular VelocityCBC Cipher Block ChainingCBCR Channel Byte Count RegisterCBEMA Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers AssociationCBGA Ceramic Ball Grid ArrayCBI Computer Based InstructionCBL Computer Based Learning.CBL COBOL source code (file name extension)CBMS Computer-Based Mail SystemCBR Constant Bit RateCBT Computer Based TrainingCBW Convert Byte to WordCBX Computer-Controlled Branch ExchangeCC Cluster ControllerCC: Carbon CopyCCD Charged-Coupled DeviceCCFT Cold Cathode Fluorescent TubeCCI Common Client Interface

CCITT Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique/ Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and TelephoneCCL Connection Control LanguageCCP Console Command ProcessorCCS Common Command Set + Common Communications Services + Common Communications Support + Continuous Composite Servo.CCS Color Calibration System (file name extension)CCSD Cellular Circuit-Switched DataCD Carrier Detect + Change Directory + Collision Detection + Color Display + Compact DiskC/D Control DataC2D Character To Decimal [REXX]CDA Compound Document Architecture [DEC]CDC Control Data CorporationCD_CHRDY Card Channel Ready [IBM]CD-DA Compact Disk -Digital AudioCDDI Copper Distributed Data InterfaceCDE Common Desktop Environment + Complex Data EntryCD-E Compact Disk - Erasable.CDF Comma Delimited Format (file name extension)CDFS Compact Disc File System [Microsoft]CD+G Compact Disk plus GraphicsCD-I Compact Disk - InteractiveCDIA Certified Document Imaging ArchitectCDL Computer Design LanguageCDMA Code Division Multiple AccessCDMF Commercial Data Masking Facility [IBM]CD-MO Compact Disk - Magneto OpticalCDOS Concurrent Disk Operating SystemCDPD Cellular Digital Packet DataCDR Call Detail Record + Call Detail RecordingCD-R Compact Disk - RecordableCD-RDx Compact Disk - Read Only Memory Data Exchange StandardCDRL Contract Data Requirements ListCD-ROM Compact Disk - Read Only MemoryCD-RTOS Compact Disk - Real Time Operating SystemCDS Current Directory StructureCDSA Common Data Security Architecture.CDT Corel Draw Template (file name extension)CD-V Compact Disk - VideoCD-WO Compact Disk - Write Once.CDX Compound Index (file name extension) [Fox Pro]CD-XA Compact Disk - Extended Architecture

CE Cache Enable + Chip Enable + Collision Elimination + Convert EnableCEG Continuous Edge GraphicsCEI Conducted Electromagnetic InterferenceCEMS Constituent Electronic Mail SystemCEOP Conditional End Of PageCERN The European Particle Physics Laboratory (initials originally from Conseil European pour la Recherche Nucleaire)CERT Computer Emergency Response TeamCFB Cipher Feedback + Configurable Function Block.CFG Configuration (file name extension)CFM Code Fragment Manager [Macintosh]CFR Computerized Facial RecognitionCFS Caching/Common File SystemCFV Call For Votes [Bitnet]CG Control GateCGA Color Graphics AdapterCGE Common Graphics EnvironmentCGI Common Gateway Interface + Computer Generated Images + Computer Graphics Interface.CGM Computer Graphics Metafile (file name extension) + Graph (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC]CHAP Challenge-Handshake Authentication ProtocolCHAR CharacterCHAT Conversational Hypertext Access Technology [Internet]CHCK Channel CheckCHCP Change Code PageCHDIR Change DirectoryCHFN Change Finger [Unix]CHGRP Change Group.CHK CHKDSK (file name extension)CHKDSK Check DiskCHMOD Change ModeCHOWN Change OwnerCHP ChapterCHR CharacterCHRP Common Hardware Reference PlatformCHS Cylinder Head SectorCI Component InterfaceCIA Current Instruction AddressCIAC Computer Incident Advisory CapabilityCICS/VS Customer Information Control System/ Virtual Storage [IBM]CID Charge-Injection Device +

Configuration/Installation/DistributionCIDR Classless Inter-Domain RoutingCIF Common Interchange/Intermediate Format + Crystallographic Information File + Customer Information FeedCIM CompuServe Information Manager + Computer Integrated ManufacturingCIO Chief Information OffierCIOCS Communication Input/Output Control SystemCIP Command Interface PortCIR Committed Information RateCIRC Circular Reference + Cross-Interleaved Reed-Solomon CodeCIS Card Information Structure + Client Information System + CompuServe Information Service + Computer Information Systems + Contact Image Sensor + Customer Information SystemCISC Complex Instruction Set ComputingCIT Computer-Integrated TelephonyCIX Commercial Internet Exchange + Compulink Information ExchangeCJLI Command Job Language InterpreterCKD Count Key Data (device)CLAR Channel Local Address RegisterCLASS Client Access to Systems and Services + Cooperative Library Agency for Systems and Services + Custom Local-Area Signaling ServicesCLC Clear Carry FlagCLD Clear Direction FlagCLI Call-Level Interface + Clear Interrupt Flag + Command Line InterfaceCLIST Command ListCLK ClockCLNP Connectionless Network ProtocolCLOS Common Lisp Object SystemCLP Cell Loss Priority + Constraint Logic Programming.CLP Clipboard (file name extension) [Windows]CLS Clear ScreenCLTP Connectionless Transport ProtocolCLTS Clear Task Switch FlagCLUI Command Line User InterfaceCLUT Color Look-Up TableCLV Constant Linear VelocityCM Centimeter + Control Mark + Corrective Maintenance

CMA Concert Multi-thread ArchitectureCMC Common Mail Calls + Common Messaging Calls + Communication Mangement Configuration + Complement Carry Flag + Computer-Mediated Communication [Internet].CMD Command (file name extension)CMF Creative Music FormatCNIDR Clearinghouse for Network Information and Discovery and Retrieval [Internet]CMIP Common Management Information ProtocolCMIS Common Management Information Services/SystemCML Conceptual Modelling Language + Computer Managed Learning + Current Mode LogicCMM Capability Maturity ModelCMMS Computerized Maintenance Management SoftwareCMMU Cache/Memory Management Unit [Motorola]CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide SemiconductorCMOV Conditional MoveCMP Compare + ComputerCMPS Compare word StringCMS Code Management System + Compiler Monitor System + Conversation Monitor SystemCMVC Configuration Management Version Control [IBM]CMW Compartmented Mode WorkstationCMY Cyan-Magenta-Yellow (color model)CMYK Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black (color model)CNA Certified NetWare Administrator [Novell]CNAPS Co-Processing Node Architecture for Parallel SystemsCNC Computerized Numerical ControlCNE Certified NetWare Engineer.CNF Configuration (file name extension)CNG Calling (tone)CNI Certified Novell Instructor [Novell]CNIDR Clearinghouse for Networked Information and RetrievalCNN Composite Network NodeCNSS Core Nodal Switching Subsystem [Internet].CNT Contents (file name extension)CNV Conventional (pertaining to Memory)CNVT ConvertCNX Certified Network ExpertCO Central Office + Command Output + Convert OutCOB Chip-On-Board.COB COBOL source code (file name extension)COBOL Common Business-oriented Language (See HLL)

.COD Code List (file name extension)CODASYL * Conference on Data System Languages (Group that designed COBOL)CODE Client-Server Open Development EnvironmentCODEC Coder/Decoder + Compression/DecompressionCOEM Commercial Original Equipment ManufacturerCOFF Common Object File Format [Unix]COGO Coordinate Geometry (Programming Language)COL Collision + Computer Oriented LanguageCOLD Computer Output to Laser DiskCOLL CollisionCOM Commercial (organization Domain name) [Internet] + Common Object Model [Microsoft].COM Command (file name extension)COM1 First serial Port (asynchronous port)COM2 Second serial PortCOM3 Third serial PortCOM4 Fourth serial PortCOMDEX Computer Dealers ExpositionCOMET Cornell Macintosh Terminal EmulatorCOMP Compare + CommunicationsCOMP. Computers [USENET Newsgroup Category]COMSAT Communications Satellite CorporationCON Console (includes Keyboard and Screen)COND ConditionCONFIG ConfigurationCONS Connection-Oriented Network ServiceCONTONE Continuous ToneCORBA Common Object Request Broker ArchitectureCoREN Corporation for Research and Enterprise NetworkCOS Compatible Operating SystemCOSE Combined Office Standard Environment + Common Open Software/Systems EnvironmentCOSMIC Computer Software Management and Information Center [NASA]COSMOS Computer System for Mainframe OperationsCOSS Common Object Services SpecificationCOTS Commercial Off-The-ShelfCP Copy ProtectedCPA Certified Public AccountantCPC Constant Point CalculationCPCS Check Processing Control System [IBM]CPE Central Processing Element + Customer Premise Equipment +

Customer Provided Equipment.CPE Cover Page (file name extension)CPG Clock Pulse GeneratorCPI Characters Per Inch + Clock Per Instruction + Common Programming Interface [IBM].CPI Code Page Information (file name extension) [MS-DOS]CPI-C Common Programming Interface for Communications [IBM]CPIO Copy In and Out [Unix]CPL Current Privilege Level.CPL Control Panel (file name extension)CP/M Control Program for Microcomputers [Digital Research]CPS Characters Per Second + Cycles Per SecondCPT Command Pass ThroughCPU Central Processing UnitCR Carriage ReturnCRAM Cyberspatial Reality Advancement MovementCRC Cyclic Redundancy Check.CRD Cardfile (file name extension)CREN Computer Research Education Network + Corporation for Research and Education NetworkingCRF Cable Retransmission Facility + Cross Reference FileCRI Color Reproduction IndicesCR/LF Carriage Return/Line FeedCROM Control Read Only MemoryCRT Cathode Ray TubeCRTC CRT ControllerCS Chip Select + Clear to Send + Code SegmentC/S Client/ServerCSA Calendaring and Scheduling API [IBM]CSAR Channel System Address RegisterCSCW Computer Supported Cooperative WorkCSD Circuit-Switched Data + Computer Services Department + Corrective Service Diskette [IBM]CSDS Packet Switched Data ServiceCSE Certified System EngineerCSFI Communication Subsystem For InterconnectionCSG Constructive Solid Geometry + Consulting Services Group [Lotus]CSI Command Sequence Introducer + CompuServe IncorporatedCSID Call Subscriber IDCSL Computer Sensitive LanguageCSLIP Compressed Serial Line Interface Protocol [Internet]CSM Communications Services Manager

CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/with Collision AvoidanceCSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/with Collision DetectionCSMS Customer Support Management SystemCSN Card-Select NumberCSNET Computer Science NetworkCSO Central Services OrganizationCSP Certified Systems Professional + Commercial Subroutine Package + CompuCom Speed Protocol [CompuCom]CSPDN Circuit Switched Public Data NetworkCSS * Continuous System Simulator (Language)CSS Cascading Style Sheets [Microsoft] + Contact Start-StopCSSM Client-Server Systems Management [IBM]CSTA Computer-Supported Telephony ApplicationsCSU Channel Service UnitCSV Circuit-Switched Voice + Comma-Separated Value/Variable + Common Services Verbs (interface) [Microsoft]C&T Chips and TechnologiesCTB Cipher Type ByteCTC Channel To ChannelCTCP Client-To-Client ProtocolCTI Computer-Telephony IntegrationCTOS Computerized Tomography Operating System + Convergent Technologies Operating SystemCTPA Coax-to-Twisted-Pair AdapterCTRL ControlCTS Clear To SendCTSS * Compatible Time Sharing SystemCUA Common User Access [IBM]CUB Cursor BackwardCUD Cursor DownCUE Custom Updates and Extras (card) [Egghead Software]CUF Cursor ForwardCUI Character-Oriented User Interface + Common User Interface [IBM]CUP Cursor PositionCUPID Completely Universal Processor I/O Design [AST].CUR Cursor (file name extension)CUT Control Unit TerminalCUTE Clarkston University Terminal EmulatorCUU Cursor UpCVF Compressed Volume File

CVGA Color Video Graphics ArrayCVIA Computer Virus Industry AssociationCVT ConvertCVW CodeView for WindowsCWD Convert Word to Double Word + Change Working Directory [Internet]CWIS Campus Wide Information Service/System [Internet] + Community Wide Information Service/System [Internet]C2X Character To Hexadecimal [REXX]CYL CylinderCYMK Cyan-Yellow-Magenta-Black (color model)

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D/A Digital to AnalogDAA Data Access Arrangement + Decimal Adjust for AdditionDAC Data Acquisition and Control + Digital to Analog ConverterDAD Desktop Application Director [Borland]DAI Distributed Artificial IntelligenceDAL Data Access Language [Apple Computer] + Disk Access LockoutDAM Data Acquisition and MonitoringDAO Data Access Object [Microsoft]DAP Data Access Protocol [DEC] + Developer Assistance ProgramDARI Database Application Remote Interface [IBM]DARMS Digital Alternate Realization of Musical SymbolsDART Digital Audio Reconstruction TechnologyDAS Decimal Adjust for Subtraction + Dual-Attached StationDASD Direct Access Storage DeviceDAT Digital Audio Tape + Disk Array Technology.DAT Data (file name extension)DATACOM Data CommunicationsDAV Digital Audio-VideodB DecibelDB Data Base + Data BufferdBA Adjusted DecibelDBCS Delivery Bar Code Sorter + Double-Byte Character Set

.DBF Database (file name extension)DBIS Dun & Bradstreet Information ServicesDBM Data Base ManagerDBMS Data Base Management SystemDBS Data Base ServerDB2 Database 2DC Data Collection + Data Communication + Data Control + Device Control + Direct CurrentD2C Decimal To Character [REXX]DCA Digital Communications Associates + Document Content Architecture [IBM]DCAF Distributed Console Access Facility [IBM]DCAM Direct Chip Attach ModuleDCB Device Control Block + Disk Coprocessor Board [Novell]DCC Digital Command Control + Digital Compact Cassette + Direct Cable/Client Connection + Display Combination CodeDCD Data Carrier DetectDCE Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment + Data Communications Equipment + Distributed Computing Environment [OSF] + Distributed Computing EquipmentDCED Distributed Computing Environment DaemonDCF Data Communication Facility [IBM] + Data Compression Facility + Data Count Field [IBM] + Driver Configuration File [Lotus]D-CHANNEL Data ChannelDCI Display Control InterfaceDCL Data Control Language + Declaration + DEC Command Language [DEC] + Device Clear + Digital Control Logic + Digital Command Language [Digital]DCP Digital Light Processing [TI]DCS Data Collection System + Data Control System + Desktop Color Separation + Distributed Control SystemDCT Discrete Cosine Transform.DCT Dictionary (file name extension)DD Day + Digital Display + Double DensityDDA Distributed Data Access + Domain-Defined AttributeDDB Device Dependent Bitmap + Device Descriptor BlockDDC Digital Data Channel [VESA] + Display Data ChannelDDCMP Digital Data Communications Message Protocol [DEC]DDC1 Display Data Channel OneDDCS Distributed Database Connection Services [IBM]

DDD Data Definition Language + Direct Distance DialingDDE Direct Data Entry + Dynamic Data Exchange [Microsoft]DDEML Dynamic Data Exchange Manager Library [Microsoft]DDF Display Data Channel + Dynamic Data Formatting [IBM]DDI Device Driver Interface + Direct Dial InDDK Device Driver Kit [Microsoft Windows]DDL Data Definition Language + Data Description LanguageDDM Distributed Data ManagementDDN Defense Data NetworkDDNS Dynamic Domain Naming SystemDDP Distributed Data ProcessingDDS Digital Dataphone Service [AT&T] + Design Data Sheet + Digital Data Storage + Distributed Database ServicesDDX Digital Data ExchangeDE Device EndDEC Decrement + Device Clear + Digital Equipment CorporationDECNET Digital Equipment Corporation Networking (protocol)DEF Desktop Functional Equivalent [Compaq].DEF Definitions + Defaults (file name extensions)DEFRAG DefragmentDEK Data Encryption KeyDEL DeleteDELSTR Delete String [REXX].DEM Demonstration (file name extension)DEN Document Enabled Networking [Novell-Xerox]DES Data Encryption Standard + Data Entry Sheet.DES Description (file name extension)DET Device Execute TriggerDEV DeviceDF Data Field + Destination Field + Device Flag + Double FlagDFC Data Flow ControlDFM Design For Manufacturability [IBM]DFS Distributed File SystemDFSMS Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem [IBM]DFT Design For Testability + Diagnostic Funtion Test + Discrete Fourier Transform + Distributed Function TerminalDFU Data File UtilityDGIS Direct Graphics Interface StandardDHCP Dynamic Host Configuration ProtocolDHL Dynamic Head Loading.DHP Dr. Halo PIC (file name extension)DI Data In + Destination Index

DIA Document Interchange Architecture [IBM]DIB Device Independent Bitmap + Directory Information BaseDIBOL DEC Business Oriented Language.DIC Dictionary (file name extension)DID Direct Inward DialingDIF Data Interchange FormatDIFFSENS Differential SenseDIIP Direct Interrupt Identification PortDIMM Dual-Inline Memory ModuleDIN Deutsche Industrie Norm (German equivalent of EIA)DIO Data Input-OutputDIP Dialup Internet Protocol [Internet] + Digital Imaging Processing + Dual In-line Package + Dual In-line PinDIR Directory (file)DIS Dynamic Impedance Stabilization [CompuCom]DISA Data Interchange Standards AssociationDISP Displacement (offset)DIT Directory Information TreeDIV DivideDIVE Direct Interface Video Extension [OS/2 Warp]DIW D-Inside Wire [AT&T].DIZ Description In Zip (file name extension)DL Download (also D/L)DL/1 Data Manipulation Language 1 [IBM]DLC Data Link Control (protocol) [IBM]DLCI Data Link Connection IdentifierDLD Display List DriverDLE Data Link EscapeDLL Dynamic Link LibraryDLM Dynamic Link ModuleDLP Digital Light Processing [TI]DLR DOS LAN RequesterDLT Digital Linear TapeDM Distributed MemoryDMA Direct Memory Access/AddressingDMAC DMA ControllerDMACS Distributed Manufacturing Automation & Control SoftwareDMD Digital Micromirror Device [TI]DME Distributed Management EnvironmentDMF Distribution Media Format [Microsoft]DMI Desktop Mangement InterfaceDML Data Manipulation Language

DMM Digital MultimeterDMMS Dynamic Memory Management SystemDMOS Double-diffused Metal-Oxide SemiconductorDMP Dot Matrix PrinterDMPC Distributed Memory Parallel ComputerDMQS Display Mode Query and Set [IBM]DMS Data Management Software + Data Management SystemDMSD Digital Multistandard DecodingDMT Digital Multi-ToneDMTF Desktop Management Task ForceDMY Day Month YearDN DownDNC Direct Numerical ControlDNIC Data Network Identification CodeDNIS Dialed Number Identification ServiceDNS Domain Naming SystemDO Data Out + Distributed Objects.DOC Document + Documentation (file name extensions)DOE Distributed Objects EverywhereDOIP Dial Other Internet Providers [IBM]DO-IT Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking and TechnologyDOMF Distributed Object Management FacilityDOS Disk Operating SystemDOSEM DOS EmulationDOW Day Of WeekDP Data ProcessingDPA Demand Protocol Architecture [3Com]DPAM Demand Priority Access MethodDPAREN Data Parity Enable [IBM]DPB Drive Parameter BlockDPC Direct Program ControlDPI Dots Per InchDPL Descriptor Privilege LevelDPM Digital Panel MeterDPMA Data Processing Management AssociationDPMI DOS Protected Mode Interface [Microsoft]DPMS Display Power Management SupportDPO Data Phase OptimizationDPS Document Processing SystemDPSK Differential Phase Shift KeyingDPtoTP Display Coordinates to Tablet Coordinates (converting)DQL DataEase Query Language [DataEase International]

DR Data ReceivedD/R Direct or ReverseDRAM Dynamic Random Access MemoryDRAW Direct Read After WriteDR.BOND Dial-up Router Bandwith On Demand [NEC]DRDA Distributed Relational Database Architecture [IBM]DR-DOS Digital Research-Disk Operating SystemDRDW Direct Read During WriteDRI Digital Research IncorporatedDRO Data Request Output + Destructive Read-OutDRS Document Registration System.DRS Driver Resource (file name extension) [WordPerfect]DRV Drive.DRV Device Driver (file name extension) (Also see .DVR).DRW Draw + Drawing (file name extensions)DS Data Segment + Data Send + Data Server + Double SidedD/S Dhrystone Per SecondDSA Directory System AgentDSAP Destination Service Access PointDSDD Double Sided, Double Density (diskette)DSE Data Storage EquipmentDSEA Display Station Emulation AdapterDSECT Dummy Control SectionDSHD Double Sided, High Density (diskette)DSIS Distributed Support Information StandardDSL Digital Subscriber Line + Dynamic Simulation LanguageDSMA Digital Sense Multiple AccessDSOM Distributed System Object ModelDSP Digital Signal Processing/Processor + Directory Synchronization Protocol [Lotus]DSQD Double Sided, Quad Density (diskette)DSR Data Set Ready + Device Status Register + Device Status ReportDSS Decision Support System + Digital Signature StandardDSSI Digital Standard Systems Interconnect [DEC]DSSS Direct-Sequencing Spread SpectrumDSTN Double Supertwisted NematicDSU Data Service Unit + Digital Service UnitDSVD Digital Simultaneous Voice and DataDSW Data Status Word + Device Status WordD2T2 Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer (printing)DTA Disk Transfer Area.DTA Data (file name extension)

DTC Desktop ConferencingDTD Document Type DefinitionDTE Data Terminal Equipment + Dumb Terminal EmulatorDTF Distributed Test FacilityDTL Dialog Tag Language [IBM] + Diode-Transistor LogicDTMF Data Tone Multiple Frequency + Dual Tone MultifrequencyDTP Desktop Publishing + Distributed Transaction ProcessDTR Data Terminal Ready + Data Transfer RateDTV Desktop VideoDTVC Desktop Video ConferencingDU Disk UsageDUA Directory User AgentDUAT Direct User Access TerminalDUN Dial-Up Networking [Microsoft]DUNCE Dial Up Network Connection Enhancement.DV DESQview Script (file name extension)DVC Desktop Video ConferencingDVD Digital Video DiskDVE Digital Video EffectDVI Digital Video Interactive.DVI Device Independent (file name extension)DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol [Internet].DVR Device Driver (file name extension) (Also see .DRV)DWG DrawingD2X Decimal To Hexadecimal [REXX].DXB Drawing Interchange Binary (file name extension) [AutoCAD]DXC Data Exchange ControlDXF Drawing Exchange Format

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EA Effective Address + Extended Attribute [OS/2]EAR External Access RegisterEARN European Academic Research NetworkEAROM Electrically Alterable Read Only MemoryEARS Electronic Access to Reference ServicesEATA Enhanced AT Bus AttachmentEBC EISA Bus ControllerEBCT Electron Beam Computed TomographyEBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code [IBM]

EBI Equivalent Background Input + Extended Background InvestigationEBT Electronic Benefits TransferEC Electronic Commerce + Error ControlECAL Enjoy Computing And LearnECAT Electronic Card Assembly and Test [IBM]ECB Electronic Codebook + Event Control BlockECC Error Check Code + Error Checking and Correction + Error Correction CodeECD Enhanced Color DisplayECHO European Commission Host Organization [Internet]ECI External Call InterfaceECL Emitter Coupled LogicECM Electronic Control ModuleECMA European Computer Manufacturers AssociationECNE Enterprise Certified NetWare Engineer [Novell]ECP Enhanced/Extended Capabilities Port [Microsoft]ECTL Electronic Communal Temporal LobeECU EISA Configuration UtilityED Erase DisplayEDA Embedded Document Architecture [Go Corporation]EDC Enhanced Data Correction + Error Detection and CorrectionEDDC Extended Distance Data CableEDGAR Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and RetrievalEDI Electronic Data Interchange + Electronic Document Interchange [DEC]EDIFACT EDI for Administration Commerce and TransportEDL Edit Decision ListEDLC Ethernet Data Link ControlEDLIN Editor (Line Text)EDM Electronic Document ManagementEDO Extended Data OutEDOS Enhanced DOS for WindowsEDP Electronic Data ProcessingEDPM Electronic Data Processing MachineEDRAM Extended Dynamic Random Access MemoryEDS Electronic Data Systems (corporation)EDSAC * Electronic Delay Storage Automatic ComputerEDSI Enhanced Small Device InterfaceEDU Education (organization Domain name) [Internet]EDVAC * Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (First stored-program digital computer)EE Extended Edition [IBM]

EEC Extended Error CorrectionEEG ElectroencephalogramEEL Epsilon Extension LanguageEEM Extended Memory ManagementEEMS Enhanced Expanded Memory SpecificationEEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only MemoryEES Escrow Encryption StandardEFA Extended File AttributeEFF Electronic Frontier FoundationEFI Electromechanical Frequency Interference + Electronics For ImagingEFL Emitter Follower LogicEFTS Electronic Funds Transfer SystemEGA Enhanced Graphics AdapterEGP Exterior Gateway ProtocolEGREP Extended Global Regular Expression Print [Unix]EHLLAPI Emulator High Level Language Application Programming Interface [IBM]EIA Electronic Industries AssociationEIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive ElectronicsEIS Executive Information SystemEISA Extended Industry Standard ArchitectureEL Electroluminescent (display) + Erase LineELAN Emulated Local Area NetworkELC Embedded Linking and ControlELF Extremely Low FrequencyELS Entry Level SystemEM Electronic Mail + Emphasized + End of Medium + Expanded MemoryEMA Electronic Mail Association + Enterprise Management ArchitectureEMACS Editing Macros [Unix]E-MAIL Electronic MailEMB Extended Memory Block [LIM/AST]EMBARC Electronic Mail Broadcast to a Roaming Computer [Motorola]EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility + Enhanced Memory Chip + E-Mail Connection + Extended Math CoprocessorEMI Electromagnetic Interference.EML Electronic Mail (file name extension)EMM Expanded Memory ManagerEMR Electro-Magnetic Radiation + Enhanced Metafile RecordEMS Electronic Mail System + Electronic Message Service +

Expanded Memory Specification [LIM]EMWAC European Microsoft Windows NT Academic Centre.ENC Encoded (file name extension)ENDEC Encoder/DecoderENDS Ends SegmentENIAC * Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer (First fully electronic digital computer)ENQ EnquiryENSS Exterior Nodal Switching Subsystem [Internet]EOA End Of AddressEOB End Of BlockEOC End Of ConversionEOF End Of File + Enterprise Objects Framework [Next Computer]EOI End Of Interrupt + End Or IdentifyEOJ End Of JobEOL End Of Line + End Of ListEOM End Of MessageEOR Exclusive OR (Also XOR)EOS Earth Observing System [NASA] + End Of StringEOSDIS Earth Observing System Data and Information System [NASA]EOT End Of Table + End Of Tape (marker) + End Of Text + End Of TransmissionEP Electrophotographic EngineEPL Effective Privilege LevelEPLD Electrically Programmable Logic DeviceEPM Enhanced Editor for Presentation Manager [IBM] + Enterprise Process Management [IBM]EPP Enhanced Parallel PortEPROM Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory + Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.EPS Encapsulated PostScript (file name extension)EPSF Encapsulated PostScript FilesERA Extended Registry AttributesERAS Electronic Routing and Approval System [Hughes Aircraft]ERIC Educational Resources Information Center [Internet]ERLL Enhanced Run Length LimitedEROM Erasable Read Only MemoryEROS Earth Resources Observation System [U.S. Geological Survey]ERR ErrorER/RC Extended Result/Response CodeES Extra SegmentESA Enterprise Systems Architecture [IBM] + European Space AgencyESC EISA System Component + Escape

ESCM Extended Services Communications Manager [IBM]ESCON Enterprise System Connection (Architecture) [IBM]ESC/P Epson Standard Code for PrintersESD Electronic Software Distribution + Electrostatic DischargeESDI Enhanced Small/System Device InterfaceESI Enhanced Serial Interface (specification) [Hayes]ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile RadioESN Electronic Security NumberESP Emulation Sensing Processor + Enhanced Serial Port [Hayes] + Estimated Selling PriceESR Event Service RoutineESS Electronic Switching SystemESU Electro-Static UnitET Enhancement TechnologyETACS Extended Total Access Communication System [IBM]ETANN Electrically Trainable Analog Neural Network (chip) [Intel]ETB End of Transmission BlockETC Electronic Toll Collection + Enhanced Throughput Cellular (modem protocol) [AT&T]ETOM Electron-Trapping Optical MemoryETPL Endorsed Tempest Products ListETS Econometric Time SeriesETX End Of TextEU Execution UnitEUC End User Computing + Extended Unix Code [IBM]EUI End-User InterfaceEVE Extensible VAX EditorEVGA Extended Video Graphics Array + Extended Video Graphics AdapterEWAN Emulator Without A Good Name [Internet]EWS Employee Written Software [IBM]ExCA Exchangeable Card Architecture [Intel].EXE Executable (file name extension)EXE2BIN Program used to convert an (.EXE) file to binary format (.COM) fileEXM Enterprise Messaging Exchange [Lotus]EXP ExponentEXT ExternalEXTRN External ReferenceE-ZINE Electronic Magazine

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FAB Computer-Chip Fabrication PlantFAC File Access CodeFAMOS Floating Gate Avalanche MOSFANS Future Air Navigation SystemFAP File Access ProtocolFAPI Family Application Program InterfaceFAQ Frequently Asked QuestionFARNET Federation of American Research Networks [Internet]FAT File Allocation TableFAX Facsimile.FAX Fax (file name extension)FC/AL Fiber Channel/Arbitrated LoopFCB File Control BlockFCC Federal Communications CommissionFCC: File Carbon CopyFCCSET Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and TechnologyFCI Flux Changes per InchFCR FIFO Control RegisterFCS Fiber Channel Standard + Frame Check SequenceFD Floppy Disk + Floppy Drive + Full DuplexFDC Floppy Disk ControllerFDDI Fiber Digital Device Interface + Fiber Distributed Data InterfaceFDISK Fixed DiskFDM Frequency-Division MultiplexingFDX Full DuplexFECN Forward Explicit Congestion NotificationFED Field-Emitter DisplayFEFO First-Ended, First-OutFEP Front End ProcessorFEPI Front End Programming InterfaceFeRAM Ferroelectric RAMFESDK Far East Software Development Kit [Microsoft]FET Field Effect TransistorFF Flip-Flop + Form FeedFFDC First Failure Data Capture [IBM]FFS Fast File SystemFFST First Failure Support Technology [IBM]

FFT Fast Fourier Transform + Final Form Text [IBM]FG Floating GateFGREP Fixed Global Regular Expression Print [Unix]FHSS Frequency-Hopping Spread SpectrumFIF Fractal Image FormatFIFO First-In, First-OutFILO First-In, Last-OutFIP File Processor BufferingFIPS Federal Information Processing StandardFIR Finite Impulse ResponseFIRST Forum of Incident Response and Security TeamsFIX Federal Internet ExchangeFLC Ferro-electric Liquid CrystalFLD FieldFLL FoxPro Link Library [Microsoft Fox Pro]FLOPS Floating Point Operations Per SecondFMS Forms Management SystemFMT FormatFNT FontFOCUS Forum of Control Data UsersFOD Fax On DemandFOG First Osborne GroupFOIRL Fiber Optic Inter Repeater Link [IEEE]FOLDOC Free On-Line Dictionary Of Computing.FON Font + Phone + Phone Directory (all file name extensions).FOR Fortran source code (file name extension)FORTH (Programming Language)(See HLL)FORTRAN Formula Translator (Programming Language)(See HLL)FOSE Federal Office Systems ExpositionFOSI Format Option Specification InstanceFOSSIL Fido/Opus/Seadog Standard Interface LayerFPC Floating Point CalculationFPCE Floating-Point C Extension (specification)FPGA Field Programmable Gate-ArrayFPLA Field Programmable Logic-ArrayFPM Fast Page ModeFPP Fixed Path Protocol + Floating Point ProcessorFPR Floating-Point RegisterFPS Favorite Picture Selection + Frames Per SecondFPT Forced Perfect TerminationFPU Floating Point UnitFQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name [Internet]FRAD Frame Relay Access Device +

Frame Relay Assembler/DisassemblerFRAG Fragment + FragmentationFRAM Ferroelectric Random-Access MemoryFRC Funtional Redundancy CheckingFRED Frame Editor + Front-End to DishFRPI Flux Reversals Per Inch.FRS WordPerfect Graphics Driver (file name extension)FS File SeparatorFSD File System Driver [OS/2]FSE Full Screen EditorFSF Free Software Foundation [Internet]FSK Frequency Shift KeyingFSN Full Service NetworkFSP File Service ProtocolFSR Free System ResourcesFST Flat Square Tube (monitor)F/T Full TimeFTAM File Transfer, Access and Management + File Transfer and Access MethodFTM Flat Tension Mask [Zenith]FTP File Transfer Protocol [Internet]FTPD File Transfer Protocol DaemonFTTC Fiber To The CurbFTS Federal Telecommunication SystemFTX Fault Tolerant UnixFUI File Update InformationFUNC FunctionFVT Full Video TranslationFYI For Your Information

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GA General AvailabilityGAAP Generally Accepted Accounting PrinciplesGAL Generic Array LogicGAPI Gateway Application Programming InterfaceGb Gigabit (1,024 megabits) + (One Billion Bits of Information)GB Gigabyte (1,024 megabytes) + (One Billion Characters of Information)GCC GNU C-Compiler [Unix]

GCR Group Code RecordingGDA Global Data AreaGDDM Graphics Data Display ManagerGDG Generation Data Group [IBM]GDI Graphical Device InterfaceGDLC Generic Data Link Control [IBM]GDP Graphic Draw PrimitiveGDT Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing + Global Descriptor Table + Graphics Development ToolkitGECOS General Electric Comprehensive Operating SystemGEIS General Electric Information Service (company)GEM Graphics Environment Manager (DRI Program)GENIE General Electric Network for Information ExchangeGEO Geostationary Earth OrbitGEOS Graphic Environment Operating System [Geoworks]GET Get Execute TriggerGGP Gateway-Gateway Protocol [Internet]GHZ Gigahertz.GIF Graphics Interchange Format (file name extension)GIGO Garbage In, Garbage OutGII Global Information InfrastructureGILS Government Information Locator ServiceGIS Geographic Information System + Global Information Solutions [AT&T]GIX Global Internet Exchange [Internet]GKS Graphical Kernal SystemGL Graphics LanguageG/L General LedgerGLIS Global Land Information System [US Geological Survey]GLM General Linear ModelsGLOBE Global Learning by Observations to Benefit the Environment [Internet].GLY Glossary (file name extension) [Microsoft Word]GMP Global Mobile ProfessionalGMR Giant Magneto-ResistiveGMS Global Management System + Global Messaging Service [Novell]GMT Greenwich Mean TimeGND Ground (signal/system)GNN Global Network NavigatorGNU Gnu's Not Unix (operating system)GOSIP Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile

GOV Government (organization Domain name) [Internet]GP Gas Plasma + General PurposeGPF General Protection FaultGPI Graphics Programming InterfaceGPIB General Purpose Interface BusGPR General Purpose Register [IBM]GPS Global Positioning Satellite/SystemGPSS * General Purpose Systems Simulator (language)GRADD Graphics Adapter Device Driver [IBM]GRE Graphics EngineGREP Global Regular Expression Print.GRF Graph (file name extension).GRP Group (file name extension)GS Group SeparatorGSI General Server InterfaceGSM Global Shared Memory + Global System for Mobile-Communications (network)GSTN General Switched Telephone NetworkGTE General Telephone Electronics (corporation)GTL Gunning Transceiver LogicGTO Guide To Operations [IBM]GUI Graphical User InterfaceGUID Global Universal IDGVT Global Virtual TimeGW-BASIC Gee Whiz BASIC.gz Compressed file (compressed filename extension - using GNU gzip compression/decompression program) [Unix]

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.H Header (file name extension) [C]HACMP High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing [IBM]HAL Hard Array Logic + Hardware Abstraction Layer + House-Programmed Array LogicHAL * Heuristically Programmed Algorithmic (computer) [from 1968 movie "2001: A Space Odyssey"]HASP Houston Automatic Spooling Priority (System)HBA Host Bus AdapterHCSS High Capacity Storage SystemHCU Home Computer UserHD Hard Disk + High Density

HDA Head Disk AssemblyHDCD High Definition Compatible DigitalHDF Hierarchical Data Format [NCSA]HDI Head to Disk InterferenceHDLC High-Level Data Link ControlHDR HeaderHDSC High Density Signal Carrier [DEC]HDSL High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber LineHDSS Holographic Data Storage SystemHDT Host Digital TerminalHDTV High Definition TelevisionHDVD High Definition Volumetric DisplayHDW HardwareHDX Half DuplexHERC HerculesHEX HexadecimalHFC Hybrid Fiber-CoaxialHFS Hierarchical File System [Macintosh]HFT High Function Terminal [IBM]HGA Hercules Graphics AdapterHGCP Hercules Graphics Card PlusHH HourHIF Hyper-G Interchange FormatHIFD High-Density Floppy DiskHIL Human Interface Link [HP]HIMEM High MemoryHIPPI High Performance Parallel InterfaceHLCO High Low Close OpenHLL High Level LanguageHLLAPI High Level Language Application Programming Interface.HLP Help (file name extension)HLQ High Level QualifierHLS Hue, Luminance, Saturation (color model)HLT HaltHMA High Memory Area [Microsoft] + Hub Management ArchitectureHMD Head Mounted DisplayHMM Hidden Markov ModelHMOS High Density Metal Oxide Semiconductor + High Speed Metal Oxide SemiconductorHMP Host Monitoring ProtocolHOTT Hot Off The Tree (electronic newsletter)HP Hewlett-Packard (Company)HPCC High Performance Computing and Communications

HPDJ Hewlett-Packard Desk JetHPFS High-Performance File SystemHPG Hewlett-Packard GraphicsHPGL Hewlett-Packard Graphics LanguageHPIB Hewlett-Packard Interface BusHPLJ Hewlett-Packard Laser JetHPPA Hewlett-Packard Precision ArchitectureHPPI High Performance Parallel InterfaceHPR High Performance Routing [IBM]HPUX Hewlett-Packard UnixHPW High Performance Workstation [Sun].HQX BinHex (file name extension) [Macintosh]HRIS Human Resource Information SystemHRG High Resolution GraphicsHRMS Human Resource Management SystemHRTF Head Related Transfer FunctionHS High SpeedHSB Hue, Saturation, Brightness (color model)HSC High Speed ChannelHSI Hue, Saturation, IntensityHSM Hierarchical Storage ManagementHSP High Speed PrinterHSSI High Speed Serial InterfaceHST High Speed Technology [U.S. Robotics].HST History + Host (file name extensions)HSV Hue Saturation ValueHTML HyperText Markup LanguageHTTP HyperText Transport ProtocolHTTP-NG HTTP Next GenerationHUT Hopkins Ultraviolet TelescopeH/V Horizontal/VerticalHVP Horizontal & Vertical PositionH/W HardwareHWCP Hardware Code PageHWD Height-Width-Depth.HYP Hyphenation (file name extension)HYTELNET Hypertext-browser for Telnet Accessible SitesHz Hertz

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IAB Internet Architecture Board [Internet]IAC Inter-Application Communication [Macintosh]IAG Instruction Address GenerationIAK Internet Access Kit [IBM]IAL * International Algebraic Language (ALGOL was first called IAL)IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [Internet]IAP Internet Access Provider [Internet]IAT Import Address TableIAUP Internet User Account Provider [Internet]IBC Instrument Bus ComputeriBCS Intel Binary Compatibility SpecificationIBM International Business Machines (Corporation)IBM-GL IBM Graphics LanguageIC Input Circuit + Integrated Circuit + Interrupt ControllerICA Intra-application Communications AreaICAP Internet Calendar Access Protocol [Lotus]ICAS Intel Communicating Applications SpecificationsICB Internet Citizen's BandICCP Institute for the Certification of Computing ProfessionalsICE In-Circuit Emulator [Intel]ICI Image Component InformationICL Interface ClearICLID Incoming-Call Line IdentificationICM Image Color Matching [Kodak]ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol [Novell].ICO Icon (file name extension)iCOMP Intel Comparative Microprocessor Performance [Intel]ICP Integrated Channel ProcessorICR Intelligent Character RecognitionICS Intuitive Command StructureICU ISA Configuration UtilityID Identification + IdentifierIDA Integrated Digital Access + Intelligent Disk Array + Intelligent Drive ArrayIDAPI Integrated Database Application Programming InterfaceIDC Integrated Database/Desktop ConnectorIDDE Integrated Development & Debugging Environment [Symantec]IDE Imbedded Drive Electronics + Integrated Development Environment [Borland] + Integrated Drive Electronics + Intelligent Drive Electronics + Interactive Design and Engineering + Interface Design Enhancement

IDEA International Data Encryption AlgorithmIDF Intermediate Distribution FrameIDIV Integer DivideIDL Interface Definition LanguageIDMS Integrated Data Base Management SystemIDNX Integrated Digital Network Exchange [IBM]IDP Integrated Data ProcessingIDR Intelligent Document RecognitionIDT Interface Design Tool + Interrupt Descriptor Table.IDX Index (file name extension)IE Internet Explorer [Microsoft]IEC International Electrotechnical CommissionIEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersIEF Information Engineering FacilityIEMSI Interactive Electronic Mail Standard IdentificationIEN Internet Engineering NotesIETF Internet Engineering Task Force [Internet]IESG Internet Engineering Steering Group [Inernet]I/F InterfaceIFD Image File DirectoryIFF Interchangeable File Format [Amiga]IFG Incoming Fax GatewayIFP Instruction Fetch PipelineIFS Installable File SystemIFSM Information Systems ManagementIGA Integrated Graphics ArrayIGC Integrated Graphics ControllerIGES Initial Graphics Exchange StandardIGMP Internet Group Multicast Protocol [Internet]IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol [Cisco]IGS Internet Go Server [Internet]IHD Integrated Help Desk [IBM]IHV Independent Hardware VendorIIF Immediate IFIII Interstate Identification Index [NCIC]IIOP Internet Inter-Operability ProtocolIIR Immediate Impulse ResponseIIS Internet Information Server [Microsoft]IITF Information Infrastructure Task ForceiKP Internet Keyed Payments [IBM]ILS International Language SupportIMACS Image Management and Communication SystemIMAP Internet Message Access Protocol [Internet]

IMAX Maximum ImageIMDS Image Data Stream (format) [IBM]IME Input Method EditorIMG ImageIML Initial Microcode Load [IBM]IMP Information/Interface Message ProcessorIMPA Intelligent Multi-Port Adapter [DCA]IMR Internet Monthly Report [Internet]IMS Information Management System + Intermediate Maintenance StandardsIMTC International Multimedia Teleconferencing ConsortiumIMTV Interactive Multimedia TelevisionIMUL Integer MultiplyIN InputINC Increment.IND Index (file name extension).INF Information (file name extension).INI Initialize (file name extension)INIT Initialization + InitializeINM Integrated Network ManagementINS Input String + Integrated Network ServerINT Integer + Internal + Interrupt + International (organization Domain name) [Internet]INTA Interrupt AcknowledgeInterNIC Internet Network Information Center [Internet]INTO Interrupt if Overflow occursI/O Input/OutputIOCC Input/Output Channel Converter + Input/Output Controller ChipIOCS Input/Output Control SystemIOCTL Input/Output ControlIODE Integrated Development and Debugging Environment [Symantec]IOPL Input/Output Priviledge LevelIOSGA Input/Output Support Gate ArrayIP Instruction Pointer + Internet ProtocolIPC Instructions Per Clock + Interprocess CommunicationIPCP Internet Protocol Control ProtocolIPDS IBM Personal Dictation System [IBM] + Intelligent Printer Data Stream [IBM]IPFC Information Presentation Facility Compiler [IBM]IPI Intelligent Peripheral InterfaceIPL Initial Program Load/Loader + Ion Projection Lithography

IPL * Information Programming LanguageIPM Interpersonal MessageIPng Internet Protocol, next generationIPSE Integrated Project Support EnvironmentIPTC International Press Telecommunications CouncilIPX Internetwork Packet Exchange [Novell]IQL Interactive Query LanguageIR InfraredIRC Internet Relay Chat [Internet]IRD Integrated Receiver/DescramblerIRDA Infrared Data AssociationIRDS Information Resource Dictionary SystemIRET Interrupt ReturnIRF Intermediate Routing Function + Inheritance Rights Filter [Novell]IRL Interactive Reader Language + Inter-Repeater LinkIRLAP Infrared Link Access ProtocolIRLED Infrared Light Emitting DiodeIRM Information Resource Management + Inherent Rights MaskIRQ Interrupt RequestIRTF Internet Research Task Force [Internet]IRX Information Retrieval ExperimentIS Information System + Interrupt StatusISA Industry Standard Architecture + Instruction-Set ArchitectureISAM Indexed Sequential-Access Management/MethodISAPI Internet Servier API [Microsoft]ISBN International Standard Book NumberISC Instruction Set Computer + Inter-Systems Communication [IBM]ISD Image Section Descriptor + Instructional Systems DesignISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkISH Information Super HighwayISI Internally Specified IndexISIS Integrated Systems and Information ServicesISKM Internet Starter Kit for the MacintoshISL Interactive System LanguageISM Internet Service Manager [Mircrosoft]ISMF Interactive Storage Management FacilityISOC Internet SocietyISO/OSI International Standards Organization/Open Systems Interconnection (model)ISP Internet Service Provider [Internet] + Interrupt Stack Pointer + Interrupt Status Port

ISPF Interactive System Programming FacilityISR Information Storage and Retrieval + Interrupt Service Routine + Interrupt Status RegisterISSN International Standard Serial NumberISV Independent Software VendorIT Information TechnologyITB Information Technology Branch + Intermediate Text BlockITC International Typeface CorporationITN Identification Tasking and NetworkingITR Internet Talk RadioITU International Telecommunication UnionITUG International Telecommunications User GroupITU-TSS ITU-Telecommunication Standarts SectionITV Interactive TelevisionITX Intermediate Text BlockIU Integer UnitIUAP Internet User Account Provider [Internet]IUS/ITB Interchange Unit Separator/Intermediate Transmission BlockIVIS Interactive Video Information SystemIVL Independent Vendor League + Intel Verification LabIVR Interactive Voice ResponseIVS Interactive Videodisk SystemIVT Interrupt Vector TableIV&V Independent Verification & ValidationI-WAY Information HighwayIXC Interchange Carrier

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JA Jump Address + Jump if AboveJAD Joint Application DesignJAE Jump if Above or EqualJANET Joint Academic NetworkJBE Jump if Below or EqualJC Jump if Carry setJCL Job Control LanguageJDBC Java Database ConnectivityJDK Java Development KitJE Jump if Equal

JEDEC Joint Electronic Devices Engineering CouncilJEIDA Japanese Electronics Industry Development AssociationJES Job Entry SystemJFET Junction Field Effect TransistorJFIF JPEG File Interchange FormatJFS Journaled File System [IBM]JG Jump if GreaterJGE Jump if Greater or EqualJIPS JANET Internet Protocol ServiceJL Jump if LessJLE Jump if Less than or Equal toJMP JumpJNA Jump if Not AboveJNAE Jump if Not Above or EqualJNB Jump if Not BelowJNBE Jump if Not Below or EqualJNG Jump if Not GreaterJNGE Jump if Not Greater or Equal.JNK Junk (file name extension)JNLE Jump if Not Less or EqualJNO Jump if No OverflowJNP Jump if No ParityJNS Jump if No SignJOE Java Objects EverywhereJPE Jump if Parity EvenJPEG Joint Photographic Experts GroupJPL Jet Propulsion LaboratoryJPO Jump if Parity OddJS Jump if SignJZ Jump if ZeroJNZ Jump if Not ZeroJUGHEAD Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation and Display [Internet]

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K-12 Kindergarten through 12th Grade [US Education System]KAM Keep Alive MemoryKb KilobitKB Keyboard + Kilobyte (1,024 bytes)KBD Keyboard (also KEYB)

KBD$ Keyboard [OS/2]KBPS Kilobytes Per SecondKDT Key Definition TableKEFIR Key Findings Reporter [GTE]KEYBBE Foreign language KEYBoard program - BelgiumKEYBBR Foreign language KEYBoard program - BrazilKEYBCF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Canadian-FrenchKEYBCZ Foreign language KEYBoard program - Czechoslovakia(Czech)KEYBDK Foreign language KEYBoard program - DenmarkKEYBFR Foreign language KEYBoard program - FranceKEYBGR Foreign language KEYBoard program - GermanyKEYBHU Foreign language KEYBoard program - HungaryKEYBIT Foreign language KEYBoard program - ItalyKEYBLA Foreign language KEYBoard program - Latin AmericaKEYBNL Foreign language KEYBoard program - NetherlandsKEYBNO Foreign language KEYBoard program - NorwayKEYBPL Foreign language KEYBoard program - PolandKEYBPO Foreign language KEYBoard program - PortugalKEYBSF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Swiss-FrenchKEYBSG Foreign language KEYBoard program - Swiss-GermanKEYBSL Foreign language KEYBoard program - Czechoslovakia(Slovak)KEYBSP Foreign language KEYBoard program - SpainKEYBSU Foreign language KEYBoard program - FinlandKEYBSV Foreign language KEYBoard program - SwedenKEYBUK Foreign language KEYBoard program - United KingdomKEYBUS Foreign language KEYBoard program - United StatesKEYBYU Foreign language KEYBoard program - YugoslaviaKHz KilohertzKIS Knowbot Information Service [Internet]KPI Kernal Programming InterfaceKQML Knowledge Query and Manipulation LanguageKSH Korn Shell (program) [Unix]KSPH Keystrokes Per HourKSR Keyboard Send ReceiveKRS Knowledge Retrieval System

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LADDR Layered Device Driver Architecture [Microsoft]

LALL Longest Allowed Lobe LengthLAN Local Area NetworkLANACS Local Area Network Asynchronous Connection ServerLANE Local Area Network EmulationLAPB Link Access Procedure Balanced (protocol)LAPD Link Access Procedure Direct (protocol)LAPM Link Access Procedure for ModemsLAR Load Access RightsLASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of RadiationLASTport Local Area Storage Transport (protocol) [DEC]LAT Local Access Terminal + Local Area Transport [DEC]LAVC Local Area VAX ClusterLAWN Local Area Wireless NetworkLB Left Button (of 2 or 3 button Mouse)LBA Logical Block AddressingLBL LabelLBR Librarian.LBR Library (file name extension)LBT Listen Before TalkLBX Local Bus AcceleratorLCA Lotus Communications Architecture [Lotus]LCC Leadless Chip CarrierLCD Liquid Crystal Display + Lowest Common DenominatorLCF Low Cost FiberLCK Library Construction Kit [Mircrosoft FoxPro]LCP Link Control ProtocolLCR Line Control RegisterLCU Last Cluster UsedLDA Logical Device AddressLDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol [IBM]LDC Lotus Development CorporationLDM Long Distance ModemLDT Local Descriptor TableLE Less or EqualLEA Load Effective AddressLEAF Law Enforcement Access FieldLEC Local Exchange CarrierLED Light Emitting DiodeLEL Link, Embed and Launch-to-edit [Lotus]LEM Language Extension ModuleLEN Low Entry Networking.LET Letter (file name extension)LEX Lexicon

LF Line FeedLFI Last File IndicatorLFN Long File NameLFT Low Function Terminal [IBM]LFU Least Frequently UsedLGDT Load Global Descriptor TableLIAS Library Information Access System.LIB Library (file name extension)LIC Line Interface Coupler [IBM]LICS Lotus International Character Set [LDC]LIDT Load Interrupt Descriptor TableLIEP Large Internet Exchange Packet [Novell]LIF Low Insertion ForceLIFO Last In, First OutLILO Last In, Last OutLIM Lotus/Intel/MicrosoftLIMA Lotus/Intel/Microsoft/ASTLIMS Library Information Management SystemLINUX (Operating system named after Linus Torvalds)LIP Large Internet PacketLIPS Logical Inferences Per SecondLISP List Processing (Language)(See HLL)LISTSERV List Server [Internet]LLC Logical Link ControlLLDT Load Local Descriptor TableLLF Low Level FormatLMB Left Mouse ButtonLMBCS Lotus Multibyte Character Set [Lotus]LMI Local Management InterfaceLMS Lotus Messaging Switch [Lotus]LMSW Load Machine Status WordLMU LAN Management Utilities [IBM] + LAN Manager for UnixLN Logarithm (Natural)LN:DI Lotus Notes:Document ImagingLNK LinkLOC Loop On-Line ControlLOCIS Library of Congress Information SystemLOD Level Of DetailLODSB Load String ByteLOG Logarithm (Base 10)LOGO (Programming Language)(See HLL)LOOPE Loop while EqualLOOPNE Loop while Not Equal

LOOPNZ Loop while Not ZeroLOOPZ Loop while ZeroLORE Line Oriented EditorLPC Local Procedure CallLPD Line Printer Daemon (protocol) [Berkley]LPI Lines Per InchLPL Lotus Programming Language [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC]LPM Lines Per MinuteLPN Logical Page NumberLPS Low-Power SchottkyLPT Line PrinterLPT1 First Parallel Printer PortLPT2 Second Parallel Printer PortLPT3 Third Parallel Printer PortLQ Letter QualityLQM Link Quality Monitoring (protocol)LR Link RegisterLRC Local Register Cache + Longitudinal Redundancy CheckLRL Least Recently LoadedLRM Language Reference Manual + Least Recently-Used Master.LRS Language Resource (file name extension) [WordPerfect]LRU Least Recently UsedLSA LAN and SCSI Adapter [IBM] + Line Sharing AdapterLSAPI License Services Application Program InterfaceLSB Least Significant BitLSC Least Significant CharacterLSD Least Significant DigitLSI Large Scale IntegrationLSL Link Support Layer + Load Segment LimitLST List.LST List (file name extension)LTR Left-To-Right + Letter + Load Task RegisterLU Logical Unit (Also LUN)LUA Logical Unit Application (interface)LUI Local User InputLUIS Library User Information ServiceLUN Logical Unit NumberLUT Lookup TableLV Logical Volume [IBM]LVM Logical Volume Management [IBM]LW Lazy WriteLZW Lempel-Ziv-Welch (algorithm)

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mA MilliampereMac Macintosh (Apple Macintosh Computer)MAC Media/Medium Access Control.MAC MacPaint (file name extension) + Macro (file name extension)MACH Multilayer Actuator Head [Epson]MADE Manufacturing and Automated Design EngineeringMADYMO Mathematical Dynamic Modeling [TNO]MAh Milliampere-Hour.MAI Mail (file name extension)MAN Manual [Unix] + Metropolitan Area NetworkMANPAGE Manual Page [Unix]MAP Maintenance Analysis Procedures + Manufacturing Automation Protocol + Memory Allocation Map.MAP Linker Map (file name extension)MAPI Mail/Messaging Applications Programming Interface [Microsoft]MAPICS Manufacturing, Accounting and Production Information Control System [IBM]MARVEL Machine-Assisted Realization of the Virtual Electronic Library [Library of Congress]MASM Macro Assembler [Microsoft]MASS Maximum Availability and Support Subsystem [Parallan]MAT Maintenance Access TerminalMAU Media Access Unit + Multistation Access UnitMAVDM Multiple Application VDMMAX MaximumMB Megabyte (1,024 kilobytes) + Middle Button (of 3 button Mouse)MBASIC Microsoft BASIC [Microsoft]MBCS Multi-Byte Character Set [IBM]MBONE Multicast Backbone [Internet]MBPS Megabytes Per SecondMBR Master Boot RecordMBX MailboxMCA Micro Channel Adapter/Architecture [IBM]MCAD Mechanical Computer Aided Design

MCB Memory Control BlockMCGA Multicolor Graphics ArrayMCI MCI Communications Corp. (name from initials of original company - Microwave Communications, Inc.) + Media Control Interface [Microsoft]MCL Microsoft Compatibility Labs [Microsoft]MCM Multi-Chip ModuleMCNE Master Certified Novell Engineer [Novell]MC-PGA Metallized Ceramic - Pin Grid ArrayMCPS Microsoft Certified Product Specialist [Microsoft]MC-QFP Metallized Ceramic - Quad Flat PackMCR Modem Control RegisterMCU Multi-Chip Unit [DEC]MD Make Directory + Monochrome DisplayMDA Monochrome Display Adapter + Multidimensional Analysis.MDF Menu Definition File (file name extension)MDI Multiple Document InterfaceMDIC Manchester Decoder and Interface Chip [AT&T]MDK Multimedia Developers Kit [Microsoft]MDLP Modile Data Link ProtocolMDR Minimum Design RequirementMDY Month Day Year.ME Opening Information (file name extension) (As in READ.ME)MEB Memory Expansion BoardMEG MegabyteMEM Memory.MEN Menu (file name extension)MES Manufacturing Execution SystemMESI Modified, Exclusive, Shared and Invalid (protocol)MET Memory Enhancement Technology [Hewlitt-Packard].MET Metafile (file name extension)MFC Microsoft Foundataion Class [Microsoft]MFFS Microsoft Flash File System [Microsoft]MFLOPS Million Floating Point Operations Per SecondMFM Modified Frequency ModulationMFP Multi-Function Peripheral/ProductMFPI Multifunction Peripheral InterfaceMFS Macintosh File System [Macintosh] + Magnetic Tape Field Search + Memory File System Modified Filing System [Revelation Technologies]MFT Master File Table + Multiprogramming with a Fixed number of TasksMGA Monochrome Graphics Adapter

MGE Modular GIS EnvironmentMGR ManagerMHS Message Handling Service + Message Handling SystemMHz MegahertzMI Management InterfaceMIB Management Information BaseMICRO One-millionthMICS Macro Interpretive CommandsMIDI Musical Instrument Digital InterfaceMIF Management Information Format.MIF Management Information Files (file name extension)MIG Metal In GapMII Microsoft/IBM/IntelMIL Machine Interface Layer [Go Corporation] + Military (organization Domain name) [Internet]MIM Metal-Insulator-Metal (screen)MIMD Multiple Instruction Multiple Data Stream (processor)MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension [Internet]MI/MIC Mode Indicate/Mode Indicate CommonMIN Minimum + Mobile Identification NumberMINUET Minnesota Internet Users Essential Tools [Internet]MIPS Million Instructions Per SecondMIS Management Information System + Multimedia Information Sources [Internet]MISC MiscellaneousMIX Member Information ExchangeMKDIR Make DirectoryML Machine Language + Meta LanguageMLAPI Multilingual Application Programming InterfaceMLC Multilayer Ceramic + Multilevel Cell (program) [Internet]MLID Multi-Link Interface DriverMLM Mailing List Manager [Internet]MM Minutes + MonthMMA Microcomputer Managers AssociationMMC Matched Memory Cycle + Microcomputer Marketing CouncilMMCD MultiMedia Compact DiskMMI Man-Machine InterfaceMMIS Materials Manager Information SystemMMPM Multi Media Presentation ManagerMMU Memory Management UnitMMX Matrix Manipulation Extensions [Intel] + Multimedia ExtensionsMNOS Metal Nitride Oxide Semiconductor

MNP Microcom Networking Protocol [Microcom].MNU Menu (fine name extension)MO Magneto-Optical (disk drive)MOB Memory-Order BufferMOBO Mother BoardMOD Module + ModulusMODEM Modulator DemodulatorMOHLL Machine Oriented High Level LanguageMOM Microsoft Office Manager [Microsoft]MOO MUD, Object Oriented [Internet]MOP Maintenance Operations ProtocolMOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor + Magneto-Optic StorageMOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect TransistorMOTD Message Of The DayMOV Metal Ocide Varistor + MoveMOVS Move StringMP Massively Parallel (processing) + Multiple ProcessorsMPC Multimedia Personal Computer + Multipath ChannelMPCS Mission Planning and Control Station (Software)MPE Multiple Programming Executive [HP]MPEG Moving Picture Experts GroupMPI Message Passing Interface + Multiprecision IntegerMPM Message Passing Library [IBM]MPMD Multiple Processor/Multiple DataMPP Massively Parallel Processing + Message Processing ProgramMPQP Multi-Protocol Quad Port [IBM]MPR Multipart Repeater + Multi Protocol Router [Novell]MPS Multiprocessor SpecificationMPTN Multi-Protocol Transport NetworkMPTS Multi-Protocol Transport ServicesMPU Microprocessor UnitMQI Message Queue InterfaceMR Magnetoresistive + Modem ReadyMRCF Microsoft Realtime Compression FormatMRCI Microsoft Realtime Compression InterfaceMRI Magnetic Resonance ImagingMRM Most Recently-Used MasterMRO Multi-Region OperationMRP Materials Requirement PlanningMRPL Main Ring Path LengthMRS Media Recognition SystemMRT Mean Repair TimeMRU Maximum Receive Unit

MS Memory System + Message Store + Microsecond + Microsoft Corporation + MillisecondMSACM Microsoft Audio Compression Manager [Microsoft]MSAU Multi-Station Access UnitMSAV Microsoft Anti Virus [Microsoft]MSB Most Significant BitMSBF Mean Swaps Between FailuresMSCDEX Microsoft Compact Disc Extensions [Microsoft]MSD Mass Storage Device + Most Significant Digit + Microsoft System Diagnostics [Microsoft]MS-DOS Microsoft - Disk Operating System [Microsoft]MSDR Multiplexed Streaming Data RequestMSDS Microsoft Developer Support [Microsoft]MSFR Minimum Security Function Requirements [IBM]MSG Message.MSG Program Message (file name extension)MSI Medium Scale IntegrationMSL Map Specification Library + Mirrored Server LinkMSN Microsoft Network [Microsoft]MSO Multiple-Systems Operator.MSP Microsoft Paint (file name extension) [Microsoft]MSS Mass Storage SystemMSW Machine Status WordMTA Message Transfer Agent + Multiple Terminal AccessMTBB Mean Time Between BreakdownsMTBF Mean Time Between FailuresMTBJ Mean Time Between JamsMTF Microsoft Tape Format [Microsoft] + Modulation Transfer FunctionMTS Message Transfer Service/System + Multichannel Television SoundMTTD Mean Time To DiagnoseMTTF Mean Time To FailureMTTR Mean Time To RepairMTU Maximum Transmission UnitMUD Multi-User Dialogue/Dimension/Domain/Dungeon [Internet]MUL MultiplyMUMPS Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System (Programming Language)MUSE Multi-User Shared EnvironmentMUT Monitor Under TestMUX MultiplexerMV MillivoltMVB Multimedia Viewer Book

MVC Multimedia Viewer CompilerMVDM Multiple Virtual DOS MachinesMVGA Monochrome Video Graphics ArrayMVIP Multi-Vendor Integration ProtocolMVP Multimedia Video ProcessorMVS Multiple Virtual StorageMVT Multiprogramming with a Variable number of TasksMX Mail Exchanger [Internet]MXS Microsoft Exchange Server [Microsoft]MZR Multiple Zone Recording

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NAC Network Adapter CardNACD National Association of Computer DealersNACS National Advisory Committee on SemiconductorsNAE Not Above or EqualNAK Negative AcknowledgmentNAM Number Assignment ModuleNAMPS Narrow-Band Analog Mobile Phone Service [Motorola]NANO One thousand-millionthNAP Network Access PointNAPLPS North American Presentation Level Protocol Syntax (graphics)NAS Network Application Support [DEC]NASA National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automatic QuotationNASI NetWare Asynchronous Services Interface [Novell]NASIRC NASA Automated Systems Internet Response CapabilityNASKER NASA Ames Kernel (benchmark)NAU Network Addressable UnitNAWS Negotiate About Window SizeNBE Not Below or EqualNBI Nothing But InitialsNBS National Bureau of Standards + Numeric BackspaceNC Network Computer + No Carry + Numerical ControlNCA Network Communications AdapterNCC Network Control Center.NCF Netware Command File [Novell]NCGA National Computer Graphics Association

NCIC National Crime Information CenterNCMT * Numerical Control for Machine ToolsNCOS Network Computer Operating SystemNCP NetWare Core Protocol + Not Copy Protected + Network Control Processor/Program/ProtocolNCR National Cash Register (Company)NCSA National Center for Supercomputing ApplicationsNCSC National Computer Security CenterNCSI Network Communications Services Interface [Network Products Corp.]NDB Non-Directional BeaconNDDK Network Device Development Kid [Microsoft]NDEF Not to be DefinedNDIS Network Device/Driver Interface SpecificationNDN Non-Delivery NoticeNDP Numeric Data ProcessorNDR Network Data RepresentationNDRO Non-Destructive Read OutNDS NetWare Directory Service [Novell].NDX Index (file name extension)NEC Nippon Electric CompanyNED NASA Extragalactic Database [NASA]NEG Negative + NegateNEP Network Entry PointNES National Education SupercomputerNEST Novell Embedded Systems Technology [Novell]NET Network (organization Domain name) [Internet]NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System [IBM]NetBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface [IBM].NEW New Information (file name extension)NEWS NetWare Early Warning System [Frye Computer] + Network Extensible Window SystemNEWS. Current events [USENET Newsgroup Category]NEXT Near-End CrosstalkNFF No Fault FoundNFS Network File SystemNG No GoodNGE Not Greater or EqualNHC National Hurricane CenterNHR National Handwriting RecognitionN/I Non-InterlacedNIA Next Instruction AddressNIC Network Information Center [Internet] + Network Interface Card +

Numeric Intensive ComputingNICAD Nickel-CadmiumNICOLAS Network Information Center OnLine Aid System [NASA]NID New Interactive Display [NEC] + Next IDNII National Information InfrastructureNIM Network Installation Management [IBM]NIMH Nickel-Metal HydrideNIO Native Input/OutputNIPS Network I/Os Per SecondNIR Network Information RetrievalNIS Network Information Service [Unix]N-ISDN Narrowband ISDN + National ISDNNISO National Information Standards OrganizationNISP Networked Information Services ProjectNIST National Institute for Standards and TechnologyNITC National Information Technology CenterNIU Network Interface UnitNJE Network Job Entry (protocol) [IBM]NL New LineNLE Not Less or EqualNLM NetWare Loadable Module [Netware]NLP Natural-Language ProcessingNLQ Near Letter QualityNLSFUNC National Language Support FunctionNLV National Language Version [IBM]NMI Non-Maskable InterruptNMM NetWare Management Map [NetWare]NMOS Negative Channel Metal-Oxide SemiconductorNMP Network Management Protocol [AT&T]NMS Network Management System [Novell]NN Network Node + No News [Internet]NNI Network-Network InterfaceNNTP Network News Transfer Protocol [Internet]NOC Network Operations CenterNOP No OperationNOPAC Network OPACNOR Not OrNOS Network Operating SystemNPA Network Printer AllianceNPI Network Printer InterfaceNPL Nonprocedural LanguageNPS Novell Productivity Specialist [Novell]NPTN National Public Telecomputing NetworkNPU Natural Processing Unit

NPX Numeric Processor ExtensionNQS Network Queing System [Cray]NRC National Research Council (Canada)NREN National Research and Education NetworkNRZ Not Return to ZeroNRZI Non Return to Zero InvertedNS Nanosecond + National Semiconductor (as in Ns16550 UART) + Network Supervisor + Non StopNSAP Network Service Access PointNSAPI Netscape Server API [Netscape]NSA POLY National Security Agency PolygraphNSERC National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada)NSF National Science FoundationNSFNET National Science Foundation NetworkNSI NASA Science InternetNSLOOKUP Name Server Lookup [Unix]NSM Netscape Server Manger [Netscape]NSP Native Signal Processing [Intel] + Network Service ProviderNSSC NASA Standard Spacecraft ComputerNSTC National Science and Technology CouncilNSTL National Software Testing LabsNT New Technology [Microsoft]NTAS NT Advamced Server [Microsoft]NTF No Trouble FoundNTFS New Technology File System [Microsoft]NTIA National Telecommunications and Information AdministrationNTIS National Technical Information ServiceNTRAS NT Remote Access Services [Microsoft]NTSA NetWare Telephony Services Architecture [Novell]NTSC National Television Standards CommitteeNUI Network User Identification + Network User Interface + Notebook User Interface [Go Corporation]NUL Null + (dummy device) + (no device)NV No OverflowNVM Non-Volatile MemoryNVOD Near-Video On DemandNVP Nominal Velocity of PropagationNVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access MemoryNVT Network Virtual Terminal + Novell Virtual Terminal [Novell]

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OAB One-to-All BroadcastOAD Open Architecture Driver [Bernoulli]OAG Official Airline Guide + Online Air GuideOAI Open Applications InterfaceOAS One-to-All ScatterOBD On Board DiagnosticsOBEX Object Exchange [Borland]OBJ ObjectOC Optical CarrierOCE Open Collaborative Environment [Apple]OCF Objects Components Framework [Borland]OCL Operation Control Language + Operator Control LanguageOCR Optical Character RecognitionOCS On-Card SequencerOCX OLE Custom ControlODA Office Document ArchitectureODAPI Open Database Application Programming Interface [Borland]ODBC Open Data Base Connectivity [Microsoft]ODBMS Object-Oriented Database Management System (also see OODMS)ODI Open Datalink Interface [Novell] + Open Device Interconnect [NetWare]ODM Object Data Manager [IBM]ODMA Open Document Management APIODP Open Distributed ProcessingODS Open Data Services [Microsoft]ODSI Open Directory Service Interface [Microsoft]ODT Open DesktopOEM Original Equipment ManufacturerOEP Operand Execution PipelineOF Overflow FlagOFB Output Feedback (mode)OFMT Output Format for NumbersOFS Object File System [Microsoft] + Output Field SeparatorOH Off HookOIDL Object Interface Definition LanguageOIS Office Information SystemsOLAP On-Line Analytical Processing

.OLD Old version (file name extension)OLE Object Linking and Embedding [Microsoft]OLI Optical Line Interface [AT&T]OLMC Output Logic MacrocellOLTP On-Line Transaction ProcessingOM Object ManagerOMA Object Management Architecture [Microsoft]OME Open Messaging Environment (protocol)OMF Object Module Format [Microsoft] + Open Media Framework + Open Message FormatOMG Object Management GroupOMI Open Messaging Interface [Lotus]OMNS Open Network Management SystemOMR Optical Mark RecognitionONC Open Network Computing [Sun]ONDS Open Network Distribution Services [IBM]ONU Optical Network UnitOODB Object-Oriented DatabaseOODMS Object-Oriented Database Management System (also see ODBMS)OOL Object-Oriented LanguageOOOS Object-Oriented Operating SystemOOPL Object-Oriented Programming LanguageOOPS Object Oriented Programming and SystemsOOS Object-Oriented Systems + Off-line Operating SimulatorOOT Object-Oriented TechnologyOOUI Object Oriented User InterfaceOP Operation + Optical + OutputOPAC Online Public Access Catalog [Internet]OPC Optical PhotoconductorOPCODE Operational CodeOPD OperandOPI Open Prepress InterfaceOPM Operations Per MinuteOPS OperationsOPT Open Protocol Technology.OPT Options (file name extension)OPUS Octal Program Updating SystemORACLE On-Line Inquiry and Report Generator (UNIX DB program)ORB Object Request Broker [Microsoft]ORG Organization (organization Domain name) [Internet]ORI Online Retrieval Interface.ORI Original (file name extension)

ORS Output Record SeparatorOS Operating SystemOS/2 Operating System/2 [IBM]OSA Open Scripting/System ArchitectureOS/E Operating System/EnvironmentOSF Open Software FoundationOSI Open Systems InterconnectionOSM Off-Screen ModelOSP On-Screen Programming + Optical Storage ProcessorOSPF Open Shortest Path FirstOSQL Object Structured Query LanguageOT Object TechnologyOTA Operation-Triggered ArchitectureOTDR Optical Time Domain ReflectometerOTF Open Token FoundationOTP One-Time ProgrammableOURS Open Users Recommended Solutions.OUT Outlines (file name extension)OUTS Output StringOV Overflow.OVL Program Overlay (file name extension).OVR Program Overlay (file name extension)OWL Object/Open Windows Library [Borland]

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PAB Personal Address BookPABX Private Automatic Branch ExchangePACE Priority Access Control Enabled [3Com]PACS Picture Archiving and Communication SystemPACS-L Public Access Computer Systems List [Internet]PAD Packet Assembler/DisassemblerPADS Pen Application Development System [Slate Corporation]PAIH Public-Access Internet Host [Internet]PAIS Public-Access Internet Site [Internet].PAK Packed (compressed file name extension) [NoGateConsulting]PAL Paradox Applications Language [Borland] + Phase Alternating Line + Programmed Array Logic + Programming Assembly Language.PAL Palette (file name extension)

PALC Plasma-Addressed Liquid Crystal (display)PALS Principles of the Alphabet Literacy SystemPAM Pulse Amplitude ModulationPAP Packet-level Procedure + Password Authentication Protocol + Printer Access ProtocolPAR Personal Animation Recorder + ParallelPARA ParagraphPARC Palo Alto Research Center [XEROX].PAS PASCAL source code (file name extension)PASCAL (Programming Language named for Blaise Pascal).PAT Patch + Pattern (file name extensions)PAX Portable Archive Exchange [Unix]PBE Prompt By ExamplePBGA Plastic Ball Grid ArrayPBX Private Branch ExchangePC Personal Computer + Printed Circuit + Program CounterPCACIAS Personal Computer Automated Calibration Interval Analysis SystemPCB Printed Circuit Board + Program Control BlockPCBC Plain Cipher Block ChainingPCD Photo Compact DiskPC-DOS Personal Computer - Disk Operating System [IBM]PCEB PCI to EISA Bridge [Intel]PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect/InterfacePC-I/O Program Controlled I/OPCL Printer Command Language [HP] + Process Control LanguagePCM Personal Computer Manufacturer + Pulse Code ModulationPCMC PCI, Cache, Memory Controller [Intel]PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International AssociationPCMIM Personal Computer Media Interface ModulePCN Personal Computer NetworkPCNFS Personal Computer Network File SystemPCO Point of Control and ObservationPCS Patchable Control Store + Personal Communication Services/System + Personal Conferencing Specification + Planning Control Sheet + Print Contrast Signal + Process Control Systems + Program Counter Store + Programmable Drive Table + Project Control SystemPCT Private Communications Technology.PCT Picture (file name extension).PCX Picture Image (file name extension)PD Public Domain

PDA Personal Digital AssistantPDD Physical Device DriverPDF Package Definition File + Portable Document Format + Portable Document File + Processor Defined Function + Program Development Facility.PDF Printer Description (file name extension)[Borland,Lotus]PDIAL Public Dialup Internet Access List [Internet]PDL Page Description Language + Program Description Language + Program Design LanguagePDM Product Data ManagementPDN Public Data NetworkPDO Portable Distributed Objects [Next]PDP Plasma Display Panel + Programmable Data Processor + (DEC Computer System Designation, i.e. PDP-8, PDP-11)PDS Packet Driver Specification + Partitioned Data Set + Planetary Data System + Portable Document Software + Processor Direct Slot [Macintosh]PDSS Post Development and Software SupportPDT Performance Diagnostic Tool [IBM] + Programmable Drive TablePDU Plug Distribution Unit.PDX Paradox files (file name extension) [Borland] + Printer Description Extension (file name extension)PE Parity Even + Processing Element + Protect EnablePEA Pocket Ethernet AdapterPEL Picture Element [IBM]PEM Privacy-Enhanced Mail [Internet]PEN SDK Pen Computing Software Development KitPEP Packetized Ensemble Protocol [Telebit]PERL Practical Extraction and Report Language [Unix]PERT Program Evaluation and Review TechniquePES Positioning Error Signal + Processor Enhancement Socket Processor Upgrade SocketPET Print Enhancement Technology [Compaq].PFB Printer Font Binary (file name extension)PFE Programmer's File Editor.PFM Printer Font Metrics (file name extension) [Windows]PFR Power-Fail RestartPGA Pin Grid Array + Professional Graphics Adapter [IBM]PGC Program Group Control [Microsoft]PGDN Page Down.PGL Graphics (file name extension) [Hewlett-Packard]PGM ProgramPGP Pretty Good Privacy (name of encryption program)

.PGP ProGram Parameter (file name extension) [AutoCAD]PGUP Page UpPHIGS Programmers' Hierarchial Interactive Graphics Standards.PHO Phone List (file name extension)PHS Personal Handyphone SystemPI Program InterruptionPIA Peripheral Interface AdapterPIC Personal Intelligent Communicator + Priority Interrupt Controller + Program Interrupt ControllerPICS Platform for Internet Content SelectionPICT PicturePID Process Identification Number + Proportional, Integral, DerivativePIER Procedures for Internet/Enterprise RenumberingPIF Picture Interchange Format File + Program Information FilePII Program Integrated InformationPILOT Programmed Inquiry Learning Or TeachingPilotACE* Pilot Automatic Computing EnginePIM Personal Information ManagerPIN Personal Identification Number + Process Identification Number [Unix]PINE Pine Is Not Elm [Unix]PING Packet Internet GroperPIO Parallel Input/Output + Processor Input/Output + Programmed Input/OutputPIP Picture In Picture + Problem Isolation Procedure + Programmable Interconnect PointPIPO Parallel In, Parallel OutPIT Programmable Interval TimerPIXEL Picture ElementPL PlusPLA Programmable Logic-ArrayPLATO Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching OperationsPLC Programmable Logic ControllerPLCC Plastic Leadless Chip CarrierPLD Programmable Logic DevicePLDS Pilot Land Data System [NASA]PLL Phase Locked Loop.PLL Prelinked Library (file name extension) [Clipper]PL/M Programming Language for MicrosPLS Primary Link Station

PLV Production Level VideoPL/1 * Programming Language OnePM Presentation Manager [IBM] + Preventative Maintenance + Process ManagerPMMU Paged Memory Management UnitPMOS Positive Channel Metal Oxide SemiconductorPMR Problem Management Report [IBM]PMS Policy Management SystemPN Processing NodePNA Programmable Network AccessPNG Portable Network GraphicsPNP Plug And PlayPO Parity OddPOC Point Of ContactPOE Power Open EnvironmentPOH Power-On HoursPOL Problem Oriented LanguagePOP Point Of Presence [MCI] + Pop from Stack + Post Office ProtocolPOPA Pop All RegistersPOPF Pop FlagsPOR Power-On-ResetPOS Point Of Sale + Positive + Programmable Object SelectPOSIX Portable Operating System Interface for UnixPOST Power-On Self TestPOSTNET Postal Numeric Encoding TechniquePOTS Plain Old Telephone ServicePOWER Performance Optimization with Enhanced RISC [IBM]PowerPC Performance Optimization with Enhanced RISC-Performance Computing.PPD PostScript Printer Description (file name extension)PPDS Personal Printer Data Stream [IBM]PPGA Plastic Pin Grid ArrayPPM Pages Per MinutePPP Point-to-Point Protocol [Internet]PPS Packets Per Second + Power Personal Systems [IBM]PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling ProtocolPQFP Plastic Quad Flat PackPRACSA Public Remote Access Computer Standards AssociationPRAM Parallel Random-Access Machine + Parameter Random Access Memory.PRD Printer Driver (file name extension) [Word]PRE Preformatted [HTML]PReP Power PC Reference Platform [IBM/Motorola]

PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency.PRF Preferences (file name extension) [Grammatik IV].PRG Program (file name extension)PRINTF Print with Formatting [C Programming Language]PRISM Photo-Refractive Information Storage Material.PRJ Project (file name extension) [Borland]PRMD Private Mangement Domain [X.400]PRML Partial-Response Maximum-Likelihood.PRO Profile (file name extension)PROC ProcedurePROFS Professional Office System [IBM]PROG Program + ProgrammerPROLOG Programming In Logic (Programming Language)(See HLL)PROM Programmable Read Only MemoryPRN Printer.PRS Printer (file name extension) [WordPerfect]PRTSC Print ScreenPS Proportional Spacing.PS PostScript (file name extension)PS/2 Programming System 2 [IBM]PSC Personal Super Computer + Print Server Command + Product Service CenterPSDN Packet-Switched Data NetworkPSDS Packet-Switched Data ServicePSERVER Print Server [NetWare]PSF Permanent Swap FilePSID PostScript Image DataPSM Printing Systems ManagerPSN Packet Switching NetworkPSP Personal Software Products (group) [IBM] + Program Segment PrefixPSPDN Packet-Switched Public Data NetworkP-SRAM Pseudo-Static Random Access MemoryPSRT PostScript Round Table [GEnie]PSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkPSU Power Supply UnitPSW Program Status Word.ps.Z Compressed PostScript (file name extension) [Unix]PT Page TableP/T Part TimePTD Parallel Transfer Disk DrivePTF Problem Temporary/Trouble Fix [IBM]PUB Public (directory) [Internet] + Publish.PUB Publication (file name extension) [Ventura]

PUN Physical Unit NumberPUP PARC Universal Packet (protocol)PUS Processor Upgrade SocketPUSHA Push All RegistersPUSHF Push FlagsPVC Permanent Virtual Circuit + Polyvinyl ChloridePVM Parallel Virtual Machine + Pass-through Virtual Machine (protocol) [IBM]PVP Parallel Vector ProcessingPVS Parallel Visualization ServerPW PasswordPWB Printed Wire Board + Programmer's Workbench [Microsoft]PWD Print Working Directory [Unix]PWR PowerPWSCS Programmable Workstation Communication Services [IBM].PX Primary Index (file name extension) [Paradox]

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QA Quality AssuranceQAM Quadrature Amplitude ModulationQBE Query By ExampleQBF Query by FormQBIC Query By Image Content [IBM]QC Quality ControlQDOS Quick and Dirty Operating System.QDI Dictionary (file name extension) [Quicken].QDT Data (file name extension) [Quicken]QEMM Quarterdeck Expanded Memory Manager [Quarterdeck Corp.]QFA Quick File AccessQFP Quad Flat PackQIC Quality Information Using Cycle Time [Hewlett-Packard] + Quarter-Inch Cartridge.QIF Quicken Import File/Interchange Format (file name extension).QMT Memorized List (file name extension) [Quicken].QNX Indexes to Data (file name extension) [Quicken]QPG Quantum Phase GateQPSK Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingQTC Quicktime Conferencing [Macintosh]

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RA Return AuthorizationRACF Resource Access Control FacilityRAD Rapid Application DevelopmentRADAR Rights, Availabilities, Distribution Analysis and Reporting [Disney]RADB Routing Arbiter Data Base RADSL Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber LineRAG Row Address GeneratorRAID Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks + Redundant Arrays of Independent Drives + Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive DisksRAIS Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive SystemsRALU Register Arithmetic Logic UnitRAM Random Access MemoryRAMDAC Random Access Memory Digital-to-Analog Converter [Sierra]RAMP Remote Access Maintenance Protocol [Internet]RAND RandomRAP Rapid Application PrototypingRARP Reverse Address Resolution ProtocolRAS Random Access Storage + Reader Admission System [British Library] + Reliability, Availability and Serviceability + Remote Access Service + Row Address SelectRASAPI Remote Access Service Application Programming Interface [Microsoft]RAVE Rendering Acceleration Virtual Engine [Apple Computer]RB Right Button (of 2 or 3 button Mouse)RBBS Remote Bulletin Board SystemRBCS Remote Bar Code SystemRBOC Regional Bell Operating CompanyRCL Rotate Carry LeftRCP Remote Control Panel + Remote Copy [Internet] + Restore Cursor PositionRCR Rotate Carry RightRCS Records Communications Switching System + Revision Control System [Unix]RD Receive Data + Remove Directory

R&D Research and DevelopmentRDA Remote Database AccessRDB Receive Data Buffer + Relational DatabaseRDBMS Relational Database Mangement SystemRDCLK Received Timing ClockRDP Reliable Datagram ProtocolRDRAM Rambus Dynamic Random Access MemoryRDSR Receiver Data Service RequestRDTO Receive Data Transfer Offset [IBM].REC Recorder (file name extension)REC. Recreation [USENET Newsgroup Category].REF Reference (file name extension)REG RegisterREGAL Rigid Epoxy Glass Acrylic LaminateRELSECT Relative SectorREM Remark + Remote + Ring Error MonitorREN RenameREP RepeatREPE Repeat while EqualREPNE Repeat while Not EqualREPNZ Repeat while Not ZeroREPZ Repeat while ZeroREQ RequestREREG Re-RegisterRES Remote Execution Service + Reset + Resolution.RES Resource (file name extension)RET Resolution Enhancement Technology [HP] + ReturnREX Relocatable ExecutableREXEC Remote ExecutionREXX Restructured Extended Executor (language) [IBM]RF Radio FrequencyRFC Request For Comments [Internet]RFD Request for Discussion [Internet]RFI Radio Frequency InterferenceRFP Request for ProposalRFQ Request for QuotationRFS Remote File Sharing + Remote File SystemRFT Revisable Form Text + Rich Text FormatRFU Reserved For Future UseRGB Red-Green-Blue (color model)RI Referential Integrity + Ring IndicateRIFF Resource Interschange File Format [Microsoft]RIM Remote Installation and Maintenance [Microsoft]

RIME RelayNet International Message ExchangeRIP Remote Imaging Protocol + Routing Information Protocol [Novell]RIPEM Riordan's Internet Privacy Enhanced MailRIPS Raster Image Processing SystemRISC Reduced Instruction Set ComputerRJE Remote Job EntryRLE Run Length EncodedRLL Run Length LimitedRLN Remote LAN Node [DCA]RLOGIN Remote LoginRLSD Received Line Signal DetectedRLSI * Ridiculously Large-Scale IntegrationRM Reset ModeRMA Return Material Authorization + Return to Manufacturer AuthorizationRMB Right Mouse ButtonRMDIR Remove DirectoryRMON Remote Monitor/MonitoringRMP Remote Maintenance Processor [IBM]RMS Record Management Services + Root Mean SquareRMW Read-Modify-WriteRN Read News [Internet]RND RandomRNG Random Number GeneratorRNP Regional Network ProviderR-O Read OnlyROB Reorder Buffer [Intel]ROL Rotate LeftROM Read Only MemoryROOM Real-Time Object-Oriented ModelingROP Raster Operation + RISC OperationROR Rotate RightROS Read-Only Storage [IBM]ROT Running Object TableRPC Remote Procedure CallRPG Report Program Generator (Programming Language)RPL Resident Programming Language + Requested Privilege LevelRPN Real Page NumberRPRINTER Remote Printer [NetWare]RPPROM Reprogrammable PROMRPT RepeatRPQ Request for Price Quotation

RQBE Relational Query By Example [Fox Pro]RR Real RealityRS Radio Shack + Recommended Standard (as in RS-232) [EIA] + Record Separator + Request to SendRSA129 (129 digit cryptographic security number named after its inventors: Drs. Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard M. Adelman)RSAC Recreational Software Advisory CouncilRSCS Remote Spooling Communications SystemRSD Route Server DaemonRSH Remote ShellRSL Request-and-Status LinkRSP Required Space CharacterRST Reset + RestartRSTS Resource Sharing Time Sharing [Digital]RSX Real Time Resource Sharing ExecutiveRT Real Time + RISC Technology + Run TimeR/T Receive/TransmitRTAM Remote Terminal Access MethodRTC Real-Time ClockRTDM Real-Time Data MigrationRTEL Reverse Telnet [Internet]RTF Rich Text FormatRTL Register Transfer Language/Level + Resistor Transistor Logic + Right-To-Left + Run Time LibraryRTM Response Time Monitor + Runtime Manager [Borland]RTMP Routing Table Maintenance ProtocolRTOS Real-Time Operating SystemRTP Rapid Transport Protocol + Real-Time ProtocolRTS Remote Takeover System + Request To SendRTTI Runtime Type InformationRTTY Radio Teletypewriter (Communications)RTV Real Time VideoRVA Relative Virtual AddressRVI Reverse InterruptR/W Read/WriteRWM Read-Write MemoryRX ReceiverRXD Receive Data

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SA Selective AvailabilitySAA Systems Application Architecture [IBM]SADL Synchronous Data Link Control [Racal-Vadic]SAINT * Symbolic Automatic IntegratorSAL Shift Arithmetic LeftSAM Serial Access Memory + Sequential Access Method + Single Application Mode [Microsoft]SANE Standare Apple Numeric EnvironmentSAP Second Audio Program + Service Access Point [DEC] + Service Advertising ProtocolSAP * Symbolic Assembly ProgramSAPI Speech Application Program Interface [Microsoft]SAR Shift Arithmetic Right + Successive Approximation Register + Synthetic Aperature RadarSAS Sales Accounting System + Single Attached Station + Single Audio System + Statistical Analysis SystemSASI Shugert Associates System Interface (SCSI originated from SASI)SATAN Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks.SAV Saved (file name extension)SAVDM Single Application VDMSB Sound Blaster [Creative Labs] + Sound BoardSBA Scene Balance Algorithms [Kodak]SBB Subtract With BorrowSBC Single-Board ComputerSBCS Single-Byte Character SetSBI Sound Blaster Instrument.SBR Source Browser (file name extension) [Borland].SC Script (file name extension)SCADA Supervisory Control and Data AquisitionSCAM SCSI Configuration AutomaticallySCAS Scan StringSCB Subsystem Control Block [IBM]SCC Serial Communications Controllers + Serial Controller Chip + Synchronous Channel Check [IBM]SCCS Source Code Control SystemSCD Standard Color DisplaySCF System Control FacilitySCI. Science [USENET Newsgroup Category]SCLM Softwre Configuration and Library Management [IBM]

SCM ScreenCam Format [Lotus] + Software Configuration Management + Station Class MarkSCO Santa Cruz Operation (Software Company)SCOPE Simple Communications Programming Enironment [Hayes]SCP Save Cursor Position + Subsystem Control Port + System Control ProgramSCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier.SCR Script (file name extension)SCRN Screen (video display)SCRS Scalable Cluster of RISC SystemsSCSA Signal Computing System Architecture [Dialogic]SCSI Small Computer Systems InterfaceSD Send Data + Super DensitySDA Software Disk Array + Source Data Automation + System Display Architecture [Digital]SDB Symbolic Debugger [Unix]SDD Software Description Database [Internet]SDF Space Delimited File + Space Delimited Format.SDF Standard Data Format (file name extension)SDI Selective Dissemination of Information + Single Document Interface Software Development Interface [Mosaic]SDK Software Developer's Kit [Microsoft]SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control (protocol)SDM System Development MultitaskingSDMS SCSI Device Management System [NCR]SDN Software Defined Network [AT&T]SDNS Secure Data Network ServiceSDR Streaming Data RequestSDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access MemorySD-ROM Super Density ROMSDS Sysops Distribution SystemSDSL Single-Line Digital Subscriber LineSD_STB Streaming Data Strobe [IBM]SDV Switched Digital Video [AT&T]SEA Standard Extended Attribute [OS/2].SEA Self Extracting Archive (file name extension) [Macintosh]SEAC * Name of first computer to use transistors, built by (National Bureau of) Standards Eastern Automatic Calculator (Also see SWAC)SEAL Segmentation and Reassembly Layer (protocol) + Screening External Access Link [Digital-DEC]SEC Single Error Correction

SECAM Sequentiel Couleur Avec Memoire (Sequential Color With Memory)SED Stream Editor + Stream-Oriented EditorSEG SegmentSEH Structured Exception HandlingSEL SelectSEM Scanning Electron Microscope + Standard Electronic ModuleSEPP Secure Encryption Payment ProtocolSER SerialSET Secure Electronic Transaction + Softwave Engineering Technology.SET Driver Set (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] + Image Settings (file name extension) [Paradox]SETEXT Structure Enhanced Text [Internet]SEU Smallest Executable UnitSF Sign FlagSFQL Structured Full-text Query LanguageSFS System File ServerSFT System Fault ToleranceSFX Sound Effect(s)SGEN Signal Generator + System GeneratorSGDT Store Global Descriptor TableSGI Silicon Graphics, Inc.SGM Shaded Graphics ModelingSGML Standard Generalized Markup LanguageSGR Set Graphics RenditionSGRAM Synchronous Graphics RAMS/H Sample and HoldSHA Secure Hash Algorithm [NSA]SHAR Shell ArchiveSHG Segmented HypergraphicsSHL Shift Logical LeftSHR Shift Logical RightS-HTTP Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol.SHW Show (file name extension)SI Shift-In + Source Index + System InformationSIC Standard Industrial CodeSID Security Identifier + Serial Input Data + Station Identification [AT&T] + Symbolic Interactive DebuggerSIDF System Independent Data FormatSIDH System Identification for Home SystemsSIDT Store Interrupt Descriptor Table

SIFT Stanford Information Filtering ToolSIG Special Interest GroupSIGCAT Special Interest Group on CD-ROM Applications and TechnologySIM SimulatorSIMD Single Instruction Multiple Data Stream (processor)SIMM Single In-line Memory ModuleSIMTEL Simulation and TeleprocessingSIMULA Simulation (language)SIO Serial Input/Output (communications driver)SIP Single In-line PackageSIPC Simply Interactive Personal Computer [Microsoft]SIPO Serial In, Parallel OutSIPP Single In-line Pin PackageSIR Serial Infrared [Hewlett-Packard]SIRDS Single-Image Random Dot StereogramSI/SO Serial In/Serial Out + Shift In/Shift OutSIT Special Information Tones.SIT Stuff-It (compressed file name extension) [Macintosh]SKU# Stock Keeping Unit NumberSLDT Store Local Descriptor TableSLED Single Large Expensive DiskSLIP Serial Line Interface ProtocolSLM Spatial Light ModulatorSLMR Silly Little Modem ReaderSLOSH Sea, Lake and Overland Surge from Hurricane (program)SLSI Super Large-Scale IntegrationSLSS Systems Library Subscription Service [IBM]SLU Spoken Language UnderstandingSM Set Mode + Shared MemorySMART Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting TechnologySMB Server Message Block (protocol) [MII]SMD Surface Mounted DeviceSMDS Switched Multimedia/Multi-Megabit Data ServiceSMF System Manager Facility [Compaq]SMI System Management Interrupt [Intel]SMIF Standard Mechanical InterfaceSMIT System Management Interface Tool [IBM]SMK Software Migration Kit [Microsoft]SML Standard Meta LanguageSMM System Mangement Mode [Intel]SMOBC Solder Mask Over Bare CopperSMP Simple Management Protocol + Symbolic Manipulation Program +

Symmetrical Multi-Processing + Symmetric Multiprocessor.SMP Sample (file name extension)SMPC Shared Memory Parallel ComputerSMPS Switching Mode Power SupplySMRAM System Management Random Access MemorySMS Storage Management Services [NetWare] + Storage Management Subsystem/System + Systems Management Server [Microsoft]SMSW Store Machine Status WordSMT Station Management (protocol) + Surface-Mount TechnologySMTP Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolSMU System Management UtilitySN Serial NumberS/N Signal-to-Noise (Ratio)SNA Systems Network Architecture [IBM]SND SoundSNEWS Secure News Server [Internet]SNMP Simple Network Management ProtocolSNOBOL String Oriented Symbolic Language (Progamming Language)SNP Serial Number/Password [Omen Technology]SNR Signal-to-Noise RatioSOA Start Of AuthoritySOC System On a ChipSOC. Social Issues [USENET Newsgroup Category]SOCKS Socket Secure (server) [Internet]SODIMM Small Outline DIMMSOE Standard Operating EnvironmentSOH Start of HeaderSOHO Small Office/Home OfficeSOL Simulation Oriented LanguageSOM Start of Message + System Object Model [IBM]SONET Synchronous Optical NetworkSOP Standard Operating ProceduresSOS Silicon On Sapphire + Sophisticated Operating System + Standards and Open SystemsSOTA State Of The ArtSOX Sound ExchangeSP Service Pack [IBM] + Stack Pointer + System ProductSPA Software Publishers AssociationSPAN Space Physics Analysis NetworkSPARC Scalable Processor ArchitectureSPC Small Peripheral Controller + Statistical Process ControlSPCL Spectrum Cellular Corporation

SPEC Systems Performance Evaluation CooperativeSPF Shortest Path First + System Programming FacilitySPI Service Provider Interface + SCSI Parallel InterfaceSPID Service Profile/Provider IdentifierSPIKE Science Planning Intelligent Knowledge-Based Environment [STScI]SPIRES Stanford Public Information Retrieval System [Stanford University]SPL Spooler + System Programming Language [HP].SPL Spell Checker (file name extension)SPM System Performance Monitor [IBM]SPOOL Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On LineSPOT Shared Product Object Tree [IBM]SPP Sequenced Packet ProtocolSPPS Scalable Power Parallel System [IBM]SPR Special Purpose Register + Statistical Pattern RecognitionSPREAD * Systems Programming, Research, Engineering and Development [IBM]SPS Standby Power SystemSPSS Statistical Package for the Social SciencesSPT Sectors Per TrackSPX Sequenced Packet Exchange [Novell]SQ Squeezed (files)SQL/DS Structured Query Language/Data System [IBM]SQRT Square RootSR Shift RegisterSRAM Shadow Random Access Memory + Static Random Access MemorySRB Source-Route Bridge.SRC Source (file name extension)SRD Screen Reader SystemSRM Security Reference MonitorSRO Sharable and Read OnlySRP Suggested Retail Price.SRP Script (file name extension)SRPI Server-Requester Programming InterfaceSRQ Service RequestSRR Serially Reusable ResourceSRS Sound Retrieval SystemSS Stack Segment + Single Sided + SecondsSSA Serial Storage ArchitectureSSAP Source Service Access PointSSCP Systems Service Control Point [IBM]SSD Solid State Disk

SSEC * Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator [IBM]SSGA System Suppport Gate ArraySSI Single System Image + Small Scale IntegrationSSL Secure Sockets LayerSST Spread-Spectrum Technology + Systems Services and TechnologySTA Spanning Tree AlgorithmSTAR Self Defining Text ArchivalSTB StrobeSTC Set Carry FlagSTD Set Direction Flag + StandardSTDA StreetTalk Directory Assistance [Banyan]STDAUX Standard AuxillarySTDERR Standard ErrorSTDIN Standard InputSTDIO.H Standard Input/Output Header [C Programming Language]STDM Statistical Time Division MultiplexerSTDOUT Standard OutputSTDPRN Standard Printer.STF Structured File (file name extension) [Lotus Agenda]STI Set Interrupt FlagS/TK Sectors Per TrackSTN Super-Twist NematicSTOS Store StringSTP Secure Transfer Protocol + Shielded Twisted Pair (cable) + Signal Transfer Point + Synchronized Transaction ProcessingSTR Store Task Register + Synchronous Transmitter ReceiverSTRESS Structural Engineering System Solver (Programming Language)STRUDL Structural Design Language (Programming Language)STScI Space Telescope Science InstituteSTT Secure Transaction Technology [Microsoft]STX Start of Text.STY Style (file name extension) [Ventura, Word, WordPerfect]SUB Subroutine + Substitute + SubtractSUN Sun Microsystems, Inc..SUP Supplemental Dictionary (file name extension) [WordPerfect]SVC Switched Virtual CircuitSVGA Super Video Graphics ArrayS-VHS Super VHSSVM System Virtual Machine [Microsoft]SVR ServerSVR# System V Release Number [AT&T]

S/W SoftwareSWAC * Mobile version of SEAC, built for deployment to White Sands, and named Standards Western Automatic CalculatorSWAIS Simple Wide Area Information Server [Internet]SWISH Simple Web Indexing System for Humans.SWP Swap (file name extension).SYL Syllabus (file name extension)SYLK Symbolic Link.SYM Symbols (file name extension).SYN Synonym (file name extension)SYNC SynchronousSYS System.SYS System Configuration (file name extension) + System Device Driver (file name extension)SYSGEN System GeneratorSYSLOG System LogSYSMOD System ModificationSYSOP System OperatorSYSREQ System RequestSZ Send ZModem [Unix]

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TAD Telephone Answering DeviceTAP Telelocator Alphanumeric ProtocoTAPCIS The Access Program for the CompuServe Information ServiceTAPI Telephony Applications Programming Interface.tar Tape Archive (archived file name extension) [Unix].tar.Z Compressed Archived files (file name extension) [Unix]TAS Telephone Access ServerTASM Turbo Assembler [Borland]TAXI Transparent Asynchronous Tranceiver/Receiver InterfaceTB Terabyte (1,024 gigabytes)T/B Top and BottomTBBS The Bread Board System (BBS)TBGA Tape Ball Grid Array.TBK Toolbook (file name extension)TBU Tape Backup UnitTC Test Control + Transmission ControlTCL Tool Command Language

TCM Trellis-Coded ModulationTCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTD Transmit DataTDD Telecommunications Device for the DeafTDtoDP Tablet Coordinates to Display Coordinates (converting)TDE Terminal Display Editor.TDF Trace Definition File (file name extension) [OS/2] + Typeface Definition File (file name extension)TDI Transport Device InterfaceTDM Technical Document Management + Time Division MultiplexingTDMA Time Division Multiple AccessTDMS Terminal Display Management SystemTDP Telelocator Data ProtocolTDSR Transmitter Data Service RequestTDR Time Domain ReflectometryTE/2 Terminal Emulator/2 [Oberon]TEB Thread Environment BlockTEC Tokyo Electronics CorporationTED Tiny EditorTEML Turbo Editor Macro Language [Borland]TEMP TemporaryTER Thermal Eclipse Reading [Sony]TERMPWR Terminator PowerTFDD Text File Device DriverTFEL Thin-Film Electroluminescent.TFM Tagged Font Metric (file name extension)TFT Thin-Film Transistor (screens)TFTP Trivial File Transfer ProtocolTHD Total Harmonic Distortion.THD Thread (file name extension)THOMAS The (U.S.) House (of Representatives) Open Multimedia Access SystemTHOR Tandy High-Performance Optical RecordingTHR Transmit Holding Register.THS Thesaurus (file name extension)TI Texas Instruments, Inc.TIA Telecommunications Industry Association + The Internet Adapter [Internet]TID Target IDTIES Time Independent Escape Sequence.TIF Tagged Image File (filename extension)TIFF Tagged Image File Format

TIGA Texas Instruments Graphics ArchitectureTIGER Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and ReferencingTIIAP Telecommunications and Information Infrastructure Assistance Program [NII]TIM Technical Information Memo [Compaq]TIP Terminal Interface ProcessorTK/TK Track to TrackTLA Three-Letter AcronymTLB Translation Lookaside BufferTLI Transport Layer InterfaceTLU Table Lookup.TLX Telex (file name extension)TM TrademarkTMP TemporaryTN Twisted NematicTNC Terminal Node ControllerTNO The Netherlands OrganizationToC Table Of ContentsTOD Time Of DayTOP Technical and Office ProtocolTPC Transaction-Processing Performance CouncilTPI Tracks Per InchTPL Table Producing LanguageTPM Transactions Per MinuteTPORT Twisted Pair Port Transceiver [AT&T]TPS Transactions Per Second + Transaction Processing SystemTPW Turbo Pascal for WindowsTQFP Thin Quad Flat PackTQM Total Quality ManagementTR Terminal ReadyT/R Transmit/ReceiveTRADIC * Transistorized Airborne Digital Computer (Name of first computer to be entirely transistorized).TRM Terminal (file name extension)TRN Threaded Read News [Internet] + Token Ring NetworkTRON The Real-Time Operating System NucleusTS Top SecretTSA Target Service Agent + Technical Support AllianceTSAPI Telephony Services Application Program Interface [AT&T + Novell]TSB Termination Status Block

TSE The Semware EditorTSO Time Sharing OptionTSR Terminate and Stay ResidentTSS Task State Segment + Time Sharing SystemTS/SI Top Secret/Sensitive Information.TST Test (file name extension)TSTN Triple Supertwisted NematicTSV Tab Separated ValuesTT Typewriter TextTTA Transport-Triggered ArchitectureTTCN Tree and Tabular Combined Notation.TTF TrueType Font (file name extension)TTL Transistor-Transistor LogicTTP Thermal-Transfer PrintingTTS Text-To-Speech + Transaction Tracking SystemTTY TeletypeTUI Text-Based User Interface [WordPerfect]TUMS Table Update and Management System [Stanford University].TUT Tutorial (file name extension)TVF Table of contents Verbosely from File [UNIX]TVFS Toronto Virtual File System [IBM]TVI Television InterferenceTWAIN Technology Without Any Interesting Name (connection between application and scanner software)TWX Teletypewriter Exchange ServiceTXD Transmit Data.TXF Tax Exchange Format (file name extension)TXT TextTXT2STF Text To Structured File [Lotus Agenda]TZ Time Zone [Unix]

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UA User Agent + User AreaUAE Unrecoverable Application ErrorUART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter.UC2 Compressed File (file name extension) [UltraCompressor]UCL Universal Communications LanguageUCS Unicode Conversion Support + Universal Character Set + User Coordinate SystemUCT Universal Coordinated Time

UDC User Defined CommandsUDE Universal Data ExchangeUDF User Defined FunctionsUDG User Defined GatewayUDP User Datagram ProtocolUDT Uniform Data TransferUFS Unix File SystemUG User GroupUI Unix International + User InterfaceUID User IdentifierUIMS User Interface Management SystemUL Underwriters Laboratories + Unordered List + UploadULA Uncommitted Logic ArrayULN Universal Link NegotiationULSI Ultra Large Scale IntegrationUMA Unified Memory ArchitectureUMB Upper Memory Block [LIM/AST]UNC Universal Naming Convention + Uuencoded Netnews Collator [Unix]UNCOL Universal Computed Oriented LanguageUNI User-Network InterfaceUNICOM Universal Integrated Communication (System)UNICOS Universal Compiler FORTRAN compatibleUNIVAC Universal Automatic ComputerUNIX (AT&T Bell Laboratories Operating System)UNMA Unified Network Management ArchitectureUP UniprocessorUPC Universal Product CodeUPG UpgradeUPL User Program LanguageUPM Unix Programmer's Manual + User Profile Management [IBM]UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply + Uninterruptible Power SystemURC Uniform Resource Characteristics + Uniform Resource CitationUREP Unix RSCS Emulation Protocol (protocol)URI Uniform Resource IdentifierURL Uniform Resource LocatorURN Uniform Resource Name/NumberUS Unit SeparatorUSART Universal Synchronous-Asynchronous Reciever/TransmitterUSB Universal Serial Bus [Intel]

USENET User's Network [Internet]USERID User IdentificationUSOC Universal Service Ordering CodeUSQ Unsqueezed (files)USR US Robotics (corporation)USRT Universal Synchronous Receiver/TransmitterUSSA User Supported Software Association (United Kingdom)UT User TerminalUTC Coordinated Universal TimeUTI Universal Text Interchange/InterfaceUTP Unshielded Twisted-Pair (cable)UU Uuencode/UudecodeUUCP Unix-To-Unix Copy ProgramUUD UUDecoding [Unix]UUE UUEncoding [Unix]UUI User-To-User Information [AT&T]UV Ultraviolet

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VA Virtual AddressVAD Value Added DealerVADD Value Added Disk DriverVADSL Very-High-Rate Asymmetric Digital Subscriber LineVAL Value + Voice Application Language.VAL Validity Checks (file name extension) [Paradox]VAM Virtual Access MethodVAN Value Added NetworkVAP Value Added ProcessVAR Value Added Reseller + Value Added Retailer + VariableVAST Variable Array Storage TechnologyVAX/VMS Virtual Address Extension/Virtual Memory System [DEC]VB Variable Block + Visual Basic [Microsoft]VBA Visual Basic for Applications [Microsoft]VBE/AI Vesa Bios Extension/Audio InterfacevBNS Very High Speed Backbone Network Service [MCI + NSF]VBR Variable Bit RateVBRUN Visual Basic Runtime.VBX Visual Basic Extension (file name extension)VCC Virtual Channel ConnectionVCD Virtual Communications Driver

VCL Visual Component LibraryVCOS Visual Caching Operating System [AT&T]VCPI Virtual Control Program InterfaceVCR Video Cassette RecorderVDD Virtual Device DriverVDDM Virtual Device Driver ManagerVDE Video Display Editor + Visual Development EnvironmentVDISK Virtual DiskVDM Virtual DOS Machine [IBM]VDMAD Virtual Direct Memory Access Device [Microsoft]VDS Virtual DMA ServicesVDT Video Dial Tone + Video Display TerminalVDU Video Display Unit + Visual Display UnitVEGA Video-7 Enhanced Graphics Adapter [Video-7, Inc.]VEMM Virtual Expanded Memory ManagerVER Verify + VersionVERONICA Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-Wide Index to Computer Archives [Internet]VERR Verify Read AccessVERW Verify Write AccessVESA Video Electronics Standards AssociationVF Virtual FloppyVFAT Virtual File Allocation Table [Microsoft]V.FC Version.First Class (communications standard)VFD Vacuum Fluorescent DisplayVFW Video For Windows [Microsoft]VGA Video Graphics ArrayVGC Video Graphics ControllerVHDL VHSIC Hardware Description LanguageVHS Very High Speed + Video Home System + Virtual Host StorageVHSIC Very High Speed Integrated CircuitVI Visual Interactive (editor) [UNIX]VIE Virtual Information EnvironmentVIF Virtual Interface + Virtual Interrupt FlagVIM Vendor Independent Mail + Vendor Independent Messaging + Video Interface ModuleVIO Video Input/Output + Virtual Input/OutputVINES Virtual Networking System [Banyan]ViP Visual Programming [Lotus]VIP Variable Information Processing + Video Information Provider + Virtual Interrupt PendingVIPER Verifiable Integrated Processor for

Enhanced ReliabilityVIS Video Information System [Tandy] + Voice Information SystemVJ HEADER Van Jacobsen Header (compression) [Unix]VLAN Virtual Local Area NetworkVL-BUS Vesa Local-Bus [VESA]VLD Variable-Length DecoderVLF Very Low FrequencyVLINK Visited Link [HTML]VLIW Very Large Instruction WordVLM Virtual Loadable ModuleVLSI Very Large Scale IntegrationVLSIPS Very Large Scale Immobilized Polymer SynthesisVLT Variable List TableVM Virtual Machine + Virtual MemoryVMA Virtual Memory AddressVMB Virtual Machine BootVME Virtual Memory EnvironmentVMM Virtual Machine/Memory ManagerVMOS Vertical MOSVMP Virtual Modem ProtocolVMS Virtual Memory System + Voice Message SystemVMT Virtual Memory TechniqueVNA Virtual Network ArchitectureVOC Creative Voice (format) [Sound Blaster]VOD Video On DemandVOL VolumeVOM Volt-Ohm-MilliammeterVOR Visions Of RealityVOS Verbal/Voice Operating SystemVP Virtual PathVPD Virtual Printer Device + Vital Product Data [IBM]VPDN Virtual Private Data NetworkVPDS Virtual Private Data Service [MCI]VPE Visual Programming EnvironmentVPL Virtual Programming LanguageVPN Virtual Page Number + Virtual Private NetworkVPS Voice Processing SystemVPSC Vault, Process, Structure, ConfigurationVPT Virtual Print Technology [Dataproducts]VR Virtual Reality + Voltage Regulated/RegulatorVRAM Video Random Access MemoryVRE Voltage Regulated ExtendedVRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language

(originally named Virtual Reality Markup Language)VROOMM Virtual Real-time Object Oriented Memory Manager [Borland].VRS WordPerfect Graphics Driver (file name extension)VRT Voltage Regulation Technology [Intel]VRU Voice Response UnitVS Virtual StorageVSAM Virtual Storage Access MethodVSAT Very Small Aperture TerminalVSE Virtual Storage ExtendedVSF Vertical Scanning FrequencyVSIO Virtual Serial Input OutputVSLI Very Large Scale IntegrationVSM Virtual Shared Memory + Virtual Storage Management + Visual System Management [IBM]VSN Volume Serial NumberVSOS Virtual Storage Operating SystemVSYNC Vertical SyncVT Vertical TabVTAM Virtual Telecommunications Access Method [IBM]VUI Video User InterfaceVUP VAX Unit of PerformanceVMS Virtual Memory System + Voice Message SystemVWB Visual WorkBench [Microsoft]VxD Virtual Extended Driver [Microsoft].VXD Virtual Device (file name extension) [Microsoft]

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W/ WithW3 (see WWW)W3A World Wide Web AppletsW3C World Wide Web ConsortiumW4 What-Works-With-WhatWABI Windows Application Binary Interface [SunSoft]WAIS Wide Area Information ServerWAITS Wide Area Information Transfer SystemWAN Wide Area NetworkWATS Wide Area Telecommunications Service.WAV Waveform Audio (file name extension)WC Word Count

WCS World Coordinate SystemWDL Windows Driver Library [Microsoft]WDRAM Windows Dynamic Random Access MemoryWELL Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link (BBS)WFW Windows For Workgroups [Microsoft]WGS Work Group SystemWHAM Waveform Hold and Modify [Microsoft]WHC Workstation Host ConnectionWINE Windows EmulatorWINForum Wireless Information Networks ForumWINS Windows-Internet Naming Service [Microsoft]WINSOCK Windows Open Systems Architecture [Microsoft] + Windows SocketsWINWORD Word For Windows [Microsoft]WISE WordPerfect Information System EnvironmentWIT Web Interactive Talk [Internet].WKB Workbook (file name extension) [WordPerfect].WKE Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC].WKQ Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORQU].WKS Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC].WKZ Compressed Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORQU].WK1 Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC]WL Word LineWMC Workflow Management Coalition.WMF Windows Metafile Format (file name extension) [Microsoft]WNIC Wide-Area Network Interface Co-ProcessorWNIM Wide-Area Network Interface ModuleW/O WithoutWORM Write Once, Read ManyWOS Workstation Operating SystemWOSA Windows Open Services/Systems Architecture [Microsoft]WP WordPerfect + Word Processing + Write Protected.WPD Windows Printer Description (file name extension).WPG WordPerfect Graphics (file name extension)WPHD Write-Protect Hard Disk.WPK Keyboard (file name extension) [WordPerfect]WPM Words Per Minute.WPM Macro (file name extension) [WordPerfect]WPOS Workplace Operating SystemWPS Windows Printing System [Microsoft] + Workplace Shell [OS2]WPVM Windows Parallel Virtual Machine.WQ1 Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORPQU].WQ! Compressed Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORPQU]

WRAM Windows Random Access Memory.WRI Write (file name extension)WS WordStar + WorkstationWT Write ThroughWWIS World Wide Information System [Internet]WWW World-Wide Web [Internet]WYSBYGI What You See Before You Get ItWYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get

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XA Extended Architecture + Extended AttributeXAPIA X.400 Application Program Interface AssociationX2B Hexadecimal to Binary [REXX].XBM X-Windows Bitmaps (file name extension) (black and white).XPM X-Windows Pixelmaps (file name extension) (color)X2C Hexadecimal to Character [REXX]XCHG ExchangeXCMD External CommandXCOPY Extended CopyX2D Hexadecimal to Decimal [REXX]XDF Extended Density Format [IBM]XDR Extended/External Data RepresentationXFCN External FunctionXGA Extended Graphics Array [IBM]XID Exchange IdentifierXIOS Extended Input/Output SystemXLAT TranslateXLM Excel Macro Language [Microsoft]XMIT TransmitXMM Extended Memory Manager [LIM/AST]XMS Extended Memory Specification [LIM/AST]XNS Xerox Network System (protocol) [Xerox]XOFF Transmitter OffXON Transmitter OnXOR Exclusive OR (Also EOR)XPRM Xerox Print Resources Manager [Xerox]XRT Extensions for Real-TimeXSMD Extended Storage Module Drive (interface)XTAL CrystalXTCLK External Transmit Clock

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YAM Yet Another Modem [Omen Technology]YAHOO Yet Another Hierarchically Officious Oracle [Internet](Y/N)? (Asks for a YES or NO decision)YTD Year To Date

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.z Packed file (file name extension - using Pack/Unpack program)..lower case z..[Unix].Z Compressed file (file name extension - using Compress/Uncompress program)..upper case Z..[Unix]ZBR Zone Bit RecordingZ-CAV Zoned Constant Angular VelocityZDL Zero Delay LockoutZDS Zenith Data SystemsZIF Zero-Insertion Force (socket)ZIP Zigzag In-Line Package + Zone Improvement Plan (ZIPcode).ZIP Compressed File (file name extension) [PKWare].ZOO Compressed File (file name extension) [Dhesi]ZPV Zoomed Port Video [Toshiba]ZSL Zero Slot LAN~ Tilde* Wildcard character (asterisk)*.* Star-Dot-Star (represents Any file name.Any file name extension).$$$ Temporary File (file name extension)286 80286 (microprocessor)386 80386 (microprocessor)3COM 3 Com Corporation (The 3 Coms are Computer, Communications and Compatability)3GL Third Generation Language (procedural language)486 80486 (microprocessor)4GL Fourth Generation Language (procedural language)6DOF Six Degrees Of Freedom