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Biomass based renewable technology: 20 years of operational experiences from the NetherlandsSeminar São Paulo: RCI visiting Brazil
Hans Wassenaar08 may 2012
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About DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability
Det Norske Veritas became majority shareholder of KEMA since 1 march 2012
DNV KEMA is a company of 2,300 experts in over 30 countries around the world,
KEMA is established in 1927,annual turnover in 2011 of 250 M€
Headquartered in Arnhem, the Netherlands
Providing world-class, innovative solutions in the fields of business & technical consultancy, testing, inspections & certification, risk management, and verification.
Committed to driving the global transition toward a safe, reliable, efficient, and clean energy future.
Objective and impartial knowledge-based company, we advise and support organizations along the energy value chain
DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability is part of DNV, a global provider of services for managing risk with more than 10,000 employees in over 100 countries.
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Overview of biomass conversion techniques
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Co firing: two available techniques
1. Co-milling of biomass with coal2. Separate milling coal burners3. Separate milling dedicated biomass burners4. Biomass gasification,
syngas combusted in furnace boiler
MillsCoal
Biomass
BoilerBurners
Pre-treatment
Gasifier
Mills
2 31
4
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Co firing, a policy driven business challenge
PolicyLowering of CO2 – emissions from fossil power stations (Kyoto – 6% reduction compared to 1990 level) Renewable energy targets – 9% in 2010; 14% in 2020
Dutch policy incentives
Coal covenant with the Dutch government Stimulation by the authorities with feed in tariff (MEP)
CompetivenessCompared to other renewable energy sources Co-firing has the lowest investment cost per kWe installed and a very efficient conversion to electricity
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6
20 years of experience with co-firing in the Netherlands
1993 First trials
KEMA test boiler, 1 MWth coal-fired with 5 and 10 wt % co-firing of demolition wood, sewage sludge and pet cokes
1995-2000 Building experience
full scale power plants 3 -5 -10 wt % co-firing with a variety of (opportunity) fuels, i.e. biomass pellets, cacao shells, coffee grounds, RDF, bone meal etc.
2001 Exploring the limits
coal covenant creates new incentive to increase co-firing beyond 10 wt%, need for ash quality validation
2001-2007 Maximization
10 up to 35 wt % co-firing, with a wide range of fuels: wood pellets, palm kernel expeller, RDF, olive residues, wheat husk pellets, soya hulls etc.
2007 – now Improving key issues
Dedicated co-firing installationsMilling and unit capacityBoiler integrity & monitoring: corrosion, fouling, slaggingEnvironmental aspects: by-product quality, effect on flue gas treatment
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Current situation of co-firing in the Netherlands
Dutch coal fired power plants: 7 units, range of 400 to 630 MWe, 4000 MWe in total
Co firing a 5 locations with average of 10% (e/e) approximately 400 MWe eq.
Three supercritical coal-coal fired power plants under construction: total power of 3400 MWe Capability of 10 to 60 % (e/e) biomass co-firing
Experience in the Netherlands in more than 50 full scale trials co-firing up to 40 wt% of a wide variety of biomass and (waste) fuels with coal
Various direct and indirect co-firing routes currently in reliable, full-scale operation
Broad operational experience in co-firing with a wide variety of secondary fuels available
LIMBURG
Bonn
Brussels
NOORD-BRABANT
UTRECHTGELERLAND
ZUID-HOLLAND
FLEVOLANDOVERIJSSEL
NOORD-HOLAND
DRENTHE
FRIESLAND
GRONINGEN
ZEELAND
WESTFRISIANISLANDS
FEDERALREPUBLIC
OFGERMANY
BELGIUM
Middelburg
UtrechtThe Hague
s-Hertogenbosch
Arnhem
Lelystad Zwolle
Leeuwarden Groningen
Assen
Amsterdam
Maaskicht
ROTTERDAM
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Torrefaction, the production of biocoal
Torrefaction is essentially a biomass cracking technique. It's an additional pre-treatment step that heats the biomass to 260 – 320 ºC for up to one hour in an atmosphere of no or low oxygen content.
The fibrous structure of the biomass is partially broken down. The weakened fibre structure improves the milling properties of the biomass
The calorific value of the biomass increases typically from 12 – 16 MJ/kg to 18-22 MJ/kg, due to the loss of volatiles and moisture
The product has lost its ability to absorb moisture.
The features of torrefied biomass enable co-firing rates of more than 50% of generating output, while keeping the investments needed to co-fire biomass to a minimum.
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Market drivers of torrefaction
Financial incentives
Renewable energy production subsidies, CO2 credit cost,
cost savings at the power plant, cost-effective method to co-fire biomass, lower transport cost
Technical incentives
Higher co-firing percentage possible, no dedicated biomass equipment needed, entrained flow gasification
Environmental incentives
CO2 emissions, renewable energy targets, making waste
streams (agricultural residues) available for energy production, sustainability criteria in Europe
Strategic incentives
Security of supply, cost-effective method to comply with energy policy, life-time extension of aging assets
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Added value of torrefaction
Higher co-firing-%percentages
Torrefied product can be directly milled and co-fired with the coal. Product is dry (< 5% moisture) and has a calorific value of 20 – 22 MJ/kg
Cost savings at the power plant
Smaller mass flow and pelletized also smaller volume flow of biomass, reducing dimensions of equipment. Less biomass equipment (silo’s, dedicated feeding system, biomass mills and burners) needed compared to white biomass
Cost savings long distance transport
Volumetric energy density of torrefaction pellets is 18 GJ/m3 compared to 10 GJ/m3 for white pellets. This implies significant transport cost savings
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Torrefaction outlook
Increasing demand for larger volumes of affordable, reliable and
sustainable co-firing fuel, that can meet EU sustainability criteria.
App. 40 torrefaction demo plants in Europe and US, have to prove
they are able to continuously produce large volumes of high
quality torrefied product (specifications of off-takers)
As a next step multiple commercial sized (100 kton/yr) torrefaction
plants will be erected for supply to Europe, especially in regions
where biomass is widely available
- Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Slovakia
- Brazil, Africa, Canada, US
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DNV KEMA, your partner in biomass
DNV KEMA servicesTorrefaction opportunities
· Torrefaction strategy: buy
technology or product
· Investment decisions, business
case
· Selection of torrefaction
technology that best fits clients
business
· Selection of torrefaction supplier
· Selection of EPC contractor
· Process validation
· Product validation
· Biomass certification
· Product standardization
· Support business strategy
· Torrefaction technology benchmark
· Evaluation of initiatives and projects
· Techno-economic feasibility study
· Evaluation of business case
· Contractor survey, coordination of
tendering, owner’s representative
· Pilot plant testing, factory
acceptance test
· Small scale combustion tests
· Coordination of co-firing trials
· Sustainability of total value chain
Cooperation
Contact:ir. Hans [email protected]+31 26 356 2509or visit www.dnvkema.com