DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 092 357 SE 017 616

AUTHOR MileY, James F.TITLE Introduction to Ecology of South Florida Species,

Science (Experimental): 5365.41.INSTITUTION Dade County Public Schools, Miami, Fla.PUB DATE 72NOTE 25p.; An Authorized Course of Instruction for the

Quinmester Program

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$1.85 PLUS POSTAGEDESCRIPTORS Behavioral Objectives; *Ecology; Geology;

Instruction; *Instructional Materials; Meteorology;Science Education; *secondary School Science;*Teaching Guides; Units of Study (Subject Fields)

IDENTIFIERS *Quinaester Program

ABSTRACTThis unit of instruction deals with a study of South

Florida as an ecosystem. Consideration is given to meteorologicalfeatures, geological foundations, chemical analyses, and bioticcommunities characteristic of South Florida. A major attribute is thedevelopment of monographs about the unique natural wealth of thelower South Florida peninsula. It is required that a studeut shouldhave satisfactorily completed course work in biology equivalent toone year before taking this course. Relevant state - adopted texts arelisted in the booklet. It provides performance objectives and thecourse outline and suggests laboratory exercises, student projects,demonstrations, field trips, and guest speakers. Particular emphasiSis placed on the use of'monographs, and suggested topics withspecific instructions are provided. Also listed are relevant films,slides, and models from the Dade County Audiovisual Center.Supplementary references are recommended, and a master sheet isprovided relating each suggested activity to the specific performanceobjectives. (BB)

USECPARTMENT Of HEALTH,DUCATION isISFLAARE

NATIONALE

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INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY OF SOUTH FLORIDA SPECIES

5365.41

SCIENCE(Experimental)

Written by James F. Mileyfor the

DIVISION OF INSTRUCTIONDade County Public Schools

Miami, Florida1972

DADE COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD

Mr. William Lehnutn, ChairmanMr. 0. Holmes Braddock, Vice-Chairman

Mrs. Ethel BeckhamMrs. Crutcher Harrison

Mrs. Anna Brenner MeyersDr. Ben Sheppard

Mr. William H. Turner

Dr. E. L. Whigham, Superintendent of SchoolsDade County Public Schools

Miami, Florida 33132

Published by the Dade County School Board

Copies of this publication may be obtained through

Textbook Services2210 S. W. Third StreetMiami, Florida 33135

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EftaCourse Description 1

Enrollment Guidelines

State Adopted Texts

Performance Objeotives 2

Course Outline 3

Laboratory Exercises r. 5

Demonstrations 6.

Projects 7

Monographs Topical Suggestions * 7

Field Trips 9

Speakers 10

Films * -11

Slides 13

Models 13

Suggested Discussion Questions * 14

Supplementary References 17

Additional Supplementary Materials 19

Master Sheet 20

INTRODUCTION TO SOUTH FLORIDA ECOLOGY

cows DEScRIPTION

An introductory course providing a survey of South Florida as anecosystem. Consideration, is given to meteorological features,geological foundations, chemical analyses, and biOtio communitiescharacteristic of Sofith Florida, A major attribute is developmentof monographs abut the unique natural wealth of the lower SouthFlorida peninsula.

EN4OLLMENT GUIDELINES

This is for the serious biology student who has satisfactorilycompleted course work in biology equivalent to one year.

STATE ADOPTED TEXTS

1, BiologiCil Sciences Curriculum Study. High School piologytPEGS Green Version 2nd. Ed. Chicago' Rand, McNally andCo., 1968.

2. Biological Sciences Curriculum Study. Biokogipal,polengerknteraction of Excerimento an4 Moak- A Ws Secoh4.90usse.Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey' Prentice..Hall, Inc., 1965.

1

PERFORMAKE OBJECTIVES

1. Students will illustrate the concept of an ecosystem in asmall pond or lake using interdependence and causal relationships.

Given the major constituents of an ecosystem abiotio substances,producers consumers, and decomposers, students will apply themto characteristics of the South Florida ecosystem.

Given a-transect section of-South Florida from the east to westcoasts, students will identify measurable Olimatolocical andmeteorological phenomena.

4. Students will observe, measure, record and forecast the weatherphenomena of a specified environmental area of South Florida.

Students will distinguish between the rock deposits and soilsof South Florida which is part of the Coastal Plain physiographicregion.

Students will identify the Biscayne aquifer by describing thefour aquifers in Florida..

Students will analyse how the Kissimmee4keeohobee-EvergladeeBasin affects the water dynamics in South Florida.

B. Students will investigate diurnal changes of water in SouthFlorida using pH, gas content, and salts as determining factors.

9. Through a field study, students will investigate and record theinterfacial action of soil and water at one footsea-level.

10. Students will gather data on a minimum of one OOMMUAity in each

of the following categories*A. Sawgrass, other sedge and grass prairies.

B. Cypress heads and strands.C. Sloughs and alligator holes,D. Palmetto and pinelands.E. HammocksF. Mangroves0. Turtle grass and other martne communities.

11. Through experimental design, students will synthesize informationwhich will describe a South Florida community.

12. Students will inv,stigate, develop and write a minimum of.onemonograph on any studentselected topic of South Florida ecology.

2

20BUSUILLEI

I. South Florida as an Ecosystem

A. Location

B. Forces Causing Change

C. CharaCteriatios

Meteorological Features

A. Precipitation

B. Barometric Pressure

C. Temperature

D. Relative Humidity

E. Wind

F. Clouds

G. Marine Environmental Control

H. Local Variation

III. Geological Foundations

A. Rock Deposits

1. Limestone2. Sandstone3. Bryozoan rock4. Coral rock

B. Characteristic Soils

1. Pests and mucks2. Marls

3. Sands

C. Water Dynamics

1. Biscayne aquifer2. Diurnal changes3. Water Qualities

a. pHb. Alkalinityc. Carbon diolided. Oxygene. Total salts

Interfacial Action between Soil and Water

V. South Florida Communities

A. Bawgrass

B. Other sedge and grass prairion

C. Cypress heads

D. Strands

E. Sloughs

F. Alligator holes

G. Palmetto

H. Plnelands

I. Hammocks

J. Mangroves

K. Turtle grass

L. Any typical marine community

VI. Monographs

4

LABORATORY EXERCISES

Biological Sciences Curriculum Study. filith School Biology: DSOS GreenVersion. 22nd Edition. Chicago, Illinois: Rand McNally and ComPany, 1968.

1. Interrelationships of Producers and Consumers (Ex. 1 -5, p. 26)2. Study of a Biotic Community (Ex. 3-1, p. 76)3. Abiotic Environments. A Comparative Study (Ex. 3.2, p. 98)

4. A Study of Environmental Tolerance (Ex. 844 p. 254)

5. Temperature, Rainfall, and Biome Distribution (Ex. 8-2, p. 282)6. Succension in a Freshwater Eoosystem (EX. 9-1, p. 312)

Beakley, John and others. The Source Book of Marine Soiences. Tallahassee'

Department of Education, 1970.

7. Beach Analysis (Parts I-VI, p. 23)8. pH Determination of Sea Water (p. 23)

9. The Determination of the Salinity of Sea Waters Refractometer

Method (p. 39)10. The Determination of the Salinity of Sea Waters Titration

Method (p. 43)11. Plankton (p. 61)12. Lights The Importance of the Study of the Physical and Biological

Properties of Light in Ocean Water (p. 139)

Dade County Public, Schools. Ecology and Natural History of South Florida,

Experimental Curriculum Bulletin 85-2. Miami, Florida' Dade County

School Board, 1970.

13. Progression Laboratory, Geology of South Florida (p. 12)

14. Testing Soil Hardness (p. 24)15. Variety of Florida Rocks and Minerals (p. 30)

16. The Ability of Soil to Hold Water (p. 36)17. Chemical Determination of Salinity in Sea Water (p. 37)

18. Meteorology (p. 52)19. Standard Measurements of Clouds (p. 54)20. Temperature, Dew Point, Relative Humidity (p. 58)21. Wind Direction and Velocity (p. 61)22. Barometric Pressure (p. 62)23. Amount of Rainfall (p. 64)24. Forecast Weather Conditions (p. 65)25. Determining the Atount of Dissolved Oxygen in Water (p. 105)26. Chemically Determine the Carbon Dioxide Content of Sea Water

(p. 107)2?. Measure the Turbidity of Water (p. 114)28. samples of Green Algae as Representatives of the Group of

Food Producers (p.132)29. Constructing An Ecological Pyramid for a Water Hyacinth

CommunitY (p. 145)

Lawson, Chester A. and Paulson, Richard and Field

in Biology -A Source Book for Secondary Schools. New Yorks Holt,

Rinehartend 14inston, Inc., 1960.

30. Animals At the Beach (Section I, Topic B, Study 1, p. 12)

5

31. A Method of Measuring Carbon Dioxide (Section IV, Topic B,Study 8$ po 141)

32, Carbon Dioxide Changes in an Aquatic Environment (Section IV,Topic 8, StUdy 9$ pi 143)

Storin, tigat Nov YorksPawnee Publishing Company, Inc., 1971,

33. Locating Sources at Fresh Water (p, 60)34. Testing the Hardness of Your Water SuPPIY (p. 68)35. Testing the Oxygen Content of Water Samples (p. 72)

DEMONSTRATIONS

1. How to collect and prepare soil samples.2, Use of the Berleee funnel for collecting small soil animals.3. Suggestions on the collection of water samples..4. The Hydrologic Cycle5. Apparatus for Limnologi studies= Bottom grab, secchi disk, core,

water bottle, plankton net, stream collector, et. el.6. Determination of CaCO3 in sand samples.7. Construction of Climographs.8. Techniques for using the 24-hour clock.9. 'Techniques for charting local current systems.10. Technique for study of particle size in sedimentation rates.11. Techniques for measuring turbidity.12. Construction of a food chain by stomach analysis.13. Methods of graphical representation of trophio level biomass

relationships.14. Preparation of herbarium mounts.

6

PROJECT

1. Construct a partial food web for a South Florida Canal Bank.2. The feeding habits of fish.3. Determination of population size by the Lincoln Index Method.

4. Analysis of unripe populations.5. The decomposition of cellulose in an ecosystem.6. The role of dissolved organic substances which are abundant in water

and soil.7. Field survey of one of the followings

Coral reefFresh water canal or riverHammockMangrove areaA Florida keyPalmetto-pinelandsBeach flora-fauna

8. Gross mapping of vegetation in Big Cypress Swamp

MONOGRAPHS - TOPICAL SUGGESTIONS (See Special Instructions, p. 16)

1. Fires of South Florida: Location, Date, Severity and Significance2. Fahkahatchee Strand:. Logging and Fires, 1940-1970

3. Chemical Analysis of,South Florida Surface Water4. Water Control in Peat and Muck Soils5. Pros-Cons of the Jet Port - "The Leopold Report"6. Local Variation of the Meteorological Features of South Florida7. The Jet Port Dwarf Cypress Grove8. Diurnal Changes in a Water Habitat.9. The Everglades: "Yo-yo" Effect from Artificial Manipulation of

the Water Supply10. KissimmeeOkeechobee-Everglades Basins Canals, Levees, Dikes and

Dams, Their Effects 1881-197011. The Big Cypress Watershed and Its Impact12. The hydrologic Effects of the Pump Station 5-140 and Levee L-10013. Water Quality in Lake Tohopekaliga of the Kissimmee Lakos Chain14. Predicting the Affects of Constructing Canals C-108, 0-109, and C-11015. What is a Jim Brevis ((vmnodimium breves)?16. Progress Report of the Everglade Kite17. Impact of Sloughs: Okaloacoochee, Taylor, Shark River, and Others18. The Saline Mangrove Crescent19. Tropical Hardwood Hammocks: An Element in the Regional Landscape20. The Food Chain of Swamp Life in a "Gator Hole"21. The Role of Tidal Marshes in Estaurine Production22. The Role of the Alligator in Shaping Plant Communities and Maintaining

Wildlife in the Everglades23. "Pa-hay-o-kee", Grassy Waters Its Relationship in the South Florida

Ecosystem24. Sawgrass Prairies of the Everglades25. Forest Vegetation: Pinewoods, Hammocks, and Bayheads26. Rare and Endangered Mammals: Florida Panther and Manatee27. What is the Status? Florida Water Rat, Everglades Mink and American

Osprey

28. Duck Rock . An Offshore Island Rookery29. Saw Palmetto Rings . Mystery of the Everglades30. Biscayne Bay A Shallow Sub.Tropioal Estuary31. Thermal Pollution and Turkey Point32. Significance of the Strangler Fig33. Still, Sunny Water and the Water Hyacinths34, Caesar's- Weed and Melaleuca . Arch Pests?35. Thermal Aquaculture36. The Tropioss A Frontier in Meteorology37. Life in ThallasLa Beds38. Birth of a Florida Key39, Fossilized Mangrove Reef40. Life on a Keys. Elliott, Kingston, Paradise, Big Pine, Areeniker or

One of-Your Choosing41. Fresh Water Algae of South Florida42. The Jet Stream and South Florida Weather43. South Florida Thunderstorms . A Meteorological Mystery44. Atlantic Hurricanes » History of Reality45. Why Don1t Hurricanes Occur More Often? Changing Trends in Storms46. Rainfall Frequency and Local Variation4?, Analysis of Tbrnadoes From the Kissimmee-OkeechobeeEverglades Bain

Through the Florida Keys48. Van - Changing the Local Weather49. Numerical Weather Analysis and Predictions in Brossard, Dade, Collier

and Monroe Counties50. Interdependence Around a Coral Reef51. Fauna of it Sand Flat Habitat52. The Coconut Crab (Birgus latro) - /0 There a Habitat in South Florida?53. SignificanCe of Organic, Compounds in Sea Water54. 00Mparison-ofSize Fractions Employed in Minera100henieal Analysis

And Physical Analysis of Soils Found in South Florida55. The Rate of Growth of Periphyton in a Specified Area of the Big

Cypress Swamp56. Waves and Beaches - The Dynamics of the Ocean Surface57. The Gulf 'Stream Story58. Trees of South Florida -Unique Communities and Interrelationships59. Habitat and Behavior of Endangered Bird Species, of the Everglades60, Characteristics, Niches, and Environmental Factors of the Red,

White, and Black Mangroves61. EOology Of Lignum Vita Key62, A Study of Plankton-Microorganisms in a Selected Fresh Water Lake63. Hurricane Donna . Ten Years Later64. The Geologic Work of Mangroves in Southern Florida65. Flora and Fauna in-the Ten Thousand islands66. Bird Rookeries of the Everglades67. A Study Of epiphytioal Plants Endemic to Florida68. An ftamination of Seasonal Changes in Trematode Populations69, Lite-on the-Mud:kite-

-70. YAIficatian'd Florida's Normal Water Drainage Systems71. The $006te'et'Algel Blooms in the ECOlogy of-the Everglades72. A=0006f-Wild 04 Native 'Perini of South Florida

delfi tio046ii-"A-CiOlogio Feature of South Florida Terrain74. t6Olo -716r-Bigie tut

75; Charkotif at4sIi0-:640tican-c0 of the-Key-Deer

76. The Color Change of the Fiddler Crabs A Mystery of the Marshlandsand Sandy Flats

77. A Study of the Florida Tree Snail (Liguus)78. Survival Relationship of the Everglade Kite (Rostrhamus sooiabillis)

and the Snail ( aria, sp.)79, Florida Marine Shelling* Southeastern Atlantic and Gult Coasts80, Bird Field Study of a Selected Area, such as,

Miami Bayfront ParkRickenbacker Causeway, Virginia and Biscayne KeysSouth Allapattah Farmlands (Old Cutler Road, Richmond Road,Deering Estate, Franjo Road, Galloway Road, Black Creek,Coconut Palm Drive)

The Taniami Trail and Loop RoadEverglades National ParkGreynolds ParkLower Keys AreaThe Dry TortugasCorkscrew Swamp Sanctuary

81, The Saga of the Cross- Florida Barge Canal

FIELD TRIP

1, Rickenbaoker Causeway, Virginia and Biscayne Keys2. Dade County Public Schools Environmental Education Center Area3. The Tamiami Trail and Loop Road4. Everglades National Parks. Florida Olty Cape Sable5. Everglades National Parks Shark Valley Loop Road6. Everglades National Parks Everglades City Chokoloakee7. Fahkahatohee Strand *Collier County8. Jet Port Area (by permission and arrangement)9. Weather-Bureau, Experimental Meteorology and National Hurricane

Center Research-Laboratories10. Corkscrew Swamp Audubon Sanctuary *Naples Florida11, Lake Tohopekaliga Kissimmee, Florida12, Ten Thousand Islands-'and Marco Island13. South Florida Flood Control Canals and Levees14. Florida Power and Light -00-s Turkey Point (by arrangement)15. Florida -Keyes Elliott, KingstOn, Paradise, Big Pine, Arsenicker,

Lignum Vita, Long, Key West, Key Largo and others16, Matheson Hammock17, Black Point Park18, Cwaissa Bauer Park19, Boar "Cut20, Oreynetcle Park21. Viscaikon4 MuseUi of Science Nature Trails22. Area Of taielkeeichObie -

23. kami aria Ho EaYfrO0 Parks24. _Vnitleit -erNaimi-bita4ellenting-Statione-in the Evergladei

(0 040 amenq25.26* *DA pp 401t4144 ,

27. OthOOtealf nerida and*mpeon PO.k_«-Miami; Ploriaa

=1*-1Argoillerida404iiiikeimP

9-

30, Hugh Taylor Sttte Park31, Pahokee (Thirty Acres on U. S. 441)32. Miami Central Senior High School Lake)3. Tropical Park Fresh Water Lake14. Sewell Park

35. lake Apopka . Apopka, Florida

36. Selected Points Along the Miami River

A-Mggla

Dr. Leonard J. Greenfield, ChairmanDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Miami

Mr. Leonard PardueU. S. Weather BureauComputing Center BuildingUniversity of Miami

Mrs. Patti AmonMetropolitan Dade CountyParks and Recreation Department

4. Tropical Audubon Society SpeakersArranged by Flora O'Brien - 443.5418 (Telephone after 000 P. HO

5, Park RangersArranged by contacting: Everglades Park Headquarters

State Road 27Homestead, FloridaTelephone: 247.6211

6, Arthur R. MarshallCenter for Urban and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Miami

Mr, James RedfordMangrove ChapterIzaak Walton League of America

Speakers available. from Rosenstiel School of Marine and AtmosphericSoiencee. Write to: Public Information Office

Rosenstiel School of Marine and AtmosphericSciencesUniversity of MiamiRickenbacker CausewayMiami, Florida 3)1491

SpeakersContact:

-available-from the U. S.BefijaMin:M6Phareen

U4-S.'0001egiOal SUrVey'514.

lolof do

Telephbzie r *IP:02

10

Geological Sur'vey

Wai0i-Risour ego Division

10. Dr. William WoodleyNational Hurricane Research LaboratoriesComputing Center BuildingUniversity of Miami

k,

County Publics Schools 16mm films available at Audio.Visual Services,Lindsey Hopkins Building

1. ven u in in nervationAV# 1 -10 18 131, 0

2. Animal Life Cvp10, An (AIRS Pt. 5. No. 2)A41-30539, 281, C

3. Anyone for DivingAV 1 »30$59, 304, 0

en oA 1-12918, 141, 0

5. Birds of a Florida MarshAO 1-11196, 141,

6. girth of allorida KeyA41.12252, 180, 0

7. gassing From the SeaAV# 1-11022, 201, 0

8. The Bnohanted KO'AV# 1-02947, 10c C

9. fliot.,,M2,...A.Lzaloa,

AV# 140949, 301, 010. Eftglred,Atistacrats (Local Song Birds)

AV# 14119% 111, C11. on

AV 144911, 10$ 012. She Fl rida Al i ator

Ail; .02885, 0, 013. b' Florida River; Its Wildlife (St. Lucie)

AV# 144923011,- C14. just Off_Ahore

AV# 1-02958,'111 C15, ao____LMulagdtlaesiflersof

AV# 140954 26116, Royal BirdS of Florida

AV # 1.02907f4'101-, 017. Sea lurtkes of_ oridA

AY# 141194141,-018,. Snakes oc 11'lorida-

AV#'1428773-19. Of 6 n

204 rtul World-of Florida1511c0

21. o-terVin Balance

11

23.AV 1- 02.57, 111, 0

24. Liajam_tht,WateriaYoAV# 1.02194, 111, C

25. Animal habitatsAV# 1.02370, 101, C9a1ance in-Nature.AV# 1.11141, 171, 0

27. N' to Re ouroes ToAV' .0042, 111, C

28. piversitY it; Form and ,Size,AVi 1-31535, 281, 0

29. pterrelationships For_Surviv4AV# 1-30558, 28', C

30. ,strange Partners: Symbiosis in the SeaAV# 1.13718, 131j 0

31. o a of-Yo mmunitAV 1-045 3, 101, 0

32. Waves on WaterAV# 1-10987, 161, 0

33. Origin of WeatherAV# 1.30376, 261, BW

Educational Media Contort F. S. U., Tallahassee, Florida 32306(Rental charge for films)

'34. L oun a Bi Ice 171 0,-IBF ($7.00)35. Bekhan Sea Anina1p,,-(Second Edition) 111, BW-($2.00)36. 271, BW, MoGraw.Bill ($5.75)37. ltInimal Communities: Interrelationships, 141, C, CoronetI38. qhanAng River, 161, 0, IBF ($5.80)39. Anertijklatiolls, 290, C, McGray.H111 ($7.95)40. Itimnology, 291, C, McGraw-1111 (7.95)

41. Floridan Wealth or Waste, 2211 0, Southern Ed. ($5.40)

42. Challenge of the Oceans, 271, Op McGrau.R111 ($6.75)43. Marine tool:bap 291, C, McCraw.Hill ($7.95)44. Weather,,- BW, EBF 42.00

45. 102411aJAILlisatko_JAVelb 11', C, 'Fa ($3.75)

DAQg QOUNTX AUDIQ444UALAIDEP

1. Ivey lades National Park, 0, 2 x 2 SlidesAV# 5.20094, 14 Slides

2. ElfiALrdt.,_LjacLLL4iflo±w , 0, 2 x 2 SlidesAV 5-70017

3. yirftss*FlitL&alCel, 0, 2 x 2 Slides

4V I4. li 11, 2 x 2 Slides

AV 5400085. Swamp Scenery, 28, 2 x 2 Slides

AV# - 20094

DADE COUNTY AUDIO-VISUAL MODELS

1. Florida Bay ModelAV# 6-00126, 0 8

2. FlOIlda Rooks and MineralsAV# 6-00129, 0 18

3. Florida Shells, Set 1AV# 6-00121, 0 59

4. Florida Shells, Set 2AV# 6-00052, 0 19 (260

54 Florida Shells, Set 3t UnivalveAV# 6-001590 0 72-Soils of FloridaAV# 6-00032 0 8

13

and Bivalve

pumksiv DISCUSSION OUESTXONS

1, Does thermal pollution affeot life in Biscayne Bay/

What position does periphyton occupy in the food chains ofconsumer organisms?

3. How would rapid thermal increases affect copepods?

4. What would happen if Dade County lost all of its water supply?

5. The pros-cons and alternatives of the Jet Port.

6. What effeots does water control have on the peat and muck soilsof the Everglades?

7, What is the Floridan Plateau?

8, What is happening to the sea level right now?

9. Distinguish five types of hammocks.

10. Describe a "gator hole".

11. Discuss how fire is a major influence on ;land, much of whichis -submerged for half the year..

12. Conore-lora and fauna of the West Indies with South Florida.

13. Give reasons for the establishment of the Everglades NationalPark.

14. Discusi the seasonal 4010 of rising and falling water as adominant faot in the livee of all animals of the Everglades.

15. Describe the'struoture and distribution of coral roofs,

16. Trace biologically the evolution of the Florida Keys..

17. Discuss important climatic factors for reef and lagoon biology,

Beakley, John and others. The Source Book of Marine Science. Tallahassee:Department of Education. 1970,

18. p. 13 #1 - 9 Tides

19. P 16 5 Current Systems

20. p.-27-is #1 .-4 -Sand Partiolev

21. -pl. 31 #1 = 5 Turbidity

-22. p. 34 ,Noafiiteiablaltaaidue__

14

23. p. 3? - #1 5 pH of Sea Water

24, P. 49 #1 . 4 Marine Bacterio108Y

25. p. 70 - #1 - 15 Plankton

26. p. 107 - #1 - 6 Statistical Analysis

27, p. 136 - #1 7 Feeding Habits of Fish

28. p. 138 . #1 . 4 Salinity

29. p. 146 - #1 - 4 Marine Populations

30. Describe the physiographic regions of Florida

31. What are the characteristic soils of Florida and the causesof their formation/

32. What is the role of dew in an ecosystem?

33. How could fluctuations in salinity affeot the biological population in an area?

34. What steps can be taken to protect natural areas from destruotiont

35. Discuss plant and anima succession from saw grass to the highestpoint in a hammock,

36, Discuss Greynolds Park as c.n ecological community and compareit to other Dade County Parks*

37. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a cross-Floridabarge canal?

38, Analyze the Environmental Education Act, Public Law 91-516 asit relates to Florida.

SpECI41, INSTRUCTIONS

I. It is expected a major contribution from this course will be amonography by students, either singly or in small groups.

A monograph is defined as a methodical, written discussion of thefacts and principles involved and conclusions reached..

3. A list of topics for monographs are found on pages 7 - 9 of thiscourse.

4. The components of a monograph should includes

TITLE PAGE Include a title adequately describing the research, yourname, name of your teacher, school location, and the date.

ABSTRACT This is a summary of the results and conclusions presentedin the monograph, In general, the abstract should not be longer thanone page. Include the title, your name, school name, and date at thetop of the page..

INTRODUCTION - Tell why the problem you selected was worth investigatingand what the state of,knowledge was at the time you undertook the problex.

PURPOSE - In particular, you should state clearly what you were tryingto accomplish by your research.

METHOD - Include information on analytical procedures, (statistics)experimental techniques, and other significant activities.

RESULTS . Present the data'in an organized form. This is-frequently doneby means of graphs and tables,- The data may be discussed in terms of'itastrengths and weaknesses. It may compare your results with those of

= others and suggestions for further investigations.

SUMMARY - State briefly what experiments you did, what the results were,and what conclusions you reached from theee results.

REFERENCES - List all the references to the scientific literature madein the body of the report. , Any one of several styles may be ktvc1 inlisting the bibliography,

5. The additional supplementary materials listed on page 19 are in-dicated_as generel resources because of the numerous articles andinforthation'aviilible-froM each 'source. These resources Will0014 information` and materials. ponograpna #14010 -itudio0# -

and attiv1t4ea. Toathera may coast:tha sources dirootly or 2:

U66Y0CReader's 6- t -6

defierallyrififOrMetiWfrofirthe-list"5-17;166WonW-Shofild-be-C6*-Sidered.'

The---atUdint text referencee=i0TO'beeensidered-sfOr-rey140 of basic

-6eneet4i4ither-thWfWiitiri0040tiOalstood students iiiito-#44-464.3-4r-taggl-41400-i 1 o 64 ii-14a

-16

PSEPLIZEMBLEBSEMEZI

1. Amos, William H. jimnologY Aft Introduction.to the Fresh WaterEnvirqnment. Chestertown, Maryland: LaHotte Chemical Co., 1969.

2. Atkinson, Brooks. "Biscayne Bay . The Spender, The Endless Fightto Save It". Audubon. 725: 3647, 1970.

3. Boolootian, Richard A. Biology of Coral Atolks BSOS PamphletW. Boston, Massachusetts: D. C. Heath and Co., 1963.

4. Craighead, Frank C. Orchids and Other Air Plants. Coral Gables,Florida: University of Miami Press, 1963.

5. DeBel1, Garrett. The Environmental Handbo.A. New York:

Ballantine Books, Inc., 1970.

6. Douglas, Donald G. and Stewart, John R. (ed.). The Vanishinglandscape. Skokie, Illinoid: National Textbook Co., 1970.

7. Lmmont, H. J. "A Quantitative Method for the Study of Periphyton". ItimnologY and Oceanography 144 303-307, 19590

8. Engel, Leonard. IheiSea. New York: Time, Inc., 1960.

9. Farb, Peter, geology. New York: Time, Inc., 1963.

10. nth, Henry D. A Study of Soil Soience. Chestertown, Maryland:LaMotte Chemical Co., 1970.

11. Cants, Charlotte Orr. A Naturalist in Southern Florida. CoralGables, Florida: University of Miami Press,-1971.

12. Kolipineki, Milton 0. and Rigor, Aaron L. "Ecological. Researchin Everglades National Park". pational Patio) liagasine.. 40,

#299, 1966.

13. Leopold, Luna B. and Davis, Kenneth S. Water. New York,Time, Inc., 1968.

14. Long, Robert W. and Lakela, Olga. A Flora of Tropical Florida,of th; ants an. 4: u ninsular

Florida. Coral Gablesaloridat University of ami-Press,-1971.

15. Marotta, R. B. A Geography of Florida. Dubuque, Iowa: -WilliamBrown CO. 1964.

16., McClain, 'Thomas B. and ZaraOkY, DaVid. -XnViropmental.ControlA CopOleto NatonarTektbbok'-00419706

-17. 'MoOluney,_WilliaM_ROsa (04).::-The 4nViranmenta Des tetign ofutli116- MU V0141 V*iSe =1

17

18. Nigrelli, 119$0 Metabolite( of the' Set BSC Pamphlet 17.Boston, Massachusetts: D. C. Heath and Co., 1963.

19. Odum, E. P. FwadameAfels of Wiwi, Philadelphia, Penns-ylvania: W. B. Sunders Co,, 1.963.

20. Pettit, Ted S. A Guide NaOreyroJects.. New York:W, W. Norton and Co., 1

21. Renn, Charles E. Investigating Water Problems. Chestertown,Marylandt tallotte Chemical CO., 1970.

22. Our Envit2pmellt Battles WatayChestertown, Maryland: LaMotte Chemical Co.,

14eiti.92

23. 4 Study of WatorAytlifv. Chestertown,Maryland* LaMotte Chemical Co., 1968.

24. Reynolds, William M. and Unger, James J. pegon0 Tkopghts op

environmental Controk, Skokie, Illinois: National Textbook

Co., 1970.

25. Robertson, Jr., William B. orCoral Gbles, Florida: University Miami Press, 459,

26, Smith, F, 0. Walton. ittlantil Reef Corals.. Coral Cables,_

Florida: University of Miami_Press, 1971.

27, Stephens,. William. '.uthern Seashores. New York: Holiday

House) 1968.

28. Tebeau, Charlton W. ran ,In the EWrglades.' Coral Cables,Florida: Tniversity of Miami Press 1970.

29. Thompson, Philip D. and O'Brien, Robert. Weather. Nev York:

Time, Inc., 1965.

30. Truesdell, William, 11.4:GuidetothelnessWarwaaEverglades National Park. Coral Cables, Florida: University

of MiaMi Press, 1970,

31. Wiley, O. T. (ed.). A7700/alOcear.Orlando, Florida: ThiiTiotu.of100,--1966.

mr.

18-

0.21.=ligaUenatanaLMAISBIAL4

1. AUDUBONNational Audubon Society1130 Fifth Avenue

New York, N. !. 10028

2. ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHSDuke University PressDurham, N. 0, 27706

3. FLORIDA CONSERVATION NEWSFlorida State Board of ConservationTallahassee, Florida 32304

4. FLORIDA WILDLIFEFlorida Game and Fresh Water Fish CommissionTallahassee, Florida 32304

5. THE FLORIDA NATURALISTFlorida Audubon SooietyP. 0. Drawer 7

Maitland, Florida 32751

6. SCIENCEAAAS1515 Massachusetts Ave" N. W.Washington, D. C. 20005

7. SCIENTIFIC AMERICANSOiantifio American, Inc.415 Madison Ave.Nov York, N. Y. 10017

8. SEA FRONTIERS AND SEA SECRETSInternational Oceanographic Foundation1 Rickenbacker CausewayVirginia KeyMiami, Florida 33149

9. MAPS PAMPHLETSU. S. Geologieal Survey51 S. W. 1st Avenue-Miami, Florida

10. BULLETINS',

Univer4ty of Florida_ AgriculturaldOn00111e041014

19

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01. alp, 15,14, 31,22, 29,30,12, 1,12,23 17,18, 21,24, 13,1405,

01. Chap. 19,20, 25,26, 36

7 22,24, 28,29,01. Chap. 25,26, 31,34,

8 27,29, 35,37,fl. Chap. 31,32, 38,41,

9 11,15 45

2 1,2,1,4,6, 01. Chap. 4,5,6,7, 1,2, 1,2,3, 1,2,4,5, 2,4,5, WO, 1.1, 2,6,7,8,9, 5.6 25,28,19, 1,2,3,4,5,7,12,13, 1 9,12,13 3,4, 4.5.6, 6,7,8,9 6.8,9, 4,5 1,4, 10,11,12, 15,21,9, 6,7,8,9,10 ,15,28,29, 5,7, 7,10, 10,11, 5,6 13,15,15, 26,14,11,30,32 8 11,12, 13,14, 16,13,18, 30,4,20,

13,15, 20.21, 21,24,25, 3,21,7,16,17, 22,23, 26,21,29, 12,218,19, 24,25, 10,11,32,20,21, 26,28, 33,35,3627,21, 29,30,24,25, 31,34,26,21, 35,17,28,29, 18,41,30,31, 42,451201,14,15

3 1,4,5,14, 01. Chip. 3,4,5,7, 1,7 1.2,8, 1.2,5.4, 1.5.9, 4,5,7,11, 5,6 19,15,9, 112.3.4,5,16,18,19, 1 8,9 1,13, 8,4,10 11,20, 14,17,18, 29,13,6, 6,7,8,9,1020,21,22, 01. Chap. 14,21, 31,32, 11,20,21, 5,16,24,23,24 2 24 33,36, 21,28110, 20,21,2),

39,41, 32,34,33 22,1

44

4 3,405,18, 01. Chap. 4,1,3.1 1,2,3, 2,4,5,9, 9,11, 1,1 12,13,14, 5,6 25,28.15, 1,2.1,4,5,11,70,21, 2 4.5,6, 10 20,31, 17,18.19, 27,9,11, 6,2,8,0,1022,21,2: 01. Chap. 7,8,9, 32,31, 20,10,15, 36,20

8 10,15, 15,14, 1801. Chap. 16,11, 39,41,

11 18,19, 44

20,21,24,75,12,11

S 14,15,16 01. Chap. 1.2,6,8 6.R 1,2,1, 1,3,4,5, 1,6,8, 6 70,21,22, 5,6 6,16.25. 1.2,3,4,5,1 . 4,5,7, 6,1.9 11,21, 19,31 28,11.15, 6.7.8.9.10

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10 1,2,6,7, 01. Chap. 12,1) 1,2,3, 1,2,3, 1,3,4, 4,5,6, 1,2,3, 1,2,3, 7,9,10, 5,6 25,19,23, 1.20.4.5,12,28, 1 4,7,8 4,5,6, 5,6,7, 8,9,10, 4,5 4,5 12,13,15, 15,27,17, 6,2,6,9,1u

29,30 1. Chip. - 7,10, 8,9 11,12, 16,24,25, 9,26,14,3 11,14, 11,14, 26,27,29, 11,6,30,

I. Chap. 15,16, 15,16, 10,35,36 4,11,20,

7 17,18, 12,18, 1,7,12,2I. Chap. 19,20, 19,20,

8 22,24, 21,22,

II, Chap, 25,26, 23,24,9 31,32, 25,26,

PI. Chap. 33,35, 29,31,

11 36 34,35,

II. Chap. 17,41,

20 41,4502. Sec.

9

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11 2,6,7, 12,11,14 1,2,3, 1,2,3. 1,3,4, 4,5,6, 1,2,3, 1,2,3, 7,100, 5,6 25,28,17, 1,2,3,4,5,

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18 11,13,14

.