DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 206 572 SP .018 240

AUTHOR Metz, A. Staford:ICrane, Jane L.TITLE' Ne4 Teachers in the Job Market.INSTITUTION National Center for Education Statistics (ED),

Washingtone.D.C.PUB DATE Aug 80NOTE ' 28p. .

L

EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage..DESCRIPTORS *Beginning Teachers: *College praduates: Employment

... Patterns: *Teacher.Education: *Teacher Employment:*Teacher Supply and Demand

,-.

JABSTRACTThis report considers the question of'whit becomes of

College graduates who are newly qualified to teach and who face ateacher surplus. Natibnal'statistics provide data on the followingquestions: WhWis the state-of the market for new teachers? -How dograduates newly quhlified to teach fare in the labor market comparedto other graduates? What kinds of jobs do graduates newly qualifiedto teach get when they aren't teaching?-and; What is the outlook forteaching jobs over the next several years? These question areexamined for bachelor's degree recipients who were graduated between

' July 1, 1976, and June no, 1977. Their job status is that -whichexisted in February-1978. In certain cases, comparisons are made withthose who were graduated during the same period two years earlier.The statistics show that there were fewer graduates newly qualifiedto teach in 1976-77-than in 197475, and that data group faredsomewhat better,than their seers two years earlier. Most graduated in

-the fields of special education, general elementary, and Englishinstruction. (JD) -

****************1:************************************ **************** ,

* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best'hatcan be made ** Irom'the original document. , 341

**************************4****,0****i*********************************

NEWair ACHERS

IN THE

JobRkET

byA. Stafford MetzandJane L. CraneNational Centerfor Education 'Statistics

a

.)U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCAT6NEDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INEORMATIbN

CENTER IERICI' This document hose been reproduced as

received from the person or organizationoriginating it

wfilinor changes have been made to improvereproducton quality

6 Points of way. or OpethonS stated In this documeat do not necessanh, represent official Mi.

toPOSItn or poky

"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

.,TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."

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U.S. Department of EducationShirley M. HufsteblerSecretary

Office of Educational Research and ImprovemeinF. James RutherfordAssistant Secretary

National Center ftfir Education StatisticsMarie D. EldridgeAdministrator

qtional Center for Education Statistics

"The purpose of the Cpnter shall be to cone& anddisseminate statistics and other data related toeducation in the United States and in other nations.The Center shall . . . collect, collate, and, from tirtieto time, report full and complete statistics on theconditions of education in the United States; conductand publish reports on specialized analyses of themeaning and significance of such statistics; . . . and

/ review and report on education activities in freigncpuntries."Section 406(b) of the General EducationProvisions Act, as amended (20 U.S.C. 1221e1).

' Library of Catalog Card Number 80.600191

ForewordFaced with a general teacher surplus that has existed

since the early 1970's, how have college students con-siiiering a teaching career responded? What becomes ofcollege graduates newly qualified' to teach? This reportaddresses these general issues, which-concern collegestudents and education policymakers alike. ,Specific-ally, the report considers the folloWing questions. Whatis the state of the market- for new teachers? How dograddates newly qualified to teach fare in the labormarket compared to other graduates? Whit kinds ofjobs do graduates newly qualified to \ teach get whenthey aren't leaching? What is the outlook for teachingjobs over the next several years?

These questions are examined for bdchelor'srecipients who graduated between July 1, 1976, andJune,30, .1977. Their job status is that which existedin Februlry 1918. In certain -cases, comparisons aremade with bachelor's recipients who graduated duringthe same period two years,,eaplier.

This report is in response to Section. 406 of the-General Education Provisions Act, which 'calls for aperiodic study' of the demand for and availability ofteachers. Data on graduates newly qualified to teachwere obtained through 1978 Survey of 1976-77College Graduates. Estimates of the total teacherdemand over the period 1961-1988 are fr6m the NCESProjections of Education Statistics series. The National

S.

iii

4

1

rR

Education Association prdvided data on the supply -of new teachers between 1961 and 1977.

Leslie J. Silverman Marie D. EldridgeActing Director ,AdministratorDivision of Elementary National Center for

ald Secondary Education StatisticsEducation Statistics

August 1980

For More Information

Information about the Center's statistical programand a catalog of NCES publications may be obtainedfrom the Statistical Information Office, NationalCenter for Education Statistics, (205 .PresidentialBldg.), 400 Vary' ldrid Ave. SW., Washington D.C.20202, telephone' (301) 436 -7900. Inquiries con-cerning tapes of the 1978 Survey of ,Recent CollegeGraduates should be directed to the Data SystemsBranch at the same address, telephone (301) 436-7944.

1

,ContentForeword.

For More Information iii

Highlights

Overview 1

vi

"Number of Persons Netvly Qualified to Teachand Employed as Teachers 3

Comparing Bachelor's Recipients from 1974-75and 1976-77 3

Bachelor's Recipients Newly Qualified to Teachand Other Bachelor's Recipients: How TheyFared in the Labor Market

Finding a Teaching Job rom One Field to theNext .

The Kinds of Jobs Held by Bachelor's RecipientsNewly and Not Newly Qualified to Teach

The Outlook for Elementary and SecondarySchool Teacifers

Appendix: DescriptiOn of,the Surveys

A)

Tables.

1. Bach'elor's and master's degree recipients'who were newly qualified to teach, appliedto teach, and had beaching jobs

4

4

5

6

'25

A. 1976-77 graduates in spring 1978 . . . . 9

. B. 1974-75 graduates in spring 1976 . . . . 10-

C. 1974-75 compared to 1976-77graduates newly q4alified to teach . . .

Reasonslhy 1976-77Sachelor's recipientsilewly qualified to teach did not apply fora teaching job

11

V

3. Indicfield

4ts of employment status by major

A. 19 45-77 gra.cluaties in spring 1978 . .

B. 197 7.5 graduates in spring 1976 . . . .

4. Elemen -secondary- school teaching',status iii bruary 1978 of 1976-77 bache-lor's 'de recipients who were newlyqualified c teach, by field of teacherpreparatio

A. Numbe 15

13

14

16,"

5. Occupation 0.;February 1978 of 1976-77bachelor's rettients newly qualified and'not newly q fied to teach, by employ-ment status

A. Newly clualih6d to teach / 17

B. Not newly cjiialfied to teach 18

C. Selected occupations

6. Enrollment in re elementary andsecondary day school, supply of newlyqualified teachers, land demand for addi-tional teachers: 1961 011.968 * 20

.

19°'

Charts

1." Public and nonpublic 'elementary andsecondary school= grits- 23

2. Demand for total ack oral teachers andfor newly qualified teacheis

3. Supply ,of newly qualiiie4 teachers and ofthose who applied foeleacliing jobs, anddemand for` newly qualified applicants. .

.

5

23

24

`How graduates newly qualified to teach fared in thelabor market_

MWBetween the 1974-75 and 1976-77 schoolyears, 'the number of bachelor's degree recip-ients newly . qualified to teach dropped by

-about 52,000, or 23 percent. This occurreddespite the stability -in the total number of'graduates with bachelor's degreesabout930,0001n both years (tables 1A, 1B, and1C). The decrease continues a trend whichstarted in 1972.73 (chart 2).

The smaller number of 1976-77 bachelor'srecipients newly qualified to teach fared'somewhat better than did 074-75 baqhelor'srecipients in getting a teaching job (60 percentcompared to 54 percent). Those who appliedfor a teaching job did considerably better in\getting a teaching job, 77 percent in 1976-77compared to `64 percent in 1974-75 (tableslA a.nd 1B).

About 71,000 of those bachelor'srecipients who became newly quilified toteach in 1976-77 did not teach after gradua-

,tion compared with ips,000 two years earlier,a decrease of 34,000.

The- 1976-77 bachelor's recipients newlyqualified to teach fared somewhat better inthe labor market in FebrUary 19713'than allother bachelor's recipients as a group: Theemployment profile for the former was similarto that of bachelor's recipients of the otherprofessional schools as a group (table 3A).Those newly qualified to teach Were much

,better off by these indicators than-liberal artsgiaduates.

The following shows the fields in whichbachelor's recipients newly qualified to teachwere most" and least likely to have full-timeteaching jobs (see table 4 for a detailed)

. breakdown):

Most

'Field

Percent withfull-time

teaching job'

special education 64general elementary 58English 58mathematics 55-

.Field

beast

Percent Withfull-time

teaching job

art` .19 .

business

Of those bachelor's recipients newlyqualified to teach who were employed, 30

,,.percent held jobs in fields other than educa-tion-12 percent held ocher professional,managerial and technical level jobs, 1'8 percentheld nonprofessional, nonmanagerial and non-technical level jobs. Less than 0.5 percentwere in the Armed Forces (tablefA).

In contrast, among all other employedgraduates 37 percent held. nonprofessional, knonmanagerial and nontechnical level jobs.Two percent of all other gradtiate; the

Armed Forces.

1974-75 1976-77 ChangeNumber Perc4it Number Percent

S

Total backelor's recipients 931,700 , 929,100 - 2,000

Total newly qualified to leach 229,500 100 177,200 100 -52,300Not teaching 105,000 46 ' 71,000' . 40, -34,000

Did not apply - 35,700 16 40,000 .-23 +4,300Applied., not teaching 69,300 30 31,000. - 17 -38,300

.eaching 124,500 54 106,200 .. 60 -,18,300

6W

, Oveiview.

Betning with the 1972.73 school year;the numberof co ge students choosing teaching as a eerdecreased continuously in response to a sh

' teacher market. By this time, a large teacher surplus ,had already Occurred: For the 1977.78 school year,however, job prospects pieved to be slightly betterfor new teachers 'than in the previous several years. Infact, those bachelor's recipients who actually appliedfor a teacrung job after kating in 1976-77 faredconsiderably better than their Ebunterparts two years ..earlier between-the two years, the percent of thosethat had teaching jobs increased from 64 to 77 percent.This is an encouraging development for students whom,have been viewing teaching with diminishing hope.

Oveiall, graduates newly qualified to.teach competewell in the labor market, whether they. teach or not.Those receiving bachelor's-degrees in 1976-77 faredbetter as a group in February 1978 than bachelor's .

a

recipients not ,newly qualified to teach. The former,gaup participated more in the labor force, were morefrequently employed full-timeand were more often infields closely related to their majorsand were unem-ployed or underemployed less often-.

The 1980's -hold more promise for prospectiveteachers than the 197Q's. Enrolltpents at the elemen-tary level are ezgfected to rise. soon, creating a corre-

- sponding -rise in the demand for teachers. Whether ornot a teacher shortage' occurs in the face of thisincreasing deinand depends upon how quickly the dropin supply is reversed. Should this reversal occurquickly, a surplus will continue; if it does not occur for4 or 5 more years,*an overall shortage of teachers mayarise.

.The following sections provide a detailedbreakdown of the employment status of graduatesnewly qualified to teach.

14

(.

0

, A

I

'/N

Number, of Persons Neirly ..

Qualilied-to Teach and -

Employed as Teachers4;

. Between July t976 and June 1977, an estimated190,200 college graduates with bachelor's andmaster's degrees became qualified to teach for thefirst time (177,200 bachelor's and 13,000 master'sI

recipientstable 1A). This represented 15 percentof all graduates with bachelor's and master's degrees(19 percent of bachelor's and 4 percent of master'srecipients). The number of graduates newlyqualified to teach also represented-8 percent of the2,448,000 elementary and secondary school teacherwork force in fall 1977.

An estimated 43,500 (23 percent) of ,thosepersons newly qualified to teach had not applita fora teaching job within about 1 year after graduation(table 1-A). .

Of the total newly qualified to teach, 49 percent(93,300) obtained lull-time teaching 'positions forthe school year following graduation, which is 64percent of those who applied for ,a teaching job.About 33,300 (18 percent) of those newly qualifiedto teach applie,d'for but did not have a teaching job(table 1A).

Combining graduates who did not apply for ateaching job' with those who applied but were notteaching gives 40 percent who were newly qualifiedto teach but not teaching. (

Of those bachelor' recipients who did not applyfor a'teaching jOb, a little less than half.did not wantto teach. About another one-fourth wanted to teach-at a later time. Only 7 percent of the total said thatteaching jobs were so hard to get, they did notbother to apply (table 2).

3

Comparing Bachelor's'Recipients from 1974-75 .

and.1976-77From 1974-75 to 1976-77, the number of

ebachelor's redipients newly qualified' to teach. decreased by an estimated 52,300 (23 per-

centtable-1C).

Given the large drop in the number of bachelor'srecipients in 1976-77, the decrease in those teachingfull-time was comparatively small-12 percent. Thenumber of those who applied but were not teaching,on the other.hand, showed a large relative,dedrease,55 percent. This indicated that those in 1976.77newly qualified to teach who applied for a teachingjob fared considerably better in, getting a teachingjob than did the 1974-75 graduates (table 1C). '

The number of bachelor's recipients applying to.teach in 1976.77 dropped 29 percent from thecomparable 1974-75 figure. Thus, a somewhatsmaller prhportion of those newly qualified to teachapplied for a teaching joy among 1976-77 gr duates(77 percent) than among 1974-75 graduat s ( 4percent).

` The number of bachelor's recipients newlyqualified to teach but no/ teaching decreased by34,000 between 1974-75 apd 1976-77 (table 1C).

8

e.

EZ

Bachelor's RecipientsNewly Qualified toTeach and Oth,t. Bachelor'sRecipiets: How TheyFared in the Labor Market

According to five indicators of employmentstatus, the 1976-77 bachelor's recipients newly/qualified tff teach, as a group, fared somewhatbettei in the labor market-in. February 1978 thanthose not newly qualified to teach. Proportionally,

lithe former .participated more in the labor force,were more frequently employed full-time, held full-time jobs more frequently in fields closely' related totheir- majors, and were unemployed and underem-ployed less often (table 3A).

The employment status profile for persons newlyqualified to teach was similar to that of graduates inthe professions not newly qualified to teach, exceptfor the percent employed full-time. This was lowerfor graduates newly qualified to teach (table 3A).

The employment status of bachelor's recipientsnlpwly qualified to to compared to those notnewly qualified to teach ffas not changed, appre-ciably from 1976 to 1978 except for percent withfull'-time job which is relatively higher for graduatesnewly qualified to teach in 1976-77 than in 1974-75(tables 3A and 3B).

Finding a Teaching JobFrom One Field to the Next

The proportions) of _graduates, who actuallyapplied for and got full-time teaching jobs variedconsiderably from field to field. Bachelor's recip-ients prepared-to teach were most and least likely toapply for a teaching job in the following fields(table 4B):

Field

Most

A

. Percentapplying forteaching jobo.

English 87' general elementary 86

special echication 85physice.education 84

Field

business'art

Least

Percentapplying fortiaohing job

4967

(Bachelor's recipients newly qualified to teach.were most and least likely to be teaching full-timein the following fields.(table 4B):

Most-4"

Field

7

Percentholding full-time

teaching jobs ,

ecial educationgeral elementaryEnglishmathematics

94

64585855

t

Finding a Teaching JobFrom One Field to the Next

(Cont'd.)

Field

Least

Percent ,

holding full-timet teaching jobs

art 19business 34

Of the bachelor's recipients newly qualified toteach who applied to teach, those prepared in'thefollowing fields were most and least likely to beteaching full-time)

Most

Field

Percentapplying forteaching job

special education 75business . 71mathematics 70

Least

Percent 1

,applying forField teaching job

artmusic

2849

NOTE, Data for the following fi.lds are not includedbecause their sample numbers are too Anall:biological science, foreign language, health, homeeconomics, reading, physical science, bilingualeducation and English as a second language.

Kinds of diol;'$Held by Bachelor'sRecipients Newly andNot Newly Qualified to Teach

Abou 104,300 of bachelor's recipients newly' quilifie to teach in 1976-77 and having teaching as

their primary job were teaching in an elementary orsecondary - School in February 1978. An additional4,30p'persons taught outside of elementary/second-ary schools or were in other education jobs (table5A). '

In addition to persons employed as teachers orin other education jobs, about. 18,600 other gradu-ates _newly. qualified to: teach were en.:)loyed .inother professional, managerial or technic JPoccupa-tions. Of these, an estimatek6,700 were in businessand management. In all, 72 percent c' "lf)se newlyqualified teach held, professional, inaliageritl ortechnical jobs, including the 62 percent who wereteachingor in other education jobs (table 5k).

In comparison to the 72 percent' of tho.se newlyqualified to teach, 50 percent of bachelor's recip-ients who were not newly qualified to teach heldprofessional, managerial of technical fobs (table 5B).

An estimated 28,800 (16 percent) of all thosenewly qualified to teach, held nonprofessional, non-managerial or nontechnical jobs. A considerablylarger.proportion (29 percent) of those not newlyqualified to teach held nonprofessional; nonman-agerial or nontechnical levelejobs (tables 5A and5B).

5

10.

,

, d

F

The Outlookfor Elementary andSecondary School Teachers

Teacher demand, following the decline in (elementarylsecondiry school enrollment, has beeddecreasing since 1970, but is projected to startincreasing in 1983 (charts la and 1 b).

The supply of newlOqualified teachers has beendecreasing rapidly from 1973 to 1977 in a delayedresponse to the decrease in demand. This trend insupply has shown a sharper rate of decrease thanthat for demand over the same period (chart 2).

The teacher supply and demand balance is "stilluncertain for the next several years. If the supplycontinues to decrease at or near its present rate forabout five more years, shortages of newly qualified

'teachers would, occur, especially in some instruc-tional areas.' If the supply bf newly qualified-

- teachers begins to increase about 1983 in responseto the projected increase in demand, an overall sur-plus of teachers would continue, although it would',not be' as large as that which occurred during the1970's.

I

.

a

a11

a'

c

1

C C

Table 1.-Ilachelor's and master's degree recipients who were newly qualified /o teach, applied to teach, and hadteaching jobs

A. 1974-77 graduates in spririg 1978

Teachingstatus 1

Number Percent 'Detailpercent

c Total!"-

Newly qualified to teach .1. 190,20d 106 -)

Did not apply for teaching job .z. 43,500 - 23.

Applied for teaching job , 146,700f..77 100

Teaching 1'13,300 60 77Full-time .. 93,300 49 : 64Part-time 20,000 11 14 ,

Not teaching --. 33,300 . '18 23

Bachelor's

IsieKlyqualified to Inch

Did not apply for teaching job, -.

177,200

40;000

100:

23

.77.

Applied for teaching job.. -,/

A 37,200 , 100

Teaching .. 106,200 60 77Full-time 86,800 49 63

--' Part-time 19,400 11 14Not teaching.

ff31,000 17- 23

Master's

Newly qualified to teach., 13,000 100. -

Did not apply for teaching-job. .. 3,500 27-..

Applied for teaching job * 9-,500 100i

%

Teaching t 7)00 55 75Full-time 6,500 50 69Part-time .., 600 4 6

4' Not teaching 2,400 18 25

NOTE: Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Recent College Graduate Survey. Surveyof 1976-77 graduates Conducted jn-spring 1978.

913

ti

r,

z

Table 1 Bachelor's and master's degiee recipients who were newly qualified to teach, applied to teach, and'had teaching jobscontinued

B. 1974-75 graduates in spring 1976

'Teachingstatus

Newly qualified to teach

Did not appbbfaroaching job

Applied for teaching job.

TeachingFull-timePart-time

Not teaching

Newly qualified to teach

Did not apply for teaching job

Applied for teaching j0 .. -

Teaching .Full-timePart -iinie

Not teaching

Newly qualified to teach

Did not apply.for teaching job

Applied for teaching job

TeachingFull-timePart-time

Not teaching

Number Percent. 'Detailpercent

Total

243,300 100

.. 38,700 , 16

204 ,6b0 84 100.

,. 132,200 54 .65105,000 43 5127,200 11 13

., ' 72,400 30 35

Bachelor's

229,500 100

° 35,700 16

193,800 84 100

124,500 .54 .64, 98,300 43 51

-. , 26,200 11 1469,300 30 . 36

Master's

13,800 100

3,000 22.--4

10,800 78 lo

t 7,700 5". -71'6,700 .49 621,000 7 9

23 29

NOTES: This table has been< altered from the earlier version published in Teacher and School Administrator Supply andDemand Additional criteria to determine those newly qualified to teach were applied to the 1976 data to be consistentwith-the current survey.

Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE. U.S Department of Education. Ninon& Center for Educallon Statistics. Recent Cdllege Graduate Survey. Surveyof 1974.75 graduates conducted in spring 1976'.

4i0

10

14

.

Table 1 -Bachelor's and master' i degree recipients who were newly qualified to teach, applied to teach, and hadteaching jobscontinued ,

C. 1974-75 comphred to 1976-77 graduates newly qualified to teach A

Teachingstatus

Change

Number Percent

Total

Newly qiialified to teactr

Did not apply for teaching job

.. ' -53,100

+ 4,800.

- 22.

+ 12

Applied for teaching job. .

- 57,900 - 28

Teaching ' - 18,900 - 14- - Full-time

Part-time- 11,700- 7,200

-

- 27' 1...

Not teaching - 39,100 - 54

Bachelor's. .Newly qualified to teach

., - 52,300 - 23

- .

Did not apply for teaching job +, 4,300 + 12

Applied for teaching job - 56,600 - 29 .

Teaching ' t ' 18,300 - 15Full-time - 11,500 - 12Part-time

I - 6,800 - 26Not teaching - 38,300 , - 55

Master's

Newly qualified to teach - 800 - 6

Did not apply for teaching job + 500 + 17

.Applied for teaching job - 1,300 - 12

Teaching - 500 - 7Full-time - 200 - .3Part-time - 400 - *39

NoLteaching. , 800 - 25,

1154

I

4'

Table 2.Reasons why 1976 -77 bachelor's recipients newly qualified to teach did not apply for teaching job

Number ...;,.Percent

Total who did not apply . i 40,000 100,

Did not want to teach 19,200 48, .

I lost interest in becomiwi elementary/secondary schoolteacher . - 10,200 . 26

I was never interested in teaching, , 00 ?

I already had!a job or wanted to have a job besides.elemen-, tary/secondary school teacher ' .

4,800 12--------

I didn't like low pay and teaching conditions 3,306. 8

Wanted to teach . 1'3,800 34'c.,

I needed Or wanted another degree or Are course workbefore applying for a teaching job i 7,200 , 18

I had all the course work I needed an.d was interested inte-coming a teacher, but I wasn't ready to apply for a job.% 3,700 9

Teaching jobs were so hard to get, I didn't bother to apply 2,800 7

Other or undetermined 7,000 18

NOTE: Job in question is for elementary/secondary school in school year following graduation.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Nafional Center for EduCatioil Statistics, Recent Cone-9e Graduate Survey.Survey of 1976-77 graduates conducted in spring 1978.

0

12

C

16

v

1

Table 3:.-Indicators of employment status, by major field

A. 1976.77 graduates in February 1978

'

Major fie)d,, .

, .

Totalbachelor'srecipients

Labor forcepartic'ipa-tion rate

Percent ofbachelor'srecipients

withfull-time

job.

1

Uneniploy- ,.menu rate 1'

.

Percentemployedfull-timewith job'closelyrelated

to majorfield

Percentemployedfull-timewho areunderem-ployed2

Total bachelor's recipients. . . . 929,700

-Professiekns 417,000Arts/sciences 421,000Other 91,700

.

Newly qualified to teach 177,200 .

Professions 125,000Arts/sciences 45,600Other 6,600

Not newly qualified to teach . 752,600

Professions ' 292,000

Engineering 52p00Business and

management 159,100Health , 56,800Education (not "newly

qualified ") :

Arts /sciences

, - Biological sciencePhysical science and

mathematicsPsychologySocial science and public

affairsHumanities

Other

Communications' Other '

13

,

23,200

375,400

64,300

31,90054,1(XI

142,20082,900

85,100

27,80057,300

7

87 68

94 798A 5789 67

A.

93 72

94- 7590, 6391 ,P" 66

86 1167

94 81

92 -81

94 8394 81

92 71

$0 56

67 44

80 56'80 55

T'81 60' 86 60

89 4 '67.

98 . 7585 63

'Zero in sample.

1 Unemployed graduates are those who, &tang the survey week, had no employmentwithin th.e past 4 weeks.

2 Underemployed graduates are those nal working in professional, managerial or techtheir opinion, their jobs' did not require a college degree.

' NOTE: Because of rounding, detail May not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,of 1976-77 graduates conducted in spring 1978.

Y7

5.9

3.97.907.0

4.7

3.97.7

52

663347

.

67

.7351

13

353Q

15

13

60 276.1 48 25

3.8 64' 13

5.2 68 6

3.2 54 183.4 91 1

62_ 56 24

7.9 4'.It 31 37

11.4 . 38 28

P.9 ,35 225.7 29 36

,7.8 30 429.5 29 39

7.5 46 '30

10.0 44 28 06.2 47 32

and had engaged in job-seeking activities

ical types of jobs and who reported that, in

Recent College Graduate Survey. Survey

e

4

-

Table 3.Indicators of employment status, by major' field ,-continued

B. 1974-75 graduittes in spring 1976

Percent- Percent of' employed Percent

Total Labor f bachelor's full-time employed

Major field bachelor's participa-r ce

recipients Unemploy- with job full-time1

recipients non rate with ment rate closely who arefull-time related underem-. /job to major ployed

field

I

Total bachelor's recipients. . . 931,700

Professions 436,500Arts/sciences , 413,000Other 82,200

Biological science 62,500Physical science and

mathematics 34,300Piychology 46,100Social science and public

affairs 123,200Humanities 83,500

Other 71,900

Owimunieation '15,900Other 56,000

85 67 5.6

92 77 4.179 56 7.581 66 5.6

53 23.

67 1331 32

. 17

Newly qualified to teach 229,500 90 65 4.2 62 18

Professions 155,800 91 70 3.9 67 .14Arts/sciences 63,400 88 52 2.9 44 33Other , 10,300 97 55 14.9 61 18

Not newly qualified to teach . 702,200 84 68' 6.1 50 22

Professions r 280,700 93 81 4.2 67 13

',..1;5-Engineering 58,700 91 "80 3.4 73 5

flusiness andmanagement 153,600* 94 84 4.5. 58 19

Health 46,100 92 75 . 4.2 95 2 .

Education (not "newlyqualified") , 22,300 90 70 43 59 14 -

Arts/sciences 349,600 77 '57 8.4 29 . 32

,72 57 7.3 40 . 19

73 50 5.3 .. 39 1687 62 12.3 36 34

76, 60 6.6 20 3679 52 . 10.5 25 43

79 67 3.9 : 56 17. \

86 78 (*) 55 2965 5.2 56 13

'Zero in sample.

1 Unemployed graduatefiare those who. during the survey week, had no employment and had engaged in job-seeking activitieswithin the past 4 weeks.

2Underemployed graduates are those not working in professional. mahagerial or technical types of jobs and who reported that, intheir opinion, their jobs did not require a college degree.

NOTE: Because of rounding, detail may ndt add to totals.

SOURCE: U,S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. Recent College Graduate Surm. Surveyof 0767 graduates conducted In spring 1978

14

18

Table 4. Elementary/secondary school teaching status in February 1978 of 1976-77 bachelor's degree recipientsnewly qualified to teach, by field of teacher preparation

T.°

, A. Number

4

Totalnewly

qualifiedto teach

Did notapply forteaching

job

Aplied for teaching job

Total Total

r-Teaching

Full-time

, ,.PIrttime

Notteaching

All fields 177,200 40,000 137,200 1106,200 86,800 19,400 31,000

General elementary 47,700 6,400 41,300 33,800 27,800 6,000 7,500Special education 24,100 3,500 20,600 17,400 15,400 2,100 3,100Social sciehoe 12,700 3,200 9,500 7,000 5,700 1,200, 2;500Physical education 10,400 1,700 8,700 6,500 5,400 1,100 2,200English 8,300 1,100 7,200 5,100 4,800 200 2,100Musk' 7,500 1,700 5,800 4,300 2,900 1,400 1,500Art . .. 5,600 1,900 3,800 . 2,300 1,100 1,300 1,5.00Mathematics 5,000 1,100 3',900 2,900 2,800 100 1,000Voca9onat education . . 4,500 900 3,600 2,800 2,400 400 800Businest, 3,800 2,000 1,900 1,500 1,300 200 400Industrial arts 3,600 800 2,800 2,100 1,900 , 200 700Other 20,000 6,600 13,400 10,500. 8,200 2,300 : 2,900More than one field . . . . 23,000 9,300 13,800 9,100 6$900 .2,200 4,700No certification 1,000 ( I) 1,000 1,000 400 600 (*)

'Zero in sample.

I Includes teaching as a second job.

NOTES: Data for the followindflelds are included in the: oilier" category because their sample numbers are too small to presentthem individually: biological science, foreign language, health, home economics, reading, 411,tysicat science, bilingualeducation and English as-a second language.

ti

Because of rounding, deptil may not add to totals. .

SOURCE. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Recent College Graduate Survey. Surveyof 1976-77 graduates conducted In spring )978. -

V

1915

. Table 4 Elementary Isewndary school teaching status in February 1978 of 1976-77 bachelor's degree recipientsnewly qualified to teach, by field of teacher preparationcontinued

B.. Percent

'

Totalnewly

qualifiedto teach

.

Did notapply ,forteaching

job -

.

Total

rApplied for teaching job

/ Total

Teaching

Full-time-

Part-time'Not

teaching

All fields 100 23 77 60 49

General elementary 100 13 , 86 71 58Special education 100 14 85 72 64Social science - 100 25 75 55 . 45Physical education 100 16 84 63 52English 100 13 4 87 61 58,Music 100 23 77 57 38Art 100 33 67 41 19Mathemtics. . , 100 22 79 58 55Vocational education 2 . 100 19 81 62 53Business 100 .52 49 . 39 34Industrial arts 100 22 78 57 57 51Other 100 33 67 53 41Mthe than one fled . . . 100 40 60 39 30No certification. 100 (*)' 100 100 40

1.

r

I

11 17

13 169 13

1k 20.11 21

3 2619 20

' 22 263 219 194 106 20

11 15

960 4 20(*)

'Zero in sample.

NOTES: Data for the following fields are included in the "other" category because their sample numbers are too small to presentthem individually: biological science, foreign language, health, home economics, reading, pilysital science, bilingualeducation and English as a second language.

Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Recent College Graduate Survey, Survey

e of 1976.77 graduates conducted in spring 1978 -

4

16.

0

-1'

s.

Table 5.-Occupation of 1976,-77 b'achelor's recipients newly qualified and nctvfewly qualified to teach, byemployment status: February 1978 '

A. NeWly qualified to teach

Occupation category Total

Number Percent-

Percent ofemployed r

- Employed

4Full-time Pait-time

. Number/--)

Per Cent. Number Percent

i Total 177,200 100 - - : -= .44

Eniployed ' '156,000 88 10Q 127,900 . 100 28,100 ma,. t .

Professional, managerial, and .technical 127,200 72 82 104,700

Elementary/secondary teacher ? 104,300 59 67 86400. Teacher other than . , -

elementary/secondary 3 2,800 2 2 1,100Other education 4 1,500 1 (*)' 1,200Business and management 6,700 4 ---- 4 - 5,809' N.Engineefing 2,100 1 1 2,100'Health ., 1,200 -1- (*) 700

,." Recreation and social work . . . 2,300 1 - 1 2,200' Other professional 6,300 4 ; 4 4,800

. . w

Nonprofessional, nonmanagerial, .

chid nontechnical 28,800 16 18 22,300

..----....Sales 5,300 3 3 4,500Clerical 15,2tt0 9 c. . 10 12,900Crafts 1,800 , 1 ' 1 ' 1,4700

Service 4,308 2 - 2,600Other 2,100 1 1 1,600

Arm *1 forces , 800 (*). .

Noymployed , 20,400 12,-.

Unemployed.... -.. 7,800 4....4 .,

f

Not in labor force 12,600 8 - -... it - t-'1 - r ' , , %.,.

Less than 0.5 percent. b .

.. 4 'Zero .In sample.

OP, 4 1 Does not include those in armed forces.

2 Teaching primary occupatiMt only.3 Includes adult education teachers, college teachers and teachers not elsewhere classified.

4 Induces vocational and educational counselors, elementary/seconder/Administrators and college administrators.

NOTE: Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals., r leSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for EducatiouStatistics, Recent College Graduate Survey. Survey

( z 4

82 22,690 80-...

68 17,20 62

1 1,700 61 400 1

5 900 3

2 (*.*) 01 500 22 200 1

A 1,500 5

,.. ,

18 5,200 20

3 , 900 3

10 2,400 84 1' 1004. - 0

-2 01,700 61 , 500 2

pr

of 1976-7/ graduates conducted In wiling 1978 .

e

1

4

0 9

Table 5 Occupation of 197§142,1 bachelor's recipients newly qualified and not newly qualified totgach, by, etivloyifflIt statusFebruary 1978-continued

13/ Not newlypualdied to teach°

Professional, ma agenal, and 14

technical . . ...... . . . : -377,400 50 63 326,000 64 58.

Elementary/secondary teacher 2 . 14,900 2.*.

3 10,900 ) ,

Teacher other thanelementarylsecondary 3.. .. 7,600,, 2 3 3,900 I 13,800 16

Other education 4 6,100 1J 5,100 1 900 1

Business and management 124,600 17 . 21 119,400 24. 5,200 6c ' 6--------36,100 2Engineering ur 37,500 5 7 11400

Health.

63,200 8 - 11 56,700 11 6,600 7iRecreation and social work ,.. . 19;200, 3 3 17,400 3 - 1,800 2Communications 12,600 2 2 11;000 .2 1,600 ' 2Computer specialists .; 12,600o 2- ,. 2 . 12,100 2 500 1

Fine arts 14,200 2 , 2 2 - 2,300 3Technicians '19,100 'A 3

11,90016,500 3 2,600 3

Other psrpfessional.

, 35,900. ,,. 5 6 25,100 ..--.5- 10,800 12, 4it. .

N9nprofessional, nonmanageri . 7,e 4

and nontechnical. . . ..... . 218,600 ' 29 37 181,600 36 37,000 42

'Sales ' 47,000 ' 6 8 41,800 8 5,200 6Clef al .s. ....... : . N 86,300 11 14 69,100 14 1703 19Crafts 7 23,500 ; 3 -4 21,300 4 2,200 2Operatives 12,200 ' 2 2 10200 2 2,000 2Laborers , 10,400 1- 2 ,8,900 , 2 1,500 2Service . , o * 39,100 ,,. 7 30,100 6 9,000 10Othei a100 ()' '4

0 (*) '102........,e) (se.) (tt)

Occupation category..

Total 752,500 ... 100

°Employed

1

. . ....... . .

v596,000 79

Total

Nuinber Percent

Percent ofemplOyedi

Full -time

Number Percent

100 507,600 100 88,400 100

Employed

Partfne

Number Percent

Armed forces 12,700 , 2... , I,' a

Not employed 143,900 19.).

Unemployed - 39,900 ,. 5

t Not in labor knee 103,900 il '4 -

- -

4,

.40

'Less thian 0 5 percent.

Zero in sample4 /

Does not include those in armed forces. (

Tiaching primary occupation only 'ar3

Includes adult education teachers, college teachers and teachers not elsewhere classified.

411ittludes vocational and educational counselors, elementary/secondary administrators and college administrators.

NOTE: 'Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals... ,

SOURCE. U S Department of Education, N'atIonal Center for Education Statistics, Recent College Graduate Surveyof 194-77 graduates conflated iu spring 1978..

a.

18 22.

(

.3

Table 5. Occupation of 1976-77 bachelois recipients newly qualified and not newly qualified to teach,by employment status:.FebivarY 1978-continued

C. Selected occupations

I'Occupation . Total

Newlyqualifiedto teach

Not newlyquOifiedto teach

Selected professional, technical and kindred occupations. .

, -

AccOuntants 45,100 500 44,600. Computer specialists 12,900 . 400 12,600,

Engineers - 39,400 2,100 37,400Life and physical scientists 7,500 1,500 6,000Personnel and labor relations workers 4,900 ' 500 4,400Phad-nacists . 7,800 0 7,800'Nurses. , 29,600 200 29,400Therapists 7,900 400 7,500'Health technologists and technicians 10,300 "400 9,900Othej health-related occupations .. 4,500 200 00

'Religious workers 4,300 200 4,200Economists

.4,000. 200 3,800

Other social scientists 3,300 200 3,100Social workers

)17,300' 1,500 15,800

Recreation workers ' 4,200 800 3,400Teachers ,

Elementary/secondary . 119,200 104,300 14,900College and university 16,100 1,800 14,400Adult education . , ( .i. .. ' 1,300 500 BOO

Teachers, hot elsewhere classified 2,900 500 2,400Engineering and science technicians , 18,500 200 18,300Vocational and educational counselorsWriters, artists and entertainers e

2,900a. 28,500

4001,800

2,50026,700

Research workeis, not sewhere classified\ 9,700 .1,100 8,600

Managers and administrators, except farm 84,700 6,800 78,000

Selected clerical and kindred occupations . -

\."Bookkeepers 7,800 1,40d - 6,400Secretaries '

. Statistical clerks14,5004,200 3:24)50200

11,0004,000

Typists 4,200 , 1,100 '3,100Teacher,aides

,6,100 2,100 4,000

ps...../ Operatives ..01.

13,700 ' 1,500 12,200

Laborers, including farm C 10,900 600 10,300I1 Selected service occultations

Food service 11 700 1,500 10,200Health service 8,000 600, . 7,400Protective service 16,700 700 16,000

sa

NOTE: Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Recent College Graduate Survey. Surveyof 1976-77 graduates conducted in spring 1978.

19.23

-

4,

Table 6. Enrollment in regular elementary and secondary day schools, supply of newly qualified teachers, ando deMand for additional teachers: 19 61 to 1988

Ye'ar

Total publicand nonpublic

enrollment,grades K-12,

in regularday schools'

Supply emand

Newlyqualifiedteachers 2

Newlyqualifiedto teach

who appliedfo1 teaching job3

Totaladditionalteachers'

Newly

teachers4

196119621963 -7

*1964. .1965. . .

1966. ,1967196819691970197119724973*f97419 75

197619771978

43,364 12944,849 14246,487 15447,716 17448,473 2 19049,239 19949,891 22050,744 23351,119 26451,309 28451,181 31450,744 ,*50,329 31350,05! '27949,791 23849,316 22748,577 198

.47,611 190

1979 46,657.1980 45,796198f 44,958 .

1982 44,1111983 43,7661984 .43,5911985 , 43,7481986 44,0801987 44;4731988 44,974

(In thousands)

97 183107 1 93116 208131 213143 209149, 228165 223175 243198 25321.3 208239 163244 187244 179220 - 175'190 185.

_182 152158 168152 139

Projected

(125122117113

7 145152165177

,'182185

13714515616015717116718218915411713112512313010611897

88858279

.102106116124127130

4

,

I Projections of, Education Statistics to 1V88-89, U S Department of Education. National Center for Education aStatistics.forthcOriiing.

.9

2 National Education Association's Teacher Supply and Demand series.

Estimates based on dine from the National Education Association and the,Survey of Recent College Graduates. U.S Departmentof Education. National Center for Education Statistics. .*

4 Estimates based on cicita from the National Education As;ociation and the Survey of Recent College Graduates.U.S. Departmentof Education. National Center for Education,Statistics.

20

ti

CHARTS

6 c

-CHARY 1 Public and nonpublic elementary and secondary schoul enrollments

Actual

44

Projected52

5.1

50

4

I 1 1 1 1 I \I 1 1 11961 1963 1965 .1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 7981 1923 1985 1987 1988

Year e le;

260,-CHART 7 Demand for total additional teachers and for newly qualified teachers

246/- I `/I % Demand for total ' . I

I

220 . I )colliradditional teachers I. .

200-1 / .#-. 1

1180 e

44.4

I

% 1 I

I160 ..., -.v..,

I° - I

1 140

24 120

100

80

Demand for newly qualified teachers

rtu I

8% teacher turnover raw Jr

6067..teacher turnover rate

40

01 ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 1 1 ' 1 ' 1

Igo 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1.983 1985 1987 1988

- Year.

Notes Data on enrollment and .OR demalid for total additional teachers,from Projections of Education Siaustics

to 1988 -87, U $ Department of Hea6 lth. Education, andWelfart. National Center for Education Statistics0 sei-

a .,

Demapd for newly qualified teachers estimated using"clata from the National Education Association and theSurveyof Recent College Graduates, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics

. "

23.26

340

320

300

280

260

240

220

c 200a0H .180

160

A

7

-CHART 3 Supply of newly qualified teachers and of those 1)4tio applied for teaching lobsand demand for newly qualified applicants

Actdal

Newly qualifiedteachers (supply)

140

120

100

80

60

0

3, 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 ,1975 1977

'Demand for newly qualified teachers

il- 8% teacher turnover rate6% teacher turnover rate

1

1

1

1

1

1

I

1

Projected

Newly qualified teachers whoapplied, for teaching lobs

.1

. 1 I 1 1 ' 1 1 I ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 4988i

Year

Notes Data on Supply of newly qualified Teachers from the National Education Association's Teacher Supplyand Demand series.

Newly qualified teachers who applied for teaching jobs and demand for newly qualified teachers estimatedusing data 1from the National Education Association and the Survey off.Recent College Graduates, U S.Depart of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.

24

27

APPENDIXDescription of the SurdSample design. For both the 1976 and 19 8 RecentCollege Graduate survey's', a two-stage' e was usedto obtain the data. For the first sta , a sample of col-leges and universities offering a bachelor's tor master'sdegree was selected. 211 schools for the 1976 surveyand 297 schools for the 1978 survey. For both surveys,the universe of schools was stratified by. percent ofgraduates in the school with degrees in education,control of institution (public or private), whether ornot the school Was on a list of schools emphasizingspecial education, and geographic region of the institution. For the 1978 survey, a sample of 30 predom-inantly black institutions was included in the total of297 institutions.

Fcir the second stage sample,-a listing of graduateswith bachelor's and master's degrees was obtained fromthe selected schools. The graduates were stratified bylevel of degree (bachelors-and masters) and by specialeducation graduates, other education graduates andother graduates. The sample of graduates was selectedthrough the use of systematic sampling; that is, byselectinwevery nth case with a random start.

For the 1976 survey, 200 of the 211 schdols in thesample responded (95 percent) and 4,350 graduates ofthe 5,528 in the sample responded (79 percent). Forthe 1978 survey, 283 of the 297'schools responded (95percent) and 9,592 graduates of the 11,025 in thesample responded (87 percent). A special followup of

,nonrespondents was conducted for the 1978 survey toobtainqhe 87 percent response rate.

A r1tio estimation procedure was used in bothsurveys to inflate the sample results to estimatesapplicable to the total number of graduates in 1974-75and in 1976-77. The Higher Education GeneralInformation Survey (conducted by the National Centerfor Education Statistics) provided the applicableestimate for total number of graduates in the ,vanousstrata for the non-predominantly black schools. TheOffice of Civil Rights provided the applicable estimatesfor the predominantly black institutions.Reliability of the estimates. Since the estimates inthis report are based on a sample, they differ froth thefigures that would have been obtained if a completecensus had been taken using the same questionnaires.There are two types of errors possible in an estimatebased on a sample surveysampling and nonsampling.Sampling errors were not available at the tithe of publi-cation of this report. For information on samplingerrors contact the Populaition Surveys Branch, NationalCenter for Education Statistics (205 PresidentialBldg.), 400 Maryland. Ave. SW., Washington, D.C.20202. The extent of nonsampling errorsystematicerror or bias in the datais unknowh. As a result of thepossible sources of error, particular o4re should beexercised when interpreting figures 'based on arelatively small/number of cases or on small differencesbetween estimates.

225

8

:4.