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DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 340 851 CE 059 914

AUTHOR Rodekohr, Sherie; Harris, Clark RichardTITLE Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape.

Volume 23, Number 5.INSTITUTION Missouri Univ., Columbia. Instructional Materials

Lab.

SPONS AGENCY M4ssouri State Dept. of Elementary and SecondaryEducation, Jefferson City. Div. of Vocational andAdult Education.

PUB DATE Dec 90NOTE 133p.; For the Instructor Guide, see En 325 708.AVAILABLE FROM Instructional Materials Laboratory, University of

Missouri, 2316 Industrial Drive, Columbia, MO 65202(order no. 10-2020-S: $7.95).

PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Instructional Materials (ForLearner) (051)

EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS.DESCRIPTORS Adult Education; Botany; *Floriculture; Higher

Education; *Landscaping; Ornamental Horticulture;*Plant Growth; *Plant Identification; Selection;Trees; Turf Management

ABSTRACTThis handbook on identifying and selecting landscape

plants can be used as a reference in landscaping courses or on anindividual basis. The first of two sections, Identifying Plants forthe Landscape, contains the following tables: shade treeidentification; flowering tree identification; evergreen treeidentification; flJwering shrub identification; evergreen shrubidentification; ground cover and vine identification; perennialidentification; and turfgrass identification. For plants listed inthese tables, the following information is provided: common name,botanical name, form, branching habit, growth habit, stem, buds, leafarrangement, venation, type of leaf, leaf shape, margin shape, tipshape, base shape leaf color, bark characteristics, leaf surface,and unique charact3r:is....ics. The second section, Selecting Plants forthe Landscape, contains the following tables: shade tree selection;flowering tree selction; evergreen tree selection; flowering shrubselection; evergreen shrub selection; ground cover and vineselection; perennial selection; and turfgrass selection. For plantsin these tables, some or all of the following information is given:common name, botanical name, height, width, form, growth rate,hardiness zone, use in landscape, texture, leaf color, floweringcolor, length of bloom, fruiting time/type, fertilizer requirements,soil conditions, water requirements, light requirements, temperaturerequirements, transplantability, disease problems, insect problems,pruning method/time, special considerations, life span, and uniquecharacteristics. A list of 23 references is included. (NLA)

********************************V*****************m********************Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made

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MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONOfffee of Educational Research and Improvement

EqUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER (ERIC)

cl True document rise been rePrOduCed esreceived Irom the perSOn or orgenitationOriginating it

0 Minor changes hve been made to improvereproduction Cluslity

Points of view or opinions stated in this docu

ment do not necessarily represent officisiOE RI Million or policy

Identifying and Selecting Plantsfor the Landscape

COMMONNAME

TEMPERATUREREQUIREMENTS

TRANSPLANT-ABILITY

DISEASEPROBLEMS

INSECTPROBLEMS

Red Maple tolerates city heatand glare

easy, B & B andbareroot: spring

leaf hoppers

Sugar Maple to zone

River Birch to zone

EuropeanWhite Birch

to zone

Green Ash to zone

HoneyLocust

to zone

In cooperation withAgricultural Education

Department of Practical Artsand Vocational-Technical Education

College of Education and College of AgricultureUniversity of Missouri-Columbia

.,

10-2020-S

"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL IN MICROFICHE ONLYHAS BEEN GRANTED BY

TO THE EDUCATIONAL RE 9URCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC):'

In cooperation withAgricultural Education Section

Division of Vocational and Adult EducationDepartment of

Elementary and Secondary EducationJefferson City, Missouri

BEST COPY AVAILABLE 3

Available from theInstructional Materials LaboratoryUniversity of Missouri-Columbia

8 London HallColumbia, MO 65211

314-882-2883

The activity which is the subject of this report was supported in whole or in part by funds from the Department of Elementary and SecondaryEducation, Division of Vocational and Adult Education. However, the opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the position or policies

of the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education or the Division of Vocational and Adult Education, and no officialendorsement should be inferred.

IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING PLANTS FOR THE LANDSCAPE

Writers:Sheie Rodekohr and Clark Richard Harris

Instructional Materials LaboratoryUniversity of Missouri-Columbia

Consulting Editors:Richard Unhardt and Jim Riley

Agricultural EducationUniversity of Missouri-Columbia

Editor and Project Coordinator:Veronica Feilnor


8 London HallColumbia, Missouri 65211

Volume 23Number 5

Catalog Number 1C-2020-SDecember 1990

7

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Recognition is given to the Landscaping and Turf Managementadvisory committee members for providing their valuable time andsuggestions in developing the outline for the tables. The committeeconsisted of Ralph Ball, Jim Be ills, Harry Bertrand, Stephen Bryant,Jon Ellis, Alan Harrell, Jim Lee, Delbert Lund, Jim MacLean, RichardMcConnell, David Minner, Ramona Schescke, Hubert Shuler, DavidStokely, Leon Snyder, Donald Ward, and Jim Wine.

Appreciation is expressed to the following staff members of theInstructional Materials Laboratory for their efforts in producing thismaterial: Harley Schlichting, Director; Amon Herd, Associate Director;Phyllis Miller, Assistant Director; Dan Stapleton, Assistant Director; andLori Holliday, Word Processor.

Veronica Feilner, Editorand Project Coordinator


Jim Riley and Richard LinhardtAgricultural EducationUnlversily of Missouri-Columbia

FOREWORD

The Introduction to Landscaping advisory committee suggested thethat these materials be made available as a reference for use by adultsin the class. The olant identification and selection tables weredeveloped based on Missouri conditions.

Thme using this publication on an Individual basis may want to consultwith the local agriculture instructor about additional materials orclasses related to horticulture.

Bob R. Stewart, Professor and CoordinatorAgricultural EducationUn:versity of Missouri-Columbia

Terry Heiman, DirectorAgricultural EducationDepartment of Elementary and

Secondary Education

9

IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING PLANTS FOR THE LANDSCAPE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ill

FOREWORD iii

Identifying Plants for the Landscape

Table 1 - Shade Tree Identification 3

Table 2 - Flowering Tree Identification 9

Table 3 - Evergreen Tree Identification 13

Table 4 - Flowering Shrub Identification 17

Table 5 - Evergreen Shrub Identification 21

Table 6 - Ground Cover and Vine Identification 25

Table 7 - Perennial Identification 29

Table 8 - Turfgrass Identification 33

Selecting Plants for the Landscape

Table 9 - Shade Tree Selection 37

Table 10 - Flowering Tree Selection 41

Table 11 - Evergreen Tree Selection 45

Table 12 - Flowering Shrub Selection 49

Table 13 - Evergreen Shrub Selecticl 53

Table 14 - Ground Cover and Vine Selection 57

Table 15 - Perennial Selection 61

Table 16 - Turfgrass Selection 65

REFERENCES 69

Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape

12

IDENTIFYING PLANTS FOR THE LANDSCAPE

Table 1 - Shade Tree Identification

Table 2 - Flowering Tree Identification

Table 3 - Evergreen Tree Identification

Table 4 - Flowering Shrub Identification

Table 5 - Evergreen Shrub Identification

Table 6 - Ground Cover and Vine Identification

Table 7 - Perennial Identification

Table 8 Turfgrass Identification

1

13


14

TABLE 1 - SHADE TREE IDENTIFICATION

Acer rubrum - red maple

Acer saccharum - sugar maple

Betula nigra - river birch

Betula pendula European white birch

Fraxinus Pennsylvania - green ash

Gleditsia triacanthos inermis - honey locust

Liquidambar styraciflua - sweet gum

Liriodendron tulipifera - tulip tree

Plantanus occidentalis - sycamore

Quercus oalustris - pin oak

Tilia cordata - littleleaf linden

31 5

Table 1 - Shade Tree identification

COMMONNAME

BOTANICALNAME

FORM BRANCHINGHABIT

GROWTHHABIT

STEM BUDS LEAFARRANGEMENT

VENATION

Red Maple Acer rubrum upright to round ascending upright-spreading

red to green glabrousstems

terminalblunt,scaled, clustered;lateralscales

opposite palmate

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum upright, oval ascending lowbranches, upright-spreading

dense mass,upright torounded

slender, brown stemswith lenticels

terminallong,pointed; lateral1/2 the size ofterminal buds

opposite

,

palmate

River Birch Betula nigra upright, oval,rounded withmaturity

drooping withmaturity

open; multipletrunks

pubescent, glabrous;turning reddish

terminalsmall,1 /5" long,pubescent;reddish-brown;lateralvery small

alternate pinnate

European11iihite Birch

Betula pendula oval graceful,pendulousbranches

single or multi-trunk;pyramidal-young

light tan, turning whitewith irregular, verticalblack markings;glabrous

terminalpointed,curved, brownish-black

alternate pinnate

Green Ash Fraxinuspennsylvanica

round to oval;irregular withmaturity

3-5 mainbranches; dense,upright, upturnedat ends

irregular withage

rounded, stout,glabrous to pubescent;leaf scar looks like asmile; green turninggray

terminaldarkrusty brown;lateralsmallerbuds

.

,opposite pinnate

Honey Locust Gleditisiatriacanthosinermis

-

oval zig zag stems,strong horizontalbranching

openspreading,crown

smooth, reddish-brownzig zag stems

terminalabsent;lateral--small

alternate pinnate

Sweet Gum Liquidambarstyracifhia

oval toirregualar

spreading dense cciky ridges on darkbrown stems

terminal-1/4 to1/2" long, large,imbricate; reddish-brown; lateral--smaller

alternate palmate

Tulip Tree Liriodendrontulipifera

oval high branched,spreading

massive aromatic when broken;green to reddish brown

terminal-1/2"long, looks likeducks bill;greenish toreddish-brown;lateral--very small

alternate pinnate

4

161 7

Table 1 - Shade Tree Identification continued

TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE MARGIN SHAPE TIP SHAPE BASE SHAPE LEAF COLOR BARK CHARACrTERISTICS

LEAFSURFACE

UNIQUE CHAR-ACTERISTICS

simple; 2-5" long orbicular, 3-5lobed

triangular ovatelobes; irregularteeth, v-shaped

acuminate rounded tocordate

medium green;light green below;new leaves arereddish; red,scarlet in fall

light gray whenyoung; dark grayand rough whenmature

smooth; hairyveins below

new growth anr,petioles often red

simple; 3-6" across orbicular tobroadly obovate,3-5 lobed

coarsely toothed acuminate cordate medium green;yellow to red in fall

dark gray-brown smooth

simple; 1-3" long ovate doubly serrate acute,pointed

cuneate toacute; wedge-shaped

medium green;yellow in fall

beige to reddishbrown; exfoliating

impressedveins

simple; 1 1/4 to 3"long

broad ovate doubly serrate acuminate truncate glossy green; palerbelow, yellow in fall

white, marked withdark patches, blackwith maturity

glabrous

pinnatelycompound; 5-9leaflets, 2-6" long

ovate to oblong,lanceolate

entire, crenate,serrate

acuminate broad crenate medium-darkgreen; paler under,yellow In fall

gray to gray-brown;ridged andfurrowed

can bepubescentbeneath

choose male orseedless form"MarshallSeedless"

oinnately orbipinnatelycompound; 6-8"long with alternateleaflets

up to 80 1/2-1"long oblong-lanceolateleaflets

slightly crenate leaflet-obtuse leaflet-oblique dark green; yellowin fall

textured; gray toblack

pubescent onmidribs

interestingbranching habit

simple; 4-7" across nearly orbicular,5-7 star shapedleaves

finely serratedlobes

acuminate cordate glossy lustrousgreen; yellow, red,scarlet and purplein fall

gray when yound,deeply furrowedwith maturity

smooth

simple; 3-6 long nearly orbicular 4 lobes nearly flat;truncate lobe

rounded totrunclte

shiny green; palerbelow; yellow in fall

ash-gray textured smooth

I s5


COMMONNAME

BOTANICALNAME

FORM BRANCHINGHABIT

GROWTHHABIT

STEM BUDS LEAF

ARRANGEMENTVENATION

Sycamore Platanusoccidental/a

oval to irregular spreading rounded headwith maturity

stout, round, smooth orpubescent, yellow-brown, slightly zig zag;long internodes

terminalabsent;laterallarge,conical, darkbrown

alternate palmate

Pin Oak Quercuspalustris

pyramidal lower brancheshang down; upperbranches ascend;middle branchesere horizontal

dense, centralleader

slender; greenish-brown

imbricate, conical,brown, pointed,1/8" long

alternate pinnate

UttieleaUnden

Tilia corriata upright; oval topyramidal withmaturity

dense pyramidalwhen you'll)

slender, brown stems terminal--absent;laterallong,reddish brown,egg-shaped buds

alternate palmate

2 0 6

0 1


TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE MARGIN SHAPE TIP SHAPE BASE SHAPE LEAF COLOR BARK CHARAC-TERISTICS

LEAFSURFACE


simple; 4-12"across

S-lobed, broad-triangular lobes,ovate' to reinform

coarsely toothed acuminate cordate medium green;tan in fall

smooth upper gray,trunk hasexfoliating bark inlarge pieces

pubescentalong veins,below

simple; 3-5" long elliptical 5-7 deep lobes acuminate cuneate dark green above;lighter beneathwith tufts of halr;red or brown In fall;foliage persists Intowinter

brown to gray withmaturity; lightlyridged

smooth brown leavesrermin on treeduring the winter

simple; 1 1/2-2"long

orbicular finely serrate acuminate cordate dark green; yellowto red in fall

brownish-gray,ridged withmaturity

glabrous,axillary tuftsof brownhairs below

fragrant flowersattract bees

0 94.

7

0 f)t., ti

.: '


TABLE 2 - FLOWERING TREE IDENTIFICATION

Albizia julibrissim - mimosa

Cercis canadersis - eastern redbud

Cornus florida - flowering dogwood

Crataegus phaenopyrum - Washington hawthorne

Koelreuteria panicillata - golden raintree

Magnolia soulangiana - saucer magnolia

Malus species - flowering crabapple

Pvrus calleryana "Bradford" - Bradford pear

Table 2 - Flowering Tree Identification

COMMONNAME

BOTANICALNAME

FORM BRANCHINGHABIT

GROWTHHABIT

STEM BUDS LEAFARRANGEMENT

VENATION

Mimosa AlbfriaJullbrissin

broad-spreading,vase-shaped

arching multi-trunk slender, greenish,glabrous stem withlenticels

terminalabsent; lateral2-3 small, brown, roundedscales

alternate pinnate

EasternRedbud

Cerciscanadensis

rounded horizontallyascending

m'ulti-stemmed

dark brown or gray-tanwith lenticles; zig zag

terminalabsent; lateral--1/8" long, flattened;sometimes two together

alternate palmate

FloweringDogwood

Comusflorida

semi-rounded horizontallayered effect

widespreading

slender, greenish topurple; pubescent Inyouth; scar encirclesstem

terminalflower bud atstem apex; flattened, 2large scales cover It;lateralsmall slender buds

opposite pinnate;parallel tothe margins

WashingtonHawthorn

Crataegusphaenopyrum

oval to round;upright

low branching multi-trunk;dense

brown slender; with 1-3" long thorn

termlnallarger scales,reddish; lateralsmaller,reddish, globular

alternate pinnate

GoldenRaintree

Koelreuteriapaniculata

rounded,spreading

spreading andascending

medium stout with raised leafscars; lenticels

terminalabsent; lateralhalf elliptical, 2 scales

alernate pinnate

SaucerMagnolia

Magnoliasoulangiana

oval to rounded;irregular withmaturity

spreading multi-trunk brown, glabrous withgrayish lenticles;stipular lines enclrclestem

terminalpubescent, silkyto the touch, 1/2 to 3/4"long, large, oval; lateralsmaller, short pubescent

alternate pinnate

FloweringCrabapple

Malusspecies

oval to spreading upright tospreading

multi-trunk reddish brown termlnaloval with scales;pubescent; lateralovalwith scales

alternate pinnate

BradfordPear

Pyruscalleryana'Bradford'

pyramidal to oval verticalbranching

uprightbranches

glossy brown terminallarge wooly ovalelongated buds, 1/2"long; lateralsame

alternate pinnate

2 610 0 "1

Table 2 - Flowering Tree Identification continued

TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE MARGINSHAPE

TIP SHAPE BASE SHAPE LEAF COLOR BARK CHAR-ACTERISTICS

LEAF SURFACE UNIQUE CHAR-ACTERISTICS

bipinnatelycompound; 20"long

40-60leaflets, 1/4-1/2" long

smooth, entire acute oblique medium green;yellow in fall

gray, brown sometimes pubescenton midribs onunderside

interestingflowers; week-wood

simple 3-5" long broadly ovate entire acuminate cordate, thepetiole isswollen at theblade

dark green; yellow infall

brownish-black;scales

glabrous topubescent; glabrousunderside

persistent fruitin winter;showy flowers

simple, 3" long elliptic orovate

entire-wavy acuminate cuneate torounded

dark green; brilliantin fall, whitishunderside

light-gray,textured

glabrous uppersurface; glaucousunderside; pubescenton veins

winterbranching; 4seasons ofinterest

simple, 1-3 long triangular;ovate

,3 to 5 sharplyserrate lobes

acute truncate orsubcordate

dark green, palerunderslde; reddishin spring; yellow infall

light to mediumgray

smooth leaf-like stipulesmay be presentat base of leaf,

pinnate or bi-pinnatelycompound; to 14"long

7-15 ovalleaflets; 3"long

coarselyserrate; inciselylobed

acuminate rounded green; yellow in fall light grayish-brown; lightlytextured

glabrous; pubescent nice, persistentveins on underside fruit in winter

simple, 3-6 long obovate tobroad-oblong

entire acuminate,narrow,abruptlyshort-pointed

taper-pointed,rounded-cuneate

green; yellow tobrown in fall

light gray finely pubescentupperside andunderside

simple, 2-3" long ovate toelliptic

serrate to entire acute rounded green to red; yellowto red in fall

grayish-brown smooth showy flowers

simple, 1 1/2-2 1/2" long

broad-ovate crenate short,acuminate

rounded glossy green; purplein fall

glossy brownturning gray-brown withmaturity

glabrous good fall color;fruit notimportant; nicein bloom

2 S ,% 1 1


TABLE 3 - EVERGREEN TREE IDENTIFICATION

Ilex opaca - American holly

Juniperus virginiana - Eastern red cedar

Magnolia a andiflora - southern magnolia

Picea abies - Norway spruce

Picea pungens "Glauca" - blue spruce

Pinus niqra - Austrian pine

Pinus strobus - white pine

Pinus sylvestris - Scotch pine

Tsuga canadensis - hemlock

13:3 1

Table 3 - Evergreen Tree Identification

COMMONNAME

BOTANICALNAME

FORM BRANCHING HABIT GROWTH HABIT STEM BUDS LEAFARRANGEMENT

VENATION

AmericanHolly

Ilex opaca pyramidal horizontalbranching; lowbranching

densely open,irregular

slender; blackstipules on eauhside of leaf scar

termlnal--short,round, pointed;lateral--same

alternate pinnate

Eastern RedCedar

Juniperusvirginiana

pyramidal tobroadly pyramidal

horizontalbranching, upward,curved branches

upright,spreading

reddish-brown not important whorls of 3 parallel

SouthernMagnolia

Magnoliagrandiflora

pyramidal;rounded inmaturity

low brancNng dense green to gray-brown;pubescent

terminallarge,fuzzy; lateralsmaller, fuzzy

alternate pinnate

NorwaySpruce

Picea abies pyramidal horizontal brancheswith pendulousbranchlets

retains lowbranches

slender; reddish-brown; glabrous

1/4" rosetteshaped, brownbuds

spreadingaround the stem

parallel

Blue Spruce Picea pugens'Glauca

broadly pyramidal horizontal branchesto ground

dense-compact stout; orange-brown

conical with blunttip, yellowish-brown

spreadingaround stem

parallel

Austrian Plne Pinus nigra pyramidal; oval inmaturity

horizontalbranching

dense, compactto open

rough with leafbases

terminaloval tooblong or cylln-drical, 1/2-1" longwith sharp point

spirally arrangedclusters

parallel

White Pine Pinus strobus pyramidal toirregular;pyramidal inmaturity

symmetrical;horizontalbranching

symmetrical; sottappearance

green togreenish-brown;straight, slender

terminal-1/4"long oval, longpointed buds

spkaHy arrangedclusters

parallel

Scotch Pine Pinus sylvestris irregularpyramidal

lower branches diewith age

wide-spreading,open

green to brown;turning orangewith maturity

termlnaloblong-ovate, 1/4-1/2"long

spiralling aroundstem

parallel

Hemlock Tsugacanadensis

pyramidal horizontal;pendulous with ageto ground

roughened bypersistent leafbases

terminal--minute,oval with hairyscales; lateralsame

spirally arranged parallel

32 1433

Table 3 - Evergreen Tree IdentificatIon continued

TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE MARGIN SHAPE TIP SHAPE BASESHAPE

LEAF COLOR BARK CHAR-ACTER1STICS


simple; leathery elliptical toelliptic-lanceolate

flattened withshort spines,rarely nearly entire

acuminate,pointed withspin

truncate dull, yellow-green light gray,smooth

glossy, smooth

scale like awl shaped pointed pointed NA dull reddish-green !sh-gray;peels withmaturity

glaucous upper-side; greenunderside

Mill reddish colormay not contrastwith other plants

simple; ;eathery;5-10" long

obovate-obiongor eHiptic

smooth, entire obtusgily short-acuminate orobtuse

cuneate shiny dark green;rust colored andpubescent onunderside

dark grayish-green

leathery upper-side; pubescentunderside

1/2-1" longsquarish needles

straight or curved smooth blunt NA bright to mediumgreen

reddish-brown;warty

glaucous branches droop

3/4-1" longsquarish needleswith 4 angles

auricular, sharppointed

encu, ved pointed NA gray to blue-green orange-brown glaucous blue colordetracts fromother plants

4-6" long sharp,stiff needles; 2per bundle

straight or curved minutely toothed pointed; sharpto touch

leaf sheathpresent

sharp stiff; darkereenJ

dark brown,furrow; graymottled ridges

smooth sticky, resinoussap

3-5" long softneedles; 5 perbundle

acicular, slender,flexible

finely serrate pointed leaf sheathusuallyabsent

bluish to gray- green thin smoother,grayish-brown

smooth sticky, resinoussap

1 1/2 -3" longneedles; 2 perbundle

twisted, stiff minutely toothed short pointed NA blue-green;yellowish-green inwinter

reddish-orange;grayish-red-brown withmaturity

glaucous resinous sap

simplc 2 ranked linear,obtuse oracutish, 1/4-2/3"long

minutely serrate obtuse rounded dark green upperside; 2 whitish bandson underside

brownish-red togray; scaly;deeply furrowed

obscurelygrooved

3,415


3

TABLE 4 - FLOWERING SHRUB IDENTIFICATION

Berberis thunbga - Japanese barberry

Cornus sericea redosier dogwood

Chaenomeles speciosa flowering quince

Euonymus alatus winged euonymus or burning bush

Forsythia x intermedia - border forsythia

Liciustrum .Nax leaf privet

Nandina domesticum nandina or heavenly bamboo

Pvracantha coccinea scarlet firethorn

Salix gracilistyla - rosegold pussy willow

Spirea vanhouttei - Vanhoutte spirea

Syringa vulgaris common lilac

173 7

Table 4 - Flowering Shrub Identification

COMMONNAME

BOTANICALNAME

FORM BRANCHINGHABIT

GROWTH HABIT STEM BUDS LEAFARRANGEMENT

JapaneseBarberry

Berberisthunbergli

rounded; dense multi-stemmed very dense;broader than tall

--slender, dark reddish-brown stems with smallthorns at buds

terminal-ovoid, scales;lateral-located at axis ofthorn with smaller bud oneither side

alternate

RedosierDogwood

Comus sericea broad spreading multi-stemmed spreads byundergroundstems; loose

slender, dark red stemswith lenticels

terminal-hairy floweringbud sticks out from stem;lateral-vegetative buds areelongated

opposite

FloweringQuince

Chaenomelesspeciosa

rounded; irregular stiff branches;twiggy

open slender, light brownspines

terminal-rounded, scaly;lateral-small conical, scaly

alternate

WingedEuonymus orBurning Bush

Euonymosalatus

upright; flat top;rounded

dense; upright multi-stemmed light brown with corkyridges

terminal-small with 4-6scales conical, oval, acute,glabrous; lateral-same

opposite tosubopposite

BorderForsythia

Forsythia xintermedia

rounded witharching branches

arching, upright,spreading

normal density 4-sided, yellowish brownstems with lines downstem and lenticels

lateral-vegetative andflowering, long, pointed,clustered at the nodes

opposite

Wax Leaf Privet Ligustreumjaponicum

upright tospreading round

upright tospreading

multi-stemmed buds and stems atnearly right angles tobranchlets; hairy,slender

lateral-small conical, scaly opposite

NandinaHeavenlyBamboo

Nandinadomestica

upright, irregular unbranchedstems; stronglyvertical

spread byrhizomes

upright, rough darkbrown bark with verticallines

not applicable alternate

ScarletFlrethorn

Pyracanthacoccinea

upright; rounded;irregular

stiff; upright open if unpruned

'glossy brown withtt Nns

terminal-small; lateral--same

alternate

RosegoldPuny Willow

,

Salixcracilistyla

rounded low branching broad rather slender, lightyellow-green stems

terminal--absent; lateral-1/6 oblong, rounded atapex; pubescent; flattenedagainst stem

alternate

VanhoutteSpirea

Spireavanhouttei

rounded withpendulousbranches

ascendingbranches archingto ground

dense; compact slender, brown,rounded, glabrousstems

terminal-small; lateral--small

alternate

Common Lllac Syringa vulgaris upright, irregular;multi-stemmed;leggy

upright leggy,spreading

upright leaf scars not connectedby stipular lines; stout

terminal-large dual; lateral--angular with scales inpairs

opposite

3S 18

39

Table 4 - Flowering Shrub Identification continued

VENATION TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE MARGIN SHAPE TIP SHAPE BASESHAPE

LEAF COLOR BARKCHARACTERISTICS

LEAF SURFACE

pinnate 1/2-1 1/2" long;simple in clusters

obovate tospatulate

entire rounded oblique medium green;reddish in fall

brown glabrous upperside;glaucous underside

pinnate 2-5" long; simple ovate to broad;ovate

entire acuminate rounded medium-green;purplish In fall

red in winter glaucous underside

pinnate simple ovate to oblong; 1-3" long

sharply serrate acuto acute glossy, dark green;yellow in fall

dark grayish-brown lustrous

pinnate simple; 1-2" long elliptic to obovate finely serrate acuminate,acute

cuneate dark green; brilliantred in fall

green when young;turning gray with age

smooth

pinnate 3-5" long; simple narrowly ovate-elliptic

dentate in upperpart of leaf,entire on bottomhalf

acute cuneate medium green;bronze in fall

yellowish brown smooth

pinnate simple; 1-2 1/2"long

elliptic-oblong,ovate

entire acute cuneate glossy, dark green medium gray,smooth

pubescent underside

pinnate 2-3 timescompound; up to30' long

leaflets--ovate; 1-2"long; 1/2-1" wide

entire acute acute medium green;bright red in fall

rough dark brownwith vertical lines

smooth

pinnate simple; 1-1 1/4"long

narrow elliptic tolanceolate

lightly serrate-crenate

acute cuneate glossy, dark green dark brown smooth

pinnate simple; 1 1/2-4"long

lanceolate serrate acuminate,pointed

cuneate bluish-gray ridged and furrowed glaucous and silkyunderside

pinnate simple ovate to obovate;3/4-1 1/2" long

toothed ottenobscurely; 3-lobed

pointed taperingrounded

pale bluish-green;lighter underside;bronze-yellow in fall

dark grayish-brown;shreds on older wood

glabrous

pinnate 2-5' long; simple ovate to broad;ovate

entire acuminate cordate dark green, no fallcolor

dark gray to gray-brown

glabrous

40 19 41


TABLE 5 - EVERGREEN SHRUB IDENTIFICATION

Buxus microphylla - Korean boxwood littleleaf boxwood

Euonymus kiautschovicus - spreading euonymus

Ilexgrenata "He Herr - Japanese holly

Juniperus chinensis "Hetzir - hetzli juniper

Juniperus chinensis "Phitzeriana" - phitzer juniper

Mahon la aguifolium - Oregon grape holly

Pinus mugo - mugo pine

Rhododendron catawbiense - catawba rhododendron

Taxus cuspidata - Japanese yew

Thuja occidentalis - Eastern or American arborvitae or white cedar

Viburnum rhytidophullum - leatherieaf viburnum

21

4 3

Table 5 - Evergreen Shrub Identification

ICOMMON NAME BOTANICALNAME

FORM BRANCHINGHABIT

GROWTH HABIT STEM BUDS LEAFARRANGEMENT

Korean Boxwoodor Litt !stealBoxwood

Buxusmicrophylla

compact;rounded

dense compact;spreading

slender; green terminal-small, ovoid opposite

SpreadingEuonymus

Euonymuskiautschovica

broadly oval broad spreading multi-stemmed;will climb like avine

slender, green,rounded

terminal-conhal, sharp-pointed; greenish, tinged withred In winter

opposite

Japanese Holly Ilex crenataWelled

compact; dense;rounded

multi-branched;twiggy

dense, compact slender green terminal-small,inconspicuous; lateral-small

alternate

Hetzli Juniper JuniperouschinensisWetzir

spreading 45' branch angle dense-k. .pact;irregular;spreading

stout, ragged bark terminal-small cross arrange-ment whenviewed from endof twig

Pfitzer Juniper JuniperuschinensisPfitzeriana'

wide spreading pendulous at tip;horizontalbranching

dense, compact stout; ragged bark terminal-small cross arrange-ment whenviewed from endof twig

Oregon GrapeHolly

Mahoniaaquifolium

upright; irregular upright irregular, open,straggly habit

roundish, stout; leafscars-narrow, low,half encircling thestem

terminal-large, oval shapewith 6 scales; lateral-small

alternate

Mugo Pine Pinus mugo mounded broad spreading,bushy

spreading short without downturning; brown toblackish-brown

terminal-1-4 to 1/2" oblongbud with reddish-brownscales, encrusted with resin;

2 in a bundle,may last tor 5years

CatawbaRhododendron

Rhododendroncatawbiense

rounded low to ground taller than wide brown with age terminal-large flower buds;lateral-large 1/2" long, scaly,pointed, yellowish-green

alternate

Japanese Yew Taxus

cuspidatabroad oval;compact;Irregular

upright-spreading dense-compact;irregular;spreading

green turningreddish-brown

terminal-ovold, oblong;lateral--oval to oblong,chestnut brown, overlapping

spirally arranged

Eastern orAmericanArborvitae; WhiteCedar

Thujaoccidentalis

pyramidal short ascendingbranches toground

upright;horizontal sprays

alternate,compressed, flatstems

not Important overlappingscales

Leather leafViburnum

Viburnumrhytidophyllum

upright; oval torounded

loosely branchod;upright

upright; stronglymulti-stemmed

gray to brown withpubescence; olderstems becomeglabrous

terminal-large 1/2" oblong,fuzzy buds; lateral-large,rusty-colored, vegetativebuds; 1 1/2-7 flowering buds

opposite

22

44 45

Table 5 - Evergreen Shrub Identification continued

VENA-TION

TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE MARGINSHAPE

TIP SHAPE BASE SHAPE

.-

LEAF COLOR BARKCHARACTERISTICS-

LEAF SURFACE

pinnate simple; 1/2-1"long

obovate entire rounded cuneate green; yellow tobrownish-yellow inwinter

light tan smooth

,

pinnate simple; 2-3" long broad-elliptic orobovate

crenate-serrate

acute toobtuse

cuneate green; rusty-green inwinter

green stems with age;changing to gray-brown

smooth

,

pinnate simple; 1/2-11/4" long

obovate to oblong crenate-serrate

obtuse acute to broad-cuneate

dark green green young stemsmaturing to yellow-brown

glabrous

notimportant

needle and awl scale-like; a fewawl-shaped

smooth

_

pointed rounded blue-green dark brown, splitting,peeling

glaucous

notimportant

scale and awl-like

juvenile-awl-shaped; adult-scalelike, obtuse,thickened

smooth pointed rounded gray-green dark brown; splitting,peeling

glaucous

pinnate compound; 5-9leaflets; 6-10"long

ovate to oblong-ovate

sinuatelyspiny-dentate

acute rounded-truncate

dark green; holly-like;purplish-bronze in fall

light brown smooth/shiny; stiff

,

parallel in pairs of 2; 2"long

rigid, curved finelytoothed

short, blunt,horny point

rounded medium green brown stomatic lines onboth surfaces

pinnate simple; 2-5" long elliptic to oblong entire,smooth

obtuse,cuspidate

rounded dark green; yellow-green underside

rusty glabrous; leathery

parallel needle; 1" long linear; usually 2ranked

entire cuspidate rounded dark green; yellowishunderside

reddish-brown smooth

notimportant

scale-like,abruptly pointedon main axis;glandular

scale-like; pointed notimportant

pointed rounded dark green; brownish-yellow in winter

reddish- to grayish-brown scaly

pinnate simple; 2-8" long ovate-oblcng toovate-lanceolate

entire acute orobtuse

rounded orsubcordate

dark green; light towhite on underside

medium grayish- brown glabrous; stronglywrinkledupperside;leathery

23

4 f; 4 7


TABLE 6 - GROUND COVER AND VINE IDENTIFICATION

Ajuga reptans - ajuga or bugleweed

Celastrus scandens - American bittersweet

Coronilla varis - crown vetch

Euonymus fortunei radicans - bigleaf wintercreeper

Hedra helix - English ivy

Juniperus horizontalis - creeping juniper

Lonicera japonica Hal liana' - Hall's honeysuckle

Vinca minor creeping myrtle or periwinkle

25

4S 49

Table 6 - Ground Cover and Vine Identification

COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME FORM BRANCHING HABIT GROWTH HABIT STEM LEAFARRANGEMENT

VENATION

Aluga orBugleweed

Ajuga reptans irregular grows in a clump mat-like ground cover roots form alongstems; squareflower stems

opposite pinnate

AmericanBittersweet

Celastrus scandens irregular spreading twining vine; woodyvine

not important alternate pinnate

Crown Vetch Coronilla varis sprawling prostrate orascending stems

vine-like herb brown in winter;green in growingseason

leaflets opposite pinnate

Big leafWintercreeper

Euonymus fortunei'Radicans

irregular irregular; erect,dense branches

trailing or climbingevergreen vine

green-purple, graywith age

opposite pinnate

English ivy Nedra helix irregular spreading trailing on the groundor climbing by aerialrootlets; woody vine

reddish alternate pinnate

Creeping Juniper Juniperus horizontalis prostrate semi-upright or lowirregular spreading

erect trailing habit not important flattened close tostem, overlapping

NA

Hall'sHoneysuckle

Lonicera japonica'Ha Nana'

irregular spreading climbing; woody vine slender, hairy opposite pinnate

Creeping Myrtleor Periwinkle

Vinca minor mat-forming irregular trailing slender, arching,drooping green

opposite pinnate

5 026

51

Table 6 - Ground Cover and Vine Identification continued

TYPE OFLEAF

LEAF SHAPE MARGIN SHAPE TIP SHAPE BASE SHAPE LEAF COLOR LEAF SURFACE UNIQUE CHAR-ACTERISTICS

simple basal--oblong, ellipticor ovate; upper-elliptic or ovate

entire wavy or bluntserrate

rounded narrowed topetiole

shiny green, burgundy smooth NA

simple elliptic to obovate, 13/4" to 4 1/2" long,up to 2 1/4" wide

toothed, lightlyserrate

acute rounded bright yellow in fall smooth NA

comp., .nd leaflet-oblong toobovate, 1/2" long

entire rounded rounded gray-green smooth NA

simple 1 1/2" to 2" long,elliptical; 1/2 to 1 1/2wide

wavy, smooth toslightly crenate orserrate

acute cuneate dark green smooth shiny aerial roots; largeterminal buds withsharp points

simple juverle-3-5 lobes, 2-F diameter; mature--less lobed

lobed acute rounded mature-deep green upper-side yellow-green under-side; young-light green

pubescent onunderside

NA

needle-hke scale-like and awl-like NA pointed rounded blue-green to greenish;purple in winter

NA NA

simple ovate to oblong, 11/2" to 3" long

smooth acuminate rounded dark green hairy on both sides NA

simple 1/2" to 1 1/2 long;1/2" wide; elliptic tolanceolate

entire acute acute blue-green glossy, wavy uppersurface

NA

rt)27


5 I

TABLE 7 - PERENNIAL IDENTIFICATION

Artemisia schmidtiana - silver mound

Astilbe x ardendsli - false spirea astilbe

Aauilegia hybrids - columbine

Chrysanthemum x morlfolium - garden mum

Coreopsls lanceolata coreopsis

Hemerocallis hybrids - day lily

Heuchera sanquinea - coral bells

Hosta species - plantain lily or hosta

Liriope spicata - creeping lily turf

Phlox subulata - creeping phlox

2 9

Table 7 - Perennial Identification

COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME FORM BRANCHING HABIT GROWTH HABIT STEM LEAF

ARRANGEMENTVENATION

Silver Mound Memisiaschmidtiana

rounded mound upright rounded mound alternate palmate

False SpiresAsti lbe

Asti lbe x ardendsil erect upright rounded habit with spikedflowers

whorled pinnate

Columbine Aquilegia hybrids erect stems erect several stems rising froma thickened root stock;flowers rise above foliage

whorled palmate

Garden Mum Chrysanthemum xmorifolium

columnar to roundmound

rounded; erectstems

rounded habit alternate pinnate

Coreopsis Coreopsislanceolate

irregular, upright,sprawling

upright, sprawling upright, sprawling opposite pinnate

Day Lily Hemerocallishybrids

rounded with uprightflower stalks

upright, archingbranches

mound-like shape offoliage

NA grow from aclump at base

parallel

Coral Bells Heucherasanguinea

rounded clump withupright flower stalks

upright rounded clump hairy; reddishcolor

grow from the rootstalk

palmate

Plantain Uly orMosta

,

Hosta species rounded mound upright upright, arching leaves;spike flowers

NA grow from clumpat base

parallel

parallelLily Turf Liriope spicata dense grass-like mator clump

upright, arching upright, arching; forminga dense mound

no abovegroundstem showing

grow from clumpat base

Creeping Phlox Phlox subulata prostrate mound,dense

irregular mat forming opposite in pairsor alternate;crowded

pinnate

ti 730

Table 7 - Perennial Identification continued

TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE

_

MARGIN SHAPE TIP SHAPE BASE SHAPE LEAF COLOR

compound twicepalmately dividedinto linear segments

1 3/4' long, linear smooth acute narrowing intopetiole

silvery-white

simple or twice orthrice compound

leaflets--ovate tooblong

,

doubly serrate

,

acute rounded dark green or bronze

twice or thricecompound

leafletwedgeshaped to nearlyround

notched deeplyIncised

cuneate yellow-green

lower--pinnatecompound; uppersimple

upperlanceolate toovate, 3" long orsmaller

upperlobed 1/3 to 1/2depth of blade; lobesentire or coarsely toothed

acute rounded upper surfacegreento gray; undersidegray-green

compound needle-like smooth pointed dark green

simple strap-like, linear,sword shape

smooth grass-like,pointed

narrows toward basalclump

bright green

simple reniform lobed serrate round rounded dark, bright green;some with silvermarkings

simplei

varies with species smooth to wavy acuminate forms tube-shapedstalk; narrowstowards basal clump

NA

simple linear, wide, 8" to20" long; 1/4" wide

minutely serrate acute narrows towardsbasal clump

NA

simple linear subulate upto 1" long; needle-like

ciliate.

pointed narrowing to stem dark green

5 31


slivery-white;hairs; velvetytexture

NA

smooth NA

smooth NA

undersidepubescent

stronglyaromatic

smooth

smooth NA

hairy NA

smooth

smooth

smooth

flower stalkshave bell-shaped flowers

NA

stiff leaves,close together


G

TABLE 8 - TURFGRASS IDENTIFICATION

Cvnodonclactvlon - Bermudagrass

Festuca arundinacea - tall fescue

Festuca rubra - red fescue

Lolium Derenne - perennial ryegrass

Poa pratensis - Kentucky bluegrass

Zoyzia japonica - zoysia grass

3361

Table 8 - Turfgrass Identification

COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME PICTURE GROWTH HABIT TEXTURE COLOR NATURAL HEIGHT

Bermudagrass G)enodon dactylon stolons and rhizomes fine dark blue-green 12"

Tall Fescue Festuca arundinacea rhizomes and stolons medium to coarse,;forms clumps

medium green 24-36*

Red Fescue Festuca rubra bunch

,

fine dark green

,

8"

Perennial Ryegrass Lolium perenne bunch medium to coarse dark green 20"

Kentucky Bluegrass Poa pratensis

irhizomes and tillers medium

.

blue-green 12-24'

Zoysia Grass Zoysia japonica

St

.

stolons and shortrhizomes

fine dark green 12"

34

Table 8 - Turfgrass Identification continued

BUD LEAFARRANGEMENT

BLADE TIP BLADE COLLAR AURICLE LIOULE SHEATH INFLORESCENSE

folded sharply pointedto the tip

flat or folded narrow with hairson the edge

absent fringe of hairsfused at the base

slightly flat withtutts of hair at thebase of plant;upper rounded,smooth,overlapping

spike

rolled parallel-sided flat, ridged aboveand wide, edgesrough

hairy, broad blunt to absentwith hairs onmargin

indistinct, blunt round, smooth,split

racemic

folded pointed andneedle-like

flat with thickmidrib, thick

indistinct andnarrow

absent indistinct truncate,smooth, entire

round, smooth,split

racemic

folded flat keeled below,glossy on bottom

pointed; ta. peringto tip

broad and distinct large claw-like membranous,entire; may betoothed, roundedto acute

open, flat, almostround, smooth

spike

folded boat-shaped andsmooth

v-shaped, reeled,bottom smooth

medium w/slighthairs

absent membranous,long truncate,entire, smooth

smooth, spHt panicle

rolled short and pointed flat, scattered withlong hairs

indistinct withhairy margins

absent fringe of hairs round, smoothwith hairs at top,split

spike

G 435

Identifying and Selecting , :ants for the Landscape

6E;

SELECTING PLANTS FOR THE LANDSCAPE

Table 9 - Shade Tree Selection

Table 10 - Flowering Tree Selection

Table 11 - Evergreen Tree Selection

Table 12 - Flowering Shrub Selection

Table 13 - Evergreen Shrub Selection

Table 14 - Ground Cover and Vine Selection

Table 15 - Perennial Selection

Table 16 Turfgrass Selection

36 67


TABLE 9 - SHADE TREE SELECTION

Acer rubrum - red maple

Acer saccharum - sugar maple

Betula niora - river birch

Betula pendula - European white birch

Fraxinus Pennsylvania - green ash

Gleditsia triacanthos inermis - honey locust

Liquidambar styraciflua - sweet gum

Liriodendron tulipifera - tulip tree

Plantanus occidentalis sycamore

Quercus palustris - pin oak

cordata - littleleaf linden

Pb

6 S C37

Table 9 - Shade Tree Selection

COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME HEIGHT WIDTH FORM GROWTH RATE HARDINESSZONE

USE IN LANDSCAPE TEXTURE

Red Maple Acer rubrum 40-60' 25-50 upright to round medium to fast;space 30' apart

3 specimen; street; patio;downtown

medium

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 40-70' 50-60' upright, oval slow to medium;space 30' apart

3 specimen; street,residential or larger

medium

River Birch Betula nigra 30-50' 30-50' upright, oval; roundedwith maturity

medium to fast;space 30' apart

4 specimen; residential orlarger effect; groupings

medium tofine

European WhiteBirch

Betula pendula 25-40' 10-15' oval, graceful,pendulous branches

medium; space 12'apart

8 good for narrow spaces;residential or larger;specimen

fine

Green Ash Fraxinuspennsylvanica

50-60' 40-50' round to oval; irregularwith maturity

fast; space 40' apart 3 street, quick effect medium,coarse

Honey Locust Glectitsiatriacanthos inermis

30-60' 30-50' oval . medium to fast;space 30' apart

4 street; raised planters;thornless & fruitless vari-eties are good for down-town areas & lawn trees

coarse, winterpattern

Sweet Gum Liquidambarslyraciflua

60-70' 30-40' oval to irregular slow to medium;space 30' apart

5 specimen; street,residential or larger

medium tocoarse

Tulip Tree Liriodendrontulipifera

60-90' 30-50' oval, pyramidal fast; space 40' apart 4 large scale design medium tocoarse

Sycamore Platanusoccidentialis

70-100' 70-100' oval to irregular fast; space 40' apart 4 large scale; parks andlarge estates

coarse

Pin Oak Quercus palustris 60-70' 40-50' pyramidal; bwerbranches hang down


4 residential or larger;specimen; useful urbantree

medium toslightly coarse

Little leaf Linden Tilia cordata 40-60' 35-40' upright; oval topyramidal withmaturity


3 dense shade; str: ..t;residential or larger

medium

3871

Table 9 - Shade Tree Selection continued

COLOR (LEAF) FLOWERING COLOR,LENGTH OF BLOOM

FRUITING TIME/TYPE FERTILIZERREQUIREMENTS

SOIL CONDITIONS WATERREQUIREMENTS

LIGHTREQUIREMENTS

medium green; yellowto red in fall

small red colorfulflowers in spring

bright red; samaras inlate spring

medium slightly acidic; chloroficIn highly alkaline soils

dry to wet sun to part shade

dark green; yellow tored in fall

yellow flowers in May greenish-yellow, Samara;early April; semi-attractive

medium prefers acidic soil; welldrained

medium to moist sun to part shade

medium green; yellowin fall

long pistillate small nutlet medium slightly acidic; toleratesmany

wet to dry; first toshow moisture stress

sun to part shade

glossy green; palerunderside; yellow in fall

not important brown cone-like insummer

medium medium drainage high moisture sun

medium to dark green;paler underside; yellowin fall

not important 2"; light tan samara inclusters in early fall

medium wide range; acidic toalkaline

dry to wet; droughtresistant

sun

bright green; yellow infall

not important;greenish pea-like;fragrant

fruiting varieties have 8-18" long twisted brownpods, which persist intowinter

wide range; acidic toalkaline

dry to wet; droughttolerant

sun to part shade

medium green; yellow,red, or scarlet in fall

not important brown spiny balls thatpersist Into winter

subject toch:orosis In highalkaline soil

wide range, acidic toalkaline; best in rich clayor loam

dry to wet sun to shade

shiny green; yellow infall

large yellow-orangetulip-like flowers inearly summer

cone-like fruits thatpersist into winter

medium well-drained; po!ersacidic soils

medium sun

medium green; tan infall

not important brown 1 1/2" balls thatpersist into winter

medium prefers deep rich soil, butwill tolerate many soilsincluding alkaline

moist sun to part shade

dark green; red orbrown in fall; foliagepersists into winter

not important light brown (acorn) nut;single or cluster; 1/2"long

subject to ironchlorosis

does not tolerate alkalinesoils

prefers moist, but willtolerate dry soils

sun to part shade

dark green, yellow infall

very fragrant yellow towhite flowers in lateJune

seeds on ribbon-like leaf wide range of soil; wil:tolerate alkaline soil ifmoist; tolerates poor soil

prefers moisture; nottolerant of drought

sun to part shade

7239

Table 9 - Shade Tree Selection continued

COMMONNAME


TRANSPLANT-ABILITY

DISEASEPROBLEMS

INSECTPROBLEMS

PRUNING METHODAND TIME

SPECIALCONSIDERATIONS

UNIQUECHARACTERISTICS

Red Maple tolerates city heatand glare

easy; B & B andbareroot; spring

leaf hoppers not important good replacement forSilver Maple

colorful fall color

Sugar Maple to zone easy; B & B leaf scorch;verticillium wilt

not important not good In containers orIn pollution; attractivewinter branching

colorful fall color

River Birch to zone easy mildew; woodydecay; leaf spot;dieback

leaf miner; bronzebirch borer; aphids

not important light shade showy peeling bark;good winter branchhabit

EuropeanWhite Birch

to zone easy in spring none serious bronze birch borers;aphids; leaf miner

summer or fall;spring pruningcauses bleeding

litter problem; notrecommended becauseof bronze birch borer

especially interestingwhite bark

Green Ash to zone easy rusts and cankers;many others

borers and scale;many others

in fall roots clog drains; wildlifefood; somewhat toleratessalt

"Marshall Seedless"variety has no seeds;others create litter

HoneyLocust

to zone easy leaf spot; cankers;rust

borers; webworm;spider mites

thin young trees ofnew growth; prune infall

tends to be overused;salt, pollution, and windtolerant; lowmaintenance of leaf drop

interesting branchhabit; filtered shadeallows grass to grow;thornless cultivars arerecommended

Sweet Gum to zone B & B in spring;ditficult

bleeding necrosis;leaf spots

webworm; scales not important seed balls cause litter;not good in city

colorful fall color; seedballs give winterinterest

Tulip Tree to zone B & B; spring leaf spot; sootymold; canker

aphids not important roots can be invasive; nottolerant of air pollution;weak-wooded; flowersare high in the tree

massive stately tree

Sycamore to zone easy anthracnose;witches broom;leaf spots

aphids; scale bug;sycamore planttussock moth

not important don't use as street treetoo messy; use LondonPlane tree instead,because it is anthracnoseresistant

exfoliating bark;colorful winter trunk,branches, andhanging balls;attractive flaking bark

Pin Oak to zone easy galls; ironchlorosis

none serious low branchesfrequently requirepruning

winter foliage blocks sunheat; don't use nearstreets or sidewalks dueto low branches

good for city condi-tions; interestinggrowth habit

Little leafLinden

tolerates heat easy leaf blight; can-kers; powderymildew

aphids: scales;linden mite; borers

can be pruned tohedge

pollution tolerant fragrant flowers attractbees

74 4075


TABLE 10 - FLOWERING TREE SELECTION

Albizia julibrissirr. - mimosa

Cercis canadersis - eastern redbud

Cornus florlda - flowering dogwood

Crataegus phaenoPyrum - Washington hawthorne

Koelreuteria paniculata - golden raintree

Magnolia soulangiana - saucer magnolia

Ma lus species - flowering crabapple

12 ty_lacarga"Br dford" - Bradford pear

41 77

Table 10 - Flowering 'Free Selection

COMMONNAME

BOTANICALNAME

HEIGHT WIDTH FORM GROWTH RATE HARDINESSZONE

USE IN LANDSCAPE COLOR (LEAF)

Mimosa Albiziajulibrisnin

25-35 25-35' broad-spreading,vase shape

medium 6

j

residential; not muchvalue

medium green; yellowin fall

EasternRedbud

Cerciscanadensis

20-25' 15-20' rounded medium; space 15apart

4 specimen; under-story;shrub border; groupings

dark green; yellow infall

FloweringDogwood

Comus florida 20-30' 15-20' semi-rounded slow to medium;space 12' apart

4 specimen; under-storyresidential; naturalistic;grouping

dark green; brilliantred in fall

WashingtonHawthorn

Crataegusphaenopyrum

_,25' 15-20' oval to round; upright medium; space 10'

apart4 specimen; mass barrier;

accentdark green; reddish inspring; yellow In fall

GoldenRaIntree

Koelreuteriapaniculata

20-40' 20-25' rounded, spreading medium; space 20apart

5 residential;patio/terrace; street tree

green; yellow in fall

SaucerMagnolia

Magnoliasoulangiana

20-25' 15-20' oval to rounded;irregular with maturity

medium; space 12apart

5 specimen green; yellow tobrown in fall

FloweringCrabapple

Malus species 15-25' 20-25' oval to spreading medium; space 15apart

4 specimen; naturalistic;grouping; residential orlarger

green to red; yellow tored in fall

BradfordPear

Pyrus calleryana'Bradford'

30-50' 20-35' pyramidal to oval medium; space 20apart

4 specimen; street;residential scale

glossy green; purplein fall

7 s 42

Table 10 - Flowering Tree Selection continued

FLOWERING COLOR,LENGTH OF BLOOM

FRUITINGTIME/TYPE

TEXTURE CHAR-ACTERISTICS

SOIL CONDITIONS WATERREQUIREMENTS

FERTILIZING

REQUIREMENTSLIGHTREQUIREMENTS

TEMPEPATUREREQUIREMENTS

showy pink powderpuffs in summer

not Important fine well-drained, alkalinesoil

medium medium full sun heat tolerant

pink flowers in earlyspring before leaves

a brown pods Infall that persist Intowinter; legume

medium tocoarse

wide range; well-drained, acidic toalkaline soils

moist to droughtresistant

medium sun to part shade;blooms best in fullsun

to zone

white or pink showyflowers In mid-May

orange to red fruitIn clusters, persistinto winter

medium well-drained acidicsoil; add organicmatter

medium medium part shade to shade to zone

white 1/2" flowers inmid-June

red-orange clustersin fall that persistinto winter

fine-medium wide range, well-drained, acid toalkaline

dry to moist medium sun to part shade to zone

showy bright yellowpanicles in summer

clusters of paperycapsules thatpersist into winter

medium wide range drought resistant medium bast in sun tolerates low wintertemperature andwind

showy, pink to whitesaucer-shapedflowers

not important medium-coarse slightly acidic, loose medium medium sun to part shade protected locationhelps prevent flowerbud frost damage

white to red flowersin early spring

yellow or red pomefruit in late summerand fall

medium well-drained slightlyacidic soil

medium medium sun to part shade to zone

white flowers in earlyspring before leaves

small 1/2" fruits infall: not showy

medium wide range medium to dry medium sun to zone

S 0 43

61

Table 10 - Flowering Tree Selection continued

COMMONNAME

TRANSPLANT-ABILITY

DISEASE PROBLEMS INSECTPROBLEMS

PRUNING METHODAND TIME


UNIQUECHARACTERISTICS

OTHER COMMENTS

Mimosa difficult vascular wilt webworm prune wide-spreading branchesto relieve weight

not a qualitylandscape plant;winter kills

foliage folds at night;showy flowers

not suited to northernclimates; short lifespan

EasternRedbud

medium; B & B canker; leaf spot;verticillium

borers; scales;leaf hoppers;leaf rollers

prune deadbranches

better related tocool, moist climate

persistent fruit inwinter; showy flowers

blooms same time asdogwood

FloweringDogwood

B & B; difficult fungal wilt; leaf spot borers not applicable subject to winterinjury to flower buds

interesting winterbranching; 4 seasonsof interest

grows wild in SouthernMissouri and south;Missouri's state tree;wildlife food

WashingtonHawthorn

easy; B & B,early spring, assmall tree

cedar Hawthorn rust;fire blight; leaf spots;powdery mildew; scab

lace bug;aphids; borers

winter or earlyspring

tolerates cityconditions

2" thorns none applicable

GoldenRalntree

easy; B & B none serious none serious winter none important nice persistant fruit inwinter

tolerates air pollution

SaucerMagnolia

difficult, B & Bin spring

black mildew; leafspots; leaf blight

none serious prune afterflowering

blooms best in sure showy flowers susceptible to late frostdamage

FloweringCrabapple

easy fire blight; cedar applerust; apple scab;canker; powderymildew

scale; borers;aphid

prune afterflowering

blooms best in tun showy flowers can grown in espalieror raised planter; manyvarieties

BradfordPear

-easy; B & B inearly spring

none serious none serious prune lowerbranches for down-town walk; spring

tolerates pollution good fall color; fruitnot important; nice inbloom

fairly resistant to fireblight

44

63

Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape,

TABLE 11 -117tRGREEN TREE SELECTION

Ilex opaca - American holly

Juniperus virginiana - Eastern red cedar

Magnolia grandiflora - southern magnolia

F_Lteies - Norway spruce

Picea pungens "Glauca" - blue spruce

Pinus nigra - Austrian pine

Pinus strobus - white pine

Pinus - Scotch Dine

Tsuga canadensis hemlock

8 4 4 5

Table 11 - Evergreen Tree Selection

COMMONNAME

BOTANICALNAME

HEIGHT WDTH FORM GROWTH RATE HARDINESSZONE


American Holly Ilex opaca 15-30' 15-20 pyramidal slow to medium;space 20' apart

5 specimen; screen,grouping

dull yellow-green

Eastern RedCedar

Juniperusvirginiana

30-40' 15-18' pyramidal tobroadly pyramidal

medium; space12' apart

2 enframement;screen; windbreak;hedge

dull reddish-green

SouthernMagnolia

Magnoliagrandiflora

50-60' 30-40' pyramidal; roundedin maturity

slow to medium;space 35' apart

7 specimen; largesr ale; high screen

shiny, dark green;rust colored andpubescent onunderside

Norway Spruce Picea abies 40-60' 25-35' pyramidal medium; space25' apart

2 specimen;windbreak;enclosure

bright to mediumgreen

Blue Spruce Picea pungens'Gfauca'

80-100' 15-25' broadly pyramidal slow to medium 2 specimen; accent;windbreak

gray to blue-green

Austrian Pine Pinus nigra 30-60' ' pyramidal; oval inmaturity

medium 4 specimen; wind-break; screen orgrouping

dark green

White Pine Pinus strobus 50-60' 25-30' pyramidal toirregular; pyramidalin maturity

fast to medium;space 15' apart

3 specimen; screen;mass; background;residential and largescale

bluish to gray-green

Scotch Pine Anus sylvestris 30-60' 30-40' Irregular pyramidal medium; slowwith maturity;space 25' apart

2 specimen; mass;windbreak; screen

blue-graen;yellowish-green inwinter

Hemlock Tsuga

canadensis50-70' 20-25' pyramidal moderate to rapid;

grows fast atterestablished; space10' apart; closer inhedges

3 tall scraen & hedges;specimen; open areaor understory tree;north exposure;deep shade

dark green; flatneedles

t46

S7

Table 11 - Evergreen Tree Selection continued


FRUITINGTIME/TYPE

TEXTURE SOIL CONDITIONS WATERREQUIREMENTS

FERTILIZINGREQUIREMENTS

LIGHTREQUIREMENTS


not important red berries inOctober that persistinto winter

medium-coarse fertile, well-drained,acidic

moist to dry medium sun to part shade needs windprotection

not important bluish-gray berry onfemale plant

medium wide range; acidic toextremely alkaline;will tolerate poorsoils

dry to moist low sun to zone

large, fragrant whiteflowers in late spring

grayish-brown conewith red seeds inearly fall

coarse wide range, butprefers slightly acidic

medium to moist;not dry

medium sun to part shade protect againstwind and extremecold temperatures

not important brown cones 5-6" inupper part of tree;pendulous

medium don't plant on poorsites; sandy, well-drained

moist, humid

_.....-----good fertility sun to part shade not tolerant of hot

weather

not important pendulous,cylindrical browncone

medium rich moist medium; somedrouctht tolerance

medium to high sun to zone

not important cones; 3" long; somein clusters

medium tolerant of poorlydrained and heavysoils

tolerates moist, notwet soil; toleratessome drought

meoium sun heat resistant

not important 5-6" brown cone;pendant

fin^ well-drained;tolerates dry, rockysoil

medium to high medium sun to zone

not important gray to dull brownrounded cones

medium well-drained; willtolerate poor drysoil; will tolerate acidsoil

low to medium low to medium sun to zone

brown 1/2" cone infall: slender apo;ynearly blunt

fine well-drained; CiCidiC,

deep moist loam;rocky bluff or sandy

medium to high;not drought tolerant

medium sun to 'part shade;grows best inpartial shade

not tolerant of drywinds or prolongedheat

S B47 S

Table 11 - Evergreen Tree Selection continued

COMMON NAME TRANSPLANT-ABILITY

DISEASEPROBLEMS

INSECT PROBLEMS PRUNING METHODAND TIME



OTHERCOMMENTS

American Holly easy; B & B inspring

leaf spot;bacterial blight;twig die back; leafrot

scale; holly leafminer; bud moth;whitefly; berrymidge

winter holiday season smaller leaf varietiesare better for homeand downtown

broadleafevergreen; spinyleaves

tolerates airpollution; plant 1male for every 2-3females

Eastern Red Cedar easy; B & B cedar apple rust bag worms; spidermites

withstands heavypruning; hedges

very easy to grow;may clash withother foliage colors

narrowleafevergreen;resistant tophomopsis

tolerates airpollution

Southern Magnolia difficult; B & B;early spring

none serious none serious after flowering lower branches willhelp hide droppingleaves

broadleafevergreen

protect from winterwinds and sun

Norway Spruce easy; B & B none serious spider mites; sprucegall-aphids; borers;budworm

tolerates heavypruning; spring

NA narrowleafevergreen;branches droop

much over-planted

Blue Spruce easy; B & B none serious spruce gall-aphids;spruce budworm;spider mites

NA looses lowerbranches

narrowleafevergreen; bluecolor will detractfrom other plants

over-used

Austrian Pine easy Diplodia tip blight pine needle; scale none required; prunecandles to shape

tolerates salt andcity conditions

narrowleafevergreen

more tolerant thanother pines

White Pine easy white pine blisterrust

white pine weevil can be a shearedhedge; prune candlesto shape

sweeping winds candamage

narrowleafevergreen

will not tolerate airpollution

Scotch Pine easy; B & B ifroot pruned

root rot; tip blight;many rusts;nematodes aserious problem

pine tip moth prune candles toshape; June

varies in needlelength and color

leaves last severalyears

popular Christmastree

Hemlock easy; B & B ifroot pruned

leaf blight; cankerrust; needle rust;sapwood rot

scale in easternstates; hemlockborer; bagworms;gypsy moth

reponds well toclipping for low orhigh mass effect; canbe trained to thickhedge

sun scorched whentemperature 95°Fand above;si:sceptible to saltinjury

NA NA

48

identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape

TABLE 12 - FLOWERING SHRUB SELECTION

Berberis thunbergii - Japanese barberry

Cornus sericea - redosier dogwood

Chaenomeles speciosa - flowering quince

Euonymus alatus - winged euonymus or burning bush

Forsythia x Intermedla - border forsythia

Ligustrum japonicum - wax leaf privet

Nandlna domesticum - nandina or heavenly bamboo

Pyracantha coccinea - scarlet firethorn

Salix graciHstyla - rosegold pussy willow

Spirea vanhouttel - Vanhoutte spirea

Syrinaa vulaaris - common lilac

49

INEMIN1111

9 3

Table 12 - Flowering Shrub Selection

COMMONNAME

BOTANICALNAME

HEIGHT WIDTH FORM GROWTH RATE HARDINESSZONE


JapaneseBarberry

Berberisthunbergil

3-6' 4-7' rounded; dense medium; space 3'apart

4 hedge; foundation;specimen; mass barrier;shrub border

medium green;reddish In fall

RedosierDogwood

Comus sericea 7-9' 10 broad-spreading,multi-stemmed

fast 2 specimen; mass; shrubborder

medium green;purplish in fall

FloweringQuince

Chaenomelesspeciosa

6-10' 6-10' rounded to irregular medium; space 4'apart

4 shrub border; specimen;mass; barrier

glossy, dark green;yellow in fall

WingedEuonymus orBurning Bush

Euonymusalatus

15-20' 15-2C' upright; flat top;rounded

medium to slow;space 5' apart

3 specimen; naturalisticmass; barrier; hedge;screen

dark green; brilliantred in fall

BorderForsythia

Forsythia xintermedia

6-10' 10-12' rounded witharching branches

medium to fast;space 4' apart

5 specimen; border; mass;screen;

mdeium green;bronze in fall

Wax Leaf Privet Liqustrumjaponicurn

6-10' 6-8' rounded; upright tospreading;

fast; space 5' apart 7-10 residential and largescale; screen; border;hedge

glossy, dark green

Nandina orHeavenlyBamboo

Nandinadomestica

4-5' 2-3' upright; irregular medium to fast;space 2' apart

6-10 specimen; containers;mass

medium green;bright red in fall

ScarletFirethorn

Pyracanthacoccinea

6-15' 10' upright; rounded;irregular

fast; space 8' apart 6 specimen; barrier;screen; hedge

glossy, dark-green

RosegoldPussy Willow

Salix gracilistyla 6-10' 5-8' rounded extremelv fast 5 specimen; barrier;screen

bluish-gray

VanhoutteSpires

Spireavanhouttei

5-8' 5-8' rounded withpendulousbranches

fast; space 4' apart 5 shrub border; foundation pale bluish-greenupperside; lighterunderside; bronze-yellow in fall

Common Lilac Synnga vulgaris 8-10' 6-12' upright; irregular;multi-stemmed;leggy


3 shrub border; massing dark green; no fallcolor

50

Table 12 - Flowering Shrub S lection continued


FRUITING TIME/TYPE TEXTURE SOIL CONDITIONS WATERREQUIREMENTS


LIGHTREQUIREMENTS


not showy; smallyellow flowers in earlyspring

red berries in Octoberthat persist Into winter

fine to medium wide range; well-drained; acidic toalkaline

moist to dry;withstandsdrought

medium sun to part shade;best in full sun

to zone

white 1 1/2 to 2 1/2"flowers in late May toJune

white 1/5" berry-likefruits in September

medium wide range moist to wet medium sun to zone

red, white, or pinkflowers in early spring(March)

yellowish-green pompin late summer

medium wide range; well-drained

medium medium;chlorosis inalkaline soils

sun to part shade to zone

not important 4-lobed capsule; redto orange

medium wide range; acidic toalkaline; well-drained

medium to dry medium to low sun to part shade to zone

bright yellow flowersin early spring thatlast 2-3 weeks

not important medium wide range; well-drained; acidic toalkaline

low to medium medium sun to part shade;best in full sun

to zone

white 4-6" fragrant,showy clusters in Juneand July

black clusters in falland winter

medium tocoarse

wide range; acidic toalkaline; mediumdrainage

medium; droughtresistant

medium sun to part shade to zone; severewinters will killtwigs

showy white paniclesin mid-summer

red cluster in fall andwinter

fine wide range; loam; pH5.0-6.5; chlorosis inalkaline soils

drought resistant low sun to part shade heat resistant; diesback at 0°, losesleaves at 10'

showy white clustersin June

bright orange-redclusters that persistinto winter

medium wide range; welldrained, acidic toalkaline

medium to dry medium sun to part shade;better flowers infull sun

to zone

showy; 1 1/4" long;pinkish-reddish tingedcatkins

capsule that containscottony or silky, hairyseeds

fine well-drained; deep,not chalky soil

moist medium to low sun to zone

white showy flowers inlate spring

not important medium to fine wide range, pH 6.0-7.0


white, pink, purple. orblue frag,ant flowersin late spring

not importah' medium tocoarse

wide range; neutralpH

medium to low medium to low sun to zone

;) 6 51

9 7

Table 12 - Flowering Shrub Selection continued

COMMONNAME

TRANSPLANT-ABILITY

DISEASE PROBLEMS INSECTPROBLEMS

PRUNING METHOD ANDTIME

LIFE SPAN SPECIALCONSIDERATIONS

OTHER COMMENTS

JapaneseBarberry

easy; bare root bacterial leaf spot;anthracnose; root rots;wilt

barberry aphid;scale

anytime medium many thorns; good fallcolor

some clutivars havepurple foliage; collectstrash,

RedoslerDogwood

easy; bare rootor B & B

stem canker scales;bagworms

to keep yellow colorprune old wood

medium good fall color; attrac-tive red stem In winter

spreads byunderground stolons

FloweringQuince

easy; B & B leaf spot scale; aphids prune to 6" abovegroundatter spring bloom orannually; thin stemsatter blooming

medium only showy 2 weeks ofyear In spring; thorny;collects trash

fruit good for jellies;thornless varietiesavailable

WingedEuonomous orBurning Bush

easy; B & B none serious none serious withstands pruning long sensitive to salt;excellent fall color insun

compact varieties (5')are the commonplants in nurseries

BorderForsythia

easy; bare rootor B & B

crown gall; leaf spots;forsythia stem gall

spider mites prune atter flowering;remove older stems

medium late frosts can killblooms; not forfoundation planting

attractive archingbranch pattern Inwinter; overused

Wax LeafPr ivet

easy; B & B none serious none serious attei flowering medium showy, fragrant flowers wildlife food

NandinaHeavenlyBamboo

easy none serious none serious atter flowering medium plant in groups forcross pollination;protect from southwestwinds

wildlife food

ScarletFirethorn

difficult:container; inspring

fireblight; scab on fruit;twig blight; root rot

scale; lace bug;aphids

needed to keep inbounds; any time

long fruit produced on 2-year wood; fruit hasnice character

wildlife food; thorns

RosegoldPussy Willow

easy; containeror B & B

bacterial twig blight;crown gall; leaf blight;puvvdery mildew; rust;scabs

lace bug; aphid;willow flea;weevil borer;scale

summer or fall long showy male flowers

VanhoutteSplrea

easy none serious aphids should not be sheared;best to prune to base;prune after flowering

long very showy flowers good shrub borderplant

Common Lilac easy powdery mildew;bacterial blight

borer; scale needs constantgrooming annually afterblooming; remove 1/3of oldest canes

long fragrant flowers best for cool climates;renew old overgrownplants; sensitive to airpollution

52

.1;IMI Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape

TABLE 13 - EVERGREEN SHRUB SELECTION

Buxus microohylla - Korean boxwood littleleaf boxwood

Euonymus kiautschovicus - spreading euonymus

Ilex crenata "Helleri" - Japanese holly

Juniperus chinensis "Hetzil" - hetzli juniper

Juniperus chinensis "Phitzeriana" - phitzer juniper

Mahonia aquifolim - Oregon grape holly

Pinus mugo - mugo pine

Rhododendron catawbiense - catawba rhododendron

Taxus cuspidata - Japanese yew

Thuja occidentalis - Eastern or American arborvitae or white cedar

Viburnum rhytidophullum - leatherleaf viburnum

100 53 101.

Table 13 - Evergreen Shrub Selection

COMMON NAME BOTANICALNAME

HEIGHT WIDTH FORM GROWTH RATE HARDINESZONE


Korean Boxwood orLittle leaf Boxwood

Buxusmicrophylla

3-4' 3-4' compact;rounded

moderate toslow; space 2'apart

5; hardiest ofspecies

specimen; hedge; massgrouping; container;foundation; border;

green, yellow tobrownish-green Inwinter

SpreadingEuonymus

Euonymuskiautschovica

6-8' 8-10' hroadly oval fast; space 6'apart

5 natualistic; espalier;screens, informal hedge,massing

green; rusty-green in winter

Japanese Holly Ilex crenataWelled

2-4' 3-4' compact; dense;rounded

slow; space 2'apart

5 containers (will trail over);hedge; foundation; patio;border

dark green

Hetzil Juniper Junlperouschinensis "Hetzir

15' 15' upright;spreading

fast; space 5'apart

4-10 screen; foundation; dry,windswept slope; mass;specimen

blue-green

Pfitzer Juniper Juniperuschinensis'Pfitzeriana"

6' 6-8' wide-spreading; medium to fast;space 5' apart

4 specimen; mass; screen;hedge

gray-green;needle-like

Oregon GrapeHolly

Mahoniaaquifolium

3-9' 3-5' upright; irregular slow--2' to 3' over3 to 4 years

5 shrub border; foundation;specimen

dark green; holly-like, purplish-bronze In fall

Mugo Pine Pinus mugo 10-20;"compacta"4 to 5'

25-30';"compacta" 4 to 5'

mounded slow; space 4'apart

2 accent; specimen; rockgardans; residentialscale; mass; foundations

medium greenneedles; 2 in abLndle

CatawbaRhododendron

Phododrendroncatawbiense

6-10' 6-8' rounded slow to medium;space 4' apart

4 mass; specimen; under-story; woodland area

dark green;yellow-greenunderside

Japanese Yew Taxus cuspidata 4-6' 5-7' broad oval;compact;irregular

slow; space 4'apart

4 foundation; hedge;screen border; mass

dark green;yellowishunderside

Eastern orAmericanArborvitae or WhiteCedar

Thujaoccidentalis

40-60' 10-15' pyramidal slow to medium 2 hedge; screen;windbreak;

dark green;brownish yellowin winter


Viburnumrhytidophyllum

8-10' 6-8' upright; oval toround; looselybranched

medium; space5' apart

6 specimen; shrub border;accent

dark green; lightto white under-side; leathery

54

102 103

Table 13 - Evergreen Shrub Selection continued


FRUITING TIME/TYPE TEXTURE SOIL CONDITIONS WATERREQUIREMENTS


LIGHTREQUIREMENTS


fragrant terminalclusters; not important

capsule fine well-drained; highorganic matter; best Inslightly acidic soils

medium medium sun to part shade protect florn dryingwinds and extremelow temperature

showy, small,greenish-white clustersIn August

,pale green; orange infall and winter;showy; November

mediumto coarse

wide range; acidic toalkaline; fertile to poor

medium medium sun to part shade may die back inwinter with coldtemperature

not important 1/4" black berry-likefruit in September

fine medium drainage; pH5.0-6.0; loam

medium high each year sun to part shade,part shade If poorsoil

to zone

not important bluish-gray; fall andwinter; colorful

fine wide range; well-drained; prefers alkaline,though tolerates acid

medium, doeswell in dry areas

medium full sun, will grow inpart shade

to zone

not important small cones fine wide range; alkaline;tolerates acid; well-drained; good for rockysoils


bright yellow flowers Inlate April; slightlyfragrant

grape-like true berry;blue-black with 1/3"bloom on surface;August to September

medium acidic; well-drained moist medium shade not in hot sun orwind

not important cones; not important medium wide range; prefersdeep, moist, loam


rosy-lilac to magenta-purple and white inearly summer; veryshowy

capsule bold-coarse

well-drained; organicacid soil

medium to high medium best in part shade to zone

not important red-coated on femaleonly

mediumto fine

well-drained; acidic toalkaline soil

medium to high medium sun to shade to zone

not important 1/3 to 1/2" long;yellowish cones

medium-fine

well-drained; marshy;loam; tolerates alkalinesoil

high humidity;medium to moist

medium sun to zone

creamy-white terminalcluster 4"-8" across inlate spring

not important coarse medium drainage;acidic to alkaline

medium fertilize each year shade to partshade

to zone

55

104 105

Table 13 - Evergreen Shrub Selection continued


DISEASEPROBLEMS

INSECT PROBLEMS PRUNING METHODAND TIME

LIFE SPAN SPECIALCONSIDERATIONS

OTHER COMMENTS

Korean Boxwoodor Uttle leafBoxwood

easy; B & B orcontainer

canker; blight; leafspot; root rot

mealy bugs; boxwoodleaf miner; gianthornet; boxwoodwebworm

prune to removedead twigs

long don't cultivatearound as roots areclose to surface

hardier than commonboxwood; broadleafevergreen

SpreadingEuonymus

easy mildew;anthracnose; crowngall; leaf spot

aphids; thrips; scale some varieties maybe tree form ifpruned

long flowers attract flies;not good for patio

leaves droop in winter

Japanese Holly easy none serious none serious can be sheared intoformal shapes

medium attractive lightreflective ability

a hardier variety

Hetzil Juniper easy phomopsis twigblight

bagworms anytime long not applicable not applicable

Pfitzer Juniper easily; B & B orcontainer

phomopsis blight bag worms; juniperscale; mites; aphids

specimens may bepruned to treeforms

long sometimes found togrow taller thanlisted

good landscapingcultivars are available

Oregon GrapeHolly

medium leaf rust; leaf spot;leaf scorch

barberry aphid; scale;whitefly

annually, just atterflowering

medium good yellow flowersand grape-like fruit

unsweeping windsand winter sun causeleaf scorch

Mugo Pine easy; B & B ifroot pruned

rusts; wood rots borer; scale prune annually tokeep dwarf

long slow growing confusing due tovariety of sizes;compact varietiesused most often

CatawbaRhododendron

B & B orcontainer

botrytis blotch;blights; gray blight;canker; crown rot;powdery mildew

leaf hopper; whiteflies;mealybugs; borer;scales thrips

atter flowering long life if ingoodconditions

protect from wintersun and wind; mulchat all times;

must have goodconditions

Japanese Yew easy; B & B none serious none serious anytime long tolerates cityconditions

hardiest yew; lots ofgood varieties

Eastern orAmericanArborvitae orWhite Cedar

easy leaf blight; tip blight;juniper blight; cedartree canker; leafbrowning andshreding

bagworm; arborvitaeaphid; leaf miner;mites; mealybug; scale

tolerant; prior togrowth in spring

long high w; is, snow,and ice candamage; has tansy-odor when bruised

other varieties turnugly yellow-brown inwinter


easy; B & B none serious none serious prune afterflowering

long hardiest of evergreenviburnums

best with protectionfrom sun and wind

IC 6 56 107


1 0

TABLE 14 - GROUND COVER AND VINE SELECTION

Ajuga reptans - ajuga or bugleweed

Celastrus scandens - American bittersweet

Coronilla varis - crown vetch

Euonymus fortunei radicans - bigleaf wintercreeper

Nedra helix - English ivy

Juniperus horizontalis - creeping juniper

Lonicera japonica Halliana' - Hall's honeysuckle

Vinca minor - creeping myrtle or periwinkle

57

Table 14 - Ground Cover and Vine Selection

COMMONNAME

BOTANICALNAME

HEIGHT WIDTH FORM GROWTHRATE

HARDINESSZONE


Ajuga orBugleweed

Ajuga reptans 3-6" spreading mat-like clump fast; may beinvasive

3 ground cover: rock garden,edging, border

shiny green,burgundy

AmericanBittersweet

Celastrusscandens

20 15.20'-variable,space 12" apart

spreading fast 3 Vine: screen with supportfrom walls, trellises, orarbors

bright yellow In fall

Crown Vetch Coronilla varis 9-1W 20"; space 24"apart

sprawling,spreading

fast 4 ground cover: steep banks,rock garden, highwayerosion control; too coarsefor most gardens

gray-green

Big leafwintercreeper

Euonymusfortunei73adicans'

6-7' vine; 12-24" groundcover

variable irregularspreading

medium tofast

4 ground cover or shrub vine;will grow as vi '4 withsupport

dark green

English Ivy Nedra helix 6-10" asground cover

variable; space12" apart

spreading fast 6 vine: trellis cover; groundcover: planter box, lawnsubstitute; deop roots goodfor erosion control

maturedeep greenupperside, yellow-green underside;youngfight green

CreepingJuniper

Juniperushorizontalis

12-16" 10'; space 8'apart

irregularspreading

moderate 2 ground cover: rockgardens; hangs over a wall

blue-green;greenish-purple Inwinter

Hall'sHoneysuckle

Lonicerajaponica1-lalliane

as groundcover 6"mound

20-30'; space 6-10' apart

spreading fast 3 vine; to cover bank or fencewhen controlled

dark green

CreepingMyrtle orPeriwinkle

Vinca minor 10" moderatespread; space12" apart

mat-forming moderate 5 ground cover: rock garden,tub, hanging basket

blue-green

58 1 1 1

Table 14 - Ground Cover and Vine Selection continued

FLOWERING COLOR;LENGTH OF BLOOM

FRUITINGTIME/TYPE



LIGHTREQUIREMENTS

TERMPERATUREREQUIREMENTS

April to May; violet-blueto purple

not important medium tolerates poor soil;well-drained

medium low to medium shadewhere grasswill not grow; alsopart sun

to zone

inconspicuous yellow and orangethrough winter

medium tocoarse

any soil medium medium to low sun to part shade;best fruiting in fullsun

to zone

p.nk-purple in summer not important fine tomedium

tolerates poor soils;well-drained, dry soils

low low f WI sun to zone

not showy many brightorange fruitthrough winter

medium wide range of soil moderatelydrought resistant

responds well tofertilizer

full sun to partshade

not hot, westernexposure

inconspicuous, globe-shaped

not important medium tocoarse

wide range; fertile,moist, well-drained

moist medium to high grows well in shade;will take sun

to zone

inconspicuous blue on a shortstem, sometimesglaucous

fine wide range of soils;grows well in sandy,rocky soils

moderately dry todry

medium to low sun; susceptible tofungus in shade

to zone

Nhite, fragrant 2" flowersthat yellow with age

black, fleshy berry coarse most any soil drought-tolerant medium sun or light thade to 20°F

bright blue (white andpurple cultivarsavailable): not showy

none fine tomedium

tolerates most soils moderatelytolerant of drought

--J-

medium best in part shadeor shade, buttolerates full sun

does not toleratehot temperatures

112 59

Table 14 - Ground Cover and Vine Selection continued


DISEASEPROBLEMS

INSECTPROBLEMS

PRUNING METHOD ANDTIME

-LIFE SPAN SPECIAL

CONSIDERATIONS

OTHER COMMENTS

AjuqaBugleweed

easy by division crown rot fromovercrowding orpoor aeration

none serious division long can remove flower stalkswith a lawn mower set ata high setting

AmericanBittersweet

easy

,

none serious Euonymus scale.

.

heavy pruning required inlate winter or spring tokeep in bounds

long need male and female toflower and fruit; 1 maleper 6 female

Crown Vetch by seed; 1pound/1,000 sq.ft

none serious none serious mow to 6", 2-3 times ayear

legume-nitrogen fixer

Big leafwintercreeper

easy mildew in shady,calm locations

Euonymus scale,stem gall,nematodes

clip back as needed long easy to grow

English Ivy easy bacterial leaf spot spider mites trim back when necessaryand to enhance compactgrowth

long

CreepingJuniper

easy juniper blight spider mites trim back when necessary long

HallsHoneysuckle

easy none serious none serious cut back heavily to keepin bounds

long can be invasive; veryvigorous

must keep in bounds,use as either vine orground cover

Myrtle orPeriwinkle

easy none serious none serious shear annually to formdense growth

long roots develop at nodeswith contact with soil

60rJ


TABLE 15 - PERENNIAL SELECTION

Artemisia schmidtiana - silver mound

Asti lbe x ardendsii - false spirea astilbe

Aquilegia hybrids - columbine

Chrysanthemum x morifolium - garden mum

Coreopsis lanceolata - coreopsis

Hemerocallis hybrids - day lily

Heuchera sanquinea - coral bells

Hosta species - plantain lily or hosta

Liriope spicata - creeping lily turf

Phlox subulata - creeping phlox

61 H7

Table 15 - Perennial Selection

COMMONNAME

BOTANICAL NAME HEIGHT WIDTH FORM GROWTHRATE

HARDINESSZONE

USE IN LANDSCAPE COLOR(LEAF)

Silver Mound ArtemisiaSchmidtiana

4-6" 12"; space 8" apart round mound medium-slow

4 perennial border;specimen; rockgarden; border

silvery-white

False Spires'Asti lbe

Astilbe x ardendsil 4' 2'; space 2 apart erect medium-fast

5 border; wild gardens;water areas

green

Columbine Aquilegia hybrids 2-3' 1'; space 9" apart rounded erectstems

fast 4 naturalized settings;rock gardens; border

deep green

Garden Mum Chrysanthemum xmorifolium

1-3' 2 1/2'; space 12-18" apart

columnar toround mound

fast 5 border; massplantings; late flowerdisplay

green tograyish-green

Coreopsis Coreopsislanceolata

2' space 12" apart upright,sprawling

fast 3 front or middle ofborder

dark green

Day Lily Hemerocallishybrids

depends onvariety--20 to 3-4'

2'; space 18-36"apart

rounded upright medium 4 mass planting;border

bright green

Coral Bells Heucherasanguinea

flower stalk--2',10-12" tall

space 12" apart round clumpw/stalkedflowers

medium-slow

4 for small areas; anedging or openborder

dark, brightgreen

Plantain Lilyor Hosta

Hosta species 2 1/2' tall 40"; space 30-36"apart

rounded mound medium 3 border bluish-green

Creeping UlyTurf

Liriope spicata 8-12" tall: flowerscapes 10 tall

12" and spreading;space 12" apart

moundw/archingleaves

fast 4 ground cover;edging; rock garden

dark green;pale green inwinter

CreepingPhlox

Phlox subulata 3-6" 2'; space 12-18"apart

prostratemound; dense

fast 4 edging; walls; groundcover

bright green

S 62

Table 15 - Perennial Selection continued

FLOWERING COLOR; LENGTHOF BLOOM



LIGHTREQUIREMENTS


small, white, or yellow flowers;not showy

fine tolerates poor, sandy soil;well-drained

low; will rot in wetsoils

low full sun hot

red, pink, white, or lavenderspike-like flowers in June to July

medium well-drained, fertile, moist summer--dry; winterdry

medium-high;fertilize each spring

full sun or partialshade

to zone

red, pink, yellow, blue, white, orpurple flowers from May to June

medium-coarse

excellent drainage; sandy-loam soil

medium-high medium full sun; partial shadelengthens floweringseason

to zone

yellow, orange, red, bronze,white, or lavender flowers fromAugust to frost

medium-coarse

prefers well-drained, moistsoil; well-drained soilessential for winter survival

high heavy full sun to zone

bright yellow flowers from Juneto September

medium well-drained; ordinary gardensoil

medium medium full sun to zone

many colors; 3-4 weeks atdifferent times depending onvariety; some are repeatbloomers

fine well-dralned, high inorganicmatter, medium fertility moistsoil

medium medium prefer sun, but willgrown in partialshade

to zone

bell-shaped; red, coral, or pink1/2" wide flowers on 2 stalksfrom June to September

coarse well-drained, moist soil withhigh organic matter

medium-high low part shade is best keep out of hotafternoon sun

white to pale lilac flowers in July coarse well-drained , moist; high inorganic matter; no soggy soil

moist, not wet low-medium partial or deep shade to zone

1/4" wide, pale violet to whiteflowers on stalks; 8-10r; summer

fine well-drained, moist; fertiliesoil with organic matteradded

moist medium partial shade toshade

to zone

red-purple, violet-purple, pink,and white flowers from Marchthrough May

fine well-drained, gritty soils;alkalihe

low-medium medium-low sunny or partialshade

to zone

1 2 0.6 3

Table 15 - Perennial Selection continued

COMMONNAME

TRANSPLANT-ABILITY

DISEASE PROBLEMS INSECT PROBLEMS PRUNING METHOD ANDTIME

LIFE

SPANSPECIAL CONSID-ERATIONS

OTHERCOMMENTS

Silver Mound easy by rootdivision

rust none serious prun foliage beforeflowering to keep plantfrom falling open in themiddle

long does not tolerate muchwinter moisture becauseof silvery coating on theleaves

False SpireaAsti lbe

easy powdery mildew; wilt Japanese beetles;spider mites

divide every 3 years long

Columbine easy; divide inspring

leaf spot; crown rot; rootrot; rust

leaf miner; columbineborer; aphids

none required usuallyacts asannual

should be planted wherefading leaves car becamouflaged by otherfoliage

can be used as cutflowers

Garden Mum easy bacterial blight; leafspot; wilt; rust; powderymildew; aster yellows

aphids; stalk borers;leaf miner; spider mites

can prune back earlysummer to maintainheight; stop pinching inmid-summer or whenflowering begins

long shallow rooting Causesneed for regularwatering; apply a lightwinter mulch

can be used as cutflowers; manycultivars available

Coreopsis easy leaf spot, rust, powderymildew

chewing insects remove faded flowersbefore they seed

long not invasive like othervarieties

Day Uly easy none serious noi.e serious divide most vigorousvarieties every 3 years

long individual blossoms lastone day, but bloom overa long season

Coral Bells easy none serious none serious divide when woody;remove faded blooms

long drainage important inwinter

Plantain Ulyor Hosta

easy none serious snails, Mugs, and otherchewing insects

remove faded bloomingstalks

long divide clumps asneeded in spring or fall

wet soil in thewinter can damagethese plants

Creeping UlyTurf

easy none serious none serious can mow over the top inearly spring to removeold foliage; set mowerblade high

long foliage may beunattractive in winternorth of zone 6

remove old foliagein spring topromote newgrowth

CreepingPhlox

easy rust spider mites mow halfway to groundafter flowering to formdense plant

long evergreen

1 2 364


TABLE 16 - TURFGRASS SELECTION

Cynodon dactylon - Bermudagrass

Festuca arundinacea tall fescue

Festuca rubra - red fescue

Lolium perenne - perennial ryegrass

Poa pratensis - Kentucky bluegrass

Zoyzia japonica - zoysia grass

12565

Table 16 - Turfgrass Selection

COMMONNAME

BOTANICALNAME

HARDINESSZONE

SEASONWARM/COOL

ANNUAL/PERENNIAL

GROWTHHABIT

NATURALHEIGHT

MOWINGHEIGHT

SOILTOLERANCE

FERTILIZING

REQUIREMENTS

BermudaGrass

Cynodondactylon

7 warm perennial stolon, rhizome,creeping

12"

.----1-2" rich, moist,

pH 5.2-7.0medium

Tall Fescue Festucaarundlnacea

5.8 cool perennial bunch 24-36" 1 1/2-3" wide range, pH5.3-7.5

medium

Red Fescue Festuca rubra 3-6 cool perennial bunch ' 3/4-1 1/2" wide range;low pH

low

Perennial RyeGrass

Lolium perenne 3-7 coal perennial bunch 12-24" 1 1/2-2 1/2" wide range medium-low

KentuckyBluegrass

Poa pratensis 3-7 cool perennial rhizome,creeping

12-24" 3/4-1 1/2" fertile loam,pH 6.0-7.5

medium

Zoysia Grass Zoysia japonica 6 warm perennial stolon, rhizome,creeping

12" 1/2-1" well-drained,pH 5.5-7.0

medium

66 1. 0 "&,.. i

Table 16 - Turfgrass Selection continued

FERTILIZING TIME MOISTUREREQUIREMENTS

LIGHTREQUIREMENTS

HOWESTABLISHED

ESTABLISH-MENT TIME

RATE OF SEEDING(#/1,000 SO. FT.)

RATE OFPLUGGING

WHEN TOESTABLISH

3-4 x/year good droughttolerance

full sun seed or plug rapid 2-3

_

6-12 apart early summer

I

late fall, earlyspring

excellent droughttolerance

sunny; somewhateshade tolerant

seed rapid 4-8 (K-31)10-12 (Turf-type)

not applicable early fall

late fall, earlyspring

1-

good droughttolerance

sun or shade seed moderate 3-5 not applicable early fall, earlyspring

early fall, earlyspring

not very droughttolerant

sunny; not veryshade tolerant

seed rapid 4-6 not applicable early fall

early spring, earlysummer, early fall

not drought tolerant sun in north; shadein south

seed rapid 2-4 nnt applicable early fall, earlyspring

early spring, mid.summer, early fall

excellent droughttolerance

sun to part shade stolon slow, 6-9 months usually vegetativelypropagated

6" apart May

671 2

Table 16 - Turfgrass Selection continued

COMMONNAME

TEMPERATURETOLERANCE

DISEASE PROBLEMS INSECT PROBLEMS USE TEXTURE COLOR OTHERCOMMENTS

Bermuda Grass high heat dead spot; brown patch;dollar spot

none importarn parks; footballfields; homes

fine dark blue-green salt tolerant;goes dormant

Tall Fescue heat tolerant leaf spot; brown patch;resistant to most diseasesexcept snow mold

not many unless heavypopulations; army worm;grubs; sod-webworm

utilit .; roadways,athletic fields,eroslon prevention

coar medium green

Red Fescue not heat tolerant fungus none important lawns fine dark green1

don't over feedPerennial RyeGrass

not heat tolerant leaf spot rust any worms; sod-webworms

lawns; high trafficareas

medium tocoarse

,

bright green sheaths havepinkish color

Kentucky BlueGrass

130°F moderately resistant tomost cool seasondiseases

grubs; cinch bugs; sod-webworms; cut worms;army worms

sunny lawns;1 athletic fields;I parks

medium blue-green resistant to leafspot

Zwesla Grass high heat nematodes; brown patch;dollar spot; Pythium

mole crickets; sod-webworms; Billbugs;grubs; army worms; mites;scales

c )1f course sandtraps; lawns

medium medium green low maintenance;grows above60°F

130611

131

REFERENCES

All About Annuals. San Francisco, CA: Ortho Books (ChevronChemical Co.), 1981.

Burke, Ken, ed. All About Ground Covers. San Francisco, CA: OrthoBooks (Chevron Chemical Co.), 1982.

Daniel, W. H.; R. P. Freeborg; Turf Manager's Handbook. Cleveland,OH: Harvest Publishing, Co., 1979.

Diecker, William W. Grasses and Grasslike Plants of Cultivated Fields,and Pastures in Mi ri: Identification by Vegetative Characteristics.(M118). University of Missouri-Columbia: University Extension, 1980.

Dirr, Michael. All About Evergreens. San Francisco, CA: Ortho Books(Chevron Chemical Co.), 1984.

Dirr, Michael A. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. 2nd ed.Champaign II: Stipes Publishing Co., 1977.

Ferguson, Barbara, ed. All About Trees. San Francisco, CA: OrthoBooks (Chevron Chemical Co.), 1982.

Howland, Joseph E. How to Select and Care for Shrubs and Hedges.San Francisco, CA: Ortho Books (Chevron Chemical Co.), 1981.

Ingels, Jack E. Landscaping. 3rd ed. Albany, NY: Delmar PublishingInc., 1988.

Ingels, Jack E. Ornamental Horticulture Principles and Practices.Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers, 1985.

Kucera, Clair K. The Grasses of Missouri. University of Missouri-Columbia: University Extension, 1961.

132 69

Little, Elbert Luther. The Audobon Society Field Guide to NorthAmerican Trees. New York, NY: Random House, Inc., 1980.

MacCaskey, Michael. All About Lawns. San Francisco, CA: OrthoBooks (Chevron Chemical Co.), 1985.

Martin Jr., Edward C. Landscape Plants in Design. Westport, CT:AVI Publishing Co., Inc., 1983.

Reiley, H. Edward; Carroll L. Shry, Jr. Introductory Horticulture. 3rd.ed. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers, Inc., 1988.

Residential Landscape Desian. Manhattan, KS: Cooperative ExtensionService, Kansas State University.

Scotts Professional Turf Manual. Marysville, OH: ProTurf Division, TheO.M. Scott and Sons, Inc., 1981.

Sinnes, Cort A. All About Perennials. San Francisco, CA: OrthoBooks (Chevron Chemical Co.), 1981.

Sinnes, Cort A. How to Select and Care for Shrubs and Hedges. SanFrancisco, Ortho Books (Chevron Chemical Co.), 1980.

Still, Steven. Herbaceous Ornamental Plants. Champaign, IL: StipesPublishing Co., 1980.

Sunset. Lawns and 5round Covers. Menlo Park, CA: Lane PublisNngCo., 1984.

Turgeon, A. J. Turfgrass Management. Reston, VA: RestonPublishing Co., Inc., 1980.

Whitcomb, Carl E. Know It and Grow It. 2nd. ed. Stillwater, OK:Lacebark Publicatiuns, 1985.

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