document resume - eric · document resume. ed 427 369 cs 510 003. author whitney, shawnlee a., ed....
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DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 427 369 CS 510 003
AUTHOR Whitney, Shawnlee A., Ed.TITLE National Developmental Conference on Individual Events
Addressing Individual Events, NFA Lincoln-Douglas Debate,and NPDA Parliamentary Debate Conference Proceedings (3rd,Houston, Texas, August 13-16, 1997).
PUB DATE 1997-00-00NOTE 224p.PUB TYPE Collected Works - Proceedings (021)EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS *Debate; *Debate Format; Higher Education; Oral
Interpretation; Persuasive DiscourseIDENTIFIERS *Debate Coaches; *Debate Tournaments; Individual Events
(Forensics); National Parliamentary Debate Association
ABSTRACTThis proceedings presents 19 papers delivered a National
Developmental Conference on Individual Events, addressing individual events,Lincoln-Douglas debate, and parliamentary debate. After presenting theconference schedule, the list of attendees, and resolutions, papers in theproceedings are: "The Ghostwriter, The Laissez-Faire Coach, and the ForensicProfessional: Negotiating the Overcoaching vs. Undercoaching Dilemma inOriginal Contest Speeches" (James J. Kimble); "Professionalism and Forensics:A Matter of Choice" (Larry Schnoor and Bryant K. Alexander); "Creating Spacefor the Physically Challenged Competitor in Individual Events" (David L.Kosloski); "Creating an Individual Events Judging Philosophy" (JeffPrzybylo); "Challenging the Conventions of Oral Interpretation" (Chris S.Aspdal); "Returning to Our Roots: A New Direction for Oral Interpretation"(Trischa Knapp); "Developing Functional Standards as a means to GreaterAccessibility in NFA-LD" (John M. Devine); "Maintaining the Status Quo:Recommendations for Preserving Public Argument in Parliamentary Debate"(Steven L. Johnson); "Forensics Fellows: Integrating Faculty Participationinto Intercollegiate Parliamentary Debate Programs" (Lewis E. Rutledge);"Presumption in Parliamentary Debate: Examining Whately's Ideas and TheirApplication to an Emerging and Evolving Debate Style" (Tammy Duvanel Unruh);"Forensics Education and Tournament Management" (Joel Hefling); "EqualOpportunity?: The Impact of Specialized Tournaments on Forensics Pedagogy,Forensics Professionals, and the Forensic Laboratory" (Scott Jensen); "JudgeAgreement and Student Rotation: A Real-Life Study of the 1990 DSR-TKANational Forensics Tournament" (Vicki L. Karns); "AFA-NIET: The Culture ofQualifying and Its Effects on Forensics" (Daniel A. West); "Teaching andCoaching Individuals: The Use of Learning Styles in Forensics Coaching"(Thomas Bartl); "Solving for a Healthy Future: Creating National Standardsfor Training Future Directors of Forensics" (Thomas A. Workman); "NewDirections for Public Speaking: The Perfect Pendulum Swings" (M'Liss S.Hindman); "Fisher's Narrative Paradigm Theory: A Model for DifferentiatingAfter Dinner Speaking from Informative and Persuasive Speaking" (C. ThomasPreston, Jr.); and "If It's Problem-Cause-Solution This Must Be PersuasiveSpeaking: Are We Short-changing the Art of Persuasion?" (Shawnalee A.Whitney) . (RS)
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IVID
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AS
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RT
ME
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ED
UC
AT
ION
Offi
ce o
f Edu
catio
nal R
esea
rch
and
Impr
ovem
ent
ED
UC
AT
ION
AL
RE
SO
UR
CE
S IN
FO
RM
AT
ION
CE
NT
ER
(E
RIC
)9I
( T
his
docu
men
t has
bee
nre
prod
uced
as
rece
ived
from
the
pers
on o
r or
gani
zatio
nor
igin
atin
g it.
CI M
inor
cha
nges
hav
e be
en m
ade
toIm
prov
e re
prod
uctio
n qu
ality
.
Poi
nts
of v
iew
or
opin
ions
sta
ted
in th
isdo
cum
ent d
o no
t nec
essa
rily
repr
esen
tof
ficia
l OE
RI p
ositi
on o
r po
licy.
Ric
eU
nive
rsity
, Hou
ston
, Tex
asA
ugus
t 13-
16, 1
997
Coo
rdin
ated
& C
o-H
oste
dby
Dan
iel A
. Wes
t, R
ice
Uni
vers
ityM
'Lis
s H
indm
an, T
yler
Jun
ior
Col
lege
Con
fere
nce
Proc
eedi
ngs
Com
pile
d an
d E
dite
dby
Shaw
nale
e A
. Whi
tney
,U
nive
rsity
:of
Ala
ska
Anc
hora
ge
1
PE
RM
ISS
ION
TO
RE
PR
OD
UC
E A
ND
DIS
SE
MIN
AT
E T
i lIS
MA
TE
RIA
L H
AS
BE
EN
GR
AN
TE
D B
Y
TO
TH
E E
DU
CA
TIO
NA
L R
ES
OU
RC
ES
INF
OR
MA
TIO
N C
EN
TE
R (
ER
IC)
-
Edi
tor's
Not
es
Nat
iona
l dev
elop
men
tal c
onfe
renc
es li
ke th
e on
e in
Hou
ston
hav
e be
en a
nim
port
ant t
ouch
ston
e fo
r th
e fo
rens
ics
com
mun
ity f
or m
any
year
s.T
hey
serv
e as
a ti
me
to r
egro
up, t
o re
flec
t, an
d pl
an f
or o
ur f
utur
e. W
e ca
n se
eth
e in
flue
nce
of id
eas
addr
esse
d at
dev
elop
men
tal c
onfe
renc
es w
hen
we
atte
nd to
urna
men
ts th
roug
hout
the
coun
try.
In a
dditi
on, I
hav
e he
ard
colle
ague
s re
mar
k th
at a
ttend
ing
a de
velo
pmen
tal c
onfe
renc
e ea
rly
in th
eir
care
ers
shap
ed th
eir
fore
nsic
s pe
dago
gy in
ver
y si
gnif
ican
t and
long
-la
stin
g w
ays.
It s
eem
ed a
ppro
pria
te th
en, t
hat w
e em
brac
ed th
e th
eme
ofPr
ofes
sion
alis
m a
nd F
oren
sics
with
the
1997
con
fere
nce
as w
e to
ok a
look
at w
here
we
have
bee
n an
d w
here
we
are
goin
g.
Whi
le th
e pu
rpos
e of
this
con
fere
nce
was
to f
ocus
on
indi
vidu
al e
vent
s,N
FA-L
D d
ebat
e an
d N
PDA
-sty
le p
arlia
men
tary
deb
ate,
thos
e w
hoat
tend
ed th
e 19
97 c
onfe
renc
e re
pres
ente
d a
broa
d ra
nge
of in
terc
olle
giat
efo
rens
ic o
rgan
izat
ions
.Pr
esen
ters
and
atte
ndee
s w
ere
affi
liate
d w
ith P
hiR
ho P
i, PK
D, D
SR-T
KA
, the
AFA
-NIE
T, N
FA, N
PDA
, and
eve
nC
ED
A/N
DT
.U
nder
grad
uate
s, g
radu
ate
stud
ents
, new
coa
ches
, and
vete
ran
fore
nsic
edu
cato
rs a
ttend
ed th
e co
nfer
ence
. Not
sur
pris
ingl
y, th
ere
solu
tions
and
pap
ers
incl
uded
in th
is p
acke
t of
conf
eren
ce p
roce
edin
gsad
dres
s a
broa
d ra
nge
of is
sues
and
inte
rest
s re
flec
tive
of th
e br
oad
rang
eof
peo
ple
who
wer
e pr
esen
t in
Hou
ston
.
The
tabl
e of
con
tent
s in
clud
es a
com
plet
e lis
ting
of th
e pa
pers
and
pres
ente
rs w
ho w
ere
acce
pted
for
the
conf
eren
ce. P
aper
s no
t inc
lude
d in
this
pac
ket a
re in
dica
ted
with
an
aste
risk
.T
he m
ater
ials
incl
uded
in th
ispa
cket
are
as
com
plet
e as
pos
sibl
e.Pe
ople
who
wer
e lis
ted
in th
eco
nfer
ence
pro
gram
but
did
not
atte
nd o
r pr
esen
t pap
ers
wer
e co
ntac
ted
prio
r to
the
publ
icat
ion
of th
ese
proc
eedi
ngs
to v
erif
y th
at th
ey d
id n
otat
tend
and
/or
to c
heck
on
the
stat
us o
f th
eir
pape
rs. I
n sh
ort,
I ha
ve d
one
ever
ythi
ng p
ossi
ble
to e
nsur
e th
at th
ose
pape
rs n
ot in
clud
ed in
this
pac
ket
wer
e le
ft o
ut a
t the
aut
hor's
req
uest
or
beca
use
they
did
not
atte
nd th
eco
nfer
ence
.
I w
ant t
o ec
ho th
e se
ntim
ents
of
the
conf
eren
ce a
ttend
ees
in th
anki
ng D
anW
est,
M'L
iss
Hin
dman
, and
the
Ric
e U
nive
rsity
Spe
ech
and
Deb
ate
Tea
mfo
r th
eir
effo
rts
in c
oord
inat
ing
and
host
ing
the
1997
dev
elop
men
tal
conf
eren
ce. L
ike
man
y of
us
in th
e fo
rens
ics
com
mun
ity, D
an a
nd M
'Lis
sfe
lt th
at f
ar to
o m
any
year
s ha
d pa
ssed
sin
ce th
e la
st d
evel
opm
enta
lco
nfer
ence
on
indi
vidu
al e
vent
s in
Den
ver
in 1
990.
I ap
prec
iate
the
fact
that
they
took
the
prov
erbi
al b
ull b
y th
e ho
rns
and
invi
ted
us to
Hou
ston
.
I am
gra
tefu
l for
the
pers
onal
and
pro
fess
iona
l sup
port
I h
ave
rece
ived
from
man
y co
lleag
ues
in th
e fo
rens
ics
com
mun
ity w
hile
I h
ave
wor
ked
onth
is d
ocum
ent.
Edi
ting
this
com
pila
tion
was
not
an
easy
task
and
you
rki
nd w
ords
at t
ourn
amen
ts a
nd th
ough
tful
not
es th
roug
h em
ail h
ave
been
very
hel
pful
. Fin
ally
, I a
m a
ppre
ciat
ive
of th
e su
ppor
t I r
ecei
ved
from
my
colle
ague
s in
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f C
omm
unic
atio
n at
the
Uni
vers
ity o
fA
lask
a A
ncho
rage
.T
he D
epar
tmen
t Sec
reta
ry, C
hris
tine
Sim
onka
, was
alw
ays
good
-nat
ured
abo
ut le
tting
me
use
her
com
pute
r an
d sh
e pr
ovid
edhe
lpfu
l inf
orm
atio
n th
roug
hout
the
proc
ess.
In
addi
tion,
I w
ant t
o m
entio
nth
e ef
fort
s of
my
edito
rial
ass
ista
nt, L
aure
C. M
ac C
onne
ll, a
mem
ber
ofU
AA
's S
eaw
olf
Spee
ch a
nd D
ebat
e T
eam
. I a
m in
debt
ed to
her
for
the
sign
ific
ant t
ime
and
effo
rt s
he p
ut f
orth
in h
elpi
ng m
e w
ith th
ese
proc
eedi
ngs.
Shaw
nale
e A
. Whi
tney
Con
fere
nce
Proc
eedi
ngs
Edi
tor
Co-
Dir
ecto
r of
For
ensi
csU
nive
rsity
of
Ala
ska
Anc
hora
ge.
Mar
ch 9
, 199
8
5
-
TA
BL
E O
F C
ON
TE
NT
S
1.
.. C
onfe
renc
eSc
hedu
le
2 .
..
Lis
t of
Atte
ndee
s
3 .
.. R
esol
utio
ns
PAPE
RS
FRO
M T
HE
KE
YN
OT
E S
ESS
ION
7.
..Ja
mes
J. K
imbl
e, G
eorg
e M
ason
Uni
vers
ityT
he G
host
wri
ter,
The
Lai
ssez
-Fai
re C
oach
, and
the
Fore
nsic
Prof
essi
onal
: Neg
otia
ting
the
Ove
rcoa
chin
g vs
. Und
erco
achi
ngD
ilem
ma
in O
rigi
nal C
onte
st S
peec
hes
14 .
.. L
arry
Schn
oor,
St.
Ola
f C
olle
ge &
Bry
ant K
. Ale
xand
er, S
outh
ern
Illin
ois
Uni
vers
ityPr
ofes
sion
alis
m a
nd F
oren
sics
: A M
atte
r of
Cho
ice
NE
W D
IRE
CT
ION
S FO
R E
VA
LU
AT
ION
& J
UD
GIN
G
18 .
..
Dav
id L
. Kos
losk
i, H
astin
gs C
olle
geC
reat
ing
Spac
e fo
r th
e Ph
ysic
ally
Cha
lleng
ed C
ompe
titor
in I
ndiv
idua
lE
vent
s
20 .
..Je
ff P
rzyb
ylo,
Har
per
Col
lege
Cre
atin
g an
Ind
ivid
ual E
vent
s Ju
dgin
g Ph
iloso
phy
NE
W D
IRE
CT
ION
S FO
R O
RA
L I
NT
ER
PRE
TA
TIO
N
24 .
..
Chr
is S
. Asp
dal
Cha
lleng
ing
the
Con
vent
ions
or
Ora
l Int
erpr
etat
ion
29.
..T
risc
ha K
napp
Ret
urni
ng to
our
Roo
ts: A
New
Dir
ectio
n fo
r O
ral I
nter
pret
atio
n
NE
W D
IRE
CT
ION
S FO
R N
PDA
& N
FA L
D
35 .
Jolm
M. D
evin
e, U
nive
rsity
of
Rho
de I
slan
dD
evel
opin
g Fu
nctio
nal S
tand
ards
as
a m
eans
to G
reat
er A
cces
sibi
lity
in N
FA-L
D
39 .
Stev
en L
. Joh
nson
, Uni
vers
ity o
f A
lask
a A
ncho
rage
Mai
ntai
ning
the
Stat
us Q
uo: R
ecom
men
datio
ns f
or P
rese
rvin
g Pu
blic
Arg
umen
t in
Parl
iam
enta
ry D
ebat
e
43 .
Lew
is E
. Rut
ledg
e, P
t. L
oma
Naz
aren
e C
olle
geFo
rens
ics
Fello
ws:
Int
egra
ting
Facu
lty P
artic
ipat
ion
into
Inte
rcol
legi
ate
Parl
iam
enta
ry D
ebat
e Pr
ogra
ms
56 .
Tam
my
Duv
anel
Unr
uh, B
ethe
l Col
lege
(K
S)Pr
esum
ptio
n in
Par
liam
enta
ry D
ebat
e: E
xam
inin
g W
hate
ly's
Ide
as a
ndth
eir
App
licat
ion
to a
n E
mer
ging
and
Evo
lvin
g D
ebat
e St
yle
TO
UR
NA
ME
NT
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
61 .
.. J
oel H
eflin
g, S
outh
Dak
ota
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
Fore
nsic
s E
duca
tion
and
Tou
rnam
ent M
anag
emen
t
66 .
.Sc
ott J
ense
n, W
ebst
er U
nive
rsity
Equ
al O
ppor
tuni
ty?:
The
Im
pact
of
Spec
ializ
ed T
ourn
amen
ts o
nFo
rens
ics
Peda
gogy
, For
ensi
cs P
rofe
ssio
nals
, and
the
Fore
nsic
Lab
orat
ory
73 .
.V
icki
L. K
arns
, Suf
folk
Uni
vers
ityJu
dge
Agr
eem
ent a
nd S
tude
nt R
otat
ion:
A R
eal-
Lif
e St
udy
of th
e 19
90D
SR-T
KA
Nat
iona
l For
ensi
cs T
ourn
amen
t
79.
.D
anie
l A. W
est,
Ric
e U
nive
rsity
AFA
-NIE
T: T
he C
ultu
re o
f Q
ualif
ying
and
Its
Eff
ects
on
Fore
nsic
s
-
TR
AIN
ING
OF
CO
AC
HE
S A
ND
JU
DG
ES
81 .
.. T
hom
as B
artl,
Sout
hwes
t Sta
te U
nive
rsity
Tea
chin
g an
d C
oach
ing
Indi
vidu
als:
The
Use
of
Lea
rnin
g St
yles
inFo
rens
ics
Coa
chin
g
83 .
..T
hom
as A
. Wor
kman
, Uni
vers
ity o
f N
ebra
ska
Lin
coln
Solv
ing
for
a H
ealth
y Fu
ture
: Cre
atin
g N
atio
nal S
tand
ards
for
Tra
inin
gFu
ture
Dir
ecto
rs o
f Fo
rens
ics
NE
W D
IRE
CT
ION
S FO
R P
UB
LIC
SPE
AK
ING
87.
..
M'L
iss
S. H
indm
anN
ew D
irec
tions
for
Pub
lic S
peak
ing:
The
Per
fect
Pen
dulu
m S
win
gs
91 .
.. C
.T
hom
as P
rest
on, J
r.Fi
sher
's N
arra
tive
Para
digm
The
ory:
A M
odel
for
Dif
fere
ntia
ting
Aft
erD
inne
r Sp
eaki
ng f
rom
Inf
orm
ativ
e an
d Pe
rsua
sive
Spe
akin
g
100.
.. S
haw
nale
eA
. Whi
tney
If I
t's P
robl
em-C
ause
-Sol
utio
n T
his
Mus
t Be
Pers
uasi
ve S
peak
ing:
Are
We
Shor
t-ch
angi
ng th
e A
rt o
f Pe
rsua
sion
?
8
-
CO
NFE
RE
NC
E S
CH
ED
UL
E(N
ote:
Thi
s sc
hedu
le in
clud
es a
ll pa
pers
& p
rese
nter
s ac
cept
ed f
or th
e co
nfer
ence
.)
Wed
nesd
ay. A
ugus
t 13.
199
7
8:00
-9:0
0pm
Reg
istr
atio
n fo
r Pr
e-C
onfe
renc
e Sh
ort C
ours
es
Thu
rsda
y. A
ugus
t 14.
199
7
8:00
-8:2
0am
8:30
-11:
30am
11:3
0am
1:00
-4:0
0pm
4:00
pm
4:00
-6:0
0pm
5:00
-7:0
0pm
7:00
pm
Frid
ay. A
ugus
t 15,
8:00
-8:2
0am
8:30
am
9:00
am
1997
Shut
tles
depa
rt f
or R
ice
Uni
vers
ity c
ampu
s
Shor
t Cou
rse
I: P
rofe
ssio
nalis
m &
For
ensi
csPe
ter
Pobe
r, U
nive
rsity
of
Tex
as
Lun
ch &
Dis
cuss
ion
Shor
t Cou
rse
II: C
reat
ing
a Ju
dgin
gPh
iloso
phy
of I
ndiv
idua
l Eve
nts
Jeff
Prz
ybyl
o, H
arpe
r C
olle
ge
Shut
tles
retu
rn to
Hol
iday
Inn
Con
fere
nce
Reg
istr
atio
n -
Hol
iday
Inn
Rec
eptio
n/So
cial
Hou
r -
Hol
iday
Inn
Shut
tles
depa
rt f
or N
infa
's R
esta
uran
t (ba
nque
t)
Shut
tles
depa
rt f
or R
ice
Uni
vers
ity c
ampu
s
Con
tinen
tal B
reak
fast
SESS
ION
I
Stan
dard
s fo
r E
valu
atio
n an
d Ju
dgin
gD
avid
Kos
losk
i, H
astin
gs C
olle
geJe
ff P
rzyb
ylo,
Har
per
Col
lege
New
Dir
ectio
ns f
or O
ral I
nter
pret
atio
nC
hris
Asp
dal,
Uni
vers
ity o
f H
oust
onT
risc
ha K
napp
, Ore
gon
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
New
Dir
ectio
ns f
or N
PDA
& N
FA L
DJo
hn D
evin
e, S
uffo
lk U
nive
rsity
Judi
th B
owke
r, O
rego
n St
ate
Uni
vers
ity&
Rob
ert T
rapp
, Will
amet
te U
nive
rsity
Stev
en J
ohns
on, U
nive
rsity
of
Ala
ska,
Anc
hora
geL
ewis
Rut
ledg
e, P
t. L
oma
Naz
aren
e C
olle
geT
amm
y U
nruh
, Bet
hel C
olle
ge
12:1
5pm
2:00
pm
Lun
ch a
nd D
iscu
ssio
n
SESS
ION
ll
Tou
rnam
ent M
anag
emen
tJo
el H
eflin
g, S
outh
Dak
ota
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
Vic
ki K
arns
, Suf
folk
Uni
vers
itySc
ott J
ense
n, W
ebst
er U
nive
rsity
Dan
Wes
t, R
ice
Uni
vers
ity
Tra
inin
g of
Coa
ches
and
Jud
ges
Tho
mas
Bar
d, S
outh
wes
t Sta
te U
nive
rsity
Bob
Gre
enst
reet
, Eas
t Cen
tral
Uni
vers
ityT
om W
orkm
an, U
nive
rsity
of
Neb
rask
a, L
inco
ln
New
Dir
ectio
ns f
or P
ublic
Spe
akin
gM
'Lis
s H
indm
an, T
yler
Jun
ior
Col
lege
Tom
Pre
ston
, Uni
v. o
f M
isso
uri S
t. L
ouis
Shaw
nale
e W
hitn
ey, U
niv.
of
Ala
ska
Anc
hora
ge
5:15
pmSh
uttle
s re
turn
to H
olid
ay I
nn
Satu
rday
. Aug
ust 1
6. 1
997
8:00
-8:2
0am
Shut
tles
depa
rt f
or R
ice
Uni
vers
ity c
ampu
s
8:30
amC
ontin
enta
l Bre
akfa
st
9:00
amK
EY
NO
TE
SE
SSIO
NJi
m K
imbl
e, G
eoge
Mas
on U
nive
rsity
Pete
r Po
ber,
Uni
vers
ity o
f T
exas
Lar
ry S
chno
or, S
t. O
laf
Col
lege
& B
ryan
t Ale
xand
er, S
outh
ern
Illin
ois
Uni
vers
ity
11:3
0am
Lun
ch a
nd D
iscu
ssio
n
1:30
pmSE
SSIO
N S
UM
MA
RIE
S/L
EG
ISL
AT
IVE
FO
RU
MPr
ogra
m C
hair
s pr
esen
t sum
mar
ies
of th
eir
sess
ions
follo
wed
by
open
dis
cuss
ion
and
deve
lopm
ent o
fco
nfer
ence
rec
omm
enda
tions
/res
olut
ions
.
5:00
pmSh
uttle
s re
turn
to H
olid
ay I
nn
01
11
-
CO
NFE
RE
NC
E A
TT
EN
DE
ES
Mr.
Chr
is A
spda
lPr
of. J
oel H
eflin
gPr
of. D
avid
Kos
losk
iD
r. D
avid
J. R
obin
son
Uni
vers
ity o
f H
oust
onSo
uth
Dak
ota
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
Has
tings
Col
lege
You
ngst
own
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
Hou
ston
, TX
Bro
okin
gs, S
DH
astin
gs, N
EY
oung
stow
n, O
H
Prof
. Tho
mas
Bar
tlPr
of. M
'Lis
s H
indm
anM
r. M
ike
Lar
son
Prof
. Lew
is E
. "Sk
ip"
Rut
ledg
eSo
uthw
est S
tate
Uni
vers
ityT
yler
Jun
ior
Col
lege
Sout
h D
akot
a St
ate
Uni
vers
ityPt
. Lom
a N
azar
ene
Col
lege
Mar
shal
l, M
NT
yler
, TX
Bro
okin
gs, S
DSa
n D
iego
, CA
Mr.
Am
ir B
row
nPr
of. L
isa
His
chke
Ms.
Jod
i Maf
fiol
iPr
of. L
arry
Sch
noor
Ric
e U
nive
rsity
San
Jaci
nto
Cen
tral
Col
lege
Suff
olk
Uni
vers
itySt
. Ola
f C
olle
geH
oust
on, T
XH
oust
on, T
XB
osto
n, M
AN
orth
fiel
d, M
N
Prof
. Nat
alie
Bry
ant
Ms.
Gin
a Je
nsen
Ms.
Cou
rtne
y M
assi
ngill
Prof
. Ann
Scr
oggi
eSo
uth
Plai
ns C
olle
geW
ebst
er U
nive
rsity
San
Jaci
nto
Cen
tral
Col
lege
Sant
e Fe
Com
mun
ity C
olle
geL
evel
land
, TX
St. L
ouis
, MO
Hou
ston
, TX
Gai
nesv
ille,
FL
Mr.
Jas
on C
ryer
Prof
. Sco
tt Je
nsen
Ms.
Lau
ren
McG
arity
Dr.
Rob
ert T
rapp
Uni
vers
ity o
f H
oust
onW
ebst
er U
nive
rsity
Ric
e U
nive
rsity
Will
amet
te U
nive
rsity
Hou
ston
, TX
St. L
ouis
, MO
Hou
ston
, TX
Sale
m, O
R
Mr.
Gre
g C
unni
ngha
mPr
of. S
teve
n L
. Joh
nson
Mr.
Joh
n N
ash
Prof
. Tam
my
Unr
uhSu
ffol
k U
nive
rsity
Uni
v. o
f A
lask
a, A
ncho
rage
Kan
sas
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
Bet
hel C
olle
geB
osto
n, M
AA
ncho
rage
, AK
Man
hatta
n, K
SN
orth
New
ton,
KS
Prof
. Joh
n D
evin
ePr
of. M
ike
Jone
sD
r. G
reg
Phel
psPr
of. D
anie
l Wes
tU
nive
rsity
of
Rho
de I
slan
dL
ee C
olle
geU
nive
rsity
of
St. T
hom
asR
ice
Uni
vers
ityK
ings
ton,
RI
Bay
tow
n, T
XH
oust
on, T
XH
oust
on, T
X
Dr.
Sus
an R
eddi
ng E
mel
Dr.
Vic
ki K
arns
Dr.
Pet
er P
ober
Prof
. Sha
wna
lee
Whi
tney
Bak
er U
nive
rsity
Suff
olk
Uni
vers
ityU
nive
rsity
of
Tex
asU
niv.
of
Ala
ska,
Anc
hora
geB
aldw
in C
ity, K
SB
osto
n, M
AA
ustin
, TX
Anc
hora
ge, A
K
Mr.
Dav
e G
alla
ntPr
of. J
im K
imbl
eD
r. C
. Tho
mas
Pre
ston
Prof
. Tho
mas
Wor
kman
Suff
olk
Uni
veri
sty
Geo
rge
Mas
on U
nive
rsity
Uni
v. o
f M
isso
uri
St. L
ouis
Uni
vers
ity o
f N
ebra
ska
Bos
ton,
MA
Fair
fax,
VA
St. L
ouis
, MO
Lin
coln
, NE
Prof
. Kon
rad
W. H
ack
Dr.
Tri
scha
Kna
ppPr
of. J
eff
Przy
bylo
Prof
. Guy
Yat
esPt
. Lom
a N
azar
ene
Col
lege
Ore
gon
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
Will
iam
Rai
ney
Har
per
Col
lege
Wes
t Tex
as A
&M
Uni
vers
itySa
n D
iego
, CA
Cor
valli
s, O
RPa
latin
e, I
LC
anyo
n, T
X
12
2
-
RE
SOL
UT
ION
S FR
OM
TH
ET
HIR
D N
AT
ION
AL
DE
VE
LO
PME
NT
AL
CO
NFE
RE
NC
EO
N I
ND
IVID
UA
L E
VE
NT
S(a
ddre
ssin
g In
divi
dual
Eve
nts,
NFA
-LD
, & N
PDA
Par
liam
enta
ry D
ebat
e)
Aug
ust 1
3-16
, 199
7, R
ice
Uni
vers
ity, H
oust
on, T
X
ED
ITO
R'S
NO
TE
S: E
ach
new
res
olut
ion
is in
dica
ted
with
a S
. Titl
es o
fpa
nels
or
sess
ions
that
dev
elop
ed r
esol
utio
ns a
re in
dica
ted.
Mos
tre
solu
tions
wer
e de
velo
ped
in p
anel
s an
d w
ere
brou
ght t
o th
e le
gisl
ativ
ese
ssio
n fo
r ap
prov
al o
r re
ject
ion
by th
e en
tire
grou
p.R
esol
utio
ns th
atw
ere
deve
lope
d by
the
entir
e gr
oup
in th
e K
eyno
te a
nd L
egis
lativ
eSe
ssio
ns a
re g
roup
ed to
geth
er. A
ll re
solu
tions
app
eari
ng in
this
doc
umen
tw
ere
endo
rsed
by
a vo
te o
f th
ose
atte
ndin
g th
e co
nfer
ence
.R
esol
utio
nsfr
om th
e K
eyno
te a
nd L
egis
lativ
eSe
ssio
nsar
elis
ted
firs
t.O
ther
reso
lutio
ns a
re li
sted
in th
e or
der
in w
hich
the
corr
espo
ndin
g pa
nels
appe
ared
in th
e co
nfer
ence
sch
edul
e.T
hese
res
olut
ions
wer
e se
nt to
offi
cers
of
the
vari
ous
natio
nal o
rgan
izat
ions
and
the
Cou
ncil
of F
oren
sics
Org
aniz
atio
ns in
Sep
tem
ber
1997
so
the
orga
niza
tions
cou
ld in
clud
e th
emin
dis
cuss
ion
at th
e va
riou
s fa
ll m
eetin
gs h
eld
duri
ng th
e an
nual
Nat
iona
lC
omm
unic
atio
n A
ssoc
iatio
n co
nven
tion.
RE
SOL
UT
ION
S FR
014
TH
E K
EyN
OT
E a
nti L
EG
ISL
A T
IVE
SE
SSIO
NS
The
con
fere
nce
part
icip
ants
for
mal
ly th
ank
M'L
iss
Hin
dman
(T
yler
Juni
or C
olle
ge),
Dan
Wes
t (R
ice
Uni
vers
ity),
mem
bers
of
the
Ric
eU
nive
rsity
For
ensi
cs S
quad
(L
aure
n M
cGar
ity, A
mir
Bro
wn,
and
Jas
onW
elch
), a
nd th
e R
ice
Uni
vers
ity s
taff
for
thei
r w
ork
in o
rgan
izin
g an
dho
stin
g th
e T
hird
Nat
iona
l Dev
elop
men
tal C
onfe
renc
e on
Ind
ivid
ual
Eve
nts.
The
par
ticip
ants
als
o th
ank
Shaw
nale
e W
hitn
ey (
Uni
vers
ity o
fA
lask
a A
ncho
rage
) fo
r he
r w
ork
in e
ditin
g th
e co
nfer
ence
pro
ceed
ings
.T
heir
eff
orts
hav
e pr
ovid
ed a
for
um f
or f
oren
sic
educ
ator
s to
exp
lore
and
deve
lop
rese
arch
and
res
ourc
esto
pro
mot
e pr
ofes
sion
alis
min
our
disc
iplin
e. 14
RE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE3
Whi
le c
ompe
titio
n an
d ed
ucat
ion
are
com
patib
le, w
e be
lieve
that
com
petit
ive
ends
that
are
exc
lusi
ve o
f pe
dago
gica
l end
s ar
e no
t con
duci
veto
for
ensi
cs p
rofe
ssio
nalis
m.
We
belie
ve th
at ju
dges
sho
uld
refr
ain
from
par
adig
ms
that
inco
rpor
ate
sexi
st,
bias
ed,
or p
reju
dici
alat
titud
es a
nd s
houl
d ex
erci
seta
ctin
com
men
ts r
elat
ed to
app
arel
, app
eara
nce,
and
so
on.
We
enco
urag
e fo
rens
ics
orga
niza
tions
to c
onsi
der
the
adop
tion
ofa
new
eve
nt c
alle
d O
ral P
erfo
rman
ce o
f O
rigi
nal L
itera
ture
and
sug
gest
that
all
othe
r in
terp
reta
tion
even
ts e
mpl
oy p
ublis
hed
mat
eria
l onl
y.
We
supp
ort t
he d
evel
opm
ent o
f a
Stee
ring
Com
mitt
ee f
or th
e pu
rpos
eof
dev
elop
ing
a 19
98 N
atio
nal D
evel
opm
enta
l Con
fere
nce
on I
ndiv
idua
lE
vent
s, N
FA-L
D, a
nd P
arlia
men
tary
Deb
ate.
Tha
t con
fere
nce
wou
ldof
fer
trai
ning
for
coa
ches
/judg
es s
imila
r to
the
shor
t cou
rses
at t
he 1
997
conf
eren
ce.
The
fol
low
ing
indi
vidu
als
have
bee
n el
ecte
d to
ser
ve o
n th
eco
mm
ittee
: M'L
iss
Hin
dman
(T
yler
Jun
ior
Col
lege
, Tyl
er, T
X),
Sco
ttJe
nsen
(W
ebst
er U
nive
rsity
,St
.L
ouis
, MO
), V
icki
Kar
ns (
Suff
olk
Uni
vers
ity, B
osto
n, M
A),
Jef
f Pr
zyby
lo (
Will
iam
Rai
ney
Har
per
Col
lege
,Pa
latin
e, I
L),
Dan
Wes
t (R
ice
Uni
vers
ity, H
oust
on, T
X),
Tom
Wor
kman
(Uni
vers
ityof
Neb
rask
a,L
inco
ln,
NE
),an
dSh
awna
lee
Whi
tney
(Uni
vers
ity o
f A
lask
a A
ncho
rage
, Anc
hora
ge, A
K).
RE
SOL
VII
ON
S E
RO
M"S
TA
ND
AR
DS
EV
AL
OA
TIt
O A
K!:
xpo
ING
"
We
enco
urag
e th
e C
ounc
il of
For
ensi
c O
rgan
izat
ions
to d
evel
op a
nddi
stri
bute
a on
e-pa
ge s
tate
men
t con
cern
ing
the
judg
ing
of s
tude
ntco
mpe
titor
s w
ho a
re p
hysi
cally
cha
lleng
ed. T
his
stat
emen
t wou
ld in
clud
e:
1) r
ecom
men
datio
ns o
n ju
dgin
g st
uden
ts w
ith te
mpo
rary
or
perm
anen
tse
nsor
y, p
hysi
cal,
or s
peec
h im
pair
men
ts (
i.e. r
econ
ceiv
ing
judg
ing
para
digm
s ba
sed
on u
se o
f m
anus
crip
t, ge
stur
es o
r tr
ansi
tiona
lm
ovem
ents
).
15
-
2) p
rovi
sion
s re
gard
ing
the
use
of c
onve
ntio
ns, t
ime
limits
, vis
ual
mat
eria
ls a
nd/o
r hu
man
/ani
mal
ass
ista
nce.
3) in
stru
ctio
ns f
or th
e us
e of
this
sta
tem
ent f
or a
ll to
urna
men
ts.
Thi
s st
atem
ent s
houl
d be
dis
trib
uted
to a
ll di
rect
ors
of f
oren
sics
and
thos
elis
ted
as to
urna
men
t dir
ecto
rs in
the
natio
nal c
alen
dars
of
all C
ounc
il of
Fore
nsic
Org
aniz
atio
ns a
ffili
ates
, and
cou
ld b
e in
voke
d by
a to
urna
men
tdi
rect
or w
hen
phys
ical
ly c
halle
nged
com
petit
ors
have
bee
n en
tere
d in
toth
e to
urna
men
t. A
cov
er le
tter
acco
mpa
nyin
g th
e st
atem
ent w
ould
giv
e a
back
grou
nd o
f th
e ne
ed f
or ju
dge
educ
atio
n an
d th
e is
sues
sur
roun
ding
com
petit
ion
for
the
phys
ical
ly c
halle
nged
stu
dent
.
Just
ific
atio
n: T
here
issu
ffic
ient
evi
denc
e th
at ju
dges
inap
prop
riat
ely
com
pens
ate
judg
ing
crite
ria
or ju
dge
unfa
irly
thos
e st
uden
ts w
ith p
hysi
cal
chal
leng
es. L
ack
of e
duca
tion
prod
uces
judg
es w
ho a
re u
ncom
fort
able
or
inef
fect
ive
with
the
phys
ical
ly c
halle
nged
stu
dent
.A
s a
resu
lt, p
oor
judg
ing
rem
ains
a s
igni
ftca
nt r
easo
n w
hy r
eten
tion
rate
s of
phy
sica
llych
alle
nged
com
petit
ors
are
low
.Su
ch a
sta
tem
ent f
rom
a n
atio
nal
orga
niza
tion
wou
ld p
rovi
de a
val
ue f
or p
hysi
cally
cha
lleng
ed c
ompe
titor
sth
at c
urre
ntly
doe
s no
t exi
st.
It r
emov
es th
e bu
rden
of
judg
e ed
ucat
ion
bein
g pl
aced
sol
ely
on th
e co
ach
of a
phy
sica
lly c
halle
nged
stu
dent
or
the
stud
ent h
im o
r he
rsel
f.
We
belie
ve it
is th
e re
spon
sibi
lity
of e
very
Dir
ecto
r of
For
ensi
cs w
ithgr
adua
te s
tude
nt s
taff
or
volu
ntee
r ju
dges
to e
stab
lish
a pr
oces
s of
deve
lopi
ng in
divi
dual
judg
e ph
iloso
phie
s as
par
t of
judg
e pr
epar
atio
n. W
efu
rthe
r be
lieve
itis
the
resp
onsi
bilit
y of
eve
ry to
urna
men
t dir
ecto
r to
prov
ide
som
e fo
rm o
f ju
dge
trai
ning
at a
ll to
urna
men
ts.
We
call
upon
the
Cou
ncil
of F
oren
sic
Org
aniz
atio
ns to
end
orse
and
deve
lop
a co
mm
issi
on to
det
erm
ine
natio
nal s
tand
ards
for
the
eval
uatio
nan
d tr
aini
ng o
f D
irec
tors
of
Fore
nsic
s.O
nce
dete
rmin
ed, n
atio
nal
stan
dard
s sh
ould
be
impl
emen
ted
thro
ugh
natio
nal c
onfe
renc
es a
ndco
nven
tion
shor
t cou
rses
und
er e
xist
ing
or n
ew c
ertif
icat
ion
proc
edur
es.
Furt
her,
we
call
for
the
fore
nsic
s co
mm
unity
to a
dopt
an
oath
or
"sta
tem
ent o
f m
oral
dut
y" f
or f
oren
sics
edu
cato
rs r
eadi
ng: "
I pl
edge
tom
ake
as m
y m
issi
on th
e ed
ucat
ion
of th
e st
uden
t thr
ough
spe
ech
com
petit
ion,
and
I c
omm
it to
mak
ing
choi
ces
that
pla
ce th
e ac
adem
ic
4
deve
lopm
ent o
f th
e st
uden
t as
my
prim
ary
conc
ern.
I pl
edge
to s
triv
eto
war
d ex
celle
nce
in th
e kn
owle
dge
and
prac
tice
of m
y fi
eld
and
will
wor
kto
war
d th
e be
tterm
ent o
f m
y fi
eld
artis
tical
ly, p
edag
ogic
ally
, eth
ical
ly, a
ndpr
actic
ally
."
Thi
s bo
dy e
ncou
rage
s fo
rens
ics
and
com
mun
icat
ion
rese
arch
in th
efo
llow
ing
area
s:
1) F
oren
sics
edu
catio
n pe
dago
gy
2) E
mpi
rica
l sup
port
for
the
met
hod
of f
oren
sics
as
com
mun
icat
ion
and/
or c
itize
nshi
p pe
dago
gy
3) E
mpi
rica
l sup
port
for
com
pete
ncy
stan
dard
s of
fore
nsic
s co
achi
ng a
nd a
dmin
istr
atio
n
4) P
ublic
spe
akin
g ev
ent i
ssue
s an
d co
ncer
ns
RE
SOL
UT
ION
S FR
OM
Tilt
PA
NE
L E
NT
ITL
ED
NE
W D
IRE
CT
ION
S FO
R O
RA
L I
NT
ER
PRE
TA
TIO
N"
We
enco
urag
e th
e na
tiona
l org
aniz
atio
ns to
con
side
r th
e fo
llow
ing
desc
ript
ions
as
guid
elin
es f
or th
eir
inte
rpre
tatio
n ev
ent r
ules
to e
mph
asiz
eth
e im
port
ance
of
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
text
.(A
dditi
ons
to c
urre
nt g
uide
lines
are
in C
API
TA
L le
tters
.) T
hese
rul
e ch
ange
s pl
ace
the
emph
asis
on
the
text
by
offe
ring
a p
urpo
se f
or e
ngag
ing
in in
terp
reta
tion
of e
ach
of th
ege
nres
.In
add
ition
, the
se p
ropo
sals
off
er a
mea
ns to
ach
ievi
ng th
eun
ders
tand
ing
of th
e lit
erat
ure
and
fina
lly, t
he p
ropo
sed
rule
cha
nges
mak
eth
eme
subs
idia
ry to
und
erst
andi
ng o
f th
e te
xt.
Pros
e In
tetp
reta
tion:
A s
elec
tion
or s
elec
tions
of
pros
e m
ater
ial o
flit
erar
y m
erit
DE
SIG
NE
D T
O I
LL
UM
INA
TE
AN
UN
DE
RST
AN
DIN
GO
F T
HE
TE
XT
TH
RO
UG
H T
HE
USE
OF
VO
CA
L A
ND
PH
YSI
CA
LD
EL
IVE
RY
.M
UL
TIP
LE
SE
LE
CT
ION
S M
AY
BE
USE
D W
HE
NT
HE
IL
LU
MIN
AT
ED
TE
XT
S SH
AR
E A
CO
MM
ON
TH
EM
E. P
lay
cutti
ngs
and
poet
ry a
re p
rohi
bite
d.U
se o
f m
anus
crip
t is
requ
ired
.M
axim
um ti
me
limit
is 1
0 m
inut
es in
clud
ing
intr
oduc
tion.
-
Dra
mat
ic D
uo:
A c
uttin
g fr
om a
pla
y, h
umor
ous
or s
erio
us,
invo
lvin
g th
e po
rtra
yal o
f tw
o or
mor
e ch
arac
ters
pre
sent
ed b
y tw
oin
divi
dual
s FO
R T
HE
PU
RPO
SE O
F IL
LU
MIN
AT
ING
AN
UN
DE
RST
AN
DIN
G O
F T
HE
TE
XT
TH
RO
UG
H T
HE
USE
OF
VO
CA
L A
ND
PH
YSI
CA
L D
EL
IVE
RY
.T
his
mat
eria
l may
be
draw
n fr
om s
tage
, scr
een,
or
radi
o. T
his
is n
ot a
n ac
ting
even
t; th
us,
no c
ostu
mes
, pro
ps, l
ight
ing,
etc
., ar
e to
be
used
.Pr
esen
tatio
n is
from
the
man
uscr
ipt a
nd th
e fo
cus
shou
ld b
e of
f-st
age
and
not t
o ea
chot
her.
Max
imum
tim
e lim
it is
10
min
utes
incl
udin
g in
trod
uctio
n.
Prog
ram
Ora
l Int
eipr
etat
ion:
A P
RO
GR
AM
OF
LIT
ER
AT
UR
EFR
OM
TW
O O
R T
HR
EE
RE
CO
GN
IZE
D G
EN
RE
SO
FC
OM
PET
ITIV
E I
NT
ER
PRE
TA
TIO
N (
PRO
SE/P
OE
TR
Y/D
RA
MA
)FO
RT
HE
PUR
POSE
OF
ILL
UM
INA
TIN
GA
NU
ND
ER
STA
ND
ING
OF
TH
E T
EX
T T
HR
OU
GH
TH
E U
SE O
FV
OC
AL
AN
D P
HY
SIC
AL
DE
LIV
ER
Y. L
ITE
RA
TU
RE
SH
OU
LD
BE
CH
OSE
N B
EC
AU
SE T
HE
IL
LU
MIN
AT
ED
TE
XT
S SH
AR
E A
CO
MM
ON
TH
EM
E. A
sub
stan
tial p
ortio
n of
the
tota
l tim
e m
ust b
ede
vote
d to
eac
h of
the
genr
es u
sed
in th
epr
ogra
m.
Dif
fere
nt g
enre
mea
ns th
e m
ater
ial m
ust a
ppea
r in
sep
arat
e pi
eces
of
liter
atur
e (e
.g. a
poem
incl
uded
in a
sho
rt s
tory
that
app
ears
onl
y in
that
sho
rt s
tory
does
not
con
stitu
te a
poe
try
genr
e).
Use
of
man
uscr
ipt i
s re
quir
ed.
Max
imum
tim
e lim
it is
10
min
utes
incl
udin
g or
igin
al in
trod
uctio
nan
d/or
tran
sitio
ns.
Dra
mat
ic I
nter
pret
atio
n:A
cut
ting
whi
ch r
epre
sent
s on
e or
mor
ech
arac
ters
fro
m a
pla
y or
pla
ys o
f lit
erar
y m
erit
DE
SIG
NE
D T
OIL
LU
MIN
AT
EA
N U
ND
ER
STA
ND
ING
OF
TH
ET
EX
TT
HR
OU
GH
TH
E U
SE O
F V
OC
AL
AN
D P
HY
SIC
AL
DE
LIV
ER
Y.
MU
LT
IPL
E S
EL
EC
TIO
NS
MA
Y B
E U
SED
WH
EN
TH
EIL
LU
MIN
AT
ED
TE
XT
S SH
AR
E A
CO
MM
ON
TH
EM
E.
Thi
sm
ater
ial m
ay b
e dr
awn
from
sta
ge,
scre
en o
r ra
dio.
Use
of
man
uscr
ipt i
s re
quir
ed. M
axim
um ti
me
limit
is 1
0 m
inut
es in
clud
ing
orig
inal
intr
oduc
tion.
Poet
ry I
nter
pret
atio
n: A
sel
ectio
n or
sel
ectio
ns o
f po
etry
of
liter
ary
mer
it D
ESI
GN
ED
TO
IL
LU
MIN
AT
E A
N U
ND
ER
STA
ND
ING
OF
TH
E T
EX
T T
HR
OU
GH
TH
E U
SE O
F V
OC
AL
AN
D P
HY
SIC
AL
13B
ES
T C
OP
Y A
VA
ILA
BLE
5
DE
LIV
ER
Y. M
UL
TIP
LE
SE
LE
CT
ION
S M
AY
BE
USE
D W
HE
NT
HE
IL
LU
MIN
AT
ED
TE
XT
S SH
AR
E A
CO
MM
ON
TH
EM
E. P
lay
cutti
ngs
and
pros
e w
orks
are
pro
hibi
ted.
Use
of
man
uscr
ipt i
sre
quir
ed. M
axim
um ti
me
limit
is 1
0 m
inut
es in
clud
ing
intr
oduc
tions
.
We
reco
mm
end
that
judg
es r
ecog
nize
the
valu
e of
"re
cycl
ed"
mat
eria
lfo
r th
e in
divi
dual
per
form
er a
t the
tim
e, a
nd s
houl
d co
mm
unic
ate
issu
es o
fne
wne
ss a
nd r
ank
deci
sion
s be
ing
min
dful
of
the
stud
ent's
indi
vidu
alex
pres
sion
of
the
mat
eria
l.
We
enco
urag
e co
ache
s to
gui
de s
tude
nts
who
des
ire
to in
terp
ret o
lder
,"r
ecyc
led"
lite
ratu
re, t
o av
oid
copy
ing
or m
imic
king
per
form
ance
idea
san
d to
see
k ou
t "fr
esh"
or
"nov
el"
appr
oach
es.
:RR
SOC
UT
ION
S FR
OM
Tfi
EPA
Ngt
, Ekt
rtL
ED
DIR
EO
ION
S FO
R P
AR
LIA
ME
NT
AR
YD
EB
AT
E A
ND
NFA
-LD
"
We
enco
urag
ede
bate
prog
ram
san
dor
gani
zatio
nsto
deve
lop
oppo
rtun
ities
to p
rovi
de s
tude
nts
venu
es in
whi
ch to
dev
elop
pub
licar
gum
ent s
kills
.
We
enco
urag
e fo
rens
ic p
rogr
ams
to u
tiliz
e no
n-fo
rens
ic f
acul
ty f
rom
vari
ous
disc
iplin
es a
s re
sour
ces
for
all f
oren
sic
even
ts.
We
disc
oura
ge a
n un
exam
ined
ado
ptio
n of
rul
es, p
revi
ous
theo
retic
alco
nstr
ucts
, or
prev
ious
pra
ctic
al c
onve
ntio
ns in
deb
ate.
We
enco
urag
e fo
rens
ic o
rgan
izat
ions
to d
evel
op, i
mpl
emen
t, an
den
forc
e po
licie
s to
red
uce
sexu
al h
aras
smen
t of
stud
ents
, coa
ches
, and
judg
es a
nd th
at o
ngoi
ng e
duca
tion
abou
t sex
ual h
aras
smen
t be
a pr
iori
ty.
We
enco
urag
e de
bate
org
aniz
atio
ns to
exp
erim
ent w
ith a
ltern
ate
form
ats
incl
udin
g bu
t not
lim
ited
to v
ario
us in
tern
atio
nal f
orm
ats.
We
sugg
est t
hat f
or p
arlia
men
tary
deb
ate,
reg
ardl
ess
of a
n ad
judi
cato
r'sru
ling
on a
n is
sue
of d
ebat
e pr
oced
ure
voic
ed in
a P
oint
of
Ord
er, t
hede
bate
sho
uld
cont
inue
in it
s en
tiret
y.
119
-
2 0
We
enco
urag
e to
urna
men
t dir
ecto
rs to
con
side
r th
e us
e of
exp
erim
enta
lW
e re
cogn
ize
deba
te a
s a
uniq
ue, w
orth
whi
le a
ctiv
ity, w
orth
y of
aor
alte
rnat
ive
form
ats
to e
nsur
e th
e pu
blic
acc
essi
bilit
y of
var
ious
eve
nts.
stud
ent's
ded
icat
ion
and
effo
rt.
RE
SOL
UT
ION
S fR
om T
HE
PA
NFT
EN
TIT
I.E
D"T
OU
RN
AM
EN
T M
AN
AU
EM
EN
Tis
,
We
enco
urag
e th
e fo
rens
ics
com
mun
ity to
ado
pt th
e ph
iloso
phy
that
com
petit
ion
duri
ng th
e co
urse
of
the
year
sho
uld
not b
e di
ctat
ed b
y an
emph
asis
on
qual
ific
atio
n pr
oced
ures
for
nat
iona
l tou
rnam
ents
.In
oth
erw
ords
, we
disc
oura
ge th
e cr
eatio
n of
a c
ultu
re in
whi
ch s
tude
nts
and/
orco
ache
s ar
e en
cour
aged
, exp
licitl
y or
impl
icitl
y, to
pul
l qua
lifie
d sl
ots,
dete
rmin
ing
the
num
ber
of s
tude
nts
to b
e in
clud
ed in
a f
mal
rou
nd b
ased
on a
per
cept
ion
of th
e ne
ed f
or a
nd/o
r la
ck th
ereo
f of
pla
ces
in th
ose
even
ts, a
nd th
e ho
stin
g of
so-
calle
d "l
ast c
hanc
e" q
ualif
ying
tour
nam
ents
.
We
belie
ve th
at e
xper
imen
tatio
n in
ext
empo
rane
ous
and
impr
ompt
usp
eaki
ngis
wor
thw
hile
,an
dbe
lieve
that
inno
vatio
nssh
ould
beco
mm
unic
ated
in th
e to
urna
men
t inv
itatio
n.
We
call
for
tour
nam
ent d
irec
tors
in a
ll re
gion
s to
coo
pera
te to
ens
ure
that
a v
arie
ty o
f co
mpr
ehen
sive
and
spe
cial
ized
tour
nam
ents
are
ava
ilabl
e.
Rgs
oLum
iNs
yRoN
TE
EF
PAN
EL
"NE
W D
IRE
CT
ION
S FO
R'P
UB
LIC
-PE
AK
ING
"
We
enco
urag
e fo
rens
ics
educ
ator
s to
take
a p
rofe
ssio
nal,
proa
ctiv
est
ance
whe
n re
spon
ding
to c
omm
ents
on
ballo
ts w
hich
are
con
trad
icto
ry o
rco
ndes
cend
ing.
Add
ition
ally
, we
enco
urag
e ju
dges
to m
ake
them
selv
esav
aila
ble
to c
ompe
titor
s an
d/or
coa
ches
who
see
k cl
arif
icat
ion
on b
allo
tco
mm
ents
.
We
belie
ve th
e fo
rens
ics
com
mun
ity s
houl
d en
cour
age
dive
rsity
inor
gani
zatio
nal p
atte
rns,
mod
es o
f pe
rsua
sion
, top
ic s
elec
tion,
and
so
on.
6
We
belie
ve th
at to
urna
men
t dir
ecto
rs a
nd n
atio
nal o
rgan
izat
ions
sho
uld
(re)
cons
ider
the
use
of a
bri
ef s
ingl
e qu
estio
n (n
ot to
exc
eed
one
min
ute)
in th
e fm
al r
ound
of
indi
vidu
al e
vent
s.
We
call
for
a "r
easo
n fo
r de
cisi
on"
sect
ion
on b
allo
ts a
s a
mea
ns o
fen
cour
agin
g ju
dges
to m
ore
clea
rly
just
ify
and
expl
ain
rank
s an
d sp
eake
rpo
ints
.In
cas
es w
here
suc
h a
sect
ion
is n
ot in
clud
ed o
n ba
llots
, jud
ges
shou
ld b
e en
cour
aged
to p
rovi
de c
lear
just
ific
atio
n or
thei
r ow
n "r
easo
nfo
r de
cisi
on"
sect
ion.
We
enco
urag
e na
tiona
l org
aniz
atio
ns a
nd to
urna
men
t dir
ecto
rs to
prov
ide
advi
sory
poi
nt g
uide
lines
sim
ilar
to th
ose
used
by
the
Nat
iona
lPa
rlia
men
tary
Deb
ate
Ass
ocia
tion
to d
elin
eate
the
diff
eren
ces
betw
een
spea
ker
poin
ts (
e.g.
wha
t doe
s a
15 m
ean,
a 1
6, a
17,
and
so
on).
RE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
21
-
Abs
trac
t: T
here
has
long
bee
n co
ncer
n in
for
ensi
c ci
rcle
s ab
out c
oach
esw
ho a
llege
dly
wri
te o
rigi
nal s
peec
hes
for
thei
r st
uden
ts.
Thi
s es
say
argu
esth
atw
hile
such
over
coac
hers
are
inde
edac
ting
unet
hica
llyan
dun
educ
atio
nally
, the
ir o
ppos
ing
num
ber-
-und
erco
ache
rsar
e al
so a
ctin
gun
desi
rabl
y.Pe
rhap
s m
ost c
ritic
ally
, bot
h se
ts o
f co
ache
s ar
e ac
ting
unpr
ofes
sion
ally
.A
fter
bre
akin
g do
wn
the
crea
tive
spee
ch p
roce
ss in
tose
ven
com
pone
nt p
arts
, I s
ugge
st th
at th
ere
is a
com
fort
able
gro
und
inbe
twee
n th
ese
two
extr
emes
, whe
re a
for
ensi
c co
ach
can
legi
timat
ely-
-and
in a
trul
y pr
ofes
sion
al m
anne
r--c
ontr
ibut
e to
a s
tude
nt's
cre
ativ
e ef
fort
sw
ithou
t end
ange
ring
eith
er th
e st
uden
t's le
arni
ng p
roce
ss o
r an
y et
hica
lbo
unda
ries
.
TH
E G
HO
STW
RIT
ER
, TH
E L
AIS
SEZ
-FA
IRE
CO
AC
H,
AN
D T
HE
FO
RE
NSI
C P
RO
FESS
ION
AL
:N
EG
OT
IAT
ING
TH
E O
VE
RC
OA
CH
1NG
VS.
UN
DE
RC
OA
CH
ING
DIL
EM
MA
IN
OR
IGIN
AL
CO
NT
EST
SPE
EC
HE
S
Jam
es J
. Kim
ble1
Dir
ecto
r of
For
ensi
csG
eorg
e M
ason
Uni
vers
ity, F
airf
ax, V
A
No
one
but t
he m
ost u
nscr
upul
ous
open
ly d
efen
ds th
e pr
actic
e of
usin
g gh
ostw
ritte
n m
ater
ial i
n a
cont
est c
allin
g fo
r or
igin
al w
ork
(p. 6
5).
-Fau
les,
Rie
ke &
Rho
des
(197
6)
..
ghos
twri
ting
[is]
a f
act o
f lif
e in
mos
t con
test
eve
nts
(p. 9
)-M
adse
n (1
984)
The
incr
easi
ng m
atur
ity o
f fo
rens
ic a
ctiv
ities
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
has
prom
pted
grow
ing
atte
ntio
nto
the
deve
lopm
ent
ofth
efo
rens
ic
1 A
UT
HO
R'S
NO
TE
: The
aut
hor
than
ks M
att D
avis
for
sha
ring
his
thou
ghts
on
this
issu
e, a
nd D
an W
est f
or h
is e
ncou
rage
men
t and
pat
ienc
e.
7
prof
essi
onal
. Zie
gelm
uelle
r an
d Pa
rson
(19
84),
for
exa
mpl
e, s
ugge
st th
at"f
oren
sic
educ
ator
sar
ere
quir
edto
fulf
illa
num
ber
of d
iffe
ring
prof
essi
onal
rol
es, a
mon
g th
em th
e ro
le o
f cl
assr
oom
teac
her,
pro
gram
adm
inis
trat
or, a
nd s
tude
nt a
dvis
or"
(p. 3
7). S
imila
rly,
Bar
tane
n (1
993,
p.
4) r
elat
es th
at th
e G
uild
of
Am
eric
an F
oren
sic
Edu
cato
rs b
elie
ves
that
"for
ensi
c pr
ogra
ms
shou
ld b
e di
rect
ed b
y pr
ofes
sion
al e
duca
tors
trai
ned
inbo
th th
e ph
iloso
phy
and
prac
tice
of th
e ac
tivity
."
As
indi
vidu
al e
vent
s co
ache
s an
d di
rect
ors
stri
ving
to b
ecom
e be
tter
atw
hat w
e do
, mos
t of
us a
t thi
s de
velo
pmen
tal c
onfe
renc
e na
tura
lly f
all
unde
r th
is in
crea
sing
foc
us o
n pr
ofes
sion
alis
m in
for
ensi
cs.
Inde
ed, t
his
sess
ion
is e
vide
nce
that
at l
east
a f
ew p
eopl
e ar
e in
tere
sted
in th
e is
sue.
Unf
ortu
nate
ly, w
hile
we
talk
abo
ut p
rofe
ssio
nalis
m in
term
s of
tenu
re,
rese
arch
, deg
rees
, and
dep
artm
enta
l sta
tus,
we
tend
to g
ive
too
little
atte
ntio
n to
the
mec
hani
cs o
f ac
tual
coa
chin
g, th
e ac
tivity
that
is a
t the
hear
t of
our
prof
essi
on.
Alth
ough
the
act o
f co
achi
ng is
obv
ious
ly a
n in
divi
dual
ized
act
ivity
inw
hich
we
each
util
ize
our
gift
s (a
nd e
xerc
ise
our
bias
es),
I b
elie
ve th
atth
ere
is s
uffi
cien
t roo
m f
or d
iscu
ssio
ns o
f pr
ofes
sion
alis
m in
coa
chin
g. I
npa
rtic
ular
, I b
elie
ve th
at th
ere
is m
erit
in w
rest
ling
as a
gro
up w
ith th
eth
orny
issu
es in
volv
ed in
app
ropr
iate
ly g
uidi
ng o
ur s
tude
nts
thro
ugh
the
com
petit
ive
seas
on.
The
sub
ject
of
coac
hing
indi
vidu
al e
vent
s in
a p
rofe
ssio
nal m
anne
r co
uld
enco
mpa
ss s
ever
al p
ossi
ble
issu
es.
In th
is e
ssay
I s
hall
focu
s on
the
issu
eof
ori
gina
lity
in p
ublic
add
ress
eve
nts.
In p
artic
ular
, I c
onte
nd th
at th
ein
divi
dual
eve
nts
prof
essi
onal
can
fin
d am
ple,
def
med
mid
dle
grou
ndbe
twee
n th
e ex
trem
es o
f th
e L
aiss
ez-F
aire
coa
ch a
nd th
e G
host
wri
ter.
I
shal
l adv
ance
this
arg
umen
t in
thre
e se
para
te s
ectio
ns: 1
) a
disc
ussi
on o
fth
e ov
erco
achi
ng v
s. u
nder
coac
hing
dile
mm
a co
ache
s of
ori
gina
l pub
lic,
even
ts f
ace;
2)
a de
linea
tion
of s
even
ste
ps in
volv
ed in
cre
atin
g an
ori
gina
lm
emor
ized
spe
ech
in c
ompe
titiv
e fo
rens
ics;
and
3)
a su
gges
ted
set o
fsp
ecif
ic n
orm
s to
gui
de c
oach
es a
s th
ey n
egot
iate
thes
e se
ven
step
s in
apr
ofes
sion
al m
anne
r.
-
Ove
rcoa
chin
g vs
. Und
erco
achi
ng
The
rul
es a
nd g
uide
lines
of
orga
nize
d fo
rens
ics
indi
cate
that
pub
licad
dres
s sp
eech
es a
re to
be
"ori
gina
l."M
ost o
f us
inte
rpre
t thi
s w
ord
tom
ean
that
the
spee
ches
are
to b
e w
ritte
n by
the
com
petit
or a
nd n
o on
eel
se, a
nd w
e st
renu
ousl
y ob
ject
to a
ny c
oach
or
team
vio
latin
g th
atex
pect
atio
n.B
ut th
ere
is li
ttle
doub
t tha
t the
pra
ctic
e of
han
ding
stu
dent
ssp
eech
scr
ipts
aut
hore
d by
oth
ers
has
appe
ared
in f
oren
sics
con
test
s, e
ither
thro
ugh
the
effo
rts
of th
e ov
erly
hel
pful
coa
ch (
Kal
anqu
in, 1
989)
or
the
outr
ight
rul
es v
iola
tor
(Mad
sen,
198
4). M
any
of u
s, in
fac
t, ha
ve h
eard
--or
hav
e ou
rsel
ves
cont
ribu
ted
to--
nega
tive
goss
ipab
out t
eam
s or
indi
vidu
als
who
may
hav
e cr
osse
d th
at li
ne.
Var
ious
ly c
alle
d "g
host
wri
ting"
or
"ove
rcoa
chin
g,"
the
extr
eme
form
s of
this
pra
ctic
e (a
t lea
st)
are
clea
rly
agai
nst t
he r
ules
, and
are
als
o po
ored
ucat
iona
l pra
ctic
e.Pr
evio
us tr
eatm
ents
of
the
subj
ect,
whi
ch a
rere
lativ
ely
spar
se, a
re o
ften
blu
nt in
thei
r di
sapp
rova
l.U
lric
h (1
986,
p.
134)
, for
inst
ance
, arg
ues
that
"co
achi
ng e
ffor
ts s
houl
d su
pple
men
t, no
tsu
bstit
ute
for,
stu
dent
eff
orts
." M
adse
n (1
984,
p. 1
0) a
gree
s, a
ddin
g th
at
.. i
f w
e be
lieve
that
stud
ents
mus
t, in
fac
t, le
arn
to d
o re
sear
ch,
to o
rgan
ize
mat
eria
ls, t
o pr
esen
t ide
as w
ith c
lari
ty a
nd to
com
e to
appr
ecia
te h
isto
rica
l dat
a an
d go
od li
tera
ture
, the
n w
e .
..
will
be
offe
nded
by
ghos
twri
ting,
be
it by
a f
ello
w s
tude
nt o
r an
ove
rly
help
ful c
oach
.
Sinc
e th
e ev
ent c
alle
d de
clam
atio
n is
not
off
ered
at t
he c
olle
ge le
vel,
mos
tof
us
wou
ld a
gree
with
thes
e w
rite
rs in
thei
r bl
unt a
sses
smen
ts o
f th
ose
who
ove
rcoa
ch a
nd w
ho, i
n th
e pr
oces
s, e
nd u
p gh
ostw
ritin
g pu
blic
addr
ess
spee
ches
for
thei
r st
uden
ts.
Yet
act
ing
as a
lais
sez-
fair
e co
ach-
-on
e w
ho g
ives
his
or
her
stud
ents
as
little
dir
ectio
n as
pos
sibl
e--i
s al
sopr
oble
mat
ic.
Faul
es, R
ieke
, and
Rho
des
(197
6, p
. 65)
agr
ee, r
emin
ding
us th
at a
coa
ch w
orki
ng w
ith a
n or
igin
al e
vent
spe
aker
"ne
ed n
ot r
efra
infr
om m
akin
g su
gges
tions
. If
she
has
an id
ea th
at w
ill im
prov
e a
wor
k, s
hesh
ould
men
tion
it to
the
stud
ent."
And
Den
yber
ry a
rgue
s th
at "
the
fore
nsic
edu
cato
r ne
eds
toco
nsis
tent
lym
onito
r an
d sc
rutin
ize
the
subs
tanc
e of
arg
umen
ts w
ithin
stu
dent
spe
eche
s as
eve
nts
are
crea
ted
for
com
petit
ion"
(19
93, p
. 7).
8
Unf
ortu
nate
ly, w
ithou
t suc
h as
sist
ance
our
stu
dent
s ca
n an
d of
ten
will
beco
me
vict
imiz
ed.
As
Faul