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ED 474 547
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IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
DOCUMENT RESUME
IR 021 673
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards.
Nevada State Dept. of Education, Carson City.2000-03-0055p.
For full text: http://www.nde.state.nv.us/sca/standards/index.html.Guides Non-Classroom (055)
EDRS Price MF01/PC03 Plus Postage.
*Academic Standards; Computer Oriented Programs; DecisionMaking; *Educational Technology; Elementary SecondaryEducation; *Information Skills; Information Technology;*Problem Solving; *State Standards; Systems Approach;*Technology Uses in Education; TelecommunicationsNevada; *Performance Indicators
This document presents Nevada's standards for K-12 technologyeducation. The first section provides guidelines for grades K-3, 4-5, 6-8,and 9-12 for the following content standards: (1) students will utilizeproblem-solving processes through the use of resources to reach a desiredoutcome; (2) students use appropriate productivity tools including, but notlimited to, word processing, spreadsheet, database, multimedia, andtelecommunications; (3) students use various technology tools to researchinformation and evaluate its accuracy and appropriateness in order to solveproblems and make decisions; (4) students will identify, apply concepts, andmanage various tools and resources to evaluate their accuracy andappropriateness in solving problems and making decisions; (5) students willrecognize that systems are made up of individual components and that eachcomponent affects the operation of the system and its relationship with othersystems; and (6) students will evaluate the impact and ethical implications.on individuals, society, and the environment. The second part listsperformance level descriptors at each grade level for these contentstandards. A glossary is included. (MES)
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Nevada Computer and TechnologyEducation Standards
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Standards, Nevada Department of Education
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* Nevada Department of Education
Introduction
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ProficiencyTests
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Computer &Technology
EnglishLanguage Arts
ForeignLanguage
Health
Math
PhysicalEducation
Science
Social Studies
Home Standards Licensing A-Z Program Index Staff Directory School List
Click here for list of NDE Offices
Academic Standards
IntroductionDocuments on these pages are available in three different formats, HTML (HyperText),Microsoft Word, and PDF (Portable Document Format). HTML files can be viewed directlyfrom your Web Browser. Word files can be downloaded and viewed in Microsoft Word on thePC or Mac. The FREE Adobe Acrobat Reader is required for viewing and/or printing thePDF documents If you do not have this software installed, you can download it here.
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The Nevada legislature passed major education reform legislation during its 1997 and1999 sessions. A major emphasis of this legislation was to create standards to helpimprove the academic achievement of Nevada's students.
To accomplish this goal the Nevada Council to Establish Academic Standards forPublic Schools was established. This Council was charged with establishing high,measurable standards in English language arts, mathematics, and science. They aresimilarly charged with establishing standards in social studies, computer andtechnology education, health and physical education, and the arts no later than January15, 2000.
The members of this Council have devoted countless hours in order to provide the bestpossible framework for Nevada's children. They are Council Chair Ms. Debbie Smith,Assemblywoman Vonne Chowning, Mr. Scott Craigie, Senator Ann O'Connell, Dr.Benjamin Hart, Mr. Kirk Kelly Adams, Ms. Evelyn Allred and Ms. Elaine Wynn.
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Last reviewed/updated: April 8, 2003Direct Licensing questions to Teacher Licensure at [email protected] or 702-486-6458Direct technical questions or comments to Office of Technology and Innovative Programs marknsn.k12.nv.us
Nevada Department of Education Locations
Nevada Department of EducationCarson City Main Location
700 E. Fifth StreetCarson City, NV 89701
Phone: (775) 687-9200 Fax: (775) 687-9101
Map to Carson City Main Location
MAPQMEST.Directions from Reno Tahoe Airport
Nevada Department of EducationCarson City Satellite Location1749 Moody Street, Suite 40
Carson City, NV 89706Phone: (775) 687-9154 Fax: (775) 687-9119
Map to Carson City Satellite Location
MANNEST.Directions from Reno Tahoe Airport
Nevada Department of EducationLas Vegas Location
1820 East Sahara Avenue, Suite 205Las Vegas, Nevada 89104
Phone: (702) 486-6458 (8am-5pm) Fax: (702) 486-6450Voice Mail: (702) 486-6457Map to Las Vegas Location
MANNES11.Directions from Las Vegas McCarran Airport
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Last reviewed/updated: April 8, 2003Direct Licensing questions to Teacher Licensure at [email protected] or 702-486-6458Direct technical questions or comments to Office of Technology and Innovative Programs [email protected]
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Nevada Department of Education Locations
Nevada Department of EducationCarson City Main Location
700 E. Fifth StreetCarson City, NV 89701
Phone: (775) 687-9200 Fax: (775) 687-9101
Map to Carson City Main Location
Directions from Reno Tahoe Airport
Nevada Department of EducationCarson City Satellite Location1749 Moody Street, Suite 40
Carson City, NV 89706Phone: (775) 687-9154 Fax: (775) 687-9119
Map to Carson City Satellite Location
'Ai:Wit:VEST :-Directions from Reno Tahoe Airport
Nevada Department of EducationLas Vegas Location
1820 East Sahara Avenue, Suite 205Las Vegas, Nevada 89104
Phone: (702) 486-6458 (8am-5pm) Fax: (702) 486-6450Voice Mail: (702) 486-6457Map to Las Vegas Location
MANNESTDirections from Las Vegas McCarran Airport
6
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Nev
ada
Com
pute
r an
d T
echn
olog
y E
duca
tion
Stan
dard
s
Intr
oduc
tion
The
Nev
ada
Leg
isla
ture
has
rec
ogni
zed
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f co
mpu
ter
and
tech
nolo
gy e
duca
tion
in S
B 4
66, S
ectio
n 8.
NA
C 3
89.6
88re
quir
es a
min
imum
of
a on
e se
mes
ter
(1/2
cre
dit)
com
pute
r co
urse
for
gra
duat
ion.
Tec
hnol
ogy
is th
e ap
plic
atio
n of
res
ourc
es a
nd k
now
ledg
e to
sol
ve p
robl
ems
and
mee
t hum
an n
eeds
. Tec
hnol
ogy
incl
udes
, but
is n
otlim
ited
to, t
he u
se o
f co
mpu
ters
. Soc
iety
nee
ds p
eopl
e ad
ept a
t usi
ng te
chno
logy
. Adv
ance
s in
tech
nolo
gy a
ffec
t all
of e
arth
's li
ving
and
nonl
ivin
g sy
stem
s. I
t is
vita
l tha
t stu
dent
s un
ders
tand
the
inte
rrel
atio
nshi
ps o
f te
chno
logy
, the
env
iron
men
t and
hum
an a
ctiv
ity.
We
shou
ld in
corp
orat
e te
chno
logy
as
stud
ents
dev
elop
cri
tical
thin
king
ski
lls a
nd s
trat
egie
s in
thei
r cl
assr
oom
s. U
nder
stan
ding
that
stud
ents
lear
n in
dif
fere
nt w
ays,
we
can
help
them
use
tech
nolo
gy a
s a
mea
ns to
app
ly a
cade
mic
s w
ithin
a r
eal-
wor
ld c
onte
xt. S
ocie
tyne
eds
indi
vidu
als
who
are
lite
rate
in te
chno
logy
and
pos
sess
the
skill
s th
at e
nabl
e th
em to
par
ticip
ate
in a
hig
h-pe
rfor
man
ce w
ork
forc
e th
at a
dapt
s re
adily
to c
onst
antly
cha
ngin
g te
chno
logy
.
In o
rder
for
teac
hers
to im
plem
ent a
nd in
tegr
ate
the
follo
win
g st
anda
rds,
they
mus
t hav
e ad
equa
te s
taff
dev
elop
men
t.
Nev
ada
Com
pute
r an
d T
echn
olog
y E
duca
tion
Stan
dard
sM
arch
200
0Pa
ge 1
of
12
Cur
ricu
lum
Int
egra
tion
Com
pute
r an
d te
chno
logy
edu
catio
n is
to b
e in
tegr
ated
with
in a
ll gr
ade
leve
l con
tent
sta
ndar
ds. A
ll te
ache
rs s
hare
this
res
pons
ibili
tyfo
r st
uden
t suc
cess
.
Ele
men
tary
Sch
ool
Ear
ly le
arni
ng e
xper
ienc
es b
uild
the
foun
datio
ns f
or la
ter
lear
ning
. Int
egra
ting
com
pute
r sk
ills
and
tech
nolo
gy c
once
pts
prov
ides
trem
endo
us o
ppor
tuni
ty f
or s
tude
nts
to a
pply
kno
wle
dge
thro
ugh
the
desi
gn a
nd u
se o
f m
ater
ials
and
pro
cess
es, t
o sy
stem
atic
ally
solv
e re
al p
robl
ems,
and
to g
ain
new
kno
wle
dge.
Cri
tical
thin
king
, tea
mw
ork,
res
earc
h an
d de
velo
pmen
t, ex
peri
men
tatio
n, a
nd te
stin
ghe
lp d
eliv
er th
e go
als
of th
e el
emen
tary
cur
ricu
lum
and
enr
ich
the
entir
e le
arni
ng a
nd te
achi
ng p
roce
ss.
Mid
dle
Scho
ol
Tec
hnol
ogic
al le
arni
ng a
nd c
ompu
ter
skill
acq
uisi
tion,
with
an
emph
asis
on
appl
ied
prob
lem
sol
ving
, con
tinue
s th
e pa
thw
ay b
etw
een
elem
enta
ry a
nd h
igh
scho
ol. T
he in
tegr
atio
n of
com
pute
r an
d te
chno
logy
ski
lls w
ill p
rovi
de a
n op
port
unity
to a
pply
theo
retic
alco
ncep
ts in
rea
l-w
orld
app
licat
ions
thro
ugho
ut th
e cu
rric
ulum
. Han
ds-o
n ac
tiviti
es r
einf
orce
and
ext
end
stud
ent u
nder
stan
ding
and
rete
ntio
n. T
each
ers
emph
asiz
e th
e ro
le te
chno
logy
pla
ys in
our
day
-to-
day
lives
and
the
impa
ct it
has
on
indi
vidu
als,
soc
ietie
s an
d th
een
viro
nmen
t. T
echn
olog
y en
hanc
es p
roje
ct-b
ased
lear
ning
and
is d
esig
ned
to f
acili
tate
indi
vidu
al in
tere
sts
and
lear
ning
sty
les.
Exp
erts
cont
inue
to e
mph
asiz
e th
e ne
ed f
or te
chno
logi
cally
lite
rate
indi
vidu
als.
Exp
osur
e to
the
vari
ous
area
s of
tech
nolo
gy le
ads
to in
form
edca
reer
cho
ices
.
Hig
h Sc
hool
Stud
ents
mus
t dev
elop
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
natu
re o
f te
chno
logy
, tec
hnol
ogic
al s
yste
ms
and
appl
icat
ions
, des
ign
and
inge
nuity
,an
d th
e im
pact
of
vari
ous
tech
nolo
gies
. Cou
rse
offe
ring
s m
ust i
nclu
de e
lem
ents
to e
nsur
e st
uden
ts w
ill c
ompr
ehen
d an
d ap
ply
the
com
pute
r an
d te
chno
logy
ski
lls n
eces
sary
to s
olve
rea
l-w
orld
pro
blem
s. M
ore
in-d
epth
cou
rses
will
be
offe
red
to th
ose
stud
ents
inte
rest
ed in
pur
suin
g a
vari
ety
of c
aree
r op
port
uniti
es.
Nev
ada
Com
pute
r an
d T
echn
olog
y E
duca
tion
Stan
dard
sM
arch
200
0Pa
ge 2
of
12
Prob
lem
-Sol
ving
Con
tent
Sta
ndar
d 1.
0: S
tude
nts
will
util
ize
prob
lem
-sol
ving
pro
cess
es th
roug
h th
e us
e of
res
ourc
es to
rea
ch a
des
ired
out
com
e.
By
the
end
of G
rade
3st
uden
ts k
now
and
are
able
to:
By
the
end
of G
rade
5 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
By
the
end
of G
rade
8 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
1
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
11
By
the
end
of G
rade
12
stud
ents
kno
w a
nd a
re a
ble
to d
o ev
eryt
hing
req
uire
din
pre
viou
s gr
ades
and
:
1.8.
1
Dif
fere
ntia
te d
esig
n/pr
oble
m-
solv
ing
met
hods
and
com
pone
nts
of te
chno
logy
usin
g ac
cura
te te
rmin
olog
y.
1.12
.1A
naly
ze a
var
iety
of
prob
lem
-sol
ving
appr
oach
es, w
hich
can
be
used
and
com
bine
d in
seek
ing
solu
tions
.
Kno
wle
dge
1.8.
2Se
lect
and
eva
luat
e ap
prop
riat
ede
sign
s re
quir
ing
optim
izat
ion
and
mak
ing
trad
e-of
fs.
1.12
.2D
evel
op a
nd im
plem
ent a
desi
gn/p
robl
em-s
olvi
ngm
etho
d ba
sed
on a
nee
d or
wan
t.
Proc
esse
s
1.8.
3Se
lect
and
app
ly a
desi
gn/p
robl
em-s
olvi
ng m
etho
dto
rea
ch a
des
ired
out
com
e.
App
licat
ion
Opt
imiz
atio
n- T
he p
roce
ss o
f m
akin
g an
alte
rnat
ive
wor
k as
wel
l as
it ca
n. (
Hac
ker)
Tra
de-o
ffs
An
exch
ange
of
one
thin
g in
ret
urn
for
anot
her
to a
chie
ve a
des
ired
res
ult.
Nev
ada
Com
pute
r an
d T
echn
olog
y E
duca
tion
Stan
dard
sM
arch
200
0Pa
ge 3
of
12
Prod
uctiv
ity T
ools
Con
tent
Sta
ndar
d 2.
0:St
uden
ts u
se a
ppro
pria
te p
rodu
ctiv
ity to
ols
incl
udin
g, b
ut n
ot li
mite
d to
, wor
d pr
oces
sing
, spr
eads
heet
, dat
abas
e, m
ultim
edia
and
tele
com
mun
icat
ions
.B
y th
e en
d of
Gra
de 3
stud
ents
kno
w a
nd a
reab
le to
do:
By
the
end
of G
rade
5 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
By
the
end
of G
rade
8 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
By
the
end
of G
rade
12
stud
ents
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
2.3.
1Lo
cate
and
use
lette
rs,
num
bers
, and
spe
cial
keys
on
a ke
yboa
rd u
sing
the
left
or r
ight
han
d.
2.5.
1
App
ly c
orre
ct fi
nger
pla
cem
ent
for
basi
c ke
yboa
rdin
g sk
ills.
2.8.
1D
emon
stra
te p
rofic
ienc
y an
dac
cura
cy in
key
boar
ding
ski
lls.
2.12
.1D
emon
stra
te a
dvan
ced
prof
icie
ncy
and
accu
racy
inke
yboa
rdin
g sk
ills.
Key
boar
ding
2.3.
2C
reat
e a
docu
men
t tha
tde
mon
stra
tes
sim
ple
typi
ng a
nd e
ditin
g sk
ills.
2.5.
2C
reat
e a
docu
men
t inc
ludi
ng a
grap
hic
usin
g ba
sic
form
attin
gte
chni
ques
that
dem
onst
rate
the
abili
ty to
type
, edi
t, an
d pr
int.
2.8.
2C
reat
e a
docu
men
t usi
ngad
vanc
ed fo
rmat
ting
tech
niqu
esth
at d
emon
stra
te th
e ab
ility
toim
port
a g
raph
ic, t
ype,
edi
t, an
dpr
int.
2.12
.2C
reat
e a
mul
ti-pa
ge d
ocum
ent i
nco
njun
ctio
n w
ith o
ther
tool
s th
atde
mon
stra
te th
e ab
ility
to ty
pe,
form
at, e
dit,
and
prin
t.
Wor
dP
roce
ssin
g
2.3.
3S
earc
h a
data
base
tolo
cate
spe
cific
info
rmat
ion
(e.g
.el
ectr
onic
sou
rces
,te
leph
one
book
,en
cycl
oped
ia, a
nd li
brar
yca
rd c
atal
og).
2.5.
3C
reat
e a
data
base
with
pred
efin
ed fi
elds
, ent
er d
ata
for
mul
tiple
rec
ords
, and
prin
tre
port
s ba
sed
on s
ort q
uery
usin
g as
cend
ing
and
desc
endi
ngor
der.
2.8.
3C
reat
e a
data
base
, def
ine
field
s,en
ter
data
for
mul
tiple
rec
ords
,an
d pr
int r
epor
ts b
ased
on
sort
and
quer
y.
2.12
.3C
reat
e a
data
base
, def
ine
field
s,en
ter
data
for
mul
tiple
rec
ords
,an
d pr
int r
epor
ts b
ased
on
sort
and
quer
y. In
terp
ret r
epor
t bas
edon
dat
a.
Dat
abas
e
2.3.
4U
tiliz
ing
a pr
e-de
sign
edsp
read
shee
t, de
mon
stra
teth
e ab
ility
to e
nter
sim
ple
labe
ls, v
alue
s,an
d fo
rmul
as.
2.5.
4C
onst
ruct
a g
uide
d sp
read
shee
tco
ntai
ning
app
ropr
iate
labe
ls,
valu
es, f
orm
ulas
, and
sim
ple
func
tions
.
2.8.
4G
ener
ate
a sp
read
shee
tin
clud
ing
labe
ls, v
alue
s,fo
rmul
as, a
nd fu
nctio
ns; c
reat
ea
char
t to
visu
ally
rep
rese
ntda
ta.
Prin
t a s
prea
dshe
etsh
owin
g fo
rmul
as.
2.12
.4G
ener
ate
a sp
read
shee
t inc
ludi
ngla
bels
, val
ues,
form
ulas
, and
func
tions
; cre
ate
a ch
art t
ovi
sual
ly r
epre
sent
dat
a. A
naly
zeth
e si
gnifi
canc
e of
the
data
. Prin
ta
spre
adsh
eet s
how
ing
form
ulas
.
Spr
eads
heet
Nev
ada
Com
pute
r an
d T
echn
olog
y E
duca
tion
Sta
ndar
dsM
arch
200
0P
age
4 of
12
By
the
end
of G
rade
3st
uden
ts k
now
and
are
able
to d
o:
By
the
end
of G
rade
5 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
By
the
end
of G
rade
8 s
tude
nt's
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
I
By
the
end
of G
rade
12
stud
ents
kno
wan
d ar
e ab
le to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
inpr
evio
us g
rade
s an
d:
2.3.
5E
xpla
in th
e pu
rpos
e of
am
ultim
edia
pre
sent
atio
nus
ing
mul
timed
iaso
ftw
are.
2.5.
5C
reat
e a
mul
timed
ia d
ocum
ent
or p
rese
ntat
ion
usin
g te
xt,
grap
hics
, and
/or
soun
d.
2.8.
5C
reat
e a
mul
ti-pa
ge m
ultim
edia
pres
enta
tion
usin
g te
xt,
grap
hics
, and
sou
nd to
effe
ctiv
ely
com
mun
icat
e a
conc
ept.
2.12
.5C
reat
e an
d pr
esen
t a m
ulti-
page
,m
ultim
edia
pre
sent
atio
n in
corp
orat
ing
thre
e or
mor
e of
the
follo
win
g: te
xt,
grap
hics
, sou
nd, a
nim
atio
n, d
igita
l vid
eoor
link
ing.
Ana
lyze
and
cri
tique
am
ultim
edia
pre
sent
atio
n.
Mul
timed
ia
2.3.
6C
reat
e an
d sa
ve f
iles
onva
riou
s st
orag
e m
edia
.
2.5.
6E
xpla
in th
e di
ffer
ence
s be
twee
nda
ta f
iles,
pro
gram
file
s, a
ndde
scri
be a
nd u
se th
e fi
lem
anag
emen
t sof
twar
e of
aco
mpu
ter.
2.8.
6O
rgan
ize
file
s on
a c
ompu
ter
disk
, dri
ve, s
erve
r, o
r ot
her
stor
age
devi
ce.
File
Man
agem
ent
2.3.
7.1
Iden
tify
elec
tron
icco
mm
unic
atio
n de
vice
s.2.
3.7.
2Id
entif
y de
vice
s th
atre
quir
e co
nnec
tivity
.
2.5.
7.1
Des
crib
e th
e pr
oces
s of
acce
ssin
g a
LA
N a
ndde
mon
stra
te th
e pr
oces
s as
avai
labl
e.2.
5.7.
2D
efin
e an
d ex
plai
n th
e us
es o
fan
ele
ctro
nic
com
mun
icat
ion
devi
ce, t
elec
omm
utin
g, a
ndte
leco
nfer
enci
ng.
2.8.
7.1
Exp
lain
the
adva
ntag
es o
fco
nnec
tivity
with
var
ious
syst
ems
to s
hare
info
rmat
ion
and
reso
urce
s.2.
8.7.
2E
mpl
oy th
e us
e of
ele
ctro
nic
com
mun
icat
ion.
2.12
.7L
ocat
e an
d ev
alua
te s
ourc
es o
f di
stan
cele
arni
ng, t
elec
omm
utin
g an
dte
leco
nfer
enci
ng a
nd a
naly
ze th
e us
esth
ese
elec
tron
ic c
omm
unic
atio
ns.
Con
nect
ivity
,E
lect
roni
cD
evic
es, a
ndD
ista
nce
Lea
rnin
g,
Mul
timed
ia-
The
use
of
mor
e th
an o
ne m
edia
, suc
h as
any
com
bina
tion
of s
ound
, gra
phic
s, a
nim
atio
n an
d vi
deo.
A "
mul
timed
ia"
com
pute
rty
pica
lly h
as s
peak
ers
for
soun
d an
d a
fast
mic
ropr
oces
sor
that
can
han
dle
grap
hics
, ani
mat
ion
and
vide
o. A
mul
timed
ia s
oftw
are
appl
icat
ion
usua
lly c
onta
ins
imag
es, a
udio
, tex
t and
, in
man
y ca
ses,
vid
eo c
lips
and
anim
atio
ns.
Util
ity-
A p
rogr
am u
sed
to s
olve
a s
peci
fic
prob
lem
or
fill
a pa
rtic
ular
sys
tem
man
agem
ent n
eed.
For
inst
ance
, a b
acku
p ut
ility
is a
pro
gram
that
help
s yo
u ba
ckup
you
r co
mpu
ter's
har
d dr
ive.
Ele
ctro
nic
com
mun
icat
ion-
Any
con
tent
use
d to
con
vey
a m
essa
ge th
at h
as b
een
tran
smitt
ed v
ia e
lect
roni
c m
eans
suc
h as
e-m
ail,
vide
o co
nfer
enci
ng, e
tc.
Tel
ecom
mut
ing-
Tel
ecom
mut
ing
is a
term
use
d to
indi
cate
the
proc
ess
of w
orki
ng o
utsi
de o
f th
e of
fice
by
a m
odem
hoo
kup
to th
e m
ain
offi
ce s
yste
m.
Tel
econ
fere
ncin
g- A
tele
phon
e co
mm
unic
atio
n in
whi
ch m
ore
than
two
peop
le a
re s
imul
tane
ousl
y co
nnec
ted
so th
ey c
an e
xcha
nge
verb
alco
mm
ents
as
if th
ey w
ere
in th
e sa
me
room
hav
ing
a fa
ce-t
o-fa
ce c
onfe
renc
e. A
tele
conf
eren
ce n
eed
not h
ave
visu
al c
omm
unic
atio
ns in
add
ition
toau
dio
com
mun
icat
ions
, but
mod
ern
tech
nolo
gy n
ow m
akes
it p
ossi
ble
to s
ee c
onfe
renc
e m
embe
rs o
n m
onito
r sc
reen
s or
tele
visi
on s
cree
ns.
File
man
agem
ent-
Prov
ides
fun
ctio
ns to
del
ete,
cop
y, m
ove,
ren
ame,
vie
w f
iles,
and
man
age
dire
ctor
ies
or f
olde
rs.
Net
wor
king
Sys
tem
sL
AN
, WA
N, I
ntra
net,
Inte
rnet
Dat
a fi
les-
A d
ata
file
. Wha
teve
r yo
u cr
eate
with
an
appl
icat
ion,
incl
udin
g in
form
atio
n yo
u ty
pe, e
dit,
view
, or
save
. A d
ocum
ent m
ay b
e a
busi
ness
repo
rt, a
pict
ure,
or
a le
tter
and
is s
tore
d as
a f
ile o
n a
disk
.Pr
ogra
m f
iles-
On
a PC
, an
exec
utab
le f
ile th
at s
tart
s an
app
licat
ion
or p
rogr
am. A
pro
gram
file
has
an
.EX
E, .
PIF,
.CO
M, o
r .B
AT
file
nam
eex
tens
ion.
Nev
ada
Com
pute
r an
d T
echn
olog
y E
duca
tion
Stan
dard
sM
arch
200
0Pa
ge 5
of
12
Res
earc
h T
ools
Con
tent
Sta
ndar
d 3.
0: S
tude
nts
use
vari
ous
tech
nolo
gy to
ols
to r
esea
rch
info
rmat
ion
and
eval
uate
its
accu
racy
and
app
ropr
iate
ness
in o
rder
to s
olve
pro
blem
san
d m
ake
deci
sion
s.
By
the
end
of G
rade
3st
uden
ts k
now
and
are
able
to d
o:
By
the
end
of G
rade
5 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
By
the
end
of G
rade
8 s
tude
Ys
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
I
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
II
By
the
end
of G
rade
12
stud
ents
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ngre
quir
ed in
pre
viou
s gr
ades
and
:
3.3.
1Se
lect
a r
esea
rch
topi
c or
defi
ne a
pro
blem
usi
ngte
chno
logy
tool
s.
3.5.
1Se
lect
a r
esea
rch
topi
c or
def
ine
a pr
oble
m a
nd p
redi
ct o
utco
mes
usin
g te
chno
logy
tool
s.
3.8.
1Se
lect
a r
esea
rch
topi
c or
ast
atem
ent o
f a
prob
lem
iden
tifyi
ng it
s el
emen
ts, i
tssc
ope,
and
the
expe
cted
outc
omes
usi
ng te
chno
logy
tool
s.
3.12
.1In
depe
nden
tly id
entif
y a
rese
arch
topi
c or
sta
te a
pro
blem
that
cle
arly
iden
tifie
s its
ele
men
ts, i
ts s
cope
, and
the
expe
cted
out
com
es u
sing
tech
nolo
gy to
ols.
Def
ine
aPr
oble
m
3.5.
2G
ener
ate
keyw
ords
for
are
sear
ch to
pic
or p
robl
em.
3.8.
2G
ener
ate
a lis
t of
keyw
ords
for
a re
sear
ch to
pic
or p
robl
em a
ndco
nduc
t a s
earc
h of
ele
ctro
nic-
base
d so
urce
s.
3.12
.2G
ener
ate
a lis
t of
keyw
ords
for
are
sear
ch to
pic
or p
robl
em w
ithqu
alif
ying
mod
ifie
rs a
nd c
ondu
ct a
sear
ch o
f el
ectr
onic
-bas
ed s
ourc
es.
Key
wor
dsan
d So
urce
s
3.3.
3Se
lect
info
rmat
ion
for
are
sear
ch to
pic
orpr
oble
m f
rom
a r
emot
ere
sour
ce.
3.5.
3Se
lect
info
rmat
ion
from
ava
riet
y of
rem
ote
reso
urce
s fo
ra
rese
arch
topi
c or
pro
blem
expl
orin
g hy
perl
inks
.
3.8.
3Se
lect
and
eva
luat
e in
form
atio
nfr
om a
var
iety
of
rem
ote
reso
urce
s fo
r a
rese
arch
topi
c or
prob
lem
exp
lori
ng h
yper
links
.
3.12
.3U
tiliz
ing
diff
eren
t sea
rch
stra
tegi
es,
cond
uct r
esea
rch
usin
g hy
perl
inks
tose
lect
info
rmat
ion
for
a sp
ecif
icto
pic
or p
robl
em.
Info
rmat
ion
Lin
ks
Qua
lifyi
ng m
odif
iers
- W
ords
or
sym
bols
use
d to
def
ine
or li
mit
the
resu
lts o
f a
sear
ch.
Hyp
erlin
ks-
A s
ectio
n of
text
or
grap
hic
that
whe
n cl
icke
d, w
ill ta
ke y
ou to
ano
ther
are
a of
a s
ervi
ce o
r W
eb P
age.
Mos
t Int
erne
tSe
rvic
e Pr
ovid
ers
supp
ort h
yper
links
in b
row
sers
, Ins
tant
Mes
sage
s an
d E
-Mai
l. T
hey
are
quite
hel
pful
for
thos
e no
t exp
erie
nced
in a
ddre
sses
to r
oute
to w
here
they
nee
d to
be.
The
se a
re o
ften
cal
led
just
link
s fo
r sh
ort.
Lin
ks c
an c
arry
you
to a
dif
fere
nt s
ite, o
ther
text
on
the
sam
esi
te o
r a
spec
ific
are
a of
a s
peci
fic
site
,di
rect
ly to
spe
cifi
c ta
rget
of
text
or
grap
hics
.R
emot
e re
sour
ce-
Res
ourc
es n
ot lo
cate
d on
the
user
's m
achi
ne. T
he r
esou
rces
may
be
loca
ted
on a
noth
er m
achi
ne/s
erve
r at
the
sam
e lo
catio
n or
the
reso
urce
sm
ay b
e lo
cate
d on
the
Inte
rnet
.
Nev
ada
Com
pute
r an
d T
echn
olog
y E
duca
tion
Stan
dard
sM
arch
200
0Pa
ge 6
of
12
By
the
end
of G
rade
3st
uden
ts k
now
and
are
able
to d
o:
By
the
end
of G
rade
5 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
By
the
end
of G
rade
8 s
tude
ngkn
ow a
nd a
re a
ble
to d
oI
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
11
By
the
end
of G
rade
12
stud
ents
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ngre
quir
ed in
pre
viou
s gr
ades
and
:
3.3.
4Id
entif
y an
d ex
amin
eor
gani
zatio
nal f
orm
ats
usin
g a
tech
nolo
gy to
olto
arr
ange
info
rmat
ion.
3.5.
4U
se a
n or
gani
zatio
nal f
orm
at to
arra
nge
info
rmat
ion
for
pres
enta
tion
or d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing.
3.8.
4U
se a
n or
gani
zatio
nal f
orm
at to
arra
nge
info
rmat
ion
for
pres
enta
tion
or d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing.
3.12
.4O
rgan
ize
info
rmat
ion
logi
cally
for
pres
enta
tion
or d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing.
Org
aniz
atio
n
3.5.
5D
emon
stra
te a
n un
ders
tand
ing
of in
telle
ctua
l pro
pert
y an
did
entif
y so
urce
and
con
tent
of
info
rmat
ion
colle
cted
.
3.8.
5C
heck
col
lect
ed in
form
atio
n fo
rre
liabi
lity,
aut
hent
icity
, and
timel
ines
s, c
iting
sou
rces
of
copy
righ
ted
mat
eria
ls in
pap
ers,
proj
ects
, and
mul
ti-m
edia
pres
enta
tions
.
3.12
.5C
ompa
re a
nd c
ontr
ast c
olle
cted
info
rmat
ion
to v
alid
ate
itsre
liabi
lity,
aut
hent
icity
, and
timel
ines
s.
Eva
luat
ion
3.5.
6G
ener
ate
a lis
t of
sour
ces.
3.8.
6G
ener
ate
a bi
blio
grap
hy.
3.12
.6D
emon
stra
te th
e ab
ility
to d
ocum
ent
all s
ourc
es u
sing
an
acce
pted
stan
dard
cita
tion
form
at.
Cita
tion
3.5.
7Su
mm
ariz
e an
d sh
are
the
rese
arch
pro
cess
and
its
outc
ome.
3.12
.7G
iven
a r
ubri
c, e
valu
ate
the
rese
arch
proc
ess
and
its o
utco
me.
Eva
luat
ion
ofR
esul
ts
Org
aniz
atio
nal f
orm
ats-
Out
lines
, Ven
n di
agra
ms,
web
map
ping
, flo
w c
hart
s or
any
oth
er s
chem
atic
use
d to
org
aniz
e in
form
atio
n.V
enn
diag
ram
s-A
pic
tori
al r
epre
sent
atio
n us
ing
circ
les
and
squa
res
so p
ositi
oned
as
to r
epre
sent
an
oper
atio
n in
set
theo
ry. A
gra
ph th
at e
mpl
oys
circ
les
tore
pres
ent l
ogic
al r
elat
ions
by
the
incl
usio
n, e
xclu
sion
, or
inte
rsec
tion
of th
e ci
rcle
s.
Nev
ada
Com
pute
r an
d T
echn
olog
y E
duca
tion
Stan
dard
sM
arch
200
0Pa
ge 7
of
12
Too
ls a
nd P
roce
sses
Con
tent
Sta
ndar
d 4.
0: S
tude
nts
will
iden
tify,
app
ly c
once
pts,
and
man
age
vari
ous
tool
s an
d re
sour
ces
to e
valu
ate
thei
r ac
cura
cy a
nd a
ppro
pria
tene
ss in
sol
ving
prob
lem
s an
d m
akin
g de
cisi
ons.
By
the
end
of G
rade
3st
uden
ts k
now
and
are
able
to:
By
the
end
of G
rade
5 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
By
the
end
of G
rade
8 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
11
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
ll
By
the
end
of G
rade
12
stud
ents
kno
w a
nd a
re a
ble
to d
o ev
eryt
hing
req
uire
din
pre
viou
s gr
ades
and
:
4.3.
14.
5.1
4.8.
14.
12.1
Kno
wle
dge
Iden
tify
the
Rec
ogni
ze th
at te
chno
logi
cal
Exp
lain
how
tech
nolo
gy s
kills
Ana
lyze
how
the
appr
opri
aten
ess
and
uses
of r
esou
rces
and
tool
s in
tech
nolo
gy b
ased
activ
ities
.
reso
urce
s in
clud
e pe
ople
,in
form
atio
n, m
ater
ials
,m
achi
nes,
ene
rgy,
cap
ital,
and
time.
and
tool
s en
hanc
e pr
oduc
tivity
in c
reat
ing
proj
ects
, bui
ldin
gpr
otot
ypes
and
mod
elin
g. (
e.g.
,m
easu
ring
, sha
ping
, for
min
gan
d fa
sten
ing
mat
eria
ls)
deve
lopm
ent o
f ne
w to
ols,
mat
eria
ls, a
nd p
roce
sses
isne
cess
ary
to m
aint
ain
and
impr
ove
high
pro
duct
ivity
and
qual
ity.
4.3.
24.
5.2
4.8.
24.
12.2
Proc
ess
Sele
ct a
nd u
se a
pplic
able
tool
s fo
r ta
sks.
Em
ploy
tool
s an
d m
ater
ials
tode
sign
or
deve
lop
prod
ucts
or
Use
tool
s, in
stru
men
tatio
n,eq
uipm
ent,
mat
eria
ls, a
ndU
se to
ols
to d
esig
n an
d/or
crea
te s
olut
ions
that
are
proj
ects
.pr
oces
ses
to m
ake
desi
gns,
sim
ulat
ions
, and
pro
toty
pes.
func
tiona
l, ae
sthe
tical
lypl
easi
ng, d
emon
stra
tequ
ality
, and
hav
e va
lue
grea
ter
than
the
inve
stm
ent
of ti
me,
ene
rgy,
eff
ort,
and
othe
r re
sour
ces.
Tec
hnol
ogy-
Hum
an in
nova
tion
in a
ctio
n. I
t inv
olve
s th
e ge
nera
tion
of k
now
ledg
e an
d pr
oces
ses
to d
evel
op s
yste
ms
that
sol
ve p
robl
ems
and
exte
nd h
uman
capa
bilit
ies.
(IT
EA
) T
he u
se o
f ac
cum
ulat
ed k
now
ledg
e to
pro
cess
res
ourc
es to
sat
isfy
hum
an n
eeds
and
wan
ts. (
Hac
ker)
Res
ourc
es-
The
thin
gs n
eede
d to
get
a jo
b do
ne. I
n a
tech
nica
l sys
tem
the
seve
n ty
pes
of r
esou
rces
are
peo
ple,
info
rmat
ion,
mat
eria
ls, t
ools
and
mac
hine
s,en
ergy
, cap
ital,
and
time.
Prot
otyp
e- A
wor
king
mod
el o
f a
new
pro
duct
, int
ende
d to
test
its
oper
atio
n. (
Wri
ght)
Nev
ada
Com
pute
r an
d T
echn
olog
y E
duca
tion
Stan
dard
sM
arch
200
0Pa
ge 8
of
12
By
the
end
of G
rade
3st
uden
ts k
now
and
are
able
to:
By
the
end
of G
rade
5 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
By
the
end
of G
rade
8 s
tude
nth
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
1
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
II
By
the
end
of G
rade
12
stud
ents
kno
w a
nd a
re a
ble
to d
o ev
eryt
hing
req
uire
din
pre
viou
s gr
ades
and
:
4.3.
34.
5.3
4.8.
34.
12.3
Safe
tyR
ecog
nize
the
impo
rtan
ceD
emon
stra
te th
e im
port
ance
of
Com
pare
and
con
tras
t the
saf
eE
valu
ate
the
avai
labl
e to
ols
of s
afet
y in
com
pute
r an
dsa
fety
and
eas
e of
use
inus
e of
tech
nolo
gy to
ols,
han
dan
d se
lect
the
appr
opri
ate
tech
nolo
gy a
pplic
atio
ns.
sele
ctin
g ap
prop
riat
e to
ols.
and
pow
er to
ols,
pro
cess
es, a
ndm
ater
ials
in d
iver
se c
ompu
ter
and
tech
nolo
gy a
pplic
atio
ns.
tool
and
pro
cess
that
wou
ldsa
fely
acc
ompl
ish
the
task
.
4.3.
44.
5.4
4.8.
44.
12.4
Tro
uble
-sho
otin
gW
ith te
ache
r gu
idan
ce,
reso
lve
diff
icul
ties
usin
gSo
lve
diff
icul
ties
with
tool
s or
devi
ces
to a
ccom
plis
h th
eD
emon
stra
te a
n un
ders
tand
ing
of th
e op
erat
ion
and
Eva
luat
e an
d th
en c
orre
ctno
n-fu
nctio
ning
tool
s or
dev
ices
incl
udin
gde
sire
d re
sult
incl
udin
gm
aint
enan
ce o
f te
chno
logy
tech
nolo
gyin
put d
evic
es, o
utpu
tco
mpu
ter
oper
atio
ns a
ndto
ols
such
as
hand
tool
s, p
ower
syst
em/s
ubsy
stem
are
asde
vice
s, a
nd d
evic
esre
quir
ing
conn
ectiv
ity to
succ
essf
ully
per
form
basi
c co
mpu
ter
oper
atio
ns.
reco
gniz
e ba
sic
oper
atio
nal
prob
lem
s, s
uch
as p
rint
er ja
ms,
and
poss
ible
sol
utio
ns.
tool
s, la
sers
, hyd
raul
ics,
pneu
mat
ics,
ele
ctro
nics
,ha
rdw
are,
sof
twar
e, C
NC
mac
hine
s, c
ompu
ters
, rob
otic
s,an
d fi
ber
optic
s.
need
ed to
acc
ompl
ish
requ
ired
task
s.
Dev
ices
- T
hing
s us
ed o
r co
nstr
ucte
d fo
r pa
rtic
ular
pur
pose
s su
ch a
s m
achi
nes
to p
erfo
rm o
ne o
r m
ore
rela
tivel
y si
mpl
e ta
sks.
(A
mer
ican
Her
itage
Dic
tiona
ry)
Inpu
t Dev
ices
- Pe
riph
eral
dev
ices
that
ent
er d
ata
into
the
com
pute
r, s
uch
as a
key
boar
d, s
cann
er, m
ouse
, or
digi
tizer
tabl
et.
Out
put D
evic
es-A
ny p
erip
hera
ls th
at tr
ansf
er o
r tr
ansm
it da
ta f
rom
the
com
pute
r, s
uch
as s
cree
n, p
rint
er, o
r co
mm
unic
atio
ns li
ne.
CN
C M
achi
nes-
Com
pute
r nu
mer
ical
con
trol
(m
achi
nes
that
mig
ht b
e us
ed to
con
trol
ano
ther
mac
hine
suc
h as
a r
obot
ic a
rm)
Nev
ada
Com
pute
r an
d T
echn
olog
y E
duca
tion
Stan
dard
sM
arch
200
0Pa
ge 9
of
12
Syst
ems
Con
tent
Sta
ndar
d 5.
0: S
tude
nts
will
rec
ogni
ze th
at s
yste
ms
are
mad
e up
of
indi
vidu
al c
ompo
nent
s an
d th
at e
ach
com
pone
nt a
ffec
ts th
e op
erat
ion
of th
e sy
stem
and
its r
elat
ions
hip
with
oth
er s
yste
ms.
By
the
end
of G
rade
3st
uden
ts k
now
and
are
able
to:
By
the
end
of G
rade
5 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
By
the
end
of G
rade
8 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
1
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
11
By
the
end
of G
rade
12
stud
ents
kno
w a
nd a
re a
ble
to d
o ev
eryt
hing
req
uire
din
pre
viou
s gr
ades
and
:
5.3.
1D
efin
e a
syst
em.
5.5.
1E
xpla
in o
pen,
clo
sed,
sim
ple,
com
plex
, mic
ro a
nd m
acro
syst
ems.
5.8.
1In
terp
ret r
esou
rces
that
are
esse
ntia
l and
thos
e th
at m
ust b
eus
ed e
ffec
tivel
y to
pro
duce
ade
sire
d ou
tcom
e, a
nd o
utpu
tfr
om o
ne s
yste
m m
ay b
e in
put
to a
noth
er s
yste
m.
5.12
.1In
terp
ret t
he w
ays
tech
nolo
gica
l sys
tem
s ha
veev
olve
d an
d w
ill c
ontin
ueto
evo
lve
to s
atis
fy h
uman
need
s an
d de
sire
s.
Kno
wle
dge
5.3.
2Id
entif
y th
e pa
rts
of a
syst
em a
nd e
xpla
in h
owth
e pa
rts
wor
king
toge
ther
allo
w th
e sy
stem
to d
oth
ings
the
indi
vidu
al p
arts
are
unab
le to
do
alon
e(e
.g.,
com
pone
nts
of a
com
pute
r sy
stem
).
5.5.
2E
xpla
in h
ow s
yste
ms
depe
ndon
a v
arie
ty o
f re
sour
ces
topr
oduc
e a
desi
rabl
e ou
tcom
e(e
.g.,
com
pute
r in
form
atio
npr
oces
sing
cyc
le).
5.8.
2D
iffe
rent
iate
am
ong
vari
ous
syst
ems,
exp
lain
cap
abili
ties
and
limita
tions
, and
iden
tify
the
way
s in
whi
ch th
ey a
reco
ntro
lled
to p
rodu
ce a
des
ired
outc
ome
(e.g
., lim
itatio
ns o
f th
eco
mpo
nent
s of
a c
ompu
ter
syst
em).
5.12
.2D
emon
stra
te h
ow s
yste
ms
are
plan
ned,
org
aniz
ed,
desi
gned
, bui
lt, a
ndco
ntro
lled.
Proc
ess
5.3.
3Id
entif
y an
d ca
tego
rize
syst
ems
that
pro
vide
foo
d,cl
othi
ng, s
helte
r,en
tert
ainm
ent,
com
mun
icat
ions
, hea
lthca
re, s
ecur
ity, a
nd o
ther
nece
ssiti
es a
nd c
omfo
rts
of li
fe.
5.5.
3C
lass
ify
syst
ems
acco
rdin
g to
type
and
leve
l. (e
.g.,
open
loop
syst
em o
r cl
osed
loop
sys
tem
,si
mpl
e or
com
plex
, and
mic
roor
mac
ro)
5.8.
3U
se a
sys
tem
to a
chie
ve a
desi
red
outc
ome
in th
e ar
eas
ofco
nstr
uctio
n, c
omm
unic
atio
n,m
anuf
actu
ring
, ene
rgy,
pow
er,
tran
spor
tatio
n, a
ndbi
otec
hnol
ogy.
5.12
.3E
valu
ate
syst
ems
mod
el(s
)in
clud
ing
the
stag
es o
fin
put,
proc
esse
s, o
utpu
t,fe
edba
ck, a
ndco
nseq
uenc
es.
App
licat
ion
Out
put-
The
res
ults
, goo
d an
d ba
d, o
f th
e op
erat
ion
of a
ny s
yste
m. (
Wri
ght)
Inpu
t- S
omet
hing
put
into
a s
yste
m o
r ex
pend
ed in
its
oper
atio
n to
ach
ieve
a r
esul
t or
outp
ut. (
Am
eric
an H
erita
ge D
ictio
nary
)O
pen
loop
sys
tem
- A
sys
tem
that
doe
s no
t use
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
out
put t
o af
fect
the
proc
ess.
Clo
sed
loop
sys
tem
- A
sys
tem
that
use
s fe
edba
ck to
aff
ect t
he p
roce
ss.
Mod
el-
The
test
ing
of a
pro
blem
sol
utio
n or
a s
yste
m it
self
. (H
acke
r)
Feed
back
- T
he r
etur
n of
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
res
ult o
f a
proc
ess.
(A
mer
ican
Her
itage
Dic
tiona
ry)
Nev
ada
Com
pute
r an
d T
echn
olog
y E
duca
tion
Stan
dard
sM
arch
200
0Pa
ge 1
0 of
12
Impl
icat
ions
on
Soci
ety
Con
tent
Sta
ndar
d 6.
0: S
tude
nts
will
eva
luat
e th
e im
pact
and
eth
ical
impl
icat
ions
on
indi
vidu
als,
soc
iety
and
the
envi
ronm
ent.
By
the
end
of G
rade
3st
uden
ts k
now
and
are
able
to:
By
the
end
of G
rade
5 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
By
the
end
of G
rade
8 s
tude
ngkn
ow a
nd a
re a
ble
to d
oev
eryt
hing
req
uire
d in
pre
viou
grad
es a
nd:
II
By
the
end
of G
rade
12
stud
ents
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
6.3.
1D
escr
ibe
how
tech
nolo
gyis
use
d in
dai
ly a
ctiv
ities
to m
eet p
erso
nal n
eeds
.D
escr
ibe
com
pute
r pi
racy
and
the
pers
onal
cons
eque
nces
of
inap
prop
riat
e us
e.
6.5.
1E
xam
ine
prod
ucts
and
com
mun
icat
e ho
w th
at p
rodu
ctso
lved
a h
uman
nee
d or
wan
t.
6.8.
1Pr
actic
e le
gal a
nd e
thic
albe
havi
ors
whe
n us
ing
info
rmat
ion
and
tech
nolo
gy.
Dis
cuss
the
cons
eque
nces
of
mis
use
on s
ocie
ty a
nd th
een
viro
nmen
t.
6.12
.1A
naly
ze th
e im
pact
of
new
and
impr
oved
pro
duct
s an
d se
rvic
eson
the
qual
ity o
f lif
e.
Kno
wle
dge
and
Eth
ics
6.3.
2Pr
actic
e et
ique
tte u
sing
tech
nolo
gy. D
escr
ibe
chan
ges
in th
e lo
cal
com
mun
ity b
ecau
se o
fte
chno
logy
.
6.5.
2E
xpla
in h
ow p
hysi
cal
envi
ronm
ents
are
cha
nged
by
tech
nolo
gica
l dev
elop
men
ts.
6.8.
2E
valu
ate
the
effe
ct te
chno
logy
has
on s
ocie
ty a
nd th
een
viro
nmen
t.
6.12
.2A
naly
ze h
ow th
e ef
fect
s of
agi
ven
tech
nolo
gy m
ay b
eun
acce
ptab
le u
nder
a c
erta
in s
etof
cir
cum
stan
ces,
but
acc
epta
ble
unde
r an
othe
r se
t of
circ
umst
ance
s.
App
licat
ion
and
Ele
ctro
nic
Com
mun
icat
ion
6.5.
3D
escr
ibe
the
rela
tions
hip
betw
een
care
ers
and
tech
nolo
gica
l dev
elop
men
ts.
6.8.
3E
xam
ine
the
role
of
tech
nolo
gyin
the
wor
kpla
ce a
nd e
xplo
reca
reer
s th
at u
se te
chno
logy
.
6.12
.3R
esea
rch
and
sele
ct a
car
eer
choi
ce, d
evel
op a
car
eer
plan
,an
d se
lect
the
cour
ses/
prog
ram
for
entr
y-le
vel s
kills
. (e.
g.C
aree
r In
form
atio
n Sy
stem
)
Car
eers
Nev
ada
Com
pute
r an
d T
echn
olog
y E
duca
tion
Stan
dard
sM
arch
200
0Pa
ge 1
1 of
12
By
the
end
of G
rade
3st
uden
ts k
now
and
are
able
to:
By
the
end
of G
rade
5 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
By
the
end
of G
rade
8 s
tude
nts
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
es a
nd:
IfI
By
the
end
of G
rade
12
stud
ents
know
and
are
abl
e to
do
ever
ythi
ng r
equi
red
in p
revi
ous
grad
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Performance Level Descriptors
Computer and Technology Education Standards
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 1 of 36
19
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 3
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000
20Page 2 of 36
Content Standard 2.0 Productivity Tools: Students use appropriate productivity tools including but
not limited to word processing, spreadsheet, database, multimedia and
telecommunications.
Exceeds Locate and use letters, numbers, and special keys on a keyboard using the
Standard correct finger placement with speed and accuracy.
Compose and edit a word-processing document.
Independently searches a database for information.
Modify formulas in a pre-designed spreadsheet. (Fields and formulas are
already entered into the database and spreadsheet.)
Create a multimedia document using text, graphics and sound.
Organize, create, and save files on various storage media.
Identify and use devices that require connectivity.
Explain the uses of electronic communication devices.
Explain the differences between a network and a stand-alone computer
system.
Meets Locate and use letters, numbers, and special keys on a keyboard using the
Standard left and right hand as appropriate.
Type and edit an existing document.
Search a database to locate specific information.
Utilize a pre-designed spreadsheet to enter simple labels, values andformulas. Grade appropriate formulas would be three cell (e.g.2+2=4).
Use multimedia software.
Explain the purpose of a multimedia presentation.
Create and save files on various storage media.
Identify the differences between a network and a stand-alone computer
system.
Identify a variety of electronic communication devices.
Approaches Occasionally locate and use letters, numbers, and special keys on a
Standard keyboard using the left or right hand as appropriate.
Attempts to type and edit an existing document.
Requires assistance to search a database to locate specific information.
Requires assistance to enter data into a spreadsheet.
Demonstrates limited knowledge of multimedia or of a multimedia
presentation.
Has difficulty identifying devices that require connectivity.
Create and save files on various storage media with direction.
Shows limited knowledge of the differences between a network and a
stand-alone computer system.
Unable to identify more than one electronic communication device.
Below Infrequently able to locate letters, numbers, and special keys on the
Standard keyboard using the right or left hand as appropriate.
Unable to type and edit an existing document.
Unable to search a database to locate specific information.
Unable to utilize a pre-designed spreadsheet.
Shows little or no knowledge of multimedia,or of a multimedia
presentation.
Cannot identify devices that require connectivity.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000
21 BEST COPY AVAILABLE
Page 3 of 36
Unable to create and save files on storage media.
Unable to identify the differences between a network and a stand-alone
computer system.
Unable to identify any electronic communication devices.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 4 of 36
22
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 3
Content Standard 3.0 Research Tools: Students use various technology tools to research information
and evaluate its accuracy and appropriateness in order to solve problems and
make decisions.
Exceeds Contributes multiple ideas for topic or definition of problem.
Standard Generates ideas to lead group selection of research materials.Can identify an organizational tool and can independently placeinformation within the format.
Meets Contributes an idea for topic or definition of problem.
Standard Works within a group to successfully select research materials.Can identify an organizational tool and place information within the format.
Approaches Participates but ideas are not applicable and is unable to select a topic or
Standard define a problem.Works within a group but makes minimal contribution to collect researchmaterials.Recognizes an informational tool, but misplaces some information.
Below Does not participate with the group and cannot select a topic or define a
Standard problem.Distracts group work. Unable to contribute to task.Does not recognize organizational tools and cannot place informationwithin a format.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 5 of 36
23 BEST COPYAVALABLE
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 3
Content Standard 4.0
Exceeds
Standards
Tools and Processes: Students will identify, apply concepts, and manage various
tools and resources to evaluate their accuracy and appropriateness in solving
problems and making decisions.
Demonstrates the tools and resources as used in computers and technology.
Always selects and manipulates tools for tasks in computer and technology areas.
Models the importance of safety while in computers and technology.
Inde eendentl resolves difficulties usin! tools or devices.
Meets Identifies tools and resources as used in computers and technology.
Standards Regularly selects and manipulates tools for tasks in computer and technology
areas.
Demonstrates the importance of safety while in computers and technology.
With .uided ractice, re:. larl resolves difficulties usin. tools or devices.
Approaches Seldom identifies the tools and resources as used in computers and technology.
Standards Seldom selects and manipulates tools for tasks in computer and technology areas.
Seldom demonstrates the importance of safety while in computer and technology
areas.
With .uided ractice, seldom resolves difficulties usin: tools or devices.
Below Fails to identify the tools and resources as used in computers and technology.
Standard Fails to select and manipulates tools for tasks in computer and technology areas.
Fails to demonstrate the importance of safety while in computer and technology
areas.
With uided ractice, fails to resolve difficulties usin: tools or devices.
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Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 6 of 36
24
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 3
Content Standard 5.0 Systems: Students will recognize that systems are made up of individual
components and that each component affects the operation of the system and
its relationship with other systems.
Exceeds Distinguish between an open and closed loop system.
Standards Create a model to demonstrate how the parts of a system work together to
achieve the desired outcome.
Model the relationships among technological systems. (i.e. construction,
communications, energy, power, transportation, biotechnology, and
manufacturin:
Meets List the parts of an open and closed loop system.
Standards Given a system, explain how the parts of a system work together to
achieve the desired outcome.
List and group technological systems. (i.e. construction, communications,
ener. , sower, transortation, biotechnolo. , and manufacturin:
Approaches Recognizes that there are systems.
Standards Recognizes some parts of a system but is unable to explain how they work
together.
With assistance, list and group technological systems. (i.e. construction,
communications, energy, power, transportation, biotechnology, and
manufacturin. .
Below Unable to recognize systems.
Standard Does not recognize the parts of a system:
Unable to list and group technological systems. (i.e. construction,
communications, energy, power, transportation, biotechnology, and
manufacturin:
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Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 7 of 36
25
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 3
Content Standard 6.0 Implications On Society: Students will evaluate the impact and ethicalimplication on individuals, society and the environment.
Exceeds
Standards
Differentiate the common uses of technology in daily life and explain
some of the advantages and disadvantages they provide.
Describe changes around the school and the community as a result of
technology.
Independently list several careers that exist today that were not in
existence when the student was born.
Investigate how physical environments are changed by human activity
through technology.
MeetsStandards
Discuss common uses of technology in daily life and the advantages anddisadvantages those uses provide.
Explain computer piracy and its implications.
Uses proper etiquette when using electronic communications.
List changes around the school and in the community as a result of
technology.
With teacher help, list several careers that exist today that were not inexistence when the student was born.
Explains how physical environments are changed by human activity
through technology
ApproachesStandards
Attempts to recognize and identify technological products that are used in
daily life.
Tries to explain how physical environments are changed by humanactivity through technology.
With teacher help, has difficulty listing careers that exist today that were
not in existence when the student was born.
Below
Standard
Unable to recognize and identify technological products that are used in
daily life.
Fails to identify how physical environments are changed by humanactivity through technology.
With teacher help, cannot list careers that exist today that were not inexistence when the student was born.
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Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000
2S
Page 8 of 36
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 5
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 9 of 36
27
Content Standard 2.0
ExceedsStandard
Productivity Tools: Students use appropriate productivity tools including but
not limited to word processing, spreadsheet, database, multimedia and
telecommunications.
Demonstrate and use correct finger placement for basic keyboarding skills
with sped and accuracy
Composes and edits a word processing document.
Includes multiple graphics in a word processing document.
Create a unique database.
Independently develops a useful spreadsheet.
Creates a multi-page, multimedia document or presentation including text,
graphics and sound to organize and present an idea.
Effectively use the file management software of a computer to copy, move,
rename and delete files.
Unable to identify a LAN.
Unable to explain the uses of electronic communication device.
Cannot distinguish between distance learning, telecommuting and
teleconferencing.
Explain benefits of a LAN and a WAN.
Effectively use an electronic communication device.
Compare and contrast the uses of distance learning, telecommuting and
teleconferencing.
Meets
Standard
Demonstrate and use correct finger placement for basic keyboarding skills.
Use basic formatting techniques such as font selection, size and color.
Use tools such as spell-check to edit a composed document.
Include a graphic in a document.
Print a document.
Create a database using predefined fields. (Fields and formulas are listed
for entry in a database and spreadsheet.)
Enter data for multiple records.
Print reports based on sort and query. (A search for certain criteria in aspecified field.)
Construct a guided spreadsheet.
Create a multimedia document or presentation using text, graphics and/or
sound to organize and present an idea.
Describe and use the file management software of a computer.
Explain the differences between data files, program files, and operating
system files.
Describe access privileges and demonstrate the process where possible.
Identifies a LAN.
Explain the uses of electronic communication device.
Define distance learning, telecommuting and teleconferencing.
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Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000
28
Page 10 of 36
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 5 (Standard 2.0 continued)
ApproachesStandard
Demonstrate and use correct finger placement for basic keyboarding skills
with limited accuracy.
Demonstrates limited word processing abilities.
Sporadically uses database.
Requires assistance to use a spreadsheet.
May require some assistance to include two out of the three required
components for a multimedia project or presentation to organize and
present an idea.
Has limited file management skills.
Explains the differences between data files and program files.
Has limited success with access privileges and demonstrating the process
where possible.
Inconsistently identifies a LAN.
Limited ability to define the uses of electronic communication device.
Has limited knowledge of distance learning, telecommuting and
teleconferencing.
Below Unable to use correct finger placement for basic keyboarding skills.
Standard Demonstrates little or no word processing abilities.
Unable to use a database.
Unable to use a spreadsheet.
Unable to create a multimedia project or presentation to organize and
present an idea.
Unable to use file management software of a computer.
Unable to explain the differences between data files, program files, and
operating files.
Unable to describe access privileges and cannot demonstrate the process
Unable to identify a LAN.
Unable to explain the uses of electronic communication device.
Cannot distinguish between distance learning, telecommuting and
teleconferencing.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 11 of 36
29
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 5
Content Standard 3.0
ExceedsStandard
MeetsStandard
Research Tools: Students use various technology tools to research information
and evaluate its accuracy and appropriateness in order to solve problems and
make decisions.With minimal assistance, individually select a research topic or define aproblem giving a possible outcome and listing available technology-basedtools to be used.With minimal direction, generates a substantial list of keywords to conductsearch(s).With minimal direction, use hyperlinks to collect information useful to theresearch of a topic or problem.Can identify an organizational tool and independently place informationwithin the format and recognize that there may be more than one way toorganize information.Can evaluate and integrate sources and content of information selectedfrom various electronic media.Independently generates extensive list of sources used.Indesendentl summarize the research rocess and evaluate the outcome.
With teacher or media specialist direction, individually select a research
topic or define a problem giving a possible outcome and listing available
technology tools to be used.
With teacher or media specialist direction, generates a list of keywords to
conduct an electronic search.With teacher or media specialist help, explore hyperlinks to select and
evaluate information useful to the research of a topic or problem.
Can help group identify an organizational tool and place information within
the format.
Can demonstrate an understanding of intellectual property and identify
source and content of information collected.
Collaboratively lists sources used.
With teacher or media specialist assistance summarize the research process
and evaluate its outcome.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 12 of 36
30
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 5 (Standard 3.0 continued)
ApproachesStandard
With extensive direction, individually select a research topic or define a
problem giving a possible outcome and listing available technology-based
tools to be used.
With extensive direction, generates a minimal list of keywords to conduct a
search.
With extensive direction, explore the hyperlinks to collect information
useful to the research or a topic or problem.
Works within a group, but makes minimal contributions in placing
information within an organizational structure.
Some difficulty determining content and sources from electronic media.
Incomplete list of sources used.
With extensive assistance, summarize the research process and evaluate its
outcome.
Below Cannot individually select a research topic or define a problem giving a
Standard possible outcome and listing available technology-based tools to be used.
Generates ineffective keyword list resulting in unsuccessful search.
Unable to understand or use non-linear hyperlinks to find information.
Unable to organize information within a group.
Cannot incorporate sources and content while accessing electronic media.
Does not list sources.
Cannot summarize the research process or evaluate its outcome.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 13 of 36
31
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 5
Content Standard 4.0 Tools and Processes: Students will identify, apply concepts, and manage various
tools and resources to evaluate their accuracy and appropriateness in solvingproblems and making decisions.
Exceeds Explains that technological resources include people, information, materials,machines, energy, effort, capital, and time.
Standards Skillfully demonstrates the use of tools and materials to design/develop
products/projects.
Models the safe use of tools.
Independently identify situations where incorrect, inoperable, or inappropriate
tools are bein. used and take a ..rosriate actions.
Meets Lists the technological resources. (e.g., people, information, materials,machines, energy, effort, capital, and time)
Standards Demonstrates the use of tools and materials to design/develop products/projects.
Selects and demonstrates the safe use of tools.
Identify situations where incorrect, inoperable, or inappropriate tools are being
used and coo . erativel take a . Br° oriate actions.
ApproachesStandards
Recognizes from a list the technological resources. (e.g., people, information,materials, machines, energy, effort, capital, and time)
Attempts to demonstrate some of the tools and materials used to design/develop
products/projects.
Requires guidance while selecting and using tools safely.
Needs guidance to identify situations where incorrect, inoperable, or
inassrooriate tools are bein. used.
Below Unable to list the technological resources. (e.g., people, information, materials,machines, energy, effort, capital, and time)
Standard Does not demonstrate the use of tools and materials to design/develop products.
Fails to select and use tools safely.
Even with teacher supervision is unable to identify situations where incorrect,
inoperable, or inappropriate tools are being used.
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Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 14 of 36
32
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 5
Content Standard 5.0 Systems: Students will recognize that systems are made up of individual
components and that each component affects the operation of the system and
its relationship with other systems.
Exceeds Distinguish among open, closed, simple, complex, micro and macrosystems.
Standards Independently identifies resources necessary to operate a system to
achieve a desired outcome.
Create a model illustratin: the se and level of a chosen s stem.
Meets List the parts of open, closed, simple, complex, micro and macro systems.
Cooperatively identifies resources necessary to operate a system toStandards
achieve a desired outcome.
Given a multitude of systems sort according to type and level. (e.g. open /
closed / macro / micro / sim le / corn . lex
Approaches With help can list the parts of open, closed, simple, complex, micro andmacro systems.
Standards Requires teacher assistance to identify resources necessary to operate asystem to achieve a desired outcome.
Re I uires hel e to sort s stems accordin. to As e and level.
Below Unable to list the parts of open, closed, simple, complex, micro and macrosystems.
Standard Inaccurately identifies resources even with assistance.
Even with assistance is unable to sort s stems accordin to e and level.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 15 of 36
33
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 5
Content Standard 6.0 Implications on Society. Students will evaluate the impact and ethicalimplication on individuals, society and the environment.
Exceeds Creates a project to meet a human need or want.
Standards Evaluates the environmental outcomes of technology.
Research and create a presentation demonstrating how a career has
evolved over time.
Explain changes in information technologies and the effect these changes
have on the workplace and society.
Meets Explain how a given object was developed to meet a human need or want.
Standards Communicates the positive or negative environmental outcomes oftechnology.
Given a career compare and contrast the technological developments
within that career.
Discusses changes in information technologies and the effect these
changes have on the workplace and society.
ApproachesStandards
Has difficulty explaining how a given object was developed to meet ahuman need or want.
Confused about the environmental impacts of technology.
With teacher assistance can compare and contrast the technological
developments within that career.
Has difficulty explaining changes in information technologies and the
effect these changes have on the workplace and society.
Below
Standard
Unable to explain how a given object was developed to meet a human
need or want.
Does not recognize environmental impacts of technology.
With teacher assistance unable to compare and contrast the technological
developments within that career.
Unable to explain changes in information technologies and the effect these
changes have on the workplace and society.
Nevada-Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000
34
Page 16 of 36
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 8
Content Standard 1.0 Problemthe
Solving: Students will utilize problem-solving processes through
use of resources to reach a desired outcome.
Exceeds Analyze and model several design/problem-solving methods.Evaluates and selects the optimal design/problem-solving method.
Standards Creates and as pro eriatel desi .ns/models an innovative a Isroach.
Meets Describes more than one design/problem-solving method.Selects an appropriate design/problem-solving method.
Standards Generate a desired outcome using a problem-solving method.
Approaches Describes a design/problem-solving method.Attempts to select a design/problem-solving method.
Standards With assistance attempts to achieve a desired outcome using a problem-solvin. method.
Below Does not describe a design/problem-solving method.Does not select a design/problem-solving method.
Standard Does not reach the desired outcome.
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Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 17 of 36
35
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 8
Content Standard 2.0 Productivity Tools: Students use appropriate productivity tools including but
not limited to word processing, spreadsheet, database, multimedia and
telecommunications.
Exceeds
Standard
MeetsStandard
Demonstrates proficiency and accuracy in keyboarding without visual
reference.
Independently composes, edits, and formats a document using a word-
processing program.
Creates a unique database that accurately interprets data.
Create several different charts from a spreadsheet to visually represent the
same data.
Present a multi-page, multimedia presentation using text, graphics, sound
and all of the following: animation, digital video and linking. (Creating a
connection between two documents or sources.)
Move, copy, rename files on a computer disk, hard drive, server, or other
storage device.
Explain knowledge of LAN connectivity through Ethernet, infrared, etc.
Strategically selects and uses the appropriate electronic communication.
Independently demonstrates knowledge by incorporating information
retrieved from remote resources into different projects.
Demonstrates connectivity to share information and resources.
Demonstrates proficiency and accuracy in keyboarding skills.
Type, edit and print a document.
Use advanced formatting techniques such as margins, line spacing and tabs.
Import graphics with appropriate placement.
Search and Replace text.
Create a database, define fields and enter data for multiple records.
Print reports based on sort and query.
Develop a spreadsheet including labels, values, formulas and functions.
Create a chart that visually represents data.
Print a spreadsheet showing the formulas.
Create a multi-page, multimedia presentation using text, graphics and
sound to effectively communicate a concept.
Organize files on a computer disk, hard drive, server, or other storage
device.
Explain how a LAN, Intranet and Internet operates versus a stand-alone
system.
Use an available electronic communication device (e-mail, fax, telephone,
and two-way radios).
Explain the advantages of connectivity to share information and resources.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 18 of 36
3.
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 8 (Standard 2.0 continued)
ApproachesStandard
Demonstrates proficiency with limited accuracy in keyboarding skills.
Inconsistently applies word processing formats.
Inconsistently imports graphics in documents.
Demonstrates a narrow or incomplete understanding of a database.
Incorrectly applies spreadsheet functions.
Has difficulty incorporating all required multimedia components that
effectively communicate a concept.
With assistance, can organize files on a computer disk, hard drive, server,
or other storage device.
Attempts to explain how a LAN operates versus a stand-alone system.
Rarely chooses the correct electronic communication.
Ineffectively incorporates retrieved information into a document.
When directed, uses connectivity to share information and resources.
Below Has limited proficiency and limited accuracy in keyboarding skills.
Standard Incorrectly applies word processing techniques.
Unable to import graphics.
Unable to create or use a database.
Unable to create or use a spreadsheet.
Demonstrate little or no skill to integrate components into multimedia
presentation to communicate a concept.
With detailed instructions, can organize files on a computer disk, hard
drive, server, or other storage device.
Insufficiently explains how a LAN operates versus a stand-alone system.
Incapable of selecting the correct electronic communication.
Requires direct supervision to use connectivity to share information and
resources.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 20 of 36
37
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 8
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 21 of 36
38
Content Standard 3.0 Researchand
make
Tools: Students use various technology tools to research information
evaluate its accuracy and appropriateness in order to solve problems and
decisions.
Exceeds With minimal assistance select a research topic or develop a statement of a
Standard problem and identify its elements, scope, and expected outcomes.
Can generate a precise list of keywords to conduct a comprehensive search
using electronic-based sources.
Successfully use hyperlinks to expand search parameters adding accurate
details to information collected.
Can select an appropriate organizational tool and accurately place collected
information within the format.
Differentiate between the various types of information and make refined
selections of most reliable, authentic and timely sources.
Compose a standard bibliography.
Meets With teacher and or media specialist assistance select a research topic orStandard develop a statement of a problem and identify its elements, scope, and
expected outcomes.
Independently generates a list of keywords to conduct a search using
electronic-based sources.Use hyperlinks to explore search possibilities when collecting information.
Can place information within an organizational format.
Demonstrates an understanding of intellectual property by citing sources ofcopyrighted materials in papers, projects and multimedia presentations.
Analyze selected information for reliability authenticity and timeliness.
In a group can contribute to generating a standard bibliography.
Approaches With extensive assistance select a research topic or develop a statement of a
Standard problem and identify its elements, scope, and expected outcomes.
Can generate a minimal list of keywords to conduct a search using
electronic-based sources.
Become distracted when exploring hyperlinks. They do not add to the
collection of information.
Can identify an organizational tool, but needs assistance to place
information within an organizational format.
Weak evaluation of collected information and choices are at times
inappropriate.
In a group contribute to generating a standard bibliography with some
errors.
Below Unable to define a research topic or develop a statement of a problem.
Standard Unable to develop an effective list of keywords to conduct a search.
Does not recognize hyperlink options/opportunities when presented.
Does not recognize organizational formats or their purpose.
All information seems of equal value. Unable to make good selections of
information.
Does not contribute to the group when generating a standard bibliography.
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39 BEST COPY AVAILAV
Page 22 of 36
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 8
Content Standard 4.0 Tools and Processes: Students will identify, apply concepts, and manage various
tools and resources to evaluate their accuracy and appropriateness in solving
problems and making decisions.
Exceeds
Standards
Predict the tools and resources needed to solve a problem in a computer or
technology area.
Skillfully models the proper use of tools, instrumentation, equipment, materials,
and processes while fabricating models, designs, simulations and prototypes.Independently compares and contrasts the safe use of tools, processes, andmaterials in diverse computer and technology applications.
Can assist others in the o , eration and maintenance of technolo! tools.
Meets List the tools and resources needed to solve a problem in a computer andtechnology area.
StandardsDemonstrate the proper use of tools, instrumentation, equipment, materials, and
processes while fabricating models, designs, simulations and prototypes.
Given a situation, can describe or define the correct use of tools, processes, andmaterials in diverse computers and technology applications.
Correct! o erates and I erforms a 8 roeriate maintenance on technolo. tools.
ApproachesStandards
Recognizes some of the tools and resources needed to solve a problem in acomputer and technology area.Has difficulty properly using tools.
Collaboratively, when given a situation, can describe or define the correct use of
tools, processes, and materials in diverse computer and technology applications.With direct teacher supervision can correct! operate technolo I tools.
Below Fails to recognize the tools and resources needed to solve a problem.
Standard Fails to use tools properly.
With teacher guidance is unable to describe or define the correct use of tools,processes, and materials in diverse computer and technology applications.
With direct teacher supervision does not operate technology tools.
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Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 24 of 36
40
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 8
Content Standard 5.0 Systems: Students will recognize that systems are made up of individual
components and that each component affects the operation of the system and
its relationship with other systems.
ExceedsStandards
Create a presentation that illustrates resources necessary to achieve a
desired outcome.
Model how one system's output could be input for another system.
Independently selects a system and determine how it is controlled to
achieve a desired outcome.
Create / modi a s stem to produce a desired outcome.
Meets List resources necessary to achieve a desired outcome.
Standards Describe how one system's output could be input for another system.Given the systems in the areas of technology, cooperatively determine
how they are controlled to achieve a desired outcome.
Select and use an a e I roiriate s stem to achieve a . iven outcome.
Approaches Inaccurately lists resources necessary to achieve a desired outcome.
Standards With help can describe how one system's output could be input for
another system.
Given a system in the areas of technology, needs a teacher to determine
hoW it is controlled to achieve a desired outcome.
Given a s stem . roduces a .tiven outcome.
Below Does not recognize resources are necessary to achieve a desired outcome.
Standard Does not understand output and input.
Does not understand the system concept.
Not able to use a given system to produce a given outcome.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 25 of 36
41
Performance Level DescriptorsTechnology Education
Grade 8
Content Standard 6.0 Implications
implication
on Society. Students will evaluate the impact and ethicalon individuals, society and the environment.
ExceedsStandards
Explains why legal and ethical behaviors are needed when using
technology.
Models how technology and its use impacts society and the environment
Independently research and create a presentation demonstrating how a
career has evolved over time.
Independently research a variety of careers and list their educationaland/or training requirements.
MeetsStandards
Practices legal and ethical behaviors when using information and
technology, and discuss consequences of misuse.
Describe how technology is affecting society and the environment.
Discuss the impact of technology on career options.
Demonstrates that people control technologies and are responsible fortheir effects.
Approaches Occasionally practices legal and ethical behaviors when using technology.
Standards States that people control technologies and are responsible for their
effects.
Attempts to and with help can research and create a presentation
demonstrating how a career has evolved over time.
Requires help to research a given career and list its educational and/or
training requirements.
Below Does not practice legal and ethical behaviors when using technology.
Standard Unable to recognize technologies' effects.
Unable to demonstrate how a career has evolved over time.
Even with help has difficulty researching a given career and listing its
educational and/or training requirements.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 26 of 36
42
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 12
Content Standard 1.0 Problem Solving: Students will utilize problem-solving processes through
the use of resources to reach a desired outcome.
Exceeds Independently analyzes a variety of problem-solving approaches.
Standards Identifies a problem and applies an optimized problem-solving method.Creates and designs a unique and innovative solution in one of the fourareas of technolos .
Meets Compare and contrast a variety of problem-solving approaches.
Standards When given a problem effectively designs a problem-solving method.Creates and with technical accuracy designs/models to a problem in one ofthe four areas of technolo! .
ApproachesStandards
Has difficulty relating the problem-solving approaches to solutions.Given a problem has to work collaboratively to develop a problem-solvingmethod.Relies on traditional designs in solvin_ .roblems.
Below Identifies a single problem-solving approach.Unable to develop a method.Standard Unable to solve .roblems.
BEST COPY AVAILABLENevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 27 of 36
43
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 12
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 28 of 36
44
Content Standard 2.0
ExceedsStandard
Productivity Tools: Students use appropriate productivity tools including but
not limited to word processing, spreadsheet, database, multimedia and
telecommunications.
Type a word processing document that meets the standard and could
include tables, columns, bullets and hanging indents.
Utilize appropriate tools that are listed to meet standard. These can include
grammar check and readability.
Design and create a database form that utilizes draw features.
Merge a database into another application.
Print reports including headings and subheadings based on sort and query.
Accurately applies spreadsheet formulas to present information.
Consistently determines the significance of the data in a spreadsheet.
Independently applies multi-media strategies combined with transitions to
present complex concepts.Differentiate and evaluate the uses of systems. Explains networking
options.
Demonstrates a thorough understanding of electronic communications.
Uses telecommuting and teleconferencing.
Demonstrates a fully developed knowledge of multimedia techniques.
MeetsStandard
Type a correctly formatted multi-page word processing document.
Formatting to include, headers, footers, pagination, line spacing and margin
settings.
Utilize appropriate tools such as spell check and thesaurus.
Create a database, define fields and enter data for multiple records.
Print reports based on sort and query.
Interpret report based on data.
Develop a spreadsheet including labels, values, formulas and functions.
Create and print a chart to visually represent data from a spreadsheet.
Print a spreadsheet showing the formulas.
Analyze the significance of the data in a spreadsheet.
Create and present a multi-page, multimedia presentations using three of
the following, animation, digital video or linking using three of the
following: text, graphics and sound.
Identify the intended message of a multimedia presentation.
Organize files on a computer disk, hard drive, server or other storage
devices.
Compare and contrast a LAN, WAN, Intranet and the Internet.
Compare and analyze the appropriate uses of a variety of electronic
communications.
Locate and evaluate sources of distance learning, telecommuting and
teleconferencing.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000
45
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
Page 29 of 36
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 12 (Standard 2.0 continued)
ApproachesStandard
Occasionally applies correct format in conjunction with document
preparation.Displays minimal knowledge of database functions.
Demonstrates a narrow or incomplete understanding of data significance in
a spreadsheet.Demonstrates occasional awareness of multimedia strategies.
Inconsistently analyzes and critiques multimedia presentations.
Demonstrates limited knowledge of LAN, WAN, Intranet and the Internet.
Requires assistance to retrieve information from remote resources.
Experiences difficulty in evaluating sources of distance learning,
telecommuting and teleconferencing.
Below Rarely applies correct format in conjunction with document preparation.
Standard Shows little or no knowledge of database functions.
Insufficiently demonstrates knowledge of data significance in a
spreadsheet.
Little or no success at creating multimedia presentations.
Unable to analyze and critique a multimedia presentation.Unable to understand the difference between networking systems.
Makes inappropriate selection of distance learning sources.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 30 of 36
46
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 12
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 31 of 36
47
Content Standard 3.0 Research Tools: Students use various technology tools to research information
and evaluate its accuracy and appropriateness in order to solve problems and
make decisions.
ExceedsStandard
State clearly a research topic/problem, makes precise list of elements,
limits, and expected outcomes.Independently generates a detailed list of keywords and qualifying
modifiers to conduct a comprehensive search with multiple electronic-
based sources.Uses hyperlinks to expand the search while discerning the relevance of the
link to the topic/problem.
Organizes research information efficiently and effectively solves the
problem.
Differentiates between the various types of information and makes refined
selections of most reliable, authentic and timely sources.
Creates a comprehensive bibliography or work cited page.
Evaluate outcome through the use of a given rubric and generates
suggestions for improvement.
MeetsStandard
State a research topic/problem, list elements, limits, and expected
outcomes.
Independently generates a list of keywords for a research topic/problemwith qualifying modifiers to narrow the search of electronic-based sources.
Using a variety of search strategies use hyperlinks to select information.
Select an organizational tool and accurately place collected informationwithin the format to aid in making a decision.
Differentiates between the various types of information and makes
selections of reliable, authentic and timely sources.
Creates a standard bibliography or work cited page.
Complete rubric for evaluation of the results and its outcome.
ApproachesStandard
Statement of research topic/problem is vague or too broad. Incomplete orinappropriate list of elements, and limits, but outcome is reasonably stated.
Requires assistance to generate a list of keywords with limited use of
qualifying modifiers to conduct a search using electronic-based sources.
Uses hyperlinks to research but relevant material is not consistently
selected.
Can place information in an organizational format with some inaccuracies.
Some differentiation between the various types of information with some
selection of reliable, authentic and timely sources.
Lists sources with format errors.
Complete rubric with some unrealistic assessments.
Below
StandardAble to state an outcome but cannot define the research topic/problemclearly or apply the problem solving process to achieve the outcome.
Requires assistance to generate a minimal list of keywords to conduct a
search using electronic-based sources.Uses hyperlinks but connections do not further the research.
Randomly places research information.
Little or no differentiation between the various types of information with
poor choices as to reliability, authenticity and timeliness.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000
48 BEST COPY AVAILABLE
Page 32 of 36
Unable to generate a bibliography or work cited page.
Rubric is incomplete or inaccurate.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 33 of 36
49
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 12
Content Standard 4.0 Tools and Processes: Students will identify, apply concepts, and manage various
tools and resources to evaluate their accuracy and appropriateness in solving
problems and making decisions.
Exceeds
Standards
Create a presentation summarizing advancements in the areas of technology and
explain how new tools, materials and processes are necessary to maintain and
improve high productivity and quality.
Use tools independently to produce solutions in a computer or technology area.
Select with technical accuracy the best tool and process.
Inde e endentl , can correct non-functionin. technolo. s stems.
MeetsStandards
Conduct research in a computer or technology area and explain how new tools,
materials and processes are necessary to maintain and improve high productivity
and quality.
Use tools, with minimal direction, to produce solutions in a computer or
technology area.
Select the correct tool and process.
Under su servision can correct non-functioning technolo s stems.
ApproachesStandards
Recognizes the need for new tools, but is unable to conduct independent researchany area of computer or technology and is unable to explain how new tools,
materials and processes are necessary to maintain and improve high productivity
and quality.
Create a partial solution in a computer or technology area.
Needs guidance to select the correct tool and process.
Reco .nizes the e roblem, but is unable to correct it.
Below Fails to recognize the importance of new tools, processes, or materials.
Standard Unable to create a solution.
Inaccurately selects the correct tool and process.
Does not recognize the problem.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 34 of 36
50 BEST COPY AVAILABLE
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 12
Content Standard 5.0 Systems:
components
its
Students will recognize that systems are made up of individual
and that each component affects the operation of the system and
relationship with other systems.
Exceeds Select and predict the future evolution of a system or process.
Standards Design and manage a system and evaluate its efficiency.
Choose a system and identify possible ways to improve; the product,
p roductivi , manalement, and then im lement im provements.
Meets Explain the evolution of a given system or process.
Standards Design a model of a system to produce a desired outcome.
Given a system, identify possible ways to improve the product,
I roductivi , and/or mana . ement.
Approaches Cooperatively explains the evolution of a given system or process.
Standards Requires assistance to design a model of a system to produce a desired
outcome.
With assistance and given a system identify possible ways to improve the
product, I roductivi , and/or mana . ement.
Below Does not explain the evolution of a given system or process.
Standard Fails to properly design a model of a system to produce a desired
outcome.
Does not identify ways to improve the product, productivity, and
mana. ement when iven a s stem.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards
51
March 2000 Page 35 of 36
BESTCOPYAVAILABIS
Performance Level DescriptorsComputer and Technology Education Standards
Grade 12
Content Standard 6.0 Implications on Society. Students will evaluate the impact and ethicalimplication on individuals, society and the environment.
Exceeds Given a product or service predict the impacts on the quality of life.
Standards Forecast future technology advancements and their possible impacts on
society and culture.Develop a career plan and participates in the field of choice.
Clarify the advantages and disadvantages of widespread use of and
reliance on technology in the workplace and in society as a whole.
MeetsStandards
Compare and contrast the impacts of new products and services on the
quality of life.
Given a technology, determine possible outcomes and their acceptability.
Develop a career plan.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of widespread use of and
reliance on technology in the workplace and in society as a whole.
Approaches States the impacts of a product or service on the quality of life.
Standards With help identifies historical influences on today's society.
Requires help to develop a career plan.
Below Unsure of the impacts of a product or service on the quality of life.
Standard Inadequately cites historical influences
Unable to develop a career plan.
Nevada Computer and Technology Education Standards March 2000 Page 36 of 36
52
Glo
ssar
y fo
r C
ompu
ter
and
Tec
hnol
ogy
Edu
catio
n St
anda
rds
Are
as o
f T
echn
olog
y E
nerg
y, p
ower
and
tran
spor
tatio
n; c
omm
unic
atio
n; c
onst
ruct
ion;
man
ufac
turi
ng; a
nd b
iote
chno
logy
.
Clo
sed
Loo
p Sy
stem
A s
yste
m th
at u
ses
feed
back
to a
ffec
t the
pro
cess
.
Com
pone
nts
- Pa
rts
of th
e co
mpu
ter
syst
em, s
uch
as k
eybo
ard,
mon
itor,
or
mou
se.
Com
pute
r N
umer
ical
Con
trol
(C
NC
) M
anuf
actu
ring
pro
cess
in w
hich
num
eric
al d
irec
tions
con
tain
ed in
a c
ompu
ter
prog
ram
cont
rol a
nd m
onito
r m
achi
nes'
ope
ratio
ns.
Con
nect
ivity
- T
he a
ct o
f co
mm
unic
atin
g be
twee
n co
mpu
ters
, ter
min
als,
and
net
wor
ks.
Dat
a Fi
les
- T
he c
reat
ion
of a
file
with
an
appl
icat
ion,
incl
udin
g in
form
atio
n yo
u ty
pe, e
dit,
view
, or
save
. A d
ocum
ent m
ay b
e a
busi
ness
rep
ort,
a pi
ctur
e, o
r a
lette
r an
d is
sto
red
as a
file
on
a di
sk.
Dev
ices
- T
hing
s us
ed o
r co
nstr
ucte
d fo
r pa
rtic
ular
pur
pose
s su
ch a
s m
achi
nes
to p
erfo
rm o
ne o
r m
ore
rela
tivel
y si
mpl
e ta
sks.
(Am
eric
an H
erita
ge D
ictio
nary
)
Ele
ctro
nic
Com
mun
icat
ion
- A
ny m
etho
d us
ed to
con
vey
a m
essa
ge th
at h
as b
een
tran
smitt
ed v
ia e
lect
roni
c m
eans
suc
h as
e-m
ail,
vide
o co
nfer
enci
ng, e
tc.
Ent
ry-L
evel
Ski
lls -
Bas
ic s
kills
req
uire
d en
teri
ng a
giv
en o
ccup
atio
n.
Feed
back
The
ret
urn
of in
form
atio
n ab
out t
he r
esul
t of
a pr
oces
s. (
Am
eric
an H
erita
ge D
ictio
nary
)
File
Man
agem
ent P
rovi
des
func
tions
to d
elet
e, c
opy,
mov
e, r
enam
e, v
iew
file
s, a
nd m
anag
e di
rect
orie
s or
fol
ders
.
Hyp
erlin
ks -
A s
ectio
n of
text
or
grap
hic
"lin
ks"
that
whe
n cl
icke
d, w
ill ta
ke y
ou to
ano
ther
are
a of
a s
ervi
ce o
r W
eb P
age.
Mos
tIn
tern
et S
ervi
ce P
rovi
ders
sup
port
hyp
erlin
ks in
bro
wse
rs, I
nsta
nt M
essa
ges
and
E-M
ail.
Lin
ks a
re h
elpf
ul in
rou
ting
to lo
catio
nsw
ithin
doc
umen
ts o
r In
tern
et a
ddre
sses
.
Info
rmat
ion
Proc
essi
ng C
ycle
Dat
a pr
oces
sing
; the
cap
turi
ng, s
tori
ng, u
pdat
ing,
and
ret
riev
ing
of d
ata
and
info
rmat
ion.
Inpu
t - S
omet
hing
put
into
a s
yste
m o
r ex
pend
ed in
its
oper
atio
n to
ach
ieve
a r
esul
t or
outp
ut. (
Am
eric
an H
erita
ge D
ictio
nary
)N
evad
a C
ompu
ter
and
Tec
hnol
ogy
Edu
catio
n St
anda
rds
Mar
ch 2
000
Page
1 o
f 3
Inpu
t Dev
ices
- P
erip
hera
l dev
ices
that
ent
er d
ata
into
the
com
pute
r, s
uch
as a
key
boar
d, s
cann
er, m
ouse
, or
digi
tizer
tabl
et.
Intr
anet
An
inte
rnal
(pr
ivat
e) n
etw
ork
insi
de a
com
pany
or
orga
niza
tion
that
wor
ks m
uch
like
the
Inte
rnet
.
Loc
al A
rea
Net
wor
k (L
AN
) A
gro
up o
f co
mpu
ters
at a
sin
gle
loca
tion
that
are
con
nect
ed b
y ph
one
lines
, net
wor
k ca
bles
of
vari
ous
conf
igur
atio
ns. U
sual
ly c
ontr
olle
d an
d ad
min
iste
red
by th
e sy
stem
ope
rato
r, th
e ne
twor
k ad
min
istr
ator
.
Mod
el S
impl
ifie
d ve
rsio
n of
rea
l obj
ects
, eve
nts,
or
syst
ems;
oft
en a
sm
alle
r, s
impl
er v
ersi
on o
f a
real
thin
g.
Mul
timed
ia -
The
use
of
mor
e th
an o
ne m
edia
, suc
h as
any
com
bina
tion
of s
ound
, gra
phic
s, a
nim
atio
n, a
nd v
ideo
. A m
ultim
edia
soft
war
e ap
plic
atio
n co
ntai
ns im
ages
, aud
io, t
ext a
nd, i
n m
any
case
s, v
ideo
clip
s an
d an
imat
ions
.
Ope
n L
oop
Syst
em -
A s
yste
m th
at d
oes
not u
se in
form
atio
n ab
out t
he o
utpu
t to
affe
ct th
e pr
oces
s.
Ope
ratin
g Sy
stem
File
s -
File
s ne
cess
ary
to r
un th
e co
mpu
ter's
ope
ratin
g sy
stem
, suc
h as
DO
S, W
indo
ws,
or S
yste
m 7
.
Opt
imiz
atio
n -
The
pro
cess
of
seek
ing
the
mos
t fav
orab
le c
ondi
tion
or s
olut
ion
to a
goa
l by
bala
ncin
g th
e tr
adin
g-of
f re
sults
on m
ore
than
one
cri
teri
on.
Org
aniz
atio
nal F
orm
ats
- O
utlin
es, V
enn
diag
ram
s, w
eb m
appi
ng, f
low
cha
rts
or a
ny o
ther
sch
emat
ic u
sed
to o
rgan
ize
info
rmat
ion.
Out
put T
he r
esul
ts, g
ood
and
bad,
of
the
oper
atio
n of
any
sys
tem
.
Out
put D
evic
es A
ny p
erip
hera
ls th
at tr
ansf
er o
r tr
ansm
it da
ta f
rom
the
com
pute
r, s
uch
as s
cree
n, p
rint
er, o
r co
mm
unic
atio
ns li
ne.
Prod
uct S
omet
hing
pro
duce
d by
hum
an e
ffor
t or
a na
tura
l pro
cess
.
Prog
ram
File
s A
n ex
ecut
able
file
that
sta
rts
an a
pplic
atio
n or
pro
gram
. A p
rogr
am f
ile h
as a
n .E
XE
, .PI
F, .C
OM
, or
.BA
T f
ilena
me
exte
nsio
n.
Prot
otyp
e A
wor
king
mod
el o
f a
new
pro
duct
, int
ende
d to
test
it o
pera
tion.
(W
righ
t)
Qua
lifyi
ng M
odif
iers
A w
ord
used
bef
ore
an a
djec
tive
to s
how
the
degr
ee o
f th
e ad
ject
ive.
i.e.
Che
mot
hera
py is
the
mos
t eff
ectiv
etr
eatm
ent f
or c
ance
r.)
Res
ourc
es -
The
thin
gs n
eede
d to
get
a jo
b do
ne. I
n a
tech
nica
l sys
tem
the
seve
n ty
pes
of r
esou
rces
are
peop
le, i
nfor
mat
ion,
mat
eria
ls, t
ools
and
mac
hine
s, e
nerg
y, c
apita
l, an
d tim
e.N
evad
a C
ompu
ter
and
Tec
hnol
ogy
Edu
catio
n St
anda
rds
Mar
ch 2
000
Page
2 o
f 3
Syst
em A
gro
up o
f in
tera
ctin
g, in
terr
elat
ed, o
r in
terd
epen
dent
ele
men
ts f
orm
ing
a co
mpl
ex w
hole
. (A
mer
ican
Her
itage
Dic
tiona
ry)
Typ
es o
f sy
stem
s in
clud
e: o
pen
loop
, clo
sed
loop
, sim
ple,
com
plex
, mic
ro, m
acro
, ene
rgy,
pow
er a
nd tr
ansp
orta
tion;
com
mun
icat
ion;
cons
truc
tion;
man
ufac
turi
ng; a
nd b
iote
chno
logy
.
Tec
hnol
ogy
- H
uman
inno
vatio
n in
act
ion.
It i
nvol
ves
the
gene
ratio
n of
kno
wle
dge
and
proc
esse
s to
dev
elop
sys
tem
s th
at s
olve
prob
lem
s an
d ex
tend
hum
an c
apab
ilitie
s. (
ITE
A)
The
use
of
accu
mul
ated
kno
wle
dge
to p
roce
ss r
esou
rces
to s
atis
fy h
uman
nee
ds a
ndw
ants
. (H
acke
r)
Tel
ecom
mut
ing
- A
term
use
d to
indi
cate
the
proc
ess
of w
orki
ng o
utsi
de o
f th
e of
fice
by
a m
odem
hoo
kup
to th
e m
ain
offi
ce s
yste
m.
Tel
econ
fere
ncin
g V
oice
or
vide
o ov
er a
tele
phon
e lin
e in
whi
ch m
ore
than
two
peop
le a
re s
imul
tane
ousl
y co
nnec
ted.
Tra
de-o
ffs
An
exch
ange
of
one
thin
g in
ret
urn
for
anot
her
to a
chie
ve a
des
ired
res
ult.
Ven
n di
agra
ms
- A
pic
tora
l rep
rese
ntat
ion
usin
g ci
rcle
s an
d sq
uare
s so
pos
ition
ed a
s to
rep
rese
nt a
n op
erat
ion
in s
et th
eory
. A g
raph
that
em
ploy
s ci
rcle
s to
rep
rese
nt lo
gica
l rel
atio
ns b
y th
e,in
clus
ion,
exc
lusi
on, o
r in
ters
ectio
n of
the
circ
les.
Wid
e A
rea
Net
wor
k (W
AN
) A
pri
vate
long
dis
tanc
e ne
twor
k th
at u
ses
leas
ed li
nes
to c
onne
ct c
ompu
ters
or
LA
Ns.
A w
ide
area
netw
ork
is a
link
ing
of c
ompu
ters
not
phy
sica
lly a
ttach
ed th
roug
h co
nven
tiona
l net
wor
k co
nnec
tivity
. Usu
ally
the
WA
N c
onne
ctio
n is
a de
dica
ted
or h
igh-
grad
e di
al u
p ph
one
link.
It i
s of
ten
done
with
T1
or T
3 co
nnec
tions
but
can
als
o be
thro
ugh
sate
llite
or
othe
rte
chno
logi
es.
Nev
ada
Com
pute
r an
d T
echn
olog
y E
duca
tion
Stan
dard
sM
arch
200
0Pa
ge 3
of
3
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