ED 316 728

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INSTITUTION

PUB DATENOTEPUB TYPE

EDRS PRICEDEaCRIPTORS

DOCUMENT VISUME

Oliveira-Reis, FernandaVocational Training in the EuropeanAnnual Report.nuropean Centre for the DevelopmentTraining, Berlin (West Germany).10 Mar 8978p.

Reports - Descriptive (141)

CE 054 398

Community 1988.

of Vocational

MF01/PC04 Plus Postage.Continuing Education; Documentation; EducationalMedia; Educational Technology; Foreign Countries;Information Centers; *Information Dissemination;Inservice Education; *Job Training; *Publications;Refresher Courses; Retraining; *VocationalEducation

IDENTIFIERS *European Community

ABSTRACTFollowing an introduction, most of this document

consists of descriptions of CELEFOP (European Centre for theDevelopment of Vocational Training) projects. Most of thedescriptions include a section on "results," which are indications ofsteps toward achieving CEDEFOP's objectives, ant; a section on"observations," which relate to obstacles or impediments encountered.The projects are described under t .; following categories: (1)dissemination of information; (2) periodicals and occasionalpublications; (3) vocational training systems; (4) comparability ofvocational training qualifications; (5) European Community program ofstudy visits; (6) consultation with national research institutes; (7)specific measures for Southern Europe; (8) initial vocationaltraining; (9) continuing training; (10) new training technologies andmedia; (11) training of trainers; and (12) regional development. Alist explaining organizational acronyms is followed by a synopsissection reporting on CEDEFOP's human and financial resources thatincludes relevant facts about projects in tabular form. Appendicescontain lists of members of the management board, stair, and CEDEFOPpublications that appeared in 1988. (CML)

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Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

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Vocational Trainingin theco

co European Community 19880)I-at0a

M CC . PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISU.B. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION\ (0

Othce of Educations! Resarch and Improvement

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION

MATERIAL- HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

CENTER (ERIC)

, c Th.s document has been reproduced asreceived from the person or organizaion

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° teProduchon qualityoriginating itMmo, changes have taw made to improve

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Q) men(C pointsdo notof view or opinions stated in this docunecessarily represent official4 OERI position or policy4

TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."

Annual Report 1988adopted by the Managemont Board on 10 March 1989

Chairman of the Management Board:Anne-Frangoise Theunissen

Director of CEDEFOP:Ernst Piehl

Deputy Directors:Corrado PolitiEnrique Retuerto

Drawn up by:Fernanda Oliveira-Reis

European Centre for the Developpment of VocationalTraining (CEDEFOP)Jean Monnet House, Bundesallee 22, D-1000 Berlin 15Tel. (030) 88 41 20; Telefax: (030) 88 41 22 22;Telex: 184163 eucen d

The Centre was established by the Regulation (EEC)No 337/75 of 10 February 1975 of the Council of theEuropean Communities

This publication is also available in the following languages:

DA, DE, ES, FR, GR, IT, NL, PT

Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication

N° cue gestion des stocks: ZD-CE-89-J01-EN-P-

Reproduction of this text is authorized on condition that the source isindicated

Technical produktion with DTP: Axel HunstockYmkje Kuipers

Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany

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Table of contentsPage

Introduction 9

I. Dissemination of Information 12

Project 1.1018 - Documentation service and library 12Project 1.2098 - Visitor service 14Project 1.3088 - Audiovisual support media 15Project 1.4088 - Report on social developments chapter in vocational training 16Project 1.5108 - Vocational training terminology 16Project 1.6108 - Interpretation r ervice 17

II. Peridical and occasional publications 18

Project 2.1028 - "Vocational Training" Journal 18Project 2.2088 - "CEDEFOP news" 19Project 2.3118 - "CEDEFOP flash" 20Project 2.4098 - "CEDEFOP press" 21Project 2.5127 - Production, distribution and promotion of publications 21

III. Vocational training systems 23

Project 3.1028 - Preparation o' the new "Guide" to vocational trainingsystems in the Member Stares 23

Project 3.2028 - Financing of vocational training 23Project 3.3078 - The role of the social partners in initial and

continuing vocational training 24

IV. Comparability of vocational training qualifications 26

Project 4.1078 - Comparability of vocational training qualifications 26

V. European community programme of study visits 27

Project 5.1038 - European Community Programme of Study Visits 27

5

VI. Consultation with national research institutes 28

Project 6.1048 - Forum for national vocational trainingresearch and development institutes 28

VII. Specific measures for southern europe 29

Project 7.1058 - Problems of employment and qualification in thetextile/clothing sector in Spain, Greece and Portugal 29

Project 7.2058 - Vocational training and the voluntary (re-) integrationof young second - generation migrants 30

VIII. Initial vocational training 31

Project 8.1018 - Vocational training and preparationfor adult and working life 31

Project 8.2098 - Vocational guidance and counselling, withspecial reference to the long-term unemployed 31

Project fl 3058 - Innovative training and employment activitiesfor disabled persons 32

IX., Continuing training 33

Project 9.1068 - Equal opportunities and vocational training 33Project 9.2078 - Continuing training for adults and the long-term unemployed 34

Project 9.3048 - Continuing training in enterprises for technological change 34

X. New training technologies and media 35

Project 10.1038 Distance education and training 35Project 10.2088 Audiovisual technologies and vocational training 36

XI. Training of trainers 37

Project 11.1138 Training of trainers 37Project 11.2148 Vocational training in small and medium enterprises 38

6

XII. Regional development 39

Project 12.1068 Regional development and vocational training 39

References 40

Synopsis 41Human and finacial resources 41Table of projects 44

Annexes 57list of members of the Managmont Board 57List of Staff 60Extract from Council Regulation establishing CEDEFOP 62List of publications issued in 1988 63

1

Introduction

AnneFrancolte TheuniesenChairman al the

Mwtegernent Boyd

Corrado PdiliDeputy Director

Enrique Ratan°Deputy Diredor

Photos: Saws

1. The terms of reference for this Annual Report are the objectivesand activities of CEDEFOP as set out in the Work Programme 1988and the Action Guidelines 1986-1988.The projects examined here reflect efforts to provide answers to themost important questions relating to vocational training in theEuropean Community, this by means of both research in fields towhich priority is attached in the Member States and support for theEC Commission in implementing its programmes. Exchange ofexperience between those engaged in the field of vocationaltraining is a feature common to all projects and is also the Centre'sthird major function.The 1988 Work Programme has been implemented against thebackground of the decisions and programmes adopted by theCouncil of Ministers and the Commission of the European Commu-nities. Notable in this respect are:

the continuation of the work launched in connection with thedecision of the Council of Ministers of July 1985 on the Compara-bility of vocational training qualifications;

the technical assistance provided in the start-up phases of theAction Programme for young people adopted in December 1987;

the completion of a further annual programme of study visits inconnection with the Community Study Visit Programme for Voca-tional Training Specialists;

the close cooperation with certain sections of the Communityprogrammes COMETT, DELTA and EUROTECNET.Because of the work carried out in its priority fields of research, theCentre has made major advances in expanding its body of knowled-ge of changes taking place in initial and continuing vocationaltraining systems (in particular as regards manpower and financialflows), in identifying certain key issues in training trainers and, moregenerally, in matters relating to the use of new technical media intraining. The first comparative investigation of the roles of the socialpartners in the twelve Member States proved to be a very informa-tive venture for the Centre in 1988. Another item warranting specialmention is the development of guidelines for trair,:og in small andmedium enterprises.

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2. The just completed Work Programmecovers areas of activity and tasks whichCEDEFOP, as a centre of influence for thetwelve Member States, will undoubtedlyhave to pursue further in the coming fouryears if the quality of vocational training isto be upgraded and the training provisionadjusted to meet the needs of changingsocial circumstances and production con-ditions. The Centre has therefore endea-voured to ensure a smooth transition fromthe three-year plan 1986-1988 to the Ac-tion Guidelines 1989-1992, where the fo-cus of attention is on paving the way for theintegrated Europe envisaged for 1993.The Centre's Action Guidelines 1989-1992(adopted by the Management Board on 16September 1988), concentrate on five areasof activity which, while taking due accountof the social dimension of a common poiicy,are intended to provide technical support tocreate greater transparency in the field ofvocational training within the Communityas a whole, to refine the roles of the mainactors in the field (social partners, trainersand managers in the business community),and finally, to identify and replicate innova-tive ventures in the tield (training media,projects, and direct exchanges of expe-rience, etc.).The development of the content of theAction Guidelines was a task in which, inthe various stages from conceptuaNzationto publication, almost two thirds of theCentre's personnel were involved.

3. The year 1988 saw the Translation Ser-vice heavily committed to translating thedocuments relating to the project "Compa-rability of vocational training qualifications".Specialized glossaries had to be develo-ped for each of the sectors concerned witha view to establishing equivalent descrip-tions for each occupation. The foundationswere also laid for the terminological work.It was still not possible to strike a balancebetween the various Community langua-ges; special efforts were made to supply alarger number of translations into Danish,Dutch, Greek, Portuguese and Spanish.A survey was conducted to find out whichword processing software is used by thefreelance translators engaged by the Cen-tre, and in cases where their equipment iscompatible with that at the Centre, docu-ments translated externally are now sup-plied on disc.

4. The Centre itself continued its efforts toremain abreast of developments in 1988,this process being supported by continuingtraining courses for personnel at all levels.Without going into the details of the deve-lopment of the bibliographical database,the "modernization process" affected anumber of departments, in particular thesecretarial services with the introduction ofword-processing facilities in all the Com-munity languages except Greek; the tech-nical services unit with the introduction ofdesktop publishing (DTP) for preparing"CEDEFOP news" and various occasional

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publications; and the administration which,now that a new host computer has beenrented, will be able to cope with the increa-sing demands made by accounting andfinanc'slcontrol procedures.The introduction of PCs in various depart-ments and the use of standard software willmake it possible to compile sets of datawhich can be readily transferred to in-house and external databases. As the workto connect some of the workstations to theLAN has been delayed, some of the secre-taries and service units will not be linked

474,-.4.10113,

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with the central computer until 1989.

5. In the interest of clarity for the readers ofthis Annual Report, most of the projectdescriptions are followed by the "results"(some of these broken down into researchactivities and technical support), the term"results" indicating steps towards achie-ving the objectives set out in the WorkProgramme, and "observations", which relateto obstacles or impediments encounteredwhich stood in the way of progress towardsthe envisaged result.

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- 11 "- 10

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le Dissemination of information

1. Project 1.1018: Documentation service and library

The activities of the Centre's documentation service and library are directed towards twoobjectives: ensuring that the staff of the Centre is supplied with information on asystematic basis and providing selected, up-to-date information on vocational training forexternal enquirers.In order to carry out this work effectively, the Centre has established a network ofspecialized documentatinn services which now extends throughout all twelve MemberStates of the Community. The members of the network not only provide CEDEFOP withthe relevant information but also serve as multipliers at national level by helping todisseminate information provided by CEDEFOP on the activities being carried out by theCentre, by the Community institutions and in the other Member States.

Rosults

The Centre's documentation service andthe members of the documentation coope-ration network are also required to providea bibliography on given topics for eachissue of the journal "Vocational Training"and to prepare annotated bibliographies onselected subjects for the Community pro-gramme of study visits and other priorityCEDEFOP projects.In 1988, the members of this networksupplied monthly indexes of the materialpublished in their respective ;...,untries, usingthe descriptors defined for the Centre'sThesaurus on vocational training and pro-viding abstracts in French or English. Theseindexes relate to vocational training policyand its implementation and the referencematerial indicated covers books, journals,audiovisual media and other publications.The annual coordination meeting for themembers of the documentation network

was held in September. The meeting wasalso attended by representatives of theCommission, EURYDICE,1 and IL0.2)A meeting at national level was organizedin December by the Belgian members ofthe network (ICODOC3) / CEDOC.4 Themeeting brought together representativesof most of the major institutions and orga-nizations engaged in handling data onvocational training, and provided an occa-sion for information to be supplied on theCentre's information policy.The year 1988 saw the publication of asecond edition of the English, French andGerman versions of the CEDEFOP The-saurus, with each volume presenting eachterm in the original language plus its equi-valent in six other languages (the othertwobase languages plus Italian, Spanish, Por-tuguese and Greek). Greek and Portugue-se versions of the Thesaurus were alsopublished by the respective national autho-rities.

111

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The Centre continued to cooperate withEURYDICE, which assists the educationdepartments of the Commission in mattersrelating to the development of the EU DISED4thesaurus, jointly managed by the Corn-mission of the EC and the Council of Europe.The work to establish a bibliographicaldatabase was completed in May 1988, Theserver centre, located at the EuropeanSpace Agency, was opened up for accessby the members of the documentationnetwork during the course of the year; thisresource contained some 3,600 entries bythe end of the year. The majority of themembers of the network started storingtheir entries on disc in 1988, this implyingmore rapid integration in the database.In June, the Centre hosted a conferenceorganized by Guildford Educational Servi-ces Ltd. on behalf of the EC Commissionand with the support of the Senat of.Berlinand the UK Training Agency. The confe-rence brought together more than 100 usersand providers of databases on continuingvocational training; the outcome of themeeting was a decision to establish anassociation of database operators in Eus o-pe. After the meeting the Centre developedproposals for follow-up action (see"CEDEFOP flash" 4/88), and communica-ted these to the Commission. A stand wasrun by the European Association of Data-base Operators at th a Second EuropeanCongress on Vocational Education andTraining (cf. Project 9.2078). A meeting tocontinue the work to define the tasks of the

Association was subseqnetly held atCEDEFOP.The volume of requests for informationreceived by the documentation service (inthe form of enquiries by telephone and inwriting and visits to the Centre) increasedduring the course of the year; the enquirieswere largely concerned with the changes tobe expected with the creation of the singleEuropean market, relating snore to trainingstructures and training provision than tovocational training policy as such. Variousmeasures were initiated during the year inorder to handle these enquiries more effi-ciently.

Observations

The documentation service and library havesuffered this year from understaffing andfrom changes which have made it difficultto plan and develop their activities in acoherent manner. This means that thepossibilities opened up by the provision ofadditional space could not be fully exploitedand the dossiers on specific subjects havenot yet been assembled. It was also notpossible to improve the services offered tothe personnel of the Centre to the extentinitially envisaged.As the Centre does not have a sufficientbody of in-house expertise on databaseevelor ment, it has not been possible to

'v.: full use of all the advantages offeredb) .ie bibliographical database, nor to planthe establishment of further databases.

- 13 - 12

2. Project 1.2098: Visitor service

The repercussions which the single European market envisaged for 1993 will have forvocational training and employment in the various Member States were the focus of themajority of requests for information from visitors to the Centre.

In 1988, the number of visitors to the Centre(individuals and groups) was comparablewith that recorded in 1987 - approximately580. Roughly one quarter came from non-Community countries, mainly European non-members, e.g. Sweden, Austria, and Tur-key, and highly industrialized countries suchas Japan and the USA. Visitors from thesocialist countries of Eastern Europe -Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia -were also received by the Centre in 1988.Of special significance were the visits to theCentre by

Jacques DELORS, President of theCommission of the European Communi-ties, on the occasion of the inauguration ofJean Monnet House;

Eberhard DIEPGEN, Governing Mayorof Berlin, on the occasion of the inaugura-tion of Jean Monnet House;

Georges GENIMATAS, Minister ofLabour in the Greek Government, on theoccasion of the Second European Con-gress on Vocational Education and Trai-ning held in Berlin.Mention should also be made of the visitsby

Carlos M. Botelheiro MORENO, mem-ber of the Court of Audit;

Willy de CLERCQ, member of theCommission;

Carlo TROJAN, Assistant Secretary-General of the Commission;

Maria WEBER, former chairman of theManagement Board of the Centre;

and also of representatives of importantCommunity institutions, for example:

the Budget Committee of the Council ofMinisters,71 the Social Affairs Committee of theCouncil of Ministers,

the Education Committee of the Councilof Ministers,

the Social Affairs Committee and othercommittees of the European Parliament,

study groups from the Economic andSocial Committee of the European Com-munities.

In addition there was a significant increasein the number of organizations andinstitutions wishing to use the Centre'spremises and technical facilities for confe-rences. In this connection there was also agreater demand for inputs from CEDE-FOP, with the result that an exchange ofviews and experience could be securedeven without formal links existing betweenthe Centre and these visiting bodies or theirrespective work programmes.

3. Project 1.3088: Audiovisual support media

An understanding of the various vocational training systems in Europe on the part of allMember States is a basic prerequisite for both the development of these systems and forcommunication between the respective actors at European level. Audiovisual communi-cation undoubtedly facilitates the dissemination of information in this connection.

Results

Various language versions of a new videofilm were completed in 1988: the video onthe vocational training system in France isnow available in German, English, Spa-nish, French, Italian and Dutch.The Ministry of Education and Science ofthe Federal Republic of Germany has au-thorized the Centre to serve as a distribu-

AP'

tion agent for a video film on "The dualsystem of vocational training in the FederalRepublic of Germany" (available in allCommunity languages), and also to offer itfor sale under the conditions applying forthe other video films.A publicity campaign launched towards theend of 1988 has resulted in a markedincrease in demand for these videos.

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4

Photo: Mochowina

4. Project 1.4088: Report on social developments -chapter on vocational training

Under the provisions of Article 122 of the Treaty establishing the European EconomicCommunity, the Commission is to devote a special chapter in its "Annual Report on theActivities of the European Communities" to social developments within the Community.The Commission approached CEDEFOP with a request for support in preparing thechapter of this social situation report which is concerned with education and vocationaltraining. Requests for national reports were communicated to the Member States by therepresentatives of government on the Management Board of the Centre.

Observations

This project once again ran up against anumber of problems in terms of both con-tent and method. The proliferation in thenumber of requests for information andalso in the number of information sourceswith the decentralization of decision-ma-king authority in vocational training matters

to the regions raise the problem of coordi-nating the compilation of data at nationallevel and delay the preparation of nationalreports. Because of these difficulties, in1989 the Centre is to speed up its work toproduce a Guide to national vocationaltraining systems, making the publicationsufficiently flexible and handy to also servethe purposes of this Community report.

5. Project 1.5108: Vocational training terminology

Community-wide communication between those engaged in the field of vocational trainingpresupposes an understanding of numerous complex concepts which are specific toindividual Member States and in many cases defy comparison. The objective of theCentre's activities in the field of vocational training terminology is to develop terminologicalbases for the purpose of concept clarification and comparison.

The work carried out within the frameworkof the 1988 Work Programme was concen-trated on two areas: the production of acomprehensive multilingual glossary onvocational training and the provision ofcase-specific support for the Centre's pro-jects.

Observations

The vocational training glossary is an un-dertaking to which all the terminology ser-vices of Community institutions are contri-buting; this inter-agency cooperation ven-ture began in 1984 within the framework ofthe Interinstitutional Group for Terminolo-

16-

gy and Documentation of the EuropeanCommunity (GM. GOT working group GT6,which brings together representatives ofthe departments of the Parliament, theCommission and the Council of the Euro-pean Communities, continued work ondeveloping a list of approximately 600 se-lected terms and their equivalents in mostof the Community languages.As regards supporting the Centre's projectactivities, efforts had to be concentrated onthe priority project "Comparability of voca-tional training qualifications" (4.1077). Theagreements to be reached in connection

6. Project 1.6108: Interpretation service

with this project could not be negotiated innine languages without properly organizedterminological cooperation between experts,interpreters and translators. This organiza-tional aspect has been covered by a con-tract concluded with the International Infor-mation Centre for Terminology (Infoterm)in Vienna.The final result will be a multilingual tool toassist the project coordinators, translatorsand interpreters in all phases of their workon the comparability of vocational trainingqualifications.

The interpretation service provided by the Centre is an indispensable prerequisite for thecommunication sought by the Centre in fulfilling its role as a platform for exchanginginformation and a discussion forum for specialists from all Member States.

Resultser

The interpretation service catered for 45meetings with a total number of 85 meetingdays / 910 interpreter days. With the newconference room equipped with facilitiesfor simultaneous interpretation in nine lan-guages, it was possible to increase thenumber of meetings and interpreter daysby 36% and 67.5% respectively over the1987 figures. The conference facilities wereused not only for the Centre's own mee-tings but also for an increasing number ofmeetings of its Community and internatio-nal partners.

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rs

II. Periodical and occasional publications

1. Project 2.1028: "Vocatlunal Training" Journal

"Vocational Training" is a journal published by CEDEFOP to make known the viewpointsof governments, employers' associations, trade unions, the Community institutions andexperts on topical issues relating to vocational training. It thus constitutes a record of theinformed debates held on these issues between both individuals and social groupings.

Results

As scheduled, three issues of "VocationalTraining" were published in 1988 on thefollowing topics:1/88: The use of audiovisual technologies

in vocational training2/88: The social dialogue - bridging the

divide3/88: Financing initial and continuing vo-

cational training in the Member Sta-tes of the Community

The number of payable subscriptions rosein 1988 after efforts were made to expandcirculation, in particular in the Member Stateswhere the number of subscriptions hadpreviously been low,

Payablesubscriptions

Courtesysubscriptions

year Print- Percentage Print- Percentagerun variation run variation

1983 1.090 5.6501984 1.936 + 78 5.815 + 31985 2.365 + 22 5.937 + 21986 3.144 + 33 5.800 - 21987 3.713 18 2.400 -591988 4.276 .- 15 2.440 + 2

The above figures show that it is worthwhileto continue efforts to publish "VocationalTraining" in nine languages.

Jy ,No 3/1988

Selective funding27

a regulative instrument for initialand continuing training

-1817

Particular attention was paid in 1988 to thebibliographical section; the journal is nowpresenting a larger number of essential

2. Project 2.2088: "CEDEFOP news"

references supplied by the documentationnetwork for each Member State on thetopic concerned.

'CEDEFOP news" has the largest circulation of all the Centre's publications with a print-run of almost 25,000. At the decision of the Management Board of CEDEFOP, the numberof language editions was limited to three (English, French, German).

A new, smaller format was introduced in1988 in response to requests fora publica-tion which is easier tc handle and archive.

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Observations

Because the software required for the newDTP system was not available until August,only tour of the six issues planned for 1988cou!d be published, and these, unfortuna-tely, were delayed.

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I

3. Project 2.3118: "CEDEFOP flash"

The form adopted for the publication of "CEDEFOP flash" makes it possible for significantresults of the Centre's work to be communicated to a selected group of readers within avery short time (e.g. reports on conferences and working meetings). The contributions arein most cases produced by the competent project coordinator and are translated byCEDEFOP, "CEDEFOP flash" is normally published in English, French, German, Italianand Spanish and is distributed free of charge; the Centre also takes care of thereproduction and despatch. In this way it is possible, within a few days, to make availableto a much larger group of specialists the results of conferences attended by only a verysmall number of individuals. The speed of communication achieved is resulting in an in-creasing interest being shown in this publication.

Results

Eight issues of "CEDEFOP flash" werepublished in 1988, each being distributed toapproximately 1,600 individuals and orga-nizations. These included:

departments of the Council, the Com-mission, the Economic and Social Commit-tee of the European Community and natio-nal ministries, employers' and employees'organizations;

members, parliamentary groups, com-mittees and services of the European andnational parliaments;

research institutes, documentationcentres and libraries;

specialist journals, newspapers andjournalists.

The subjects covered by the individual issuesare listed in the List of Publications.

I-20-

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4. Project 2.4098: "CEDEFOP press"

"CEDEFOP press" is distributed to the daily newspapers, journals, press agencies andMiler media likely to reach a large public. It reoorts on important decisions of theManagement Board and on selected CEDEFOF 'acts and publications.

Results

Eleven press releases were issued in 1988,the majority prompting a response by themedia. A number of press conferenceswere organized in connection with confe-

rences such as the Second EuropeanCongress on Continuing Education andTraining (Berlin, late October) and theconference on the role of the social part-ners (Brussels, early November).

5. Project 2.5127: Production, distribution and promotion of publications

The publications of the Centre are closely linked with its research and counselling functionand represent the main channel through which the results of its work are disseminated.They have been designed in such a way that they respond to the needs of the varioususers.

Apart from the three periodicals (the journal"Vocational Training", "CEDEFOP news","CEDEFOP flash"), the Centre publishes"CEDEFOP documents", manuals andbrochures. "CEDEFOP documents" areproduced at low cost and for rapid distribu-tion; they are addressed to a selected andlimited group of specialists. Manuals andother occasional publications are addres-sed to a wider readership. They have asomewhat more sophisticated design anda larger circulation.The Centre's occasional publications arenormally sold at a nominal charge in theMember States and overseas via the salesoffices of the European Community. A limitednumber of copies are distributed free of

charge to EC organizations, national par-liaments and ministries, specialist librariesand documentation centres and a numberof important multipliers (e.g. specialist jour-nals).

- 21 - 20

Development of revenue from the sale Development of the mailing listsof occasional publications'

year Revenusin ECU

Percentagevariation overprevious year

1983 8.3001984 18.100 + 1181985 26.100 + 441986 28.100 + 81'487 44.750 + 60

1988 36.780 - 18

Development of sales of occasional pu-blications'

year Numberof copies sold

Percentagevariation overprevious year

1983 1.4101984 4.802 +240,01985 5.871 + 22,51986 7.762 + 32,51987 9.273 + 19,5

1988 7.015 - 24.4

At the end of 1988 the CEDEFOP mailinglists contained approximately 25,500 ad-dresses. All the mailing lists are organizedand updated exclusively by CEDEFOP.The addresses for the distribution of CE-DEFOP publications were taken over fromthe Office for Official Publications of theEuropean Community in Luxembourg.

year Addresses Percentagevariation overprevious year

1983 rund 17.0001984 rund 18.000 + 91985 rund 21.000 + 131986 rund 23.500 + 121987 rund 24.300 + 31988 rund 25.500 + 5

Updated publication lists and pamphletsdescribing new publications and conditionsof sale are sent regularly to the addresseson the mailing list. More and more reviewsare being made of CEDEFOP publicationsin specialist journals, and information isalso given on the Centre's conferences andmeetings. In 1988 the Centre organized adisplay of its publications at internationalmeetings in four Member States. CEDE-FOP publications were also presented bythe Of-fice for Official Publications of theEuropean Community at international bookfairs in Brussels, Paris, London, Frankfurt,Toulouse, Nantes, Turin, Barcelona, Thes-saloniki, Glasgow, Geneva, Trier andHanover.

Data source: Office for Official Publications of the European Commu-nity, Luxembourg

21- 22

III. Vocational training systems

1. Project 3.1028: Preparation of the new "Guide" to vocational training systemsIn the Member States

Any European action to develop vocational training presupposes a sound knowledge andunderstanding of the functioning of the vocational training systems in the Member Statesand also the zpecific context within which they operate. The national monographs and the"Guide" rieveloped by the Centro are intended to serve as reference material in thisrespect a. id also promote understanding of vocational training systems in other MemberStates.

The monographs describing the nationalvocational training systems are still in greatdemand; many of them have been reprin-ted, translated into additional languages oreven updated depending on demand andthe funds available.

Observations

Although the "Guide" dates back to 1979, itis still in great demand. A further editionwas printed in two language versions in1988; these now include a preface by the

Director drawing the reader's attention tothe fact that some of the information requi-res updating. It was not possible to preparea new Guide in 1988 because of a shortageof manpower resources. Nevertheless, workon this project to be resumed within theframework of the 1989 Work Programmeand consideration is already being given tothe design of the new publication. Thepossibilities offered by the newly installedtechnologies for the preparation and layoutare also to be explored.

2. Project 3.2028: Financing of vocational training

To implement and evaluate vocational training policies is an undertaking which requiresa situation analysis shed light on the relation between expenditures on training, the natureof the training provision, and those who are its beneficiaries.

The aim of the studies conducted jointly byCEDEFOP, the Member States and theStatistical Office of the European Commu-nities is precisely that of increasing under-standing of what is taking place in thisregard at both national and Communitylevel with a view to obtaining systematicand, if possible, comparable data.

Results: research activities

The work on the financiig of initial trainingin the Member State; was extended in1988 to cover Spain and Portugal. Thestudy on the situation in Portugal is nowavailable in French and Portuguese, andthat

4.cv,gpain is being finalized for publica-

23 -4

tion during the first quarter of 1989.During the course of 1988 the StatisticalOffice of the EC endeavoured to compiledata on manpower and financial flews inInitial training by means of questionnairesjointly i;aveloped with the Centre. Again incooperation with the Centre, the StatisticalOffice is now seeking a way of ensuringthat data collection can be more systematicin the future. The work here is ongoing andwill be continued in 1989.With regard to the financing of continuingtraining, the series of studies launched inlate 1987 has been expanded to also coverDenmark, Greece, Ireland and Portugal.The seven studies launched in 1987 werepresented and discussed at a meeting heldat the Centre in September 1988, and thediscussions provided a basis for finalizingthe draft final reports. The reports, whichshed light on public-sector, private-sectorand also joint spending on continuing trai-ning, also provide important information onhousehold spending on training, the natureof the training provided, and the populationgroups who are the beneficiaries and those

who are not. The studies are avilable in tt,noriginal languages and are to be translatedinto English and French. Numerous wor-king meetings were held to monitor pro-gress in drafting the reports.The above-mentioned reports, all to becompleted in 1989, will serve as resourcematerial for a comparative analysis; aninitial draft has already been drawn up onthe basis of the findings of the meeting andthe first reports to be completed.

Observations

It was not possible to r.:omplet: the synthe-sis reports envisaged in the 1988 WorkProgramme for the following reasons:

initial training: the definition ara classi-fication of the various fields of trainingcaused problems which have delayed thework of developing conclusive findings;

continuing training: the diversity andcomplexity of the studies raised additionalquestions which required clarification forthe synthesis report, which is now to beproduced in early 1989.

3. Project 3.3078: The role of the social partners in initial and continuing vocatio-nal training

The vast single market of 1992 is to create a single economic area but this must beaccompanied by the creation of a single social area. The social partners have a decisiverole to play in creating this single social area. But how is the "social dialogue" beingconducted in the field of vocational training? The aim of the Centre's work here is to shed

light on the various forms of consultation and to promote their further development.

2 j - 24

Results: action-research

The studies and monographs prepared inprevious years were published in 1988.A synthesis report/comparative study wasdrawn up by the Centre on the basis ofthese monographs. It presents a series ofpreliminary conclusions and recommenda-tions which were disnussed in Brussels inNovember 1988 at a symposium organizedJointly by CEDEFOP, the Economic andSocial Cornmittee of the European Com-munity and the EC Commission. EC.

Two Commmunity-wide studies were com-pleted on the degree to which employers'associations and trade unions are involvedin developing Community policies.Issue 7/88 of "CEDEFOP flash" reportedon the finding& of this important meeting,the conclusions of which reaffirmed thescope and relevance of this issue for thesocial partners and the competent policy-making bodies.Tne topic was also selected for in-depthexamination in issue 2/38 of the journal"Vocational Training".

-25- .24

IV. Comparability of vocational trainingqualifications

Project 4.1078: Comparability of vocational training qualifications

Creating conditions which facilitate effective free movement of manpower within theCommunity implies a need for a large amount of technical groundwork to establishcomparability between vocational training qualifications. Contributing towards this impor-tant groundwork was the aim of the Centre's activities in this field.

Results

The above-mentioned work was cor. iple-ted for the following sectors:

electro-technologyagriculture/horticulture/forestrytextiles/clothing.

The work on the "textile industry" sectorhas reached an advanced stage and thefinal report has been drafted. The above-mentioned outputs were produced aftereight meetings with experts nomirr.ted fromeach Member State. With regard to thesectors addressed in 1987 (hotel and cate-ring, motor vehicle repairs, and construc-tion), the Centre drew up occupationaldescriptions and a set of tables indicatingthe comparability of diplomas, certificatesand other formal qualifications for over onehundred occupations at skilled worker le-vel. Tl...lables on the three sectors addres-sed in 1987 were prepared for publicationat the request of the Commission.

Accompanying research activities

The work to establish comparability bet-ween vocational training qualifications iscomplicated by the fact that occupationstructures differ considerably from oneMember State to another and even within a

single Member State and/or sector. Moreo-ver, fundamental changes are taking placein the employment systems of all the MemberStates. The national experts need to havea knowledge of these changes and diffe-rences if consensus is to be reached oncommon definitions for the occupationsselected for investigation. In cooperationwith the Commission, the Centre has lun-ched a series of studies on the changestaking place in the occupational structuresof the sectors to be addressed in 1989.These studies are being prepared by natio-nal research teams and concern the follo-wing sectors: metalworking, office/admini-stration (including banking and insurance),chemicals and process industry. Thesestudies will also serve as inputs for theCentre's work to prepare a "European Di-rectory of Occupational Profiles" (seeCEDEFOP Action Guidelines 1989-1992).

Computerization of data

Using the results from all the above-men-tioned activities, work has begun on explo-ring the possibilities of preparing the dataon comparable vocational training qualifi-cations for computerization so that thisinformation can be processed, stored anddistributed automatically (database).

2b26-

V. European Community programme ofstudy visits

1. Project 5.1038: European Community Programme of Study Visits

The EC study visit programme for vocational training specialists serves the objective ofpromoting an exchange of information and experience among the individuals andorganizations participating in the programme.

Results

Forty-two groups comprising a total num-ber of 247 vocational training specialistswere received in the Member States in1988. The study visit programme activitieswere backed up by national preparationand evaluation meetings and supported bya documentation study, an individuallycompiled information file, and macrostati-stical material on the Member States whichwere distributed to all the participants in theprogramme. A horizontal survey on themedium-term impact of the programmewas conducted among those who partici-pated in the programme in 1985 and 1986;an evaluation was also carried out on theprogramme activities in 1988. CEDEFOPwas actively involved in the evaluation ofnumerous visits.Other outputs related to these activitieswere the annual conference of the nationalliaison officers in the twelve Member Sta-tes, the publication of the 1987 participants'reports and the preparation of the corre-sponding 1988 reports, the publication ofthe evaluation report on the 1988 program-me, the completion of a Community-widedirectory of vocational training institutions

27

and organizatic Is intended for those parti-cipating in the study visit programme, andthe publication of the results of the nationalsurvey on the 1985 and 1986 study visitprogrammes.

Notes de voyage

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, : . ' I t r t V i' .

VI. Consultation with national researchinstitutes

1. Project 6.1048: Forum for national vocational training research and develop-ment institutes

Research into vocational training is carried out in a wide variety of institutions, in univer-sities, private institutes and in special public research institutions and other publicorganizations. Such research and development institutions exist in almost every MemberState. In the past, there has been relatively little contact with institutions working in thesame field in other countries. At the initiative of CEDEFOP, the heads or representativesof these organizations now meet once a year at the Centre in order to exchangeexperience, discuss research problems and in some cases plan joint projects.All the organizations represented act as cou-isellors to their governments in respect ofvocational training policy and strategies.

Results

The themes addressed at the 1988 Forumincluded the following: training for yc:Jngpeople for transition from school to workinglife, techniques for evaluating training pro-grammes, improving the training provisionfor trainers, initial training and retraining ofadults, appraisal of pedagogic methods(with particular reference to the new trai-ning media), studies on the links betweenthe labour market and vocational trainingprovision, training of management, andequal opportunities in access to trainingschemes.The general trend is clearly in the directionof forward-looking research and priority isgiven to a longitudinal approach. More andmore attention is being given to the deve-lopment and ultimate application of moderntechnologies in training situations.With regard to the research carried out bythe Centre itself, a synthesis report on the

draft scenarios for vocational training wasdiscussed and decision was taken to set upa small working group to pursue this ventu-re. An initial meeting of experts was held onthis subject early in December, and a largermeeting is planned for early July 1989 tolink up with the fifth annual Research Forum.

27, - 28

VII.Specific measures for southern europe

1. Project 7.1058: Problems of employment and qualification in the textile /clothingsector in Spain, Greece and Portugal

A large and significant sector in the three above-mentioned Member States, the textile/clothing sector is currently having to restructure (though this is taking place at a differentpace in the three countries concerned) in order to confront the challenge of Communityand third-country competition.The studies carried out on this sector in 1986-1987 and the many contacts which havebeen made in the three Member States concerned with the Commission and Intertexiilhave revealed a number of common requirements with regard to information and trainingneeds in these countries.

Results: research activities

The Centre's activities in this field werefocussed in 1988 on studying occupationalprofiles at master craftsman and foremanlevel in the three Member States concer-ned. An analysis of these profiles by pro-duction stage and product was carried outin order to identify training needs.Special attention was paid in this study tonewly emerging skill profiles in both largecompanies and in small and medium enter-prises, which are particularly predominantin this sector.The study, which is available in Spanish,Greek and Portuguese, could also serve asa reference work for this sector in connec-tion with the project on the comparability ofvocational training qualifications.At the request of various representatives ofthe sector and also the competent authori-ties in Greece, the Centre carried out afeasibility study on the establishment of acentre for technical counselling, informa-

tion on innovation and continuing training inthe textile/clothing sector as no such facilityexists at the present time.The study, prepared from material obtai-ned from questionnaires and interviews,charts out a number of possible scenariosfor the centre's operations, taking accountof the areas where the activities are con-centrated and the diverse needs of thesector's entrepreneurs.The study, which is available in English, isto be followed up in 1989.

Observations

The meeting of heads of training and inno-vation centres engaged in the fields ofinformation, research and continuing trai-ning, which was planned with a view topromoting Community-wide cooperation inthe textile and clothing sector, was postpo-ned to 1989 pending publication of the newguidelines for the European Social Fund(ESF).

-29- 28

2. Project MON: Vocational training and the voluntary (re-) integration of youngsecond-generation migrants

In view of political and economic changes which could have a de isive influence on theintegration of young second-generation migrants into working Ilia and adult society,CEDEFOP launched a project to improve the occupational integration prospects for thesome three million young foreigners in the Community both in the host countries and intheir home countries, should they return.This project is concerned with providing these young people with counselling and trainingfor occupations for which there is a shortage of skilled labour in the countries concerned.

Results: research activities

A bi-national project to train 60 young Greeksin the Federal Republic of Germany andGreece was launched in 1988; this projectis supported with funds from the ESF.CEDEFOP is closely monitoring the pro-gress made with this three-year project. Apreliminary study on launching a similarproject for young Spaniards in Belgium wasonly just completed by the end of the yearbecause of the ptracted negotiationsrequired at the outset.As a follow-up to this study, which is avai-lable in French and Spanish, a meeting is tobe held in the first quarter of 1989 to launcha cooperation project between Belgiumand Spain. A similar study on young Portu-guese nationals from migrant family back-grounds has been postponed until 1989 forfinancial reasons.The Centre's activities for migrants con-cerns both young people and adults. Withregard to the latter group, a study has beencarried out on the continuing training provi-

sion for Greek migrants returning to Gree-ce from the Federal Republic of Germany.The study focusses on management trai-ning requirements for migrants wishing toset up their own business in Greece andaims to develop training modules geared tomeet the specific information and trainingneeds of this target group. The study iscurrently in preparation; the workshop onthis subject has been postponed to 1989.

Technical support

The Centre was also involved in two mee-tings held on its premises in 1988 on topicswhich are particularly relevant to its activi-ties in this field.It provided technical support for and alsoplayed an active contributing role in a con-ference run by the Free University Berlin oninitial and continuing training provision formigrant workers. The Centre also coopera-ted with the Technical University Berlin andUNESCO in organizing a symposium onwomen in international migration.

2 9 30

VIII. Initial vocational training

1. Project 8.1018: Vocational training and preparation for aduitand working lifeThe next few years will probably bring a fall in youth unemployment rates. Despite thistrend, there is still an urgent need to upgrade the vocational training provision for youngpeople in qualitative terms, in particular in the Member States and regions wheb.a trainingsystems are less well developed.

Technical support

The Centre's activities in this field in 1988were mainly concerned with disseminatingthe findings of its previous research work.Additionally, the Centre hosted and providedtechnical support for a meeting organizedby BBJ-Consu Its) under the auspices of thecompetent federal German ministry on meth-ods to combat youth unemployment in theEuropean Community and the developmentof exchange schemes in this connection.

Observations

CEDEFOP contacted the Commission onseveral occasions during 1988 with a viewto determining how the Centre could bestassist the Commission in implementing the

PETRA programme,') which was set up byDecision of the Council of the EuropeanCommunities of 1 December 1987. The de-liberations envisaged the possibility of theCentre implementing a specific part of theresearch programme referred to in theDecision. Because of numerous admini-strative difficulties, CEDEFOP will have toconfine its role here to providing technicalsupport for the agencies selected by theCommission to assist it in managing theprogrammes. The Community programmeof study visits (see project 5.1038) is to bedirectly linked to the PETRA project. Thedelay incurred in waiting for a concertedapproach in this connection also implied adelay for the Centre in launching newinitiatives.

2. Project 8.2098! Vocational guidance and counselling, with specialreference tothe long-term unemployed

The aim of this project !s to list, evaluate and compare the guidance and counsellingservices available in the EC Member States with a view to developing pruposals forimproving and harmonizing the existing structures and systems.

Results: comparative study

Eight national reports were complied(Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Ne-therlands, Portugal, Spain and UK) on the

-31

basis of uniform criteria, and a contract hasbeen concluded fur a synthesis report to bedrawn up from these eight documentsEvaluation and publication of the synthesisreport have been postponed to 1989.

- 30

3. Project 8.3058: innovative training and employment activitiesfor disabledpersons

The 30 million or so disabled persons living in the Community are among those who are

the most vulnerable to the vicissitudes of the labour market and have an unemployment

rate which is three to six times higher than that of their non-disabled fellow-citizens. Theactivities of the Centre in this field are therefore concentrated on the relation betweenrehabilitation measures and occupational integration for the various categories ofdisabled persons.

Results: action-research Technical support

The Centre organized a European confe-rence in 1988 on new forms of occupationalintegration for the disabled in the EC MemberStates in cooperation with the Institute forEmployment Lnd Vocational Training (IEFP)of the Ministry of Labour, Portugal.One of the most important conclusions ofthe conference was the need for moreactive involvement of disabled persons andtheir representative organizations in boththe design and implementation of occupa-tional rehabilitation measures and projects.A revision of the ESF criteria would have apositive impact in this respect. It was alsopointed out that no Member State haslegislative provisions to effectively promotethis type of employment scheme. The re-port on the conclusions of this conferenceis currently available in German; transla-tion into English, French and Portuguese isenvisaged. Because of budget difficulties,the study on training and employment fordisabled persons in an open environmentwas not launched until the end of 1988.

The Centre was approached to provideinputs for numerous meetings in 1988, forexample the European congress on theuse of new technologies in employmentand vocational training for the disabled,held in Liege, and the seminar on trainingand employment for the disabled, held inKonigswinter.

°A Yiw

AMC

rfZ

IX. Continuing training

1. Project 9.1068: Equal opportunities and vocational training

The main tasks of the Centre in this field in 1988 were to evaluate vocational trainingschemes for women and to improve the statistical material available in the Community onvocational training provision for women.

Results, and research work

With regard to the first task set out in the1988 Work Programme, the Centre deve-loped an evaluation questionnaire to becompleted by organizations providing vo-cational training for women.A substantial number of replies were recei-ved, and these, together with various stu-dies previously conducted on this subject,provided a basis for CEDEFOP to commis-sion the development of an initial analysismatrix.At the beginning of December, while thismatrix was being developed, some 60experts met to discuss evaluation metho-dologies. The results of this exchange ofviews will be used to refine the draft matrixin 1989.With a view to advancing further in thisfield, the Centre also launched an evalua-tion study on compariy training program-mes for women using the following criteria:er'iployment conditions, work organizationwithin the company and the women's ex-pectations with regard to their employ-ment. A research contract relating to someof the Member States was concluded witha specialized institute.With regard to the second objective set out

in the Work Programme 1988, a group ofexperts from four Member States was setup and commissioned with the task ofcarrying out a situation diagnosis in thesefour Member States with regard to data onwomen's participation in vocational trainingschemes. At a meeting of the group in Apra,it was agreed that this issue cannot be seenin isolation from the larger problem of thelack of statistical material on vocationaltraining in general. To conclude its work thegroup developed a catalogue of variablesspecifically relating to women to whichconsideration should be given in any syste-matic approach to collecting data on voca-tional training.The MemberStates are initiating an increa-singly wide range of measures relating tothe question of equal opportunities, and theCentre is frequently approached to contri-bute inputs relating to vocational training.The Centre accordingly participated invarious meetings on this subject. In addi-tion, sponsored by the German MarshallFund, one member of the Centre's staffundertook a five-week mission in the Uni-ted States. A report on the mission isfeatured in "CP.:.EFOP flash" 1/1989.

-33-3(1

2. Project 9.2078: Continuing training for adults and the long-termunemployed

Continuing training is of particular importance today, especially in view of the changestaking place in both occupational profiles and work processes and also of the indicationsthat the coming years will bring a fall in the manpower replacement rate. These factorsimply a certain need for more skill upgrading and retraining for the existing labour force.The activities of CEDEFOP in this field are mainly concerned with assisting theCommission in implementing an action programme on adult training and supporting otherinitiatives taken in this field at the European level.

Technical support and assistance

Drawing on research jointly carried out withthe European Foundation for the Improve-ment of Living and Working Conditions inDublin, a number of proposals and recom-mendations were drawn up in 1988 relatingto action at Community level to combatlong-term unemployment (see "CEDEFOPflash" 2/88).The Second European Congress on Conti-

nuing Education and Training, held in Ber-lin in October 1988, provided an occasionfor comparing and contrasting the expe-rience gained in this field in the countries ofwestern Europe and to confirm a numberofworking hypotheses (see "CEDEFOP flash"6/88). CEDEFOP assisted in designing thiscongress, which attracted approximatelyone thousand participants, and also orga-nized, in part jointly with the EC Commis-sion, three of its workshops.

3. Project 9.3048: Continuing training in enterprises for technological change

Despite the lead role played by technology in the changes processes taking place invirtually all sectors and companies, it is seldom that adequate importance is attached tothe management of technological innovation. The development and transfer of thenecessary skills are the Centre's main subjects of study in this field.

A report on continuing training in compa-nies for technological change was publis-hed in 1988 in three languages. Work on asecond report on continuing training as anagent of technological change has reachedan advanced stage and the document willbe ready for publication early in 1989.

-34-33

X. New training technologies and media

1. Project 10.1038: Distance education and training

The potential role of distance training, in particular for continuing training purposes, isbecoming increasingly apparent. Numerous factors suggest that open forms of distancelearning using technologically sophisticated media are spearheading a major restructu-ring of vocational training provision.The aim of the Centre's activities in this field is to promote transnational cooperation indistance Veining and to contribute to the activities of the Commission (in particular theCOMETT programme).

Results: comparative studies

The work completed in 1987 served useful-ly in 1988, being drawn on at a nationalconference held in Italy and also for thepreparation of a conference in Spain andFrance on distance learning and small andmedium enterprises. The national mono-graphs on distance education and training

I',

eq. s.:41.'4":111411

1'Amy

for small and medium enterprises (seeAnnual Report 1987) were also dissemina-ted in this connection. Concerning activi-ties launched in 1988, mention should bemade of the new study to identify the pre-conditions for transnational cooperationventures in distance education and lear-ning (case studies for integration in theCOM ETT8) programme activities).

-35- 34Photo: Vollmer

Technical support and assistance

A feasibility study and test work was laun-ched on a database on distance educationand training projects in Europe; the objec-tive here is to promote transnational coope-ration in the field.With regard to the outputs from the variousactivities, mention should be made of thefollowing:

III five national monographs in three lan-guages on distance education and trainingfor small and medium enterprises (Italy,France, Spain, FRG, UK), and a synthesisreport prepared by CEDEFOP;III a basic document for developing theARC I P ELAGO project ;°)III intermediate documents on case stu-dies of cooperation models and the prepa-ration of a database.

2. Project 10.2088: Audiovisual technologies and vocational training

Radio and television seem to be suitable media for the purposes of vocational training andmore particularly for occupational guidance and counselling. CEDEFOP is keen toanalyse the possibilities opened up by these media in the vocational training field.

Technical support

In mid-April, representatives of public andprivate radio and television broadcastinginstitutions from 11 European countriesmet forthe first time at the Centre to explorethe possibilities ui formulating a joint re-sponse to this challenge. The meeting wasorganized within the framework of Euro-pean Cinema and Television Year in coo-peration with FEDUC010) (a Dutch TVproducer federation), the European Broad-casting Union and the European Bureau forAdult Education. There are plans to followup this initial meeting with others organizedas joint ventures at different venues once ayear or every two years.CEDEFOP was also involved in implemen-ting a multi-year research project entrusted

by the Commission to the European Institu-te of Communication (Manchester). Theproject is concerned with profiling radio andtelevision programmes which could helpunemployed persons to find employmentor start their own business.Finally, t he Centre undertook initial steps toestablish contact with producers of educa-tional media in various Member States witha view to promoting cooperation and co-productions.

-36-35

XI. Training of trainers

1. Project 11.1138: Training of trainers

Training trainers is a complex matter in Europe as it means responding to a veryheterogenecus population group with different and constantly changing training needsusing strategies, therefore, which are tailored to individual circumstances yet suitable formore general application.

Results: comparative studies

A meeting was organized by CEDEFOP inMay to present and discuss the preliminaryfindings of the studies launched in 1987 ontrainers/ tutors of young people in firms(France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,United Kingdom) with a view to developinga typology of those engaged in providingvocational training and identifying theirrespective needs. The draft national re-ports were partly modified in the light of theconclusions of this meeting. The above-mentioned studies are currently being trans-lated; the original language versions (Eng-lish and French) will be published in the firstquarter of 1989. This series of reports is tobe supplemented by two reports on thesame subject on which work has alreadybegun in Luxembourg and the Netherlands(countries which indicated an interest inparticipating in the project), and finally by acomparative synthesis/analysis which iscurrently being prepared on the basis of thesix studies already finalized. Again in vneffort to clarify the training situation in Europe,a general study on the training of trainers inPortugal has just been completed and iscurrently awaiting publication. This study isto be presented at national level at a mee-

ting to be held with the participation ofCEDEFOP in Lisbon in January 1989. Spainhas announced that the presentation of itscorresponding national report has beenpostponed to a later date. As trainers havea wide range of occupational profiles andthese are constantly evolving to respond tochanging circumstances, the Centre held ameeting in December to identify the mostsignificant trends in this respect and obtainindications on the direction to be taken infuture research activities. A "CEDEFOPflash" reporting on the findings of this meetingis currently being prepared for publication.

Technical support

Subsequent to the meeting of public-sectortraining institutions engaged in providinntraining for trainers held in December 19E7,CEDEFOP undertook to provide technicalsupport and serve as a clearing house forexchanging information on a Europeantraining of trainers project launched at theinitiative of AFPA") France, ENAIP'2) Italy,INEM'3) Spain, and CNFF-IEFP14) Portu-gal. The Centre also provided support forthree preparatory meetings (Brussels, Rome,Lisbon) at the request of tha institutionsconcerned. Finally, the Centre participatedin national and Community

- 37 -

meetings on this topic, in particular in aninternal meeting organized by the servicesof the Commission on the training of trainers

working with adults and in the meetingsorganized by EUROTECN ET") within theframework of its training of trainers project.

2. Project 11.2148: Vocational training in small and medium enterprises

Vocational training in small and medium enterprises is a key factor in economicdevelopment. The financial situation of many such enterprises, however, is not sufficientlystrong to allow for investment in training and human resource development. The aim ofthe Centre's work in this field is to develop an instru mentariu m which allows entrepreneursto assess their training needs and to raise awareness of the importance of training witha view to the single market of 1992.

Results: research activities

The "European guidelines on training forentrepreneurs and managers in the SMEsector" were completed in 1988. Theseguidelines are presented in four volumes:guidelines for persons wanting to establisha small business, guidelines for small ent-erprises in the start-up phase, guidelinesfor established small enterprises, guideli-nes on preparing for 1992.This project necessitated numerous wor-king meetings and consultations with spe-cialists in the SME field. Initial steps werealso taken to prepare "national" versions ofthese guidelines. Two pre-existing reportswhich are of particular relevance to t!-,eCentre's projects were updated and publis-hed: "Management education for small andmedium sized enterprises in the EuropeanCommunities" and "Concept for an ex-change network for the development ofvocational training in small and mediumenterprises".These two reports form the

basis of a network which is currently beingestablished by the Centre in order to publi-cize positive experiences in the field of vo-cational training in SMEs.

Technical support and assistance

Preparation of an information and tutorialpackage on the establishment of an ex-change programme between two Commu-nity regions (Liguria and Lyon-Rhoe.ne-Alpes) as a concrete aid to SM Es: this workwas carried out using a uniform methodo-logy for both regions and ultimately encom-passed three projects with the advent of athird partner (Zaragoza, Spain). The Centreprovided support for this network as amechanism for publicizing positive expe-riences and also participated in several ofits meetings. Mention should also be madeof the cooperation with the SME TaskForce, which focussed on a strategy ofuniting forces to confront the problem ofpromoting vocational training in SMEs.

-383

XII. Regional development

Project 12.1068: Regional development and vocational training

In an effort to gain insight into the problems of decentralizing vocational training andmaking it a driving force of economic development, the Centre addressed itself in 1988to the matter of the coherence of interventions by the Community and central and regionalgovernments.

Results

Descriptions of the functioning and interlin-kages between the three levels of interven-tion were drawn up for Belgium, Spain,France, Italy and the Federal Republic ofGermany in preparation for a seminar heldat the Centre on 22 and 23 November.These monographs were presented at theseminar and are now available as workingdocuments in the original languages andalso French and/or English.The proposals forthcoming from the semi-nar were compiled in a document written inGerman; this document is to be translatedinto several Community languages in 1989.

Technical support

The Centre published a report in 1988 onthe feasibility of clovr cooperation bet-ween initial and continuing training institu-tions in the Saar/Lorraine/Luxembourgregion.In addition, the Centre contributed to aninterregional European forum held in Trierin November by presenting a report on itsexperiences in this field with a view topromoting discussion and cooperation

among the regions represented.In connection with the research forum project,the Centre instigated and subsequentlyprovided technical ,tipport for a transnatio-nal research project conducted by twoinstitutes operating in regions with similaremployment problems to analyse trainingneeds and evaluate training programmemethodologies.

Observations

With regard to new activities in the field ofregional development, it should be pointedout that at the request of the Commission,preparations for the third forum which wasto address the subject of rural areas wereabandoned in favou r of a survey of vocatio-nal training programmes which have ser-ved as agents of economic and socialdevelopment in certain regions of theCommunity. A questionnaire developed andtranslated into the various languages byCEDEFOP is currently being analysed inseveral Member States.

- 39 - 33

References

1. EURYDICE

2. ILO

3. ICODOC

4. CIDOC

5. EUDISED

6. BBJ-Consult

7. PETRA

8. FAD

9. COMET T

10.ARCIPELAGO

11.FEDUCO

12.AFPA

13.ENAIP

14.INEM

15.CNFF-IEFP

16.EUROTECNET

The education information network in the European Community

International Labour Office

Intercommt, nautair Documantatie- centrum voor Beroepscpleiding

Centre Intercommunautaire de Documentation pour la formationprofessionelle

European Documentation and Information System for Education

Verein zur Forderung kultureller und beruflicher Bildung von Jugeld-lichen and Jungen Erwachsenen e.V.

The European Community Action Programme for the VocationalTraining of Young People arai their Preparation for Adult andWorking Life

Formation a Distance/Distance training

Action Programme of the European Community in Education andTraining in Technology

Dastance training(tourism industry)

Federatie Educatieve Omroep

Association Nationale pour la Formation Professionnelle des Adultes

Ente Nazionale all'Istruzione Professionale

Institute Nacional de Empleo

Centro Nacional de Formagao de Formadores-I nstituto do Empregoe Formagao Profissional

New Information Technologies and Vocational Training - A Networkof Demonstration Projects

3940 -

Synopsis

Human and financial resourcv

lt is considered useful in this section to quc'e a number of figures forthe period 1984 -1988to illustrate the development of CEDEFUP's activities:

Staff

No. of staff posts provided')for in the budget

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

45 46 54 59 59

No. of staff occupyingposts ill December 1988by categv y

AR) Bstaff

C local total

27 10 20 2 59

Budget appropriations

19843) 19850) 1986P) 1987 1988

Total in ECU 4.560.000 4.910.000 7.388.0000 6.586.000 7.318.000

Increase in (%) 8,31 7,68 50,47 -10,86 11,12

(1) including local staff

(2) including the three members of the Directorate and ten translators

(3) provisional "one twelfth" ruling

(4) including ECU 1.661.000 for the fitting out of premises and the new conferenceroom

- 41 - 40

Total expert liture

Year Total in ECU Increase in (%)

1984 4.210.171,74 8,761985 4.698.257,02 11,591986 7.332.796,10 56,071987 6.320.554,93 -13,801988 7.133.118 41 11,29

In the oppinion of the Centre, the listing of expenditure by chapter, as described in thecurrent regulations, does not give a clear indication of the actual use of available funds.This can be seen from the following chapter which (at the request of the Court of Auditors)is based on 1988 expenditure:

Sector Expenditurein %

A. Directorate 7,81B. Administration 7,62C. Interpreting and translation 26,48D. Information, documentation, publications 18,34E. Projects, research work, studies 39,75

100,00

41- 42 -

Expenditure In diagramm form

Information,Documentation,Publications

Interpreting,Translation

Administration

Operational expenditure

Directorate

Projects,Research work,Studies

1984 1985(1) 1986 1987(') 19880)

Utilization rate in % 97,36 97,91 99,71 99,65 98,29

(1) Budget managed according to the "one-Twelfth* ruling 42-43-

Table of Projects

NumberStaffresponsible

Objectives/principal activities

1.1018

1.2098

Documentation andlibrary service

Visitor service andcontacts with intere-sted professionals

J.M.AdamsM.NICheallaighL.Weiss

G. ChomON. Wolischlager

Results: WDWPPai/P3)

Management of the networkcovering all 12 MemberStates plus the associated or-ganizationsUse of the network for theproduction of dossiers andcollection of information, e.g.- for b a EC st, Jy visit pro-

grammeon audiovisual material andvocational trainingfor the bibliography/docu-mentation section of thejournal `VocationalTraining'

Establishment and develop-ment of the bibliographical da-tabase

Handling enquiries from CE-DEFOP, the Community andnational institutes

Contribution towards organi-zing a conference on the da-tabase

Attended to 580 visitors, 3/4from EC Member States and1/4 from non-Communitycountries

P: Second edition of theThesaurus with equi-valents in 7 langua-ges(DE,DAES,FR.GIVIPT)

WD: Dossiers on audiovi-sual materialvocational trainingDossier on vocationaltraining and rural de-velopment

Bibliographical database

PP: Report on the confe-rence on thedatabase (EN, FR)

: CEDEFOP documenton databases on edu-cation and vocationaltraining(DE,EN,FR,1T)

1) WD: Working document, for discussion, limited distribution2) PP: Document in the process of publication, for wide distribution3) P: Published document, in course of distributionN.B.: For the publications in the various languages, refer to Annex 4

-44- 43

Number Title Staffresponsible

Objectives/principal activities

Results: WDIVP.P4/P3)

1.3088 Audiovisual supports N.Wolischidger Completion of a new video on P: Video - FranceD.Guerra the vocational training system (versions in

In France DE,EN,NL,ES)Publicity and sales

1.4088 "Report on socialdevelopments',

chapter on vocationaltraining

N.Wollschlager Contribution to the chapter,with support from members ofthe Management Board

1.5108 Vocalonal training B.Linshaft- Preparation of a comprehen- Working documents on theterminology Stiller sive glossary on vocational

training:items currently beingresearched/revised

- four meetings o, theInterinstitutional Group forTerminology and Docu-rluntation (GT 6/GIIT)

Terminological support fcmultilingual projects- ''' .ep ..)rtfor project 4.1078 (Compara-bility of vocational training

WD: Compilation of resultsfrom an evaluation ofthe preliminarydocuments:

qualifications) DE,DK,ES,FR,PT,UK

2.1028 Journal "Vocational Directorate Publication of three issues in See Annex: Ust ofTraining' G.Dupont

B.MOhlmannM.Zwanink

nine languages Publicat ons (15%increase in the number ofpayable subscriptions)

2.2088 CEDEFOP news DirectorateN.WolischiAger

Publication of raur issues

introduction and developmentof a new design format andnew publishing mode

P: Four issues in threelanguages

(desktop)

2.3118 CEDEFOP flash Directorate Publication and rapid Eight issues in at least fiveM.Zwanink distribution of the results of

conferences and projects ofpriority importance to

languages(see Annex: Ust ofPublications)

CEDEFOP and theCommission

-45- 44

Number Tide Staffresponsible

Objectives/principal activities

Results: WD1VPPa /P3)

2.4098

2.5128

PeriodicalsPress informationservice

Productioi , distribu-don and promotion ofpublications

DirecteurG. ChomO

B.MohimannM.Zwanink

Communication of pressreleases to the media

Organization of pressconferences on CEDEFOPactivities

interviews with Journalists

Publication of variousdocuments of the Centre incooperation with the Office forOfficial Publications

Publicity campaigns

Management of t le Centre'scomputerized mailing lists

Data exchange with the Officefor Official Publications for thedistribution of CEDEFOPpublications

Participation in conferencesand Community events withown stand for sales promotion

4J

11 press releases

Four press conferences

See Annex: List ofPublications

See Annual keport

Updating of the mailinglists

See Annual Report

- 46 -

Number Title Staffresponsible

Objectives/principal activities

Results: WDIVP1m/P31

3.2028 Financing of vocatio-nal training, in parti-cular continuingtraining

G. DupontF. Oliveira Reis

Completion of five nationalreports on the financing ofcontinuing vocational training- FOCUS 2 (13,D,F,I,NL)

Launching of FOCUS 2studies in Ireland, Greece,Denmark and Portugal

Development of a preliminarystructure for the FOCUS 2synthesis report

Completion of studies onInitial vocational training(FOCUS 1) In Portugal andSpain; updating of thecorresponding report on Italy

Cooperation with theStatistical Office of the ECwith a view to the systematiccollection of data on vocatio-nal training (participation intwo meetings in Luxembourg)

Contribution to issue 3/88 of"Vocational Training"

4 ()

PP: Five FOCUS 2reports

PP: Two FOCUS1 reports (the reporton Portugal hasalready been trans-fated into French)Revised FOCUS 1report on Italy

WD: Reformulation of theVET questionnaires(vocational training)

- 47 -

Number TitleStaffresponsible

Objectives/principal activities

Results: WD PP2)/P3)

3.3078 The role of the socialpartners in initial andcontinuing vocationaltraining

B. SellinG.Dupont

Five monographs to completethe in-depth analysis of howtho "social dialogue" operatesin the field of initial andcontinuing vocational training

Synthesis report

Two Community-wide studies

Contribution to the journal*Vocational Training", 2/88

Organization of a colloquiumon this theme, In cooperationwith the Economic and SocialCommittee and the Commis-sion of the EC

4'7

P: Two reports: IRL, PWD: Three reports (to be

published in 1989):ES,GR,L

PP: One synthesis report:

P: Two reports:EN,FR,DE

One "CEDEFOP flash"reporting on the elusionsof the colloquium (7/88,DE,EN,FR,ES)

- 48

Number Title Staffresponsible

Objectives /principal activities

Results: WD's /PP=) /P3)

4.1078 Comparability of vo-cational training qua-lifications

B. Se ilinP. GrootingsM. F. Chatelain

Implementation of the CouncilDecision of 16 July 1985

Organization of eightmeetings on the followingoccupational groups'sectors:- agriculture/horticulture/

forestry- electrotechnology- textiles/clothing- textile IndustryCooperation in organizing ameeting with the nationalcoordination bodies

Coordination with thedepartments of the Commis-sion on future activities,Interim reports, etc.

Commissioning and organiza-tion of preliminary studies onthree additional sectors:- metalworking- office and administration,

including banking andInsurance

- chemicals and processindustry

_48

CEDEFOP flash 1/88 innine languages

WD: Four reports in ninelanguages on the foursectors under review

WD: Preliminary study onthe sector: mono-graph., on eightMember States

-49-

Number Title Staffresponsible

Objectives/principal activities

Results: WV/PP2)/P3)

5.1038 EC study visitprogramme

D. GuerraC. Presle

Organization and manage-ment of this Community-wideprogramme (42 visits for 247specialists)

Annual meeting of NationalLiaison Officers

Exchange of information anddocumentation on comparableInitiatives at Community level

Questionnaire -based surveyamong the participants in the1985, 1986 and 1987programmes to determine theextent and durability ofcooperation among theparticipants

Continuous programmeevaluation activities

Documentation study forInclusion in the participants'dossiers

Cooperation In organizingnational meetings in connec-tion with thestudy visit programme

Production of a Europeandirectory of vocational trainingInstitutions

49

PP: Report

PP: Evaluation report 1988in four languages(EN,FR,DE,IT)

P: Despatch of 136 dos-siers to participants

P: Experience reports, acollection of articlesby participants(EN,FR,DE)1987 programme

PP: Evaluation report1988

PP: CEDEFOP docu-ment: experience1988 programme

P: Multilingual directory

-50-

Number Title Staffresponsible

Objectives/principal activities

Results: WD /PP2/133)

6.1048

7.1058

Forum for nationalresearch and deve-lopment institutes

Problems of employ-ment and qualifica-tion In the textile/clothing sector inSpain, Greece andPortugal

W.McDormentJ.M.Adams

T.BertzeletouB.Sellin

Organization of the annualmeeting of directors ofresearch Institutes toexchange information on newresearch projects

Collection, translation anddistribution of 13 reports ofnational R&D Institutesconcerned with vocationaltraining

Workshop on vocationaltraining scenarios for the year2000

Study on training needsamong master craftsmen andforemen in the textile/

Feasibility study on theestablishment of a centre fortechnical counselling,Information and training forthe textile/clothing sector inGreece

50

PP: Report on the 1988forum in threelanguages(DE,EN,FR)

P: CEDEFOP flash Z.38

WD: 13 synthesis reportson national searchand developmentprojects; dissemina-Lion of the reports"Workforce 2000USA' and'Vocationalism in the Japaneseeducation system"CEDEFOP Introduc-tory report

PP: Three reports inES,GR,PT respecti-vely

PP: Report In GRSynthesis report inEN

- 51 -

Number Tide Staffresponsible

Objectives/principal activities

Results: WDD/PP21/P33

7.2058 Vocational training T.Bertzeletou Launch of a study on SME PP: Report on training forand the voluntary G.Chome management training needs young generation(re- )integration of among Greek migrants wan- migrants in Belgiumyoung second-generation migrants

ting to return to Greece after astay in the Federal Republicof Germany

and Spain

Launch and follow-up of thebi-national training program-me for 60 young Greeks frommigrant family backgrounds Inthe Federal Republic ofGermany and Greece

Symposium on women in irher-national migration In coopera-tion with UNESCO and theTechnical University Berlin

Cooperation In organizing aconference on the educat