doe ul electrical safety update (childers)
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Agenda
Whats going on?
A new On-line Capability- Easy to use, no charge- Great information: Guide Book & NEC data
ULs Special Advisory Services- New & Unusual
- Hazard-based Assessments and POA
The Next Decade: Its all about ENERGY!
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So what is going on?
On-line Assistance via an On-Line Directory
The New & Unusual Program
A New and Unusual Example
Summary
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S h i i ?
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So what is going on?
On-line Assistance via an On-Line Directory
The New & Unusual Program
A New and Unusual Example
Summary
All Th Ad t g
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All The Advantages
Clearly Defined Rules &Regulations
Promotes StandardDevelopment
Optimizes & DiversifiesStaff Engineering Time
Improved Tracking ofProduct Development
Customer Satisfaction
Product Integrity
Better Business
Decisions
Accelerated Process
Special AdvisoryServices
S h t i g i g ?
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So what is going on?
On-line Assistance via an On-Line Directory
The New & Unusual Program
A New and Unusual Example
Summary
Wind Turbine Manufacturers
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Wind Turbine Manufacturers GE Energy, Vestas, Gamesa, Suzlon, Enercon, Siemens, Clipper
Wind, Goldwind, Xian Nordex & more about thirty LS-WTEGM 7,000 + wind turbines installed worldwide (07 +/- 8,500)
Commercial, Utility / Govt owned or operated
60 GW global generating ( 72 GW 07) / 10 GW in US ( 12 GW) Limited Available Certification
Use IEC standards that lack robust, up-to-date electrical shock, fire andHBSE / RISK requirements given diverse electrical rating ranges
UL Classification program is pending the development of appropriaterequirements
California #1 (3 k) Texas #2 (2.4 k)Minnesota #3 (< 1 k)
Source: Renewable 2005, Martinot et al; ACORE
Wind Energy Generating Capacity
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Wind Energy Generating Capacity
Source: AWEA
Large Scale WTG Technology Advancements
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Large Scale WTG Technology Advancements
Source: AWEA
Technology and Safety Issues
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Technology and Safety Issues
Production of larger turbines 1-3.6 MW turbines have blade diameters of 60 to 115 m
3-blade rotor; a 3-stage gearbox is most common Germanys Enercon produces a single-gear generator
5 MW turbines are the largest; three prototypes are
functioning Site (Terrestrial / Near or Far off-shore)
Large amounts of land required; permit and site issues Offshore wind farms have great potential (Denmark
160 MW)
Putting It Into Perspective 1.5 MW Turbine
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Perspective
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Perspective
G t1.5 MW Turbine
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PitchSystem
Gear Box
Brake
Slip Ring
Generator
Top Box
WiringHarness
Yaw Drive
Bus
Duct
DTASite 1 - USA
Site GMBH
Winch
In-LineHeater
Cables andInterconnections
Color Key
Wind VaneAnemometer
Internal Diagram 1.5 MW Turbine
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Evaluation @ 1.5 MW - Specifications
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Cut-in / out @ 4 & 25 m / sRated WS @ 1.5 MW: 13 m / sRD: 70.5 m
HA / 3-blade upstreamSweep Area: 3 904 m 2
Tower: 100 m
(5) Yaw: EM system withwind C & D sensors; a
PLC system with R / Cand monitoring
(6) Generator: Dual-fed3 asynchronous
(3) Noise suppressionfor blades, gearboxand e-generator
(1) WP Control: A dynamicblade / pitch control system
(2) Fail safe braking system
with an e-mech individualblade pitch control systemhaving a dynamic hydraulicparking brake(7) Gearbox: A planetary
three-step spur gear
system
Wind Turbine
System M / EAttributes
(4) Converter: PW-M,IGBT f-type s-s techno
WTEG Dynamics
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1. Wind Fuel: W k = ( A V 3 )Wk = ( 3 904 m 2 13 3 )
Betzs Theoretical Limit @ 59.3%
4. Factorsrho ( ) = Coefficient of wind density
( eff ) = Coefficient of machine efficiencyLift / Drag Aerodynamics, CE, and MS
significantly influence performance
3. Refined Electric Power P W = ( eff p 3 904 13 3 )
1.5 MW = ( 0.7 0.5 3 904 13 3 )
( 70% typical efficiency rating )(0.5 typical D-coefficient )
2. Wind Electric Power Wind Electric Power Watts = 1/2 ( A V3 )P W = ( 3 904 13 3 )P W converted to M hp
W k = Wind EnergyA = Area in m 2
V 3 = Velocity cubed( kg / m 3 )
Nacelle And Single Unit 1.5 MW Generator
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Working Space & Clearances
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2.5 MW Turbine - Integrated Lift / Modular Generator
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Wiring From Nacelle Through Tower
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Conductor Bundle and Raceway
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Typical Service Access Means 1.5 MW
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Lighting Protection
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Major Component / Standard / Requirement Strategy
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Winch: UL 1340 (Article 610)
In-line Heater: UL 499 - Electric Heating Appliances Generator Insulation System: UL1446 - Systems of Insulating Materials Bussway: IEEE C37.23 Metal Enclosed Bus (Article 368) Cartridge Heaters (for gearbox): UL1030 - Sheathed Heating Elements
Generator: UL1004B (Article 445) Slip Ring: UL 508 (Article 670) Yaw Drive: UL 508 Gearbox: UL 508
Brake Assembly: UL 508 Anemometer: UL 508 DTA: UL1741 - Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection
System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources
Top Box: UL 508A (Article 409) Pitch Control: UL 508A (Article 700-702) Hub Components (other than Pitch): UL 508A Lightning Protection: UL 96 / 96A (Article 285 / NFPA 780, etc)
Major Component / Standards/ Requirement(s)
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Sub-assemblies: NFPA 70, NFPA 79, NFPA 70B Machine head Tower sections HubFull Wind Turbine Electrical - OOI / NFPA 79 Fire - OOI / NFPA 79 Lightning Protection - UL 96, UL 96A, NFPA 780, Annex O, UL 1449-3rd
Ed., IEC 62305 series, IEC TR61400-24, Germanischer Lloyd-Guideline forWind Turbines 2003-IV-8-9
Mechanical - IEC 61400-2 Short Circuit UL 891 - Deadfront Switchboards (Article 408) Grid interconnection FERC / Power Purchase Agreements / Local, State
Utility or Public Utility Commission / UL 1741 Sub-assembler concerns - IPI related, OEM Classification vs Listing OOI, UL Standards, NFPA 79, IEC 61400-2, etc UL Field Evaluations (various UL Standards, NEC, HBSE, Functional Safety)
So what is going on?
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On-line Assistance via an On-Line Directory
The New & Unusual Program
A New and Unusual Example
Summary - and Thank You Very Much!