Doing Inclusion Inclusively Doing Inclusion Inclusively (and using EBP to do it well)(and using EBP to do it well)

Michael S. Kelly, Ph.D.Michael S. Kelly, Ph.D.Loyola University ChicagoLoyola University Chicago

Casper School Social Work Dept.Casper School Social Work Dept.

About Casper, WY Schools: The Directive

• Pop. ~50,000, School District has 11, 500 students, 34 schools, 12 School Social Workers

• School District was charged with increasing the number of students in Inclusion settings across all IEPs

• Thanks, Stimulus $$!

Recent Research

Available at Amazon.com and Oxford’s Social Work website

Published in early 2010 by Oxford: This book models the EBP process to increase the use of evidence-informed practices across all 3 tiers of intervention (with a special focus on SEL-based interventions)

Questions towards Developing an Inclusion Group Model for Casper Natrona District

Questions• Should inclusion differ based on diagnosis?• What targeted behaviors are best suited to work on in an inclusive

environment?• Does putting regular ed and SPED kids together in a tx count as

inclusion? Can it be in other settings (hall, cafeteria)?• Who are the staff in my school that might have inclusion expertise?• Does mixing services with different IEP kids count as inclusion?• How can we do inclusion with disruptive kids?• Can we adopt a flexible posture with inclusion (small group,

classroom, individual)?• What are the other disciplines doing?• How can we write goals to maximize inclusion options?

Key Initial Findings From EBP Process Fall 2010

• Our focused answerable question: “What are the characteristics of effective inclusion models for schools with social-emotional needs in their IEPs?”

• Preliminary answers: • #1 It starts with the IEP team and the creation of the

IEP itself (Keyes & Owens-Johnson, 2003)• #2 Low-level evidence indicates that a combined

pull-out/inclusion model is most effective (Marston, 1996)

Key Initial Findings From EBP Process Fall 2010

• Our focused answerable question: “What are the characteristics of effective inclusion models for schools with social-emotional needs in their IEPs?”

• #3 A number of promising ideas for doing effective inclusion of IEP students exist (Circle of Friends, MAPs) but limited evidence exists on these approaches’ effectiveness (Pryce et al., 2001)

• #4 Ongoing professional development, parent support groups, and structured teacher consultation time are emphasized (Bauer et al., 2009; Vaughn & Schrumm, 1995) but initial search reveals little strong evidence for these approaches

Our Steps (So Far)• First Meeting early August 2010• September/October 2010: Looked at caseloads determine “best fit”

for piloting inclusion, think about teachers to pilot with you, identify BASS teachers to collaborate with to increase graduation rates, work on increasing teacher collaboration

• November/December 2010: Compiled specific information on caseload (who was getting inclusion SSW services, who was in full resource support)

• January 2011 (MK visits, Consultation with SpEd administration, 1st development of draft of Inclusion Model)

• February-May 2011 (Piloting, refining Inclusion Model)• Summer 2011 (Development of Inclusion Role Plays, Final

Consultation with Other External Partners in August 2011)

Student Background

Variables

School Characteristics

Teacher Characteristics

Family Characteristics

Classroom Characteristics

Student Characteristics

Assessment ActivitiesSpecial Education Eligibility

Inclusion Assessment

•Assessment possibilitiesFamily history and Student Clinical Interview Strengths-based Assessment using BERS-2 •Additional assessment tool options: BASC, Child Behavior Checklist, Hopelessness Scale, Youth Coping Index, SASSI-2•Classroom observation to observe 1) potential need for inclusion and 2) potential “fit” with student, teacher to do inclusion•Consultation and collaboration with mental health professionals and others through a “wraparound model” as indicated•Student involvement in goal setting and charting progress (when possible)

Assessment ActivitiesSpecial Education Eligibility

Inclusion Assessment

Inclusion rule in/rule out variables to assess each time

Student possesses significant social skills deficits that are best addressed in a reg. ed setting

Hygiene and other personal issues that require 1-on-1 time

Teacher interest

Significant parent involvement in the intervention (either by support or replicating it at home)

Grade Level Issues (if K, inclusion is first option; if 8th grade and HS, transition planning and wrap services 1st option)

Different Options for IEP Service Delivery Service Options Outcomes

Full Inclusion Services1st month: classroom observation, student interview goal settingSelection of program to address student needs in classroomRehearse, Practice, Assess, RepeatIncrease student peer support

Full ResourceIEP services delivered in office or other small group settingFor each student, an EBP process to select an intervention or strategy for the year

Hybrid Inclusion/Resource1st month: classroom observation, student interview goal setting2nd month: interview with teacher, goal setting with teacher and student, classroom goal (selection of program)Identification of two “class allies” Rehearsal of skill 2x a month in class, 2 x in officeIf possible, classroom full or exit ssw

•Improve academic performance•Improve student attendance•Decrease behavior disruptions•Increase emotional functioning •Decrease disciplinary actions•Improve transition outcomes•Measured by at least one standardized measure, ODR, and classroom observational rubric

Questions, Comments, “Yeah, buts”?....