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  • Dolphin Research Institute | - in Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia … · 2020-05-03 · location) Figure 5B: Same dolphin photographed 10 days later, cloudy lesion is barely visible
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• Of the 73 re-identifiable dolphins, 33 had no verifiable lesions, 25 had one type and 15 had two types (Figure 4) • Common dolphins observed travelling in a mixed species pod with SABDs appeared to be lesion free • Black lesions on SABD (Figure 6A) identified by Dr Marie- Francoise Van Bressem as tattoo lesions based on images • Cloudy lesion photographed on a SABD on April 7th was barely visible 10 days later (Figures 5A and 5B) Presence of epidermal lesions in resident southern Australian bottlenose dolphins Tursiops australis and short-beaked common dolphins Delphinus delphis in Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia Suzanne Mason (1,2) , Jeffrey Weir (1) , Jennifer Parsons (1) (1) Dolphin Research Institute, PO Box 77, Hastings, Victoria, Australia 3915 (2) Curtin University, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, 6845 Corresponding author [email protected] Reference Wilson, B., P. M. Thompson and P. S. Hammond (1997). “Skin lesions and physical deformities in bottlenose dolphins in the Moray Firth: Population and prevalence and age- sex differences.” Ambio 26(4): 243. Location Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia (Figure 2) is a semi-enclosed embayment of 1930 km 2 and is home to approximately 120 resident SABD and 20 short- beaked common dolphins. DRI has monitored the SABD in Port Phillip since 1991 and the common dolphins since 2007. Background • Prolific epidermal lesions photographed on juvenile dolphin February 2011. This was the first record of a dolphin profoundly affected by lesions in Port Phillip (Figure 1) • Lesions had been previously observed on Port Phillip dolphins but were less conspicuous • Dr Padraig Duignan affirmed that lesions may be cetacean pox based on images • DRI contacted Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) wildlife managers to inform them of the significant increase in lesions levels • DSE sponsored dedicated ‘lesion’ surveys • Recent changes in environmental conditions in Port Phillip due to drought breaking Image analysis • 1426 high quality images examined • Lesions on any part of the dolphin’s body that could be clearly seen in the photograph were scrutinised • Lesions categorised based on characteristics in Wilson et al. (1997) (Table 1) • Fin images matched against DRI’s historical catalogue to allow for on-going monitoring of individual dolphin health Findings • 73 re-identifiable dolphins, consisting of 72 SABD and one short-beaked common dolphin photographed during surveys • Five different lesions types clearly observed on SABD (Figure 3, Figures 5A and 5B and Figures 6 A-F) • White lesions were the most prevalent type observed on SABD (Figure 3 and Figures 6C and 6D ) Acknowledgements Kate Charlton-Robb, Monash University, for assistance during surveys. Dr Padraig Duignan, University of Calgary, for comments on images of lesion-affected dolphins. Ian Potter Foundation for support of core research program. Dr Hugh Finn, Dr Carly Holyoake and Dr Nahiid Stephens, Murdoch University. Dr Marie-Francoise Van Bressem, Cetacean Conservation Medicine Group, Germany for comments on images of lesion affected dolphins. Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment . All images taken under DSE research permit no 10004770. Cetacean poxvirus and epidermal lesions are prevalent in many dolphin populations across the world. Severe lesion outbreaks have been recorded in Australia in the Swan River, Western Australia and Gippsland Lakes, Victoria. Prior to 2011, epidermal lesions were present but inconspicuous on the resident southern Australian bottlenose dolphins (SABD), Tursiops australis, in Port Phillip. A significant change was noted in February 2011 when a juvenile, ‘clean-finned’ animal was photographed with extensive epidermal lesions. Dedicated photo monitoring surveys conducted by the Dolphin Research Institute (DRI) in April 2011 recorded five different epidermal lesion types on 73 re- identifiable resident Port Phillip dolphins (72 SABD’s and 1 short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis). Of these, 40 SABD dolphins showed evidence of lesions; 15 animals exhibited two types of lesions and 25 dolphins a single form of lesion. All affected dolphins displayed normal behaviours and appeared to be in good condition. The most prevalent type of lesion on re-identifiable dolphins was white; this type was observed on 26 of the re-identifiable dolphins. Twelve re-identifiable animals, were photographed with white-fringed spots, the second most common type. Photographs taken ten days apart of one individual with a large cloudy lesion, showed significant healing with limited signs of the lesion after ten days. The situation in Port Phillip is consistent with descriptions in the literature, with lesions occurring after a change in salinity and mostly in younger animals prior to them developing adult immunity. There is a need to develop a systematic classification protocol for lesions. DRI will continue to monitor the presence and extent of epidermal lesions in the resident SABD and short-beaked common dolphins as part of our on-going core research program. Abstract Figure 1: Heavily lesioned juvenile dolphin photographed during core research survey February, 2011. Table 1: Lesion categories as characterised in Wilson et al. (1997) Figure 3: Lesion types clearly verifiable on resident dolphins in Port Phillip, 72 SABD and one short-beaked common dolphin. Categories based on Wilson et al. (1997) Number of affected dolphins Lesion types Suzanne Mason DRI Website Figure 5A: SABD photographed April 7th, 2011 with cloudy lesion below dorsal (arrow shows location) Figure 5B: Same dolphin photographed 10 days later, cloudy lesion is barely visible Poster no P 04 Figure 4: Number of lesion types verifiable on re-identifiable dolphins in Port Phillip, 72 SABD and one short- beaked common dolphin. Categories based on Wilson et al. (1997) No verifiable lesions 1 verifiable lesion type 2 verifiable lesion types Figure 2: Location of resident SABD and short-beaked common dolphins in Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia April 17th, 2011 Figures 6 A-E: Lesion types identified on Port Phillip dolphins. 6A: Black lesion, identified as a tattoo lesion by Dr Marie-Francoise Van Bressem from photos. SABD identified as ‘Ariel’s Calf’. 6B: Black-fringed lesion on SABD. 6C: Two lesion types on same SABD, white and white-fringed lesions. 6D: Numerous small, white lesions on SABD. 6E: Generalised blemishes on ‘Jeb’s’ body were confirmed by Dr Marie-Francoise Van Bressem but not included in analysis. 6F: Common dolphins swimming in SABD pod appeared clean April 7th, 2011 (Image taken by K Charlton-Robb) Image taken by Kate Charlton-Robb White-fringed White A B C D F E Where to from here? DRI will: • Monitor lesions on the resident dolphins as part of our on-going core research program • Collaborate to develop a systematic approach to monitor epidermal lesions in southern Australian • Review two-decade photo dataset for historical trends • Continue to communicate findings to agencies

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Page 1: Dolphin Research Institute | - in Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia … · 2020-05-03 · location) Figure 5B: Same dolphin photographed 10 days later, cloudy lesion is barely visible

•Ofthe73re-identifiabledolphins,33hadnoverifiablelesions,25hadonetypeand15hadtwotypes(Figure4)•CommondolphinsobservedtravellinginamixedspeciespodwithSABDsappearedtobelesionfree•BlacklesionsonSABD(Figure6A)identifiedbyDrMarie-FrancoiseVanBressemastattoolesionsbasedonimages•CloudylesionphotographedonaSABDonApril7thwasbarelyvisible10dayslater(Figures5Aand5B)

Presence of epidermal lesions in resident southern Australian bottlenose dolphins Tursiops australis and short-beaked common dolphins Delphinus delphis

in Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia

Suzanne Mason(1,2),JeffreyWeir(1),JenniferParsons(1)(1) DolphinResearchInstitute,POBox77,Hastings,Victoria,Australia3915(2) CurtinUniversity,CentreforMarineScienceandTechnology,GPOBoxU1987,Perth,WesternAustralia,Australia,[email protected]

Reference Wilson,B.,P.M.ThompsonandP.S.Hammond(1997). “Skin lesions and physical deformities in bottlenosedolphinsintheMorayFirth:Populationandprevalenceandage-sexdifferences.”Ambio26(4):243.

Location PortPhillip,Victoria,Australia(Figure2)isasemi-enclosedembaymentof1930km2andishometoapproximately120residentSABDand20short-beakedcommondolphins.DRIhasmonitoredtheSABDinPortPhillipsince1991andthecommondolphinssince2007.

Background•ProlificepidermallesionsphotographedonjuveniledolphinFebruary2011.ThiswasthefirstrecordofadolphinprofoundlyaffectedbylesionsinPortPhillip(Figure1)•LesionshadbeenpreviouslyobservedonPortPhillipdolphinsbutwerelessconspicuous•DrPadraigDuignanaffirmedthatlesionsmaybecetaceanpoxbasedonimages•DRIcontactedVictorianDepartmentofSustainabilityandEnvironment(DSE)wildlifemanagerstoinformthemofthesignificantincreaseinlesionslevels•DSEsponsoreddedicated‘lesion’surveys•RecentchangesinenvironmentalconditionsinPortPhillipduetodroughtbreaking

Image analysis•1426highqualityimagesexamined•Lesionsonanypartofthedolphin’sbodythatcouldbeclearlyseeninthephotographwerescrutinised•LesionscategorisedbasedoncharacteristicsinWilsonet al.(1997)(Table1)•FinimagesmatchedagainstDRI’shistoricalcataloguetoallowforon-goingmonitoringofindividualdolphinhealth

Findings•73re-identifiabledolphins,consistingof72SABDandoneshort-beakedcommondolphinphotographedduringsurveys•FivedifferentlesionstypesclearlyobservedonSABD(Figure3,Figures5Aand5BandFigures6A-F)•WhitelesionswerethemostprevalenttypeobservedonSABD(Figure3andFigures6Cand6D)

Acknowledgements KateCharlton-Robb,MonashUniversity,forassistanceduringsurveys.DrPadraigDuignan,UniversityofCalgary,forcommentsonimagesoflesion-affecteddolphins.IanPotterFoundationforsupportofcoreresearchprogram.DrHughFinn,DrCarlyHolyoakeandDrNahiidStephens,MurdochUniversity.DrMarie-FrancoiseVanBressem,CetaceanConservationMedicineGroup,Germany for comments on images of lesion affecteddolphins. Victorian Department of Sustainability andEnvironment.AllimagestakenunderDSEresearchpermitno10004770.

Cetaceanpoxvirusandepidermallesionsareprevalentinmanydolphinpopulationsacrosstheworld.SeverelesionoutbreakshavebeenrecordedinAustraliaintheSwanRiver,WesternAustraliaandGippslandLakes,Victoria.Priorto2011,epidermallesionswerepresentbutinconspicuousontheresidentsouthernAustralianbottlenosedolphins(SABD),Tursiopsaustralis,inPortPhillip.AsignificantchangewasnotedinFebruary2011whenajuvenile,‘clean-finned’animalwasphotographedwithextensiveepidermallesions.DedicatedphotomonitoringsurveysconductedbytheDolphinResearchInstitute(DRI)inApril2011recordedfivedifferentepidermallesiontypeson73re-identifiableresidentPortPhillipdolphins(72SABD’sand1short-beakedcommondolphinDelphinus delphis).Ofthese,40SABDdolphinsshowedevidenceoflesions;15animalsexhibitedtwotypesoflesionsand25dolphinsasingleformoflesion.Allaffecteddolphinsdisplayed

normalbehavioursandappearedtobeingoodcondition.Themostprevalenttypeoflesiononre-identifiabledolphinswaswhite;thistypewasobservedon26ofthere-identifiabledolphins.Twelvere-identifiableanimals,werephotographedwithwhite-fringedspots,thesecondmostcommontype.Photographstakentendaysapartofoneindividualwithalargecloudylesion,showedsignificanthealingwithlimitedsignsofthelesionaftertendays.ThesituationinPortPhillipisconsistentwithdescriptionsintheliterature,withlesionsoccurringafterachangeinsalinityandmostlyinyoungeranimalspriortothemdevelopingadultimmunity.Thereisaneedtodevelopasystematicclassificationprotocolforlesions.DRIwillcontinuetomonitorthepresenceandextentofepidermallesionsintheresidentSABDandshort-beakedcommondolphinsaspartofouron-goingcoreresearchprogram.

Abstract

Figure 1: Heavily lesioned juvenile dolphinphotographed during core research surveyFebruary,2011.

Table1:LesioncategoriesascharacterisedinWilsonet al.(1997)

Figure3:Lesiontypesclearlyverifiableonresidentdolphins inPortPhillip,72SABDandoneshort-beakedcommondolphin.CategoriesbasedonWilsonet al.(1997)

Num

berofaffecteddolphins

Lesiontypes

SuzanneMason

DRIWebsite

Figure 5A: SABD photographedApril 7th, 2011with cloudy lesion below dorsal (arrow showslocation)Figure5B:Samedolphinphotographed10dayslater,cloudylesionisbarelyvisible

PosternoP04

Figure 4: Number of lesion typesverifiableonre-identifiabledolphinsinPortPhillip,72SABDandoneshort-beaked common dolphin. CategoriesbasedonWilsonet al.(1997)Noverifiablelesions1verifiablelesiontype2verifiablelesiontypes

Figure2:LocationofresidentSABDandshort-beakedcommondolphinsinPortPhillip,Victoria,Australia

April17th,2011

Figures6A-E:Lesion types identifiedonPortPhillip dolphins. 6A: Black lesion, identifiedas a tattoo lesion by Dr Marie-FrancoiseVan Bressem from photos. SABD identifiedas ‘Ariel’s Calf’. 6B: Black-fringed lesion onSABD.6C:Two lesion typesonsameSABD,whiteandwhite-fringedlesions.6D:Numeroussmall,whitelesionsonSABD.6E:Generalisedblemisheson‘Jeb’s’bodywereconfirmedbyDrMarie-FrancoiseVanBressembutnotincludedinanalysis.6F:CommondolphinsswimminginSABDpodappearedclean

April7th,2011(ImagetakenbyKCharlton-Robb)

ImagetakenbyKateCharlton-Robb

White-fringed

White

A

B

C

D

F

EWhere to from here? DRIwill:•Monitorlesionsontheresidentdolphinsaspartofouron-goingcoreresearchprogram•CollaboratetodevelopasystematicapproachtomonitorepidermallesionsinsouthernAustralian•Reviewtwo-decadephotodatasetforhistoricaltrends•Continuetocommunicatefindingstoagencies

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