dom lavigne - methanol fuels: safe, efficient, affordable & mature
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Presentation by Dom Lavigne titled "Methanol Fuels: Safe, Efficient, Affordable & Mature"TRANSCRIPT
Methanol Fuels: Safe, Efficient, Affordable, and Mature
Dom LaVigneDirector, Government & Public Affairs (AP/ME)
Methanol InstituteSingapore
Overview
Methanol Basics
Methanol as a Transportation Fuel
Global Public Policy Experiences
About MI
Met
hano
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ics About MI
About MI
• Members include:– World’s leading methanol producers;– Distributors; and – Technology companies.
• Provides market support:– To traditional markets & derivatives;– Leads the development of new emerging
markets and applications; and– Delivers safe handling tools to global
distribution chain.
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Raymond James ForumOctober 6, 2009
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About MI: 2012 Members
METOR
OmanMethanolCompany
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Met
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ics Methanol Basics
Met
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ics
The simplest of all alcohols CH3OH A pure clean burning liquid fuel with the highest
available hydrogen to carbon ratio A high octane blending component for gasoline A globally marketed commodity with a distribution
system similar to gasoline A fuel made from non-petroleum feedstocks, such as
natural gas, coal and residue/biomass/renewable A much less flammable fuel than gasoline A fuel competitive with gasoline, and a biofuel
competitive with ethanol
Methanol Basics: Physical Properties
• Name: Methanol• Chemical Family: Aliphatic
Alcohol• Synonyms: Carbinol;
Methyl Alcohol; Wood Alcohol; Wood Spirits
• Formula: CH3OH• CAS #: 67-56-1• Form: Colorless Liquid• pH: 7.2• Solubility: 100%
• Odor: Faintly sweet alcohol• Boiling Point: 148o
• Freezing Point: -144o
• LEL/UEL: 6% and 36%by volume in air
• Vapor Density: 1.11 (@60o)• Vapor Pressure: 1.86 psia (@68o)• Density: 6.63 lb per gallon• Flammable and Toxic
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Methanol Basics: Must Knows of Methanol
Flammable
Burns with a clear, low heat flame
Difficult to see during daylight
Impact confined to size of spill
Biodegrades quickly
Soluble in water
Toxic
Readily absorbed into the body
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Methanol Basics: Polygeneration
Natural Gas
Coal
Synthesis Gas
Methanol
Methanol
Gasoline
Fuels DME
Chemicals Formaldehyde
Acetic Acid
Olefins
Chemicals
MTBE
Fuels
CO2
Biomass
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Methanol Basics: Chemical Applications
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Methanol as a Transportation Fuel
Methanol Basics: Transportation Fuel Applications
Direct Fueling• Blended with gasoline (M3 – M85)• 8 million metric ton annual demand (2.6 billion gallons)• BioMethanol is 2nd Generation biofuel
Dimethyl Ether• Either DME or BioDME• Can be used neat or blended with propane• Low-carbon, no-sulfur, diesel replacement• Transport market is emerging with partners like
Volvo and Nissan. Pilots in EU, Japan and China
Biodiesel• Key ingredient in esterfication• Renewable methanol can make ultra-clean biodiesel• Roughly 15-20% of oil source by mass
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Methanol Basics: Transportation Fuel Applications
MTBE/BioMTBE• Extensive world markets remain for MTBE• Up to 15% MTBE content allowed in EU, compliance with
Renewable Energy Directive with BioMTBE attractive
Methanol-to-Olefins• A 600,000 tonnes/year MTO project requires
1.8m tonnes/year of methanol• MTO eases burden of petroleum supply by
diversifying feedstocks for light olefins
Methanol-to-Gasoline• ExxonMobil MTG technology produces sulfur-free 92
Research Octane drop in gasoline• Better yields than Fischer-Tropsch fuels at lower costs
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Achieving Transportation Energy Policies Two Basic Approaches
• Useable in existing engines/FFV’s• Biomass limit/food vs fuel/ILUC• Wide LCA GHG emissions reduction variations• Better yields expected with second generation
biofuels
• Very expensive vehicle cost• Low energy density of batteries and hydrogen• High distribution system cost for electricity• Very high costs for hydrogen infrastructure
Change Fuel &
Feedstock
Methanol Biomethanol
• Useable in existing engines/FFV’s • Cost competitive with gasoline/ethanol• Biomethanol - High LCA GHG emission
reduction /no competition with food
Renewable Synthetic Methanol
• Useable in existing engines/FFV’s • From atmospheric CO2 and water • Carbon-neutral status reached• Integration with renewable power
Ethanol Biodiesel
Change Technology
Electric Cars Fuel Cells
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Met
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ics
Gasoline: US$3.69 / gasoline gallon equivalent (gge)
M-85: $3.26 ggeE-85: 4.28 gge
Met
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icsGlobal Public Policy Initiatives
Open Fuel Standard Act
•Requires starting in 2014, 50% of all new cars warranted to operate on non-petroleum fuels.
•Goes up to 80% by 2016, and 95% by 2017.
•Includes alcohol FFVs, and vehicles running on CNG, propane, plug-in battery electrics, and fuel cells.
• Introduced in the House by Reps. Shimkus (R-IL), Engel (D-NY), Bartlett (R-MD) and Israel (D-NY).
• Introduced in the Senate by Sens. Cantwell (D-WA) and Lugar (R-IN).
• Supporters: MI, RFA, US Energy Security Council, Growth Energy, National Biodiesel Board.
• Detractors: Chamber of Commerce, American Petroleum Institute, Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers.
U.S. Policy Drivers
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OCTAMIX Waiver
• In 1988, EPA granted Clean Air Act waiver to Texas Methanol Company for OCTAMIX blend of 5% methanol and 2.5% co-solvent (ethanol, butanol, pentanols)
• Considered “substantially similar” to gasoline and will not cause or contribute to failure of any emission control device
• Recognition that low-level methanol fuel blends are allowed under U.S. law
• For commercial introduction, fuel blend must be registered with EPA
• Given constraints of RFS, finding a niche market may be difficult
In 2012, U.S. EPA approved two petitions for the use of corrosion inhibitors with OCTAMIX methanol fuel waiver.• Spirit of 21st Century• Baker Hughes
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European fuel standards allow up to 3% methanol in gasoline with stabilizing agents
Low concentration methanol blends sold in Iceland, UK, Netherlands
Use of methanol in “E85 Flex Fuel Vehicles” (FFV’s) being tested
~27 million FFV’s globally
Lotus Tri-fuel Exige 270E
Global Methanol Fuel ExperienceEuropean Union
Flower of Scotland Streamliner
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China Methanol Demand2000 to 2011 (Source: CMAI)
0
5
10
15
20
25
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
MIL
LIO
NS
OF
ME
TRIC
TO
NN
ES
(MM
T)
• Methanol helps China reduce fuel price inflation and be less dependent on foreign energy
• M-85 and M-100 standards went into effect on December 1, 2009. M-15 standard in final stages of review, and may be released in Q1 2013.
• Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) has launched methanol fuel trials in Shaanxi and Shanxi Provinces and the municipality of Shanghai
Energy Demand
Traditional Chemical Demand
Global Methanol Fuel ExperienceChina
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• Israel M15 demonstration underway
• ~100kMTA methanol used in Korean fuel additive CENOX
• Pakistan govt. and oil companies evaluating M15 to reduce fuel costs
• Discussions with govt. on methanol fuels introduction underway in Egypt
• M2-M3 trials in Iran
• Australia looking at methanol, 10-year excise tax-free holiday
Global Methanol Fuel ExperienceAsia and Middle East
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Thank you!Dom LaVigneDirector of Government & Public Affairs (AP/ME)Methanol Institute
[email protected]+65 6325 6300