PowerPoint Presentation

Done by: Ong Wei Sern Sim Yew Chong Tan Yan Wei Ang Zheng Yong

BP Oil Spill

1The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, also known as BP Oil Spill : The Gulf Of Mexico in 2010** BP- Britishmultinationaloilandgascompany HQ in London

Largest accidental marine oil spill >30% larger in volume than the Ixtoc I oil spill

Total discharge: 210million USgallons

Introduction

Largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry, estimated to be between 8% and 31% larger in volume than the earlierIxtoc I oil spill

220 April 2010: High-pressuremethanegas from the well expanded into thedrilling riserand rose into the drilling rig

Drilling rig- Ignited and explode, engulfing the platform, causing the historic oil spill

Failed efforts to contain flow 19 September 2010: Well capped and declared sealed Introduction Flawed well design

Poor management decisions

Inadequate preparation

Ignorant towards critical indicators

Insufficient training

Violation of federal regulations

Causes

Cement failure- Base of well containingoiland gas.Allowing natural gas under huge pressure to shoot onto drilling platform EXPLOSION

Flawed Design: Cement used to seal the bottom of well Failed to contain hydrocarbons within the reservoir as they were designed to do Allowing gas and liquids to flow up the production casing.CausesPoor management decisions: Rush to completion of the well

Huge financial pressure to cut costs and rush the job

The project: $50 million over budget Behind schedule CausesInadequate Preparation:

BPwellheadwas fitted with ablowout preventer(BOP) improperly for use during emergency

Failed to engage. Hydrocarbons shot up the well at an uncontrollable rate and ignited, causing a series of explosions on the rigCausesIgnorant towards Critical Indicators:

Failure to recognise initial ominous signs etc. a pipe called a riser- losing fluid

BP ignored recommendations by Halliburton for more centralizers (Claimed that the lack of centralizers probably did not affect the cement)

Flow of gas into the engine rooms through ventilation system created potential for ignition

Should have redirected the flow of flammable gasCausesFlow of gas into the engine rooms through ventilation system created potential for ignition which the rigs fire and gas system could not prevent

8Insufficient Training:

Workers interpret pressure test wrongly Caused reports sent to be inaccurate

Violation of Federal Regulations:

Required to:(a) Operate in safe manner(b) Take Measures to contain oil and gas(c) Conduct Reliable tests of well pressures(d) Notify of changes in well drilling plans

Causes9"The evidence show that BP put profits before people, profits before safety and profits before the environment,"

-Justice Department attorney Mike Underhill

Causes

10Commercial and recreational fishing was affected from Mississippi to FloridaTourism: Important to Gulf Coast states Affected by cancelled vacationsJobs in the fishing, tourism and even oil industry are in jeopardyShrimp, crab and oyster farmers and harvesters now only have contaminated seas and estuaries left

2010-2013 Costs: Gulf Coast States USD23 billionImpacts-EconomicalSymptoms of nausea, dehydration, dizziness, headaches, chest pains and vomitingThe spill and related clean up released chemicals into the environmentFull health impact on the reason may not be known for many years.BP describes itself as a changed company with a shattered reputationBP lost its CEO, costed billions of dollars

Impacts-Social and PoliticalOil washed up on shores, into wildlife refuges, beaches, and seafood grounds

16,000 total miles of coastline have been affected, including the coasts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida

Impacts-Environmental 1

Impacts-Environmental 1

Many of the areas have unacceptable levels of contaminationOver 8,000 animals (birds, turtles, mammals) were reported dead just 6 months after the spill, including many that are already on the endangered species list

14Signs of an oil-and-dispersant mix were found under the shells of tinyblue crab larvaeSome types of spiders and otherinsects became far less numerousMigratory birds carried chemicals from the spill as far as Minnesota (From the Gulf of Mexico)Chronic exposure to toxic materials caused all sorts of problems with immune deficiencies and in somecases even deformitiesImpacts-Environmental 2

Map of Area AffectedSearching for risks of oil spills +Assess situation Develop appropriate oil spill response and crisis management plans

Developed oil spill modelling systems and capabilitiesPreventive measuresEnhancing the environmental and socio-economic data required in the models: Help inform response planning

Conducting staff training in related regions Preventive measuresUsing dispersants- Breaks down oil into smaller structures

Once oil in the sea is broken down to smaller droplets

Microbes will consume these smaller droplets of oil

Danger: Absorbed by marine life, into food chain.Clean-up measuresContainment and skimming: Buoyant booms floating and web below surface

Keep oil from spreading out/ contaminating further

Easier to skim oil from surface

Boats suck/scoop oil, into containment tanksClean-up measuresSearching for risks of oil spills +Assess situation Develop appropriate oil spill response and crisis management plans

Developed oil spill modelling systems and capabilitiesPreventive measures

Using magnets- oil will be pumped onto a boat treatment facility

Magnetic nanoparticles will be exposed to the oil which will then stick to the oil

Filtration- With help of magnets to separate oil and waterClean-up measuresBiological Agents: (Reached shore)Fertilisers spread over shoreline (etc. Phosphorus/Nitrogen)

Foster microorganism growth

Break down oil into natural componentsClean-up measuresTricky for onshore spills23Sorbents:Large sponges absorb oil from water

In-situ Burning:Setting oil on fire

More effective

But produces large amount of toxic gas

X Near coastal settlement areaClean-up measureshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lY-PikuXTYYVideo: The BP Oil Spillhttp://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle800.do?categoryId=9048964&contentId=7083298http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle800.do?categoryId=9048922&contentId=7082610http://edition.cnn.com/2012/09/21/tech/oil-spill-magnetshttp://www.nola.com/news/gulf-oil-spill/index.ssf/2013/04/as_third_anniversary_of_bp_oil.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10309001http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-26/bp-profit-push-root-cause-of-gulf-spill-witness-says.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/12/science/earth/12spill.html

Bibliographyhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/apr/20/deepwater-horizon-key-questions-answeredhttp://www.bp.com/genericarticle.do?categoryId=2012968&contentId=7064893http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/15/science/earth/15spill.html?_r=0http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-21548117http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/bp-oil-spill-trial-begins-article-1.1272679http://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-bp-oil-spillhttp://www.wwltv.com/news/local/Three-years-after-BP-oil-spill-new-report-rates-health-of-Gulf-of-Mexico-ecosystem-202213361.htmlhttp://articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/25/nation/la-na-bp-trial-20130226Bibliography

Would we, humans want to live in a world with polluted water and dying animals, waiting sadly for the extinction of the species? A life where nature makes no sense, trees are white and animals are black, where the only source of food is unnaturally made as substitutes. Of course not! We hope that such incidents should be prevented as strongly as possible, as oil spills highly endangers all living things including ourselves, and authorities should always give health and nature priority over greed. 28Thank You!!

===THE END===