DOPAMINERGIC AND SEROTONERGIC NEUROHUMOURAL TRANSMISSION

DOPAMINERGIC AND SEROTONERGIC NEUROHUMOURAL TRANSMISSION PRESENTED BY B.SANGEETHAReg. No. 133H1S0601

Under Guidance Of ,

Dr. K.Ravishankar M.Pharm,ph.DProfessor, And Principal,Sri Sai Aditya College Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research , Surampalem

DOPAMINERGIC NEUROHUMOURAL TRANSMISSION2INTRODUCTIONFirst synthesized in 1910 by George Barger and James Ewens at Wellcome Laboratories in London, England.Named so because it is a monoamine whose precursor in the Barger-Ewens synthesis is 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (levodopamine or L-DOPA).Its function as a neurotransmitter was first recognized in 1958 by Arvid Carlsson and Nils-ke Hillarp at the Laboratory for Chemical Pharmacology of the National Heart Institute of Sweden.Carlsson was awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for showing that dopamine is not only a precursor of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline), but also a neurotransmitter.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF DOPAMINE

4STORAGE, RELEASE AND REUPTAKE

5INACTIVATION OF DOPAMINE

6CLASSIFICATION OF DOPAMINE RECEPTORS

7DOPAMINE RECEPTORS IN BRAIN

8DOPAMINE FUNCTION

9PARKINSONS DISEASE

10PHARMACOLOGIC CLASSES AND AGENTSThe medications are classified as follows:Dopamine precursors. Eg:- Levodopa, Carbidopa2) Dopamine receptor agonists. Eg:- Ergot derivatives:- Bromocriptine, Pergolide Non-ergot agonists:- Pramipexole, Ropinirole3) Inhibitors of dopamine metabolism. Eg:- Selegiline, Tolcapone, Entacapone4) Non-dopaminergic pharmacology in Parkinsons disease. Eg:-Amantadine, Trihexyphenidyl, BenztropineSCHIZOPHRENIA

12PHARMACOLOGIC CLASSES AND AGENTSAntipsychotics are used to treat schizophrenia. The drugs include:-Typical antipsychotics. Eg:- Chlorpromazine2) Atypical antipsychotics. Eg:- Clozapine, Olanzapine, Quetapine, Ziprasidone, Risperidone SEROTONERGIC NEUROHUMOURAL TRANSMISSION14INTRODUCTIONFirst recognised as a powerful vasoconstrictor in blood serum. It was isolated in 1948 by Page.Naturally produced in the Pineal gland. The average adult human possesses only 5 to 10 mg of serotonin.Numerous functions include the control of appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temperature regulation, mood, behaviour, cardiovascular function, muscle contraction, endocrine regulation and depression.5-HT is also found in wasp stings and scorpion venom where its function is of an irritant.Intravenous injection of serotonin in humans leads to pain, gasping, coughing, a tingling and prickling sensation, nausea, cramps and other unpleasant symptoms.BIOSYNTHESIS AND INACTIVATION

16SEROTONIN PATHWAYS IN BRAIN

175-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE RECEPTORS

18AFFECTIVE DISORDERSMajor depressive disorder(MDD) and bipolar disorder(BD) are both characterized by extremes in mood.MDD is characterized by episodes of depression, which is recurrent. BD is characterized by episodes of mania and hypomania.

PHARMACOLOGIC CLASSES AND AGENTS1) MAO inhibitorsEg:- Irreversible block:- Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine Reversible block:- Befloxatone, Brofaromine, Moclobemide2) Tricyclic antidepressants Eg:- Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Imipramine, Nortriptyline, Doxepine, Desipramine, Nortryptyline, Protriptyline, Trimipramine.213) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) Eg:- Citalopram, Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine4) Other antidepressants Eg:- Bupropion, Mirtazapine, Nefazodone, Trazodone, Venlafaxine5) Lithium6) Anticonvulsants Eg:- Valproate, Lamotrigine, Carbamazepine REFERENCES221) GOODMAN & GILLMANS PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPAEUTICS2) Pharmacology Lippincott's3) katzungs clinical pharmacology4) Rang & Dale's Pharmacology, 5th Edition5) WEB SOURCE: A) www.wikepedia.com B) www.slideworld.com C) www.pharmacology.org D) www.cnsforum.com E) www.sciencedirect.com

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