down the drain

AWPCA Annual ConferenceMay 3, 2006

Down the Drain: Where is our water going?

AWPCA Annual ConferenceAWPCA Annual Conference

May 3, 2006May 3, 2006

Brandon Squire, PEBrandon Squire, PE&&

Douglas Patriquin, LEED APDouglas Patriquin, LEED AP

Down the Drain: Where is our Water going?

Down the Drain: Where is our Water going?



Natural Desert EnvironmentNatural Desert Environment



Developed Desert OasisDeveloped Desert Oasis



Developed Desert EnvironmentDeveloped Desert Environment



Human NeedsHuman Needs

■ How much water does a human need to survive?

1.5 gallons per day to survive

13 gallons total for drinking, cooking, bathing and sanitation



International Water UsageInternational Water Usage

■ Australia – 92 gpcd■ Canada – 79 gpcd■ United Kingdom – 35 gpcd■ Germany – 28 gpcd■ Netherlands – 27 gpcd■ India – 8 gpcd■ Kenya – 3.5 gpcd■ Gambia – 1.2 gpcd



National Water UsageNational Water Usage

■ Nevada – 300 gpcd■ Dayton, Wyoming – 250 gpcd■ California – 228 gpcd■ Albuquerque, NM – 205 gpcd■ New York (United Water) – 167 gpcd■ Tampa, FL – 104 gpcd■ Goleta, CA – 90 gpcd



National Water UsageNational Water Usage



Local Water UsageDesign Standards

Local Water UsageDesign Standards

■ Phoenix – 220 gpcd■ Mesa – 160 gpcd■ Buckeye – 150 gpcd■ Goodyear – 148 gpcd■ Tucson – 110 gpcd■ Scottsdale – 78 gpcd



United Kingdom

Breakdown of UsesBreakdown of Uses

58.10%41.90%Average

63.90%36.10%Walnut, CA

45.50%54.50%Tampa, FL

38.20%61.80%Seattle, WA

66.50%33.50%Scottsdale/Tempe, AZ

62.80%37.20%San Diego, CA

58.70%41.30%Phoenix, AZ

38.90%61.10%Lompoc, CA

76.20%23.80%Las Virgenes, CA

40.80%59.20%Eugene, OR

59.70%40.30%Denver, CO

57.20%42.80%Boulder, CO

% Outdoor % Indoor Study Site



Breakdown of Usesin the home

Breakdown of Usesin the home



Rating the Average UserRating the Average User

Very Conservative30

Conservative45

Average60

Heavy75

Very Heavy100

RatingGallons/Person/Day



U.S. GovernmentEnergy Policy ActU.S. GovernmentEnergy Policy Act

■ 1992 Public Law 102-486- Faucets/sinks – 2.5 gpm- Toilets – 1.6 gpf- Urinals – 1.0 gpf- All at 80 psi

■ Developed in 1992- Set into motion Jan. 1 1994



Phoenix Metro Conservation Phoenix Metro Conservation

■ Phoenix – No rebate programs– Irrigation & Landscape workshops @ Botanical

Gardens– (WET) Water Education for Teachers K-12

■ Scottsdale– Turf removal rebate ($3,000)– Irrigation controller, Hot water recirculation, Toilets,

Shower heads

■ Glendale– Turf removal Rebate ($750)– Monthly Landscape classes (Glendale Library)– Free K-5 Education assemblies w/ “Rattlesnake the

Story Teller”



Phoenix Metro ConservationPhoenix Metro Conservation

■ Mesa– Landscape rebate ($200)– Water “Deeply and Infrequently”– Elementary Classroom Education

■ Tempe– Turf removal ($500)– Toilet replacement– Industrial/commercial incentives

up to $20,000 based on 25-50% of cost



Other Arizona CitiesOther Arizona Cities

■ Flagstaff– Landscape rabate ($500)– Dual flush toilet/waterless urinal rebate

($100)– Clothes washer rebate ($100)– Specified watering days – fines imposed– Summer watering time restriction (9am –

5pm)

■ Tucson– Water$mart workshops– Zanjero Program– Tiered Residential Schedule



Other ProgramsOther Programs■ Albuquerque

– Xeriscape ($5,000), Toilet Rebate– Washer, Hot water recirculation, Sprinkler timer– Summer watering time restriction (10am – 6pm)– Per capita water use from 250 to 174 gpd in 10 years– No more than 20% high water use plants for new landscaping

■ Seattle– Washer, Sprinkler system and Timer Rebates– “Water You Doing” – Video w/ Bill Nye and others

■ San Diego– Washer, Toilet, Timer, Install Free Kitchen Sprayers– Plumbing Retrofit Program– Residential water Survey– Guaranteed Water Program



Other ProgramsOther Programs

■ Cary, NC– “Beat the Peak”– “Tuna Can Plan”– Alternate watering Days (up to $500 fines)– Required Rain sensors (up to $400)

■ Boston Area– MWRA – “Watersense” – Provides free shower heads, tank

dams, aerators & dye tabs

■ Australia– Pool Covers, Washers, Rain Sensors, Sub-surface

irrigation piping– Current restrictions in Sydney include

• No Sprinklers for watering lawns• No car washing• Permit required to fill pool



What are people paying?What are people paying?

Potable Water Rates Per 1000 gallons on 5/8” meterTier 3Tier 2Tier 1Tier 3Tier 2Tier 1

$1.00

$4.53

$3.75

$2.77

$4.48

$0.85

$2.91

$4.33

$3.28

$2.21

$3.85

$1.38

$2.83

$1.94

$1.27

$1.42

$1.03

$4.81

$3.32

$2.91

$2.58

$1.39*

$1.04Bangkok$6.75Tucson

Sydney$4.71Flagstaff

$4.72BostonMesa

$5.33Cary, NCGlendale

$3.03San Diego$3.35Scottsdale

$11.43SeattlePHX

*Averaged varying seasonal monthly charge



What Can We Do?What Can We Do?

■ Tiered rate schedule– Discounts for excess conservation over recommended

■ Additional rebate programs– Pool covers– Washing machines

■ “Beat the Peak” programs– Set Watering hours - Impose Fines

■ EDUCATION– Funded by excessive use penalties

■ Grey Water

■ PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY



What Can We Do?What Can We Do?

Question&

Answer

Question&

Answer

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