down to earth future aircraft

8/12/2019 Down to Earth Future Aircraft

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Contents

1. Introduction …………………………………………………………. 3

2. Beauty of Future Airplanes is More than Skin Deep …………

3. A Select Fe! ………………………………………………………… "

3.1 #he Dou$le Bu$$le D" ………………………………………...

"

3.2 S%all $ut Mi&hty ………………………………………………. '

3.3 Business as (sual) …………………………………………… '

. Su$sonic (ltra *reen Aircraft +esearch ………………………. 10

,. *reen Supersonic Machine ………………………………………. 11

. An Iconic Idea ………………………………………………………. 12

. /onclusion ………………………………………………………….. 12

". Bi$lio&raphy ………………………………………………………… 1



1. Introduction

In late 2010 ASA a!arded contracts to three tea%s ockheed Martinorthrop *ru%%an #he Boein& /o%pany to study ad4anced conceptdesi&ns for aircraft that could take to the skies in the year 202,.

At the ti%e of the a!ard the tea% &a4e ASA a sneak peek of the particulardesi&n they plan to pursue.

5ach desi&n looks 4ery different $ut all final desi&ns ha4e to %eet ASA6s&oals for less noise cleaner e7haust and lo!er fuel consu%ption. 5ach aircrafthas to $e a$le to do all of those thin&s at the sa%e ti%e !hich re8uires aco%ple7 dance of tradeoffs $et!een all of the ne! ad4anced technolo&ies that!ill $e on these 4ehicles.

#he proposed aircraft !ill also ha4e to operate safely in a %ore %oderni9ed airtraffic %ana&e%ent syste%.

And each desi&n has to fly up to ", percent of the speed of sound: co4er aran&e of appro7i%ately 000 %iles: and carry $et!een ,0000 and 100000pounds of payload either passen&ers or car&o.

For the rest of this year each tea% !ill $e e7plorin& testin& si%ulatin&keepin& and discardin& inno4ations and technolo&ies to %ake their desi&n a!inner.

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2. Beauty of Future Airplanes is More than Skin

Deep

An 1"-%onth ASA research effort to 4isuali9e the passen&er airplanes of thefuture has produced so%e ideas that at first &lance %ay appear to $e oldfashioned. Instead of e7otic ne! desi&ns see%in&ly $orro!ed fro% sciencefiction fa%iliar shapes do%inate the pa&es of ad4anced concept studies !hichfour industry tea%s co%pleted for ASA6s Funda%ental Aeronautics ;ro&ra%in April 2010.

ook %ore closely at these concepts for airplanes that %ay enter ser4ice 20 to2, years fro% no! and you6ll see thin&s that are 8uite different fro% the aircraftof today.

<ust $eneath the skin of these concepts lie $reakthrou&h airfra%e andpropulsion technolo&ies desi&ned to help the co%%ercial aircraft of to%orro!fly si&nificantly 8uieter cleaner and %ore fuel-efficiently !ith %ore passen&erco%fort and to %ore of A%erica6s airports.

=ou %ay see ultra%odern shape %e%ory alloys cera%ic or fi$er co%positescar$on nanotu$e or fi$er optic ca$lin& self-healin& skin hy$rid electricen&ines foldin& !in&s dou$le fusela&es and 4irtual reality !indo!s.

>Standin& ne7t to the airplane you %ay not $e a$le to tell the difference $ut

the i%pro4e%ents !ill $e re4olutionary> said +ichard ?ahls pro@ect scientistfor the Funda%ental Aeronautics ;ro&ra%6s Su$sonic Fi7ed ?in& ;ro@ect atASA6s an&ley +esearch /enter in a%pton a. >#echnolo&ical $eauty is%ore than skin deep.>

In Ccto$er 200" ASA asked industry and acade%ia to i%a&ine !hat thefuture %i&ht $rin& and de4elop ad4anced concepts for aircraft that can satisfyanticipated co%%ercial air transportation needs !hile %eetin& specific ener&yefficiency en4iron%ental and operational &oals in 2030 and $eyond. #hestudies !ere intended to identify key technolo&y de4elop%ent needs to ena$lethe en4isioned ad4anced airfra%es and propulsion syste%s.

ASA6s &oals for a 2030-era aircraft co%pared !ith an aircraft enterin& ser4icetoday are

A 1-deci$el reduction $elo! current Federal A4iation Ad%inistration noisestandards !hich ai% to contain o$@ectiona$le noise !ithin airport $oundaries.A &reater than , percent reduction on the International /i4il A4iationCr&ani9ation6s /o%%ittee on A4iation 5n4iron%ental ;rotection Si7th Meetin&or /A5;E standard for nitro&en o7ide e%issions !hich ai%s to i%pro4e air8uality around airports.

A &reater than 0 percent reduction in fuel $urn perfor%ance !hich couldreduce &reenhouse &as e%issions and the cost of air tra4el.

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#he a$ility to e7ploit %etrople7 concepts that ena$le opti%al use of run!ays at%ultiple airports !ithin %etropolitan areas as a %eans of reducin& air trafficcon&estion and delays.#he tea%s !ere led $y *eneral 5lectric Massachusetts Institute of#echnolo&y orthrop *ru%%an and #he Boein& /o%pany. ere are so%ehi&hli&hts fro% their final reports

#he *5 A4iation tea% conceptuali9es a 20-passen&er aircraft that could reducecon&estion at %a@or %etropolitan hu$s $y usin& co%%unity airports for point-to-point tra4el. #he aircraft has an o4al-shaped fusela&e that seats four acrossin full-si9ed seats. Cther features include an aircraft shape that s%oothes theflo! of air o4er all surfaces and electricity-&eneratin& fuel cells to po!erad4anced electrical syste%s. #he aircraft6s ad4anced tur$oprop en&ines sportlo!-noise propellers and further %iti&ate noise $y pro4idin& thrust sufficientfor short takeoffs and 8uick cli%$s.

?ith its 1"0-passen&er D" >dou$le $u$$le> confi&uration the Massachusetts

Institute of #echnolo&y tea% strays farthest fro% the fa%iliar fusin& t!oaircraft $odies to&ether len&th!ise and %ountin& three tur$ofan @et en&ines onthe tail. I%portant co%ponents of the MI# concept are the use of co%posite%aterials for lo!er !ei&ht and tur$ofan en&ines !ith an ultra hi&h $ypass ratio%eanin& air flo! throu&h the core of the en&ine is e4en s%aller !hile air flo!throu&h the duct surroundin& the core is su$stantially lar&er than in acon4entional en&ineG for %ore efficient thrust. In a re4ersal of current desi&ntrends the MI# concept increases the $ypass ratio $y %ini%i9in& e7pansion ofthe o4erall dia%eter of the en&ine and shrinkin& the dia%eter of the @et e7haustinstead. #he tea% said it desi&ned the D" to do the sa%e !ork as a Boein& 3-"00. #he D"6s unusual shape &i4es it a roo%ier coach ca$in than the 3.

#he orthrop *ru%%an tea% foresees the &reatest need for a s%aller 120-passen&er aircraft that is tailored for shorter run!ays in order to help e7pandcapacity and reduce delays. #he tea% descri$es its Silent 5fficient o!5%issions /o%%ercial #ransport or S55/# concept as >re4olutionary in itsperfor%ance if not in its appearance.> /era%ic co%posites nanotechnolo&yand shape %e%ory alloys fi&ure pro%inently in the airfra%e and ultra hi&h$ypass ratio propulsion syste% construction. #he aircraft deli4ers onen4iron%ental and operational &oals in lar&e part $y usin& s%aller airports!ith run!ays as short as ,000 feet for a !ider &eo&raphic distri$ution of air

traffic.

#he Boein& /o%pany6s Su$sonic (ltra *reen Aircraft +esearch or S(*A+tea% e7a%ined fi4e concepts. #he tea%6s preferred concept the S(*A+ oltis a t!in-en&ine aircraft !ith hy$rid propulsion technolo&y a tu$e-shaped$ody and a truss-$raced !in& %ounted to the top. /o%pared to the typical!in& used today the S(*A+ olt !in& is lon&er fro% tip to tip shorter fro%leadin& ed&e to trailin& ed&e and has less s!eep. It also %ay include hin&es tofold the !in&s !hile parked close to&ether at airport &ates. ;ro@ected ad4ancesin $attery technolo&y ena$le a uni8ue hy$rid tur$o-electric propulsion syste%.#he aircraft6s en&ines could use $oth fuel to $urn in the en&ine6s core and

electricity to turn the tur$ofan !hen the core is po!ered do!n.

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ASA did not specify future co%%ercial air transportation needs as do%esticor &lo$al. All four tea%s focused on aircraft si9ed for tra4el !ithin a sin&lecontinent $ecause their $usiness cases sho!ed that s%all- and %ediu%-si9edplanes !ill continue to account for the lar&est percenta&e of the o4erall fleet inthe future. Cne tea% ho!e4er did present a lar&e hy$rid !in& concept forintercontinental transport.

All of the tea%s pro4ided >clear paths> for future technolo&y research andde4elop%ent said +u$en Del +osario principal in4esti&ator for the Su$sonicFi7ed ?in& ;ro@ect at ASA6s *lenn +esearch /enter in /le4eland. >#heirreports !ill %ake a difference in plannin& our research portfolio. ?e !illidentify the co%%on the%es in these studies and use the% to $uild a %oreeffecti4e strate&y for the future> Del +osario said.

#hese are so%e of the co%%on the%es fro% the four reports

Slo!er cruisin& -- at a$out Mach 0. or se4en-tenths the speed of sound

!hich is , percent to 10 percent slo!er than today6s aircraft -- and at hi&heraltitudes to sa4e fuel.

5n&ines that re8uire less po!er on takeoff for 8uieter fli&ht.Shorter run!ays -- a$out ,000 feet lon& on a4era&e -- to increase operatin&capacity and efficiency.

S%aller aircraft H in the %ediu%-si9e class of a Boein& 3 !ith ca$inacco%%odations for no %ore than 1"0 passen&ers H flyin& shorter and %oredirect routes for cost-efficiency.

+eliance on pro%ised ad4ance%ents in air traffic %ana&e%ent such as the useof auto%ated decision-%akin& tools for %er&in& and spacin& enroute anddurin& departure cli%$s and arri4al descents.

#he tea%s reco%%ended a 4ariety of i%pro4e%ents in li&ht!ei&ht co%positestructures heat- and stress-tolerant en&ine %aterials and aerodyna%ic%odelin& that can help $rin& their ideas to reality. ASA is !ei&hin& thereco%%endations a&ainst its o$@ecti4e of de4elopin& aeronautics technolo&iesthat can $e applied to a $road ran&e of aircraft and operatin& scenarios for the&reatest pu$lic $enefit.

>#his input fro% our custo%ers has pro4ided us !ith !ell thou&ht-outscenarios for our 4ision of the future and it !ill help us place our researchin4est%ent decisions s8uarely in the %ainstrea%> said <ai!on Shin associatead%inistrator for aeronautics research at ASA ead8uarters in ?ashin&ton.

>Identifyin& those necessary technolo&ies !ill help us esta$lish a researchroad%ap to follo! in $rin&in& these inno4ations to life durin& the co%in&years> Shin said.

#he ne7t step in ASA6s effort to desi&n the aircraft of 2030 is a second phase

of studies to $e&in de4elopin& the ne! technolo&ies that !ill $e necessary to%eet the national &oals related to an i%pro4ed air transportation syste% !ithincreased ener&y efficiency and reduced en4iron%ental i%pact. #he a&ency

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recei4ed proposals fro% the four tea%s in late April and e7pects to a!ard oneor t!o research contracts for !ork startin& in 2011.

ASA %ana&ers also !ill reassess the &oals for 2030 aircraft to deter%ine!hether so%e of the crucial technolo&ies !ill need additional ti%e to %o4efro% la$oratory and field testin& into operational use. #he four tea%s %ana&ed

to %eet either the fuel $urn or the noise &oal !ith their concepts not $oth.

A co%panion research effort looked at concepts for a ne! &eneration ofsupersonic transport aircraft capa$le of %eetin& ASA6s noise e%issions andfuel efficiency &oals for 2030. ASA en4isions a $roader %arket for supersonictra4el !ith aircraft carryin& %ore passen&ers to i%pro4e econo%ic 4ia$ility!hile %eetin& increasin&ly strin&ent en4iron%ental re8uire%ents.

#ea%s led $y #he Boein& /o%pany and ockheed Martin e4aluated %arketconditions desi&n &oals and constraints con4entional and uncon4entionalconfi&urations and ena$lin& technolo&ies to create proposed road%aps for

research and de4elop%ent acti4ities. Both tea%s produced concepts foraircraft that can carry %ore than 100 passen&ers at cruise speeds of %ore than1. Mach and a ran&e of up to ,000 %iles.

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3. A Select Few

/o%in& up !ith a solution to %eet a 4ariety of challen&es often re8uiresstartin& !ith %any and narro!in& it do!n to @ust a fe!. #his i%a&e illustratesthe kind of process that tea%s of industry and acade%ia researchers used toco%e up !ith their select desi&n concepts to %eet en4iron%ental andperfor%ance &oals set $y ASA6s Aeronautics +esearch Mission Directoratefor co%%ercial aircraft that could $e flyin& in 20 to 2, years.

3.1 he Dou!le Bu!!le D"

#he >dou$le $u$$le> D" Series future aircraft desi&n concept co%es fro% the

research tea% led $y the Massachusetts Institute of #echnolo&y.

Based on a %odified tu$e and !in& !ith a 4ery !ide fusela&e to pro4ide e7tralift its lo! s!eep !in& reduces dra& and !ei&ht: the e%$edded en&ines sit aftof the !in&s. #he D" series aircraft !ould $e used for do%estic fli&hts and isdesi&ned to fly at Mach 0. carryin& 1"0 passen&ers 3000 nautical %iles in acoach ca$in roo%ier than that of a Boein& 3-"00.

#he D" is a%on& the desi&ns presented in April 2010 to the ASA Aeronautics+esearch Mission Directorate for its ASA +esearch Announce%ent-fundedstudies into ad4anced aircraft that could enter ser4ice in the 2030-203,

ti%efra%e.

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3.2 S#all !ut Mighty

#his future aircraft desi&n concept co%es fro% the research tea% led $y *5A4iation.

Much li&hter and %ore aerodyna%ic than current aircraft !ith the sa%ecapacity the 20-passen&er aircraft !ould reduce fuel consu%ption and noiseand ena$le $usiness @et-like tra4el $et!een %ore than 1300 airports. It featuresultra-8uiet tur$oprop en&ines 4irtual reality !indo!s and is desi&ned to fly atMach 0.,, for "00 nautical %iles.

#his *5 aircraft is a%on& the desi&ns presented in April 2010 to the ASA

Aeronautics +esearch Mission Directorate for its ASA +esearchAnnounce%ent-funded studies into ad4anced aircraft that could enter ser4icein the 2030-203, ti%efra%e.

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3.3 Business as $sual%

#he Silent 5fficient o! 5%issions /o%%ercial #ransport or S55/# futureaircraft desi&n co%es fro% the research tea% led $y orthrop *ru%%an

Syste%s /orporation.

Decepti4ely con4entional-lookin& the concept features ad4anced li&ht!ei&htcera%ic co%posite %aterials and nanotechnolo&y and shape %e%ory alloys. Inaddition to $ein& ener&y efficient and en4iron%entally friendly the S55/#i%pro4es the capacity of the future air transportation syste% $ecause it can $eused at s%aller airports and %ake the% %ore effecti4e. It is desi&ned to fly atMach 0., carryin& 120 passen&ers 100 nautical %iles.

#he S55/# is a%on& the desi&ns presented in April 2010 to the ASAAeronautics +esearch Mission Directorate for its ASA +esearch

Announce%ent-funded studies into ad4anced aircraft that could enter ser4icein the 2030-203, ti%efra%e.

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&. Su!sonic $ltra 'reen Aircraft (esearch

#he Su$sonic (ltra *reen Aircraft +esearch or S(*A+ olt future aircraftdesi&n co%es fro% the research tea% led $y #he Boein& /o%pany.

#he olt is a t!in-en&ine concept !ith a hy$rid propulsion syste% thatco%$ines &as tur$ine and $attery technolo&y a tu$e-shaped $ody and a truss-$raced !in& %ounted to the top of the aircraft. #his aircraft is desi&ned to fly atMach 0.' carryin& 1, passen&ers 3,00 nautical %iles.

#he S(*A+ olt is a%on& the desi&ns presented in April 2010 to the ASAAeronautics +esearch Mission Directorate for its ASA +esearchAnnounce%ent-funded studies into ad4anced aircraft that could enter ser4icein the 2030-203, ti%efra%e.

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). 'reen Supersonic Machine

#his future aircraft desi&n concept for supersonic fli&ht o4er land co%es fro%the tea% led $y the ockheed Martin /orporation.

#he tea% used si%ulation tools to sho! it !as possi$le to achie4e o4er-landfli&ht $y dra%atically lo!erin& the le4el of sonic $oo%s throu&h the use of an>in4erted-> en&ine-under !in& confi&uration. Cther re4olutionarytechnolo&ies help achie4e ran&e payload and en4iron%ental &oals.

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*. An +conic +,ea

#he >Icon-II> future aircraft desi&n concept for supersonic fli&ht o4er landco%es fro% the tea% led $y #he Boein& /o%pany.

A desi&n that achie4es fuel $urn reduction and airport noise &oals it alsoachie4es lar&e reductions in sonic $oo% noise le4els that !ill %eet the tar&etle4el re8uired to %ake supersonic fli&ht o4er land possi$le.

#his concept is one of t!o desi&ns presented in April 2010 to the ASAAeronautics +esearch Mission Directorate for its ASA +esearchAnnounce%ent-funded studies into ad4anced supersonic cruise aircraft thatcould enter ser4ice in the 2030-203, ti%efra%e.

-. Conclusion

In the future Airplanes !ill tra4el !ay faster then the ones here no! $y the year2030 the airplanes !ill $e %ore efficient and !ill $e a$le to carry people liketoday $ut %ore and also there !ill $e an alar% syste% that !ill detectterrorists.

#he elios ;rototype aircraft !as a proof-of-concept solar electric-po!eredflyin& !in& desi&ned to operate at hi&h altitudes for lon& duration fli&ht.

;art of a fa%ily of aircraft under the u%$rella of 5+AS# 5n4iron%ental+esearch Aircraft and Sensor #echnolo&yG elios !as the cul%ination of the&roups solar-po!ered aircraft that in Au&ust 2001 reached an official !orld

record altitude for a non-rocket po!ered aircraft of '"3 feet durin& a%a7i%u%-altitude fli&ht.

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Cn 2 <un 2003 the aircraft !as %akin& the second in a series of shakedo!nfli&hts leadin& to!ard a planned 0-hour lon&-endurance %ission !hen theaircraft $roke apart in fli&ht. #he li&ht!ei&ht hi&hly fle7i$le flyin& !in& took offat 100 a.%. local ti%e. A$out 1 %inutes into the fli&ht the aircraftencountered at%ospheric tur$ulence causin& a$nor%ally hi&h !in& dihedralup!ard $o!in& of $oth !in&tipsG. (no$ser4ed %ild pitch oscillations $e&an

$ut 8uickly di%inished.

#hirty %inutes into the fli&ht the aircraft a&ain encountered nor%al tur$ulenceand then e7perienced an une7pected persistent hi&h !in& dihedral

confi&uration. As a result the aircraft $eca%e unsta$le as pitch oscillations&re!. Airspeed de4iated fro% the nor%al fli&ht speed and the de4iations &re!!ith e4ery cycle of the oscillation soon e7ceedin& the aircrafts desi&n speed.#he resultin& hi&h dyna%ic pressures caused the !in&s outer !in& panels tofail and the solar cells and skin on the upper surface to rip off.

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8. Bibliography

1. httpEE!!!.nasa.&o4

2. httpEEen.!ikipedia.or&E!ikiEMainJ;a&e

3. httpEE&tresearchne!s.&atech.eduEreshorErh-ss03Esp-studies.ht%l

. httpEE!!!.lockheed%artin.co%

,. httpEE!!!.as.northrop&ru%%an.co%Einde7.ht%l

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http://www.nasa.gov/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

http://gtresearchnews.gatech.edu/reshor/rh-ss03/sp-studies.html

http://www.lockheedmartin.com/

http://www.as.northropgrumman.com/index.html

http://www.nasa.gov/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

http://gtresearchnews.gatech.edu/reshor/rh-ss03/sp-studies.html

http://www.lockheedmartin.com/

http://www.as.northropgrumman.com/index.html

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