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Special Qualities in Spring Barley

Therese Christerson, SW Seed


Special Qualities in Spring Barley

Waxy barley

High amylose barley

Hulless barley

Double recessives

(wax wax amo-1 amo-1)

Low phytate barley


Special qualities in spring barley

Waxy barley

Freeze/thaw stability

(storage stability)

High -glucan content

• Starch production

• Healthy food

Hulless barley

Whole grain

Vitamins

Minerals

High digestibility

• Food and feed

High amylose barley

Low glycemic index

High -glucan content

Resistant starch

• Healthy food

• Feed – ”By pass starch”?


Gene source Received from Origin

Waxy Compana Montana State Univ. Spontaneous

mutation

Waxy Hulless Compana ” ”

BZ 489-30 ” ”

Waxy Titan Norges Landbrukshøgskole ”

Waxy Oderbrucker ” ”

Azhul Arizona State Univ. Induced mutation

Yon-M-kei 286 Tochigi Agr. Exp. Station ”

Glacier AC 38 Bozeman, USA Spontaneous

mutation

Four lpa-mutants in

Harrington background

V. Raboy, USDA-ARS Idaho Induced mutations

Special qualities - gene sources


Variety Yield T k w

(g)

H l w

(g)

Grading

>2,5 mm

Starch

(%)

Amylose

(%)

-glucan

(%)

Golf 7560

100

48.7 72.0 85 61.5 30.2 4.8

SW 1541 101 48.5 72.1 88 60.1 7.4 6.4

SW 1543* 99 47.0 72.2 87 58.6 6.2 6.3

SW 1546 97 46.5 70.5 82 59.0 5.3 5.9

SW 1785 99 53.8 71.8 91 58.2 6.2 6.1

SW 1786 94 51.3 69.9 89 56.7 7.1 5.6

SW 1777 104 48.9 71.8 85 58.2 5.1 6.4

SW 1778 97 47.6 71.5 79 57.4 3.7 6.3

SW 1782 101 48.5 72.5 82 57.7 5.8 6.3

SW 1783 104 52.0 72.6 90 57.1 7.1 6.4

= W. Compana

= W. Oderbrucker

= W. H. Compana

= W. Titan

Waxy trials, Landskrona 1995-96


Variety Gene source BC Yield

(rel)

Strl

(cm)

Strst

(1-9)

Strbr

(1-9)

Variety mix Control 100 70 7 5

CINDY W Compana >5 100 70 4 2

CINNAMON Azhul 5 87 60 7 6

MAGDALENA W Compana >5 98 60 7 7

SW 18536 W Titan >5 96 65 5 3

SW 28646 W Titian >5 98 64 6 5

SW 59328 Azhul >5 103 65 6 6

SW 59495 H Compana >5 106 64 6 5

SW 68479 W Compana >5 99 68 7 6

SW 68530 Yon-M-kei 2 93 72 6 6

SW 78806 Azhul >5 90 59 8 7

SW 78812 W Titan >5 98 64 6 5

SW 78819 Azhul >5 95 62 7 7

SW 78827 Yon-M-kei 2 96 54 7 5

SW 78831 Azhul 2 91 65 7 6

SW 78840 W Titan >5 90 60 8 6

SW 78843 Azhul >5 89 63 6 6

SW 78848 Azhul >5 95 68 5 5

SW 78852 nn Azhul >5 83 68 6 5

SW 78855 Yon-M-kei 2 96 63 7 6

SW 78857 nn Yon-M-kei 2 87 63 8 7

Waxy trials, Sweden x 4 2008


Variety Yield Tkw

(g)

Hlw

(g)

Grading

>2,5 mm

Amylose

(%)

Amylose*

(%)

-glucan

(%)

BOWA

variety mix

7630

100

50.8 73.1 96

SW 2998 72 52.5 71.4 96 35.8 5.8

SW 2999 75 53.5 71.3 89 33.4 6.2

SW 2904 91 53.3 70.8 98 35.1 38.9 6.7

SW 3000 79 51.5 71.3 96 33.4 5.8

SW 3002 75 52.0 71.6 96 32.9 5.9

SW 3003 79 51.8 71.7 94 33.6 6.3

”HiAmGl” 37.2 6.4

*Analysis from harvest 2001

High amylose barley, Landskrona 2003


Variety Yield Tkw

(g)

Hlw

(g)

Grading

>2,5 mm

Yield Tkw

(g)

Hlw

(g)

Grading

>2,5 mm

BOWA

variety mix

8350

100

43.9 71.6 78 5250

100

51.7 68.2 95

SW 1290 81 44.9 80.8 84 69 46.4 76.9 90

SW 1291 84 41.2 84.2 66 73 46.7 78.2 90

SW 2900 82 45.4 82.9 74 71 51.9 76.9 91

SW 2680* 73 40.2 84.3 58 65 44.7 77.3 86

*Waxy

= 2001 = 2002

Hulless barley, Landskrona 2001-2002


Line Gene source Yield

(rel)

Strl

(cm)

Strst

(1-9)

Strbr

(1-9)

Variety mix Control 100 65 4 4

GUSTAV Typical feed type 108 65 5 4

CINDY W Compana 93 75 4 3

MAGDALENA W Compana 96 65 7 6

SW 49368 Azhul / HiAmGl 78 60 7 8

SW 49427 Azhul / HiAmGl 79 65 6 6

Line Tkw

(g)

Hlw

(g)

Amylose

(% dm)

-glucan

(% i ts)

NIT-starch

(% dm)

Protein

Nx6,25

(%)

Variety mix 52.8 71.1 - - - -

GUSTAV 48.5 70.8 30.4 - - 11.3

CINDY 51.6 69.9 7.2 7.8 62.8 12.6

MAGDALENA 51.6 71.9 3.0 - - 13.2

SW 49368 45.1 68.5 6.0 8.8 53.7 16.0

SW 49427 46.5 67.1 10.4 8.3 54.5 14.8

Double recessives 2008


65-75 % of the total seed P is stored as phytic acid, most in the aleuron layer

Non-ruminants lack enzyme (phytase) –most of the seed P is not available

Environmental issues – water pollution

P is an finate resource and an expensive nutrient in feed

It is desirable to increase the amount of available P in feed and to decrease the use of inorganic supplement P, both from an environmental point of view as for economic reasons

Low phytate barley


lpa-mutants with 50-90 % less phytate

Seed total P levels are not substantially altered in the mutants

Yield reductions observed (up to 50 % in US and DK)

Higher levels of available P in the feed, better P uptake in non-ruminants

Significant reduction of P in the manure (55 % reduction in feed trials with pigs, Veum et al., 2002)

Low phytate barley


Line

(M 635)

Phytate

% ts

8165-1 0,7

8165-2 1,9

8165-3 2,1

8165-4 0,9

8165-5 0,9

8165-6 2,1

8165-7 0,9

8165-8 2,0

8165-9 1,0

8165-10 0,8

Barke 2,1

The phytate content has

been reduced to a third in

SW M 635-crosses

Low phytate barley


Line Yield

(rel.)

Strl

(cm)

Strst

(1-9)

Strbr

(1-9)

Tkw

(g)

HlW

(g)

Inorg. P

2008

Phytic

acidVariety mix 100 65 4 4 52.8 71.1 - -GUSTAV 108 65 5 4 48.5 70.8 < 0.1 1.2SW 8165-9 91 65 6 6 49.9 70.4 1.4 0.3SW 26166-05 82 60 6 6 46.9 67.5 1.6 0.4SW 26814-05 98 60 6 6 49.9 68.5 1.6 0.3

Low phytate barley 2008


Type Status 2009 Market varieties

Hulless, normal starch One listed variety SW Godiva (2002)

Waxy (covered),

ca 5 % amylose

Two listed varieties Cindy (1999)

Magdalena (2004)

Hulless waxy,

ca 5 % amylose

One listed variety SW Cinnober (2002)

Waxy (covered), ”zero

amylose”

One listed variety Cinnamon (2007)

Hulless waxy, ”zero

amylose”

Several advanced

lines in own trials

High amylose (covered) One listed variety Karmosé (2004)

Double recessives

Low phytate barley Several advanced

lines in own trials

Special qualities, status 2009


SW Seed’s breeding programme “Special Qualities in spring barley” has been financed by The Swedish Farmers’ Foundation for Agricultural Research (SLF).


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