Download - © 2013 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1A Computers and Their Uses
© 2013 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1AChapter 1A
Computers and Their UsesComputers and Their Uses
© 2013 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
1.11.1 Define computer, and distinguish between Define computer, and distinguish between analog and digital computer designsanalog and digital computer designs
1.21.2 Identify the main types of single-user and multi-Identify the main types of single-user and multi-user computersuser computers
1.31.3 Discuss how computers have shaped our current Discuss how computers have shaped our current worldworld
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What Is a Computer? What Is a Computer? • A A computercomputer is a machine that accepts some kind of is a machine that accepts some kind of
information, performs actions and calculations information, performs actions and calculations according to a set of instructions, and returns the according to a set of instructions, and returns the results of its calculations.results of its calculations.
• Categories of Computer Design: Analog vs. DigitalCategories of Computer Design: Analog vs. Digital
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Single-User ComputersSingle-User Computers• Most computers, known as Most computers, known as personal computers personal computers or or
microcomputersmicrocomputers, are meant to be used by one , are meant to be used by one person at a timeperson at a time
• Types:Types:– Desktop computersDesktop computers– WorkstationsWorkstations– Notebook computersNotebook computers– Tablet computersTablet computers– Handheld personal computersHandheld personal computers
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Desktop ComputersDesktop Computers• Sit on or under a desk Sit on or under a desk
or table.or table.• Most common type of Most common type of
personal computerpersonal computer• Powerful and versatile Powerful and versatile • Main component is the Main component is the
system unitsystem unit• Not easily portableNot easily portable
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WorkstationsWorkstations• SpecializedSpecialized• More power and More power and
features than a features than a standard PCstandard PC
• Popular among Popular among scientists, engineers, scientists, engineers, animators animators
• Accelerated graphics-Accelerated graphics-handling capabilitieshandling capabilities
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Notebook ComputersNotebook Computers• Also known as Also known as laptopslaptops• Clamshell designClamshell design• Portable Portable
microcomputersmicrocomputers• Docking stationDocking station for for
hook-upshook-ups• NetbooksNetbooks offer offer
compact size and low compact size and low priceprice
• Category: Category: Mobile Mobile computerscomputers
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Tablet ComputersTablet Computers• Portable, full-featuredPortable, full-featured• Input from Input from stylusstylus or or
fingersfingers• On-screen keyboard On-screen keyboard • Voice inputVoice input• Recent popularityRecent popularity
– iPadiPad– Android tabletsAndroid tablets
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Handheld Personal ComputersHandheld Personal Computers• Small sizeSmall size• Limited processing Limited processing
powerpower• Personal Digital Personal Digital
Assistants (PDAs) Assistants (PDAs) • Colorful displaysColorful displays• Finger touches and Finger touches and
swipes for inputswipes for input• Smart phonesSmart phones = cell = cell
phones + PDAphones + PDA• Vast selection of Vast selection of
programsprograms
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Multi-User ComputersMulti-User Computers• The largest organizational computers support The largest organizational computers support
thousands of individual users at the same time, with thousands of individual users at the same time, with some working from thousands of miles away. They some working from thousands of miles away. They may be devoted to a single purpose or a wide variety may be devoted to a single purpose or a wide variety of tasks. of tasks.
• Types:Types:– Network serversNetwork servers– Mainframe computersMainframe computers– MinicomputersMinicomputers– SupercomputersSupercomputers
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Network ServersNetwork Servers• Primary computer in a Primary computer in a
networknetwork• Special software and Special software and
equipmentequipment• Can be linked to other Can be linked to other
serversservers• ClustersClusters / / server farmsserver farms::
Large groups of serversLarge groups of servers– BladeBlade: thin unit housed : thin unit housed
in a rackin a rack
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Mainframe ComputersMainframe Computers• Large, powerful systemsLarge, powerful systems• Access via a Access via a terminalterminal or or
a PCa PC– Dumb terminal = Dumb terminal =
input/output deviceinput/output device– Intelligent terminal = Intelligent terminal =
some processingsome processing• Thousands of users at a Thousands of users at a
timetime• Limited to certain types Limited to certain types
of tasksof tasks
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MinicomputersMinicomputers• Often called Often called midrange midrange
computerscomputers• Capabilities: between a Capabilities: between a
mainframe and a PCmainframe and a PC• Up to hundreds of users Up to hundreds of users
at a timeat a time• Access via a terminal or Access via a terminal or
PCPC
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SupercomputersSupercomputers• The most powerful computersThe most powerful computers• Very largeVery large• Up to two quadrillion (10Up to two quadrillion (101515) calculations per second) calculations per second• Link together hundreds of thousands of processorsLink together hundreds of thousands of processors• Handle large and highly complex problemsHandle large and highly complex problems
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Why Computers Are ImportantWhy Computers Are Important• Change how we work Change how we work
and liveand live• Provide ready access to Provide ready access to
informationinformation• Create some kinds of Create some kinds of
new informationnew information
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Where Computers Are UsedWhere Computers Are Used• HomesHomes
– CommunicationCommunication– Work-related tasksWork-related tasks– SchoolworkSchoolwork– EntertainmentEntertainment– CreativityCreativity– FinancesFinances
• Education/schoolsEducation/schools– Classes and degreesClasses and degrees– Computer applicationsComputer applications– Distance learningDistance learning
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Where Computers Are UsedWhere Computers Are Used• Businesses (small and large)Businesses (small and large)
– Accounting and inventory managementAccounting and inventory management– Stay in touch with customersStay in touch with customers– Computer-aided design and manufacturingComputer-aided design and manufacturing– Manage shipping routes and schedules Manage shipping routes and schedules – Process-control systemsProcess-control systems
• GovernmentsGovernments– U.S. Census BureauU.S. Census Bureau– Internal Revenue ServiceInternal Revenue Service– Military usesMilitary uses– PolicePolice
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Where Computers Are UsedWhere Computers Are Used• Health Care ProvidersHealth Care Providers
– Delivery of health care: Delivery of health care: more efficient and more efficient and accurateaccurate
– Procedures: MRI, Procedures: MRI, ultrasound, laser surgeryultrasound, laser surgery
– Robotic surgical devicesRobotic surgical devices– Medical recordsMedical records
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Where Computers Are UsedWhere Computers Are Used• Green ComputingGreen Computing
– Minimize wasteMinimize waste– Power-efficient Power-efficient
hardwarehardware– Working from home to Working from home to
reduce pollutionreduce pollution• Social CommunicationSocial Communication
– Instant access to other Instant access to other people people
– Share location and Share location and thoughtsthoughts