Download - © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 1 of 33 © 2009, Prentice- Hall, Inc. Units of Measurement
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Units of Measurement
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3.2 The International System of Units
In the signs shown here, the distances are listed as numbers with no units attached. Without the units, it is impossible to communicate the measurement to others. When you make a measurement, you must assign the correct units to the numerical value.
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Slide 3 of 33
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SI Units
•Système International d’Unités
•A different base unit is used for each quantity.
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Metric System
Prefixes convert the base units into units that are appropriate for the item being measured.
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
Units of Length
In SI, the basic unit of length, or linear measure, is the meter (m). For very large or and very small lengths, it may be more convenient to use a unit of length that has a prefix.
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
Common metric units of length include the centimeter, meter, and kilometer.
Size and Scale of Common Things
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
Units of Volume
The SI unit of volume is the amount of space occupied by a cube that is 1 m along each edge. This volume is the cubic meter (m)3. A more convenient unit of volume for everyday use is the liter, a non-SI unit.
A liter (L) is the volume of a cube that is 10 centimeters (10 cm) along each edge (10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm = 1000 cm3 = 1 L).
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The International System of Units
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Volume
• The most commonly used metric units for volume are the liter (L) and the milliliter (mL).
–A liter is a cube 1 dm long on each side.
–A milliliter is a cube 1 cm long on each side.
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
Common metric units of volume include the liter, milliliter, cubic centimeter, and microliter.
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
The volume of 20 drops of liquid from a medicine dropper is approximately 1 mL.
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
A sugar cube has a volume of 1 cm3. 1 mL is the same as 1 cm3.
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
A gallon of milk has about twice the volume of a 2-L bottle of soda.
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
Units of Mass
The mass of an object is measured in comparison to a standard mass of 1 kilogram (kg), which is the basic SI unit of mass.
A gram (g) is 1/1000 of a kilogram; the mass of 1 cm3 of water at 4°C is 1 g.
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
Common metric units of mass include kilogram, gram, milligram, and
microgram.
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The International System of Units
> SI Prefixes
Prefix Symbol Multiply the root word by Power of 10
tera - T 1 000 000 000 000 1012
giga - G 1 000 000 000 109
mega - M 1 000 000 106
kilo - k 1 000 103
hecto - h 100 102
deca - da 10 101
Root Unit 1 100
deci - d 0.1 10-1
centi - c 0.01 10-2
milli - m 0.001 10-3
micro - m 0.000 001 10-6
nano - n 0.000 000 001 10-9
pico - p 0.000 000 000 001 10-12
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The International System of Units
> Basic Metric prefixes
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The International System of Units
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Convert the following.
1. 200 m = __________ km 6. 2000 cL = __________ L
2. 1.2 L = __________ L 7. 0 .125 pm = __________ cm
3. 6000 cm = __________ m 8. 12 000 mg = __________ g
4. 2500 g = __________ Mg 9. 5 km = __________Tm
5. 500 hm = __________ m 10. 2 km = __________ mm
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
Units of Temperature
Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is. It is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Thermometers are used to measure temperature.
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The International System of Units
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Temperature
By definition temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample.
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The International System of Units
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Temperature• In scientific
measurements, the Celsius and Kelvin scales are most often used.
• The Celsius scale is based on the properties of water.
–0°C is the freezing point of water.
–100°C is the boiling point of water.
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The International System of Units
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Temperature
• The Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature.
• It is based on the properties of gases.
• There are no negative Kelvin temperatures.
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
On the Celsius scale, the freezing point of water is 0°C and the boiling point is 100°C.
On the Kelvin scale, the freezing point of water is 273.15 kelvins (K), and the boiling point is 373.15 K.
The zero point on the Kelvin scale, 0 K, or absolute zero, is the temperature at which all molecular motion would stop. It is equal to -273.15 °C.
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
Because one degree on the Celsius scale is equivalent to one kelvin on the Kelvin scale, converting from one temperature to another is easy. You simply add or subtract 273, as shown in the following equations.
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
Conversions Between the Celsius and Kelvin Scales
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The International System of Units
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Temperature• The Fahrenheit
scale is not used in scientific measurements.
• °F = 9/5(°C) + 32
• °C = 5/9(°F − 32)
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SAMPLE PROBLEM
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3.4
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SAMPLE PROBLEM
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3.4
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SAMPLE PROBLEM
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3.4
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SAMPLE PROBLEM
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3.4
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Practice Problems
Problem Solving 3.17 Solve Problem 17 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
for Sample Problem 3.4
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Practice Problems Celsius to Fahrenheit
°C = (°F – 32) • 5/9
°F = 9/5 • °C + 32
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
Units of Energy
Energy is the capacity to do work or to produce heat.
The joule and the calorie are common units of energy.
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
The joule (J) is the SI unit of energy.
One calorie (cal) is the quantity of heat that raises the temperature of 1 g of pure water by 1°C.
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The International System of Units
>3.2 Units and Quantities
This house is equipped with solar panels. The solar panels convert the radiant energy from the sun into electrical energy that can be used to heat water and power appliances.
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Section Quiz
-or-Continue to: Launch:
Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section
3.2 Section Quiz.
3.2.
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3.2 Section Quiz.
1. Which of the following is not a base SI unit?
a. meter
b. gram
c. second
d. mole
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3.2 Section Quiz.
2. If you measured both the mass and weight of an object on Earth and on the moon, you would find that
a. both the mass and the weight do not change.
b. both the mass and the weight change.
c. the mass remains the same, but the weight changes.
d. the mass changes, but the weight remains the same.
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3.2 Section Quiz.
3. A temperature of 30 degrees Celsius is equivalent to
a. 303 K.
b. 300 K.
c. 243 K.
d. 247 K.
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