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Craniosacral TherapyIntroduction
Theresa A. Schmidt, DPT,MS,OCS,LMT,CEAS,Chy,DD
www.educise.com
Sponsored by: Cross Country EducationC2009 Copyright Theresa A. Schmidt
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In the efforts to comply with the appropriate
boards/associations, I declare that I do have an
affiliation with or financial interest in a commercial
organization that could pose a conflict of interest with
my presentation.
Craniosacral Therapy Introduction
By Theresa A. Schmidt, DPT,MS,OCS,LMT,CEAS,CHY,DD
Cross Country EducationLeading the Way in Professional Development.
www.CrossCountryEducation.com
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STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
OF FASCIA:
Craniosacral Dura
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Compartmentalizes and
surrounds everything!
Maintains posture
Supports vessels, organs,
muscles, nerves, bones
Defines muscle motion
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Aids circulation
Influences cell metabolism
Aligns with mechanical
stresses
Deposits collagen to rebuild
and to heal injuries
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Relays and stores information
Electromagnetic transmission agent
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COMPOSITION OF FASCIA
Proteins:
collagen and elastin
Ground Substance:
lubricates and separates
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CRANIOSACRAL ANATOMY
8 cranial
14 facial
6 auditory
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CRANIUM
Frontal
Parietal-2
Occipital
Temporal-2
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
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FACIAL BONES
Zygomatic-2
Maxillae-2
Mandible
Nasal-2
Lacrimal-2
Palatine-2
Vomer
Inferior conchae-2
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ANATOMICAL LINKS
Cranial base
Core link- spinal dura
Sacrococcygeal complex,
S2, filum terminale, S4
Meninges, ventricles
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CRANIAL BASE
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Temporals
Occipital
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MENINGES
Dura
Arachnoid
Pia Mater
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DURA MATER
Falx Cerebri
Falx Cerebelli
Tentorium Cerebelli
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RECIPROCAL TENSION
MEMBRANES
Forces across a membrane
are transmitted equally
through CSF to other
membranes, hydraulic
system
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CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
Nourishing fluid produced by choroid plexus
circulates through 4 ventricles
Fluid mechanics affect membrane tension
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VENTRICLES
2 Lateral Ventricles
Third Ventricle
Fourth Ventricle
CSF travels through ducts in
the system
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EXAMINATION
History
Structural Assessment
Motion Analysis
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PALPATION
Craniosacral Rhythm
Cranial bones are anchors for dural membranes
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THE WHOLE IS
GREATER THAN
THE SUM OF ITS
PARTS!
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PRINCIPLES OF
CRANIOSACRAL MOTION
Craniosacral Rhythm (CSR)
Rhythmic inherent physiological
motion of 6-12 cycles/ minute
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CRANIAL MOTION
Flexion / external rotation
(widening)
Extension / internal
rotation (narrowing)
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FLEXION:
EXTERNAL ROTATION:
Transverse diameter increases
A-P diameter decreases
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SPHENOBASILAR FLEXION:
External rotation of paired
bones: widening
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SPHENOID AND OCCIPUT
ROTATE IN OPPOSITE
DIRECTIONS:
Like a clamshell:
Opening into flexion
Closing in extension
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As sphenoid rotates
anteriorly,
occiput rotates posteriorly
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SPHENOBASILAR EXTENSION
Internal rotation of paired
bones
Narrowing
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Sacrum moves
in synchrony
with sphenoid
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DURING SPHENOIDAL
FLEXION
Sacrum moves:
Apex anteriorly
Base posteriorly
Clamshell opens
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FORAMEN MAGNUM
Moves superiorly
Elevates
Tenses the dura
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COUNTERNUTATION
Craniosacral Flexion
“Tail tucks in”
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Sutures are not fused
in normals!
Function as joints
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Sutural Joints Contain:
Fascia, dural attachments, Sharpeys fibers, nerves,
C fibers and blood vessels
NOT FUSED!
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RESPIRATION
Inhalation enhances flexion
Exhalation enhances extension
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3 DIAPHRAGMS:
Tentorium Cerebelli
Respiratory Diaphragm
Pelvic Diaphragm
Depress and flatten during
inhalation
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CRANIOSACRAL
ASSESSMENT
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Rate
Amplitude
Quality
Symmetry of motion
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ABNORMAL CSR: Low Rate
Coma
Decreased vitality
Intracranial lesions
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ABNORMAL HIGH RATE
Denervation
Drug use
Hyperkinesis
Fever
Autism
Meningeal restrictions
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CRANIOSACRAL THERAPY
GOALS Reduce membrane restrictions
Increase mobility in articular
restrictions
Improve circulation
Reduce neural entrapment
Reduce abnormal sympathetic
tone
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PRECAUTION
Appropriate
diagnostic
workup must
be done prior
to treatment
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CONTRAINDICATIONS
Acute intracranial bleeding
Increased intracranial pressure
Skull trauma or fracture
Arnold-Chiari malformation
ANY condition in which motion is contraindicated (Upledger)
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PRECAUTIONS
Seizures
Internal hardware
Psychiatric or psychological disorders
Any history of brain trauma or stroke (Upledger)
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INDICATIONS
Acute systemic or local infections
Acute sprain and strain
Chronic pain
Visceral dysfunction
Autonomic dysfunction
Rheumatoid arthritis
Emotional disorders
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INDICATIONS
Scoliosis
Visual disturbances
Auditory problems
Cerebral ischemic episodes
Potential use in autism, ADD, seizures, headaches, TMJ, chronic conditions
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CRANIOSACRAL
ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES
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GENERAL & LOCAL
LISTENING
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CRANIOSACRAL RHYTHM
Upledger: “Accept what you sense
as real.”
Rhythmic pulse 6-12/min.
widening and narrowing
Palpate 5 grams of pressure or
less, weight of a nickel
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PROPRIOCEPTION EXERCISES
Enhance your
sensitivity
Rub hands briskly
Separate slowly
What do you feel?
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CRANIOSACRAL TECHNIQUES
Select clinical interventions:
Transverse Plane Releases
Cranial & Sacral Releases
Craniosacral Balancing
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TRANSVERSE PLANE
RELEASES
Respiratory diaphragm
Pelvic floor
Thoracic outlet
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RESPIRATORY DIAPHRAGAM
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PELVIC FLOOR RELEASE
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THORACIC OUTLET RELEASE
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SELECT CRANIAL RELEASES
Temporal Lift “Ear pull”
Frontal Lift
Mandibular decompression
Craniosacral balancing
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TEMPORAL RELEASE
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FRONTAL LIFT
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MANDIBULAR
DECOMPRESSION
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CRANIOSACRAL BALANCING
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CRANIAL RELEASES
CV4: Occiput
Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews study
showed inprovement in
headaches
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CV-4 RELEASE
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Integration of Techniques
into a Treatment Plan
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WWW.EDUCISE.COM
Visit for outstanding seminars, DVDs,
textbooks, and professional
consultations!
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Arroyo-Morales M, Olea N, Martinez M, Moreno-Lorenzo C, Díaz-Rodríguez L, Hidalgo-
Lozano A. Effects of myofascial release after high-intensity exercise: a randomized
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Barnes, John F., Myofascial Release Rehabilitation Services-Pain and Stress Control
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Barral, Jean-Pierre, and Mercier, Pierre, Visceral Manipulation, Seattle: Eastland Press,
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Becker, Robert O., and Selden, Gary, The Body Electric, Electromagnetism and the
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Cantu, Robert I. and Grodin, Alan, Myofascial Manipulation Theory and Clinical
Application, Gathersburg: 1992
Cameron, Carrie, Multidimensional Healing, Bloomington: Authorhouse, 2007
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Duncan B, McDonough-Means S, Worden K, Schnyer R, Andrews J, Meaney FJ.
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Gehin, Alain, Atlas of Manipulative Techniques for the Cranium and Face, Seattle,
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Gilchrist, Roger, Craniosacral Therapy and the Energetic Body, Berkeley: North Atlantic
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Oschman, James, Energy Medicine in Therapeutics and Human Performance,
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Research Society International, 1986
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Upledger, John, Somatoemotional Release and Beyond, Palm Beach Gardens, UI
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Waechter, Randall L. and Sergio, Lauren, Manipulation of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
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