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Important Empires I
Global AIS: Unit 5
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Map and TimelineThe map is for your reference.
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Timeline Write these in the boxes on the timeline Gupta Empire: started in 300 AD Tang Dynasty: started in 550 AD Byzantine Empire: started in 425 AD Muslim Empire: started in 625 AD
Empire: a civilization that takes over other territories and unites them under one rulero Looking back: The Roman Empire
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Gupta Empire
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Gupta Empire India’s “Golden Age” happened during the Gupta
Empireo Golden Age: A time in a culture’s history where there is
peace and prosperity. There are many great cultural contributions.
o Remember: The Age of Pericles was the Golden Age of Athens
Chandra Gupta started the Empire
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Contributions to our Society
Decimal systemo The fact that parts of numbers exist
Arabic Numeralso The numbers we use todayo 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on
Concept of Zeroo 0o The concept that nothing can exist in mathematical
concepts
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Tang Dynasty
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Tang DynastyLocated in China
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Influence on Japan and Korea
Much of Japanese and Korean culture was borrowed from the Chinese during the Tang Dynastyo Buddhismo Writing Systemo Confucianism: “Five Relationships”o Respect for Nature
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Silk Road Remember
o What was the Silk Road’s purpose?o What Chinese classical civilization started the Silk Road?
Helped the dynasty move westward Connected China with western cultures
o Muslimo Byzantine
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Contributions to our Society
Gunpowder Compass Mechanical Clock Porcelain Spinning Wheel Block Printing
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Byzantine Empire
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Byzantine Empire
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Ties to the Roman Empire
Created in the eastern half of the Old Roman Empire
How the Byzantine Empire Compared with the Roman Empire
Capital Religion Language
Other Information
Roman Rome Pagan, Roman Catholic (Christian)
Latin -The western half of the old Roman Empire-Fell into the “Dark Ages”
Byzantine
Constantinople
Eastern (Greek) Orthodox (Christian)
Greek -The eastern half of the old Roman Empire-Grew strong and lasted 1000 years
Note: The old Roman Empire fell and split into the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire.
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Impact on Russia Religion
o Eastern Orthodox spread to Russiao Renamed as Russian Orthodox
Tradeo Many Byzantine ideas were introduced to Russia through
trade• Cyrillic alphabet• Religion• Art work (mosaics)• Architecture
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Contributions to our Society
Justinian’s Codeo The laws of the Byzantine Empireo Based on the Twelve Tables of Romeo Became a basis for many laws in Europe
Art and Architecture Usually supported the Christian church
Preservers of Greek and Roman Cultureo Byzantine Empire saved the knowledge, art, and ideas of
the old Roman and Greek Empires
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Reasons Why the Empire Lasted So Long
Organized government Did not become too big
o Unlike the Romans who expanded across three continents or Alexander the Great (Greek)
Minded their own business
1453: The Byzantine Empire falls when Ottoman forces take control!
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Muslim Empire
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Muslim Empire
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How It Spread Origin
o Out of Mecca, east to India, west across North Africa, and on into Spain
o The same as Islam: Islam and the Muslim Empire are very intertwined
Growth (spreading Islam—the religion—to other people)o Military Conquest
• Took about 100 years to expand most of their empire• They were great fighters: If they died in battle, they believed they
would go directly to Heaven• They treated conquered people fairly
• Often better than previous rulers• Made them more likely to be loyal to their new empire
o Trade
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Important Events Battle of Tours
o 732 AD in Southern Franceo French Christians (under Charles Martel) defeated the
Muslims and stopped their advance into Europe Golden Age
o 700-900 ADo A time of great learning and cultural diffusiono Remember: what was cultural diffusion?
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Contributions to our Society
Mathematicso Spread Gupta math ideas
• Remember: what were the Gupta mathematical concepts?o Created algebra and trigonometry
Medicineo Created hospitals and wrote medical textbookso Doctors required to pass exams to practice medicine
Architectureo Influenced by Byzantine and Indian styles
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Preservers of Greek and Roman Culture
Preserved the ideas that they got from the Byzantine Empire
Improved upon those ideaso Ex. Translated Roman writing
The Muslim Empire was the most influential on European culture.o Why?
• Geographic location (close to Europe)• Traded extensively with Europe• The Crusades (we’ll learn about those later)
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More Contributions to our Society
Astronomyo Learned from Greek ideas
• Remember: In which Greek cities did those ideas originate?o Study of stars: created astronomical tables
Islamic Lawo Based on Islamic religious laws in the Qur’an (Koran)o Became the basis for political laws in the empire
• That means that religious concepts created an empire’s laws!
Bankingo Used moneyo Allowed credit (borrowing money) to be used