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盧貞穎 Jenny
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What’s wrong with phonics?
•教過 教會
•學過 學會
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Phonics Matters
Teacher’s concepts and motivation
Learner’s concepts and motivation
Phonics knowledge
Phonics instructions / strategies
Textbook
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Phonics Matters
Supplementary materials
Teaching aids
Time limit
Assignment
Assessment
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What is Phonics?
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What is Phonemic Awareness?
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Difference between Phonics and Phonemic
Awareness• Phonemic awareness deals with sounds in spoken word.
• Phonics deals with the relationship between sound
and letters.
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Why Phonics?
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How does phonics help EFL learners?
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Disadvantages
Not one to one correspondent:
1. tape, tap, tall, taro, ago, any, orange2. to, too, two, true, threw, through, shoe3. read, boat, ship, chip, this, think, phone4. know, kite, lamb, write, watch, light, Wednesday
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Phonics Categories
1. Single consonants --- b, c, …(21 consonants)
2. Short vowels --- a, e, i, o, u
3. Long vowels --- a_e, e _e, i _e, o _e, u _e
4. Vowel digraphs --- ai, ay, ea, ee, oa, oo
5. Diphthongs --- ou, oy, ow
6. r and l controlled vowels --- ar, er, ir, or, ur,
-all, -ill, -ell,…
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7. Consonant digraphs --- ch, sh, th, wh, ph, wr, kn, qu, ng
8. Consonant cluster --- bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gr, pl, pr, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, spl, spr, st, tr, str, nk, nd, nt, …
9. Others
s --- sun / is / sure / treasure
c --- cat / city
a --- ago / baby / apple / car / ball / sea
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Sequence of phonics instruction
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Phonics instructions
1. Traditional a. Analytic / indirect / implicit method
b. Synthetic / direct / explicit method
2. Constructive a. Spell based making words word study: picture sort & word sort
b. Compare/contrast and analogy: eat, neat, meat
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Phonics Related Ability
Reading with phonics:
letter letter-sound correspondence blending
Related ability:
1. Letter knowledge (pre-phonics level)
2. Letter-sound correspondence
3. Phonological awareness
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Teaching Guidelines• 1-1-1 能聽辨 26 個字母。• 1-1-2 能聽辨英語的語音。• 2-1-1 能說出 26 個字母。• 2-1-2 能唸出英語的語音。• 3-1-1 能辨識印刷體大小寫字母。• 3-1-3 能使用字母拼讀法 (phonics) 中基本常用的規則
讀 出單字。• 4-1-1 能書寫印刷體大小寫字母。 • 5-1-1 能正確地辨識、唸出與寫出 26 個英文字母。
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Letter Names & Letter Forms
-- Alphabet recognition
Writing instruction: Format (notebook & lines)
頂天立地
Say and Write
(in class practice)
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Listen for the Beginning Sound
Can you say (Tune: Happy Birthday)
Can you say the first sound? Can you say the first sound?
It’s the first sound in cat?
Can you say the first sound?
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Letter Sounds-- Phonics skill
3. Phonics skill training: Manipulating the sound
Making words
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Making words for EFL Beginners
• Use short vowels and consonants
• Begin with two-letter words
• Make CVC words
Sequential consideration
C, V → V C → C V C
(Ex) c, a, t → a t → c a t
• End up with meaningful reading or ask students
to make sentences with the words
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CVC Words for Beginners• abc cab• abedef bed dad • abcdefgh bag • abcdefghijk big fig kid Jack• abcdefghijklmn man leg can• abcdefghijklmnop mop cap pig • abcdefghijklmnopqr red • abcdefghijklmnopqrst bat hat rat• abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw sun van wig • abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz six yo-yo zebra
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Sample Lessons of Making words, Word Sorting and Reading
• Letters: a i b c f g n t • Make: in at cat fat bat bag big• Sort for: in at ag ig
• Reading: I see a cat. I see a fat cat. I see a bag. I see a big bag. I see a fat cat in a big
bag.
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Phonics Chants
Letter sound chant
-at, -at! c, -at, cat! I see a cat.
-at,- at! b, -at, bat! I see a bat.
-at,- at! h,- at, hat! I see a hat.
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Phonics Chants
Letter sound chantShow me, show me, show me a box. Here you are. x2
Ox, ox, in the box! Fox, fox, in the box! Show me, show me,
show me a box. Here you are. x2
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Phonics Songs• http://www.kiddyhouse.com/Songs/alpha/a.html
• Phonic Song A
• Ants on the apple a, a, a
Ants on the apple a, a, a
Ants on the apple a, a, a
"a" is the sound of "A"
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Handmade books
• Big books
• Small books
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Phonics Readers
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Phonics and RTR1 & R2: Cat, cat , cat.
R1: A cat.
R2: A fat cat.
R3 & R4: I see a fat cat.
R3 & R4: Hat, hat, hat.
R3: A hat.
R4: A big hat.
R1 & R2: I see a big hat.
All: Look, the fat cat is in the big hat!
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Phonics Tongue Twisters
• Fuzzy Wuzz http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/fuzzywuzzy/load.htm?f
Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear. Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair.
Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn’t very fuzzy, was he?
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Phonics Tongue Twisters
• Peter Piper
http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/peterpiper/load.htm?f
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers;A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked;If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper
picked?
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Phonics Tongue Twisters
• Seashells http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/shellysells/load.htm?f
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/rhymes/Shesells.shtml
She sells sea shells by the sea shore.And the shells she sells are surely sea
shells.
Since she sells shells by the sea shore,I'm sure the shells she sells are seashore
shells.
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Phonics Tongue Twisters
• Woodchuck
http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/woodchuck/load.htm?f
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/rhymes/Woodchuck.shtml
How much wood would a woodchuck chuck,
if a woodchuck could chuck wood?He would chuck as much wood
as a woodchuck could,if a woodchuck could chuck wood.
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http://www.enchantedlearning.com/
http://www.starfall.com/n/level-b/index/load.htm?f
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1. Constant Continuous Instruction
Effective Phonics Instruction
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Effective Phonics Instruction
2. Incorporating phonics in vocabulary instruction
SEE, HEAR, SAY and WRITE the words ----
• Using multi-sensory instruction
• Finger-pointing reading
• Letter- sound correspondence in reading and writing
--- Say and write
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Example 1
1. a ag bag bag
2. a at cat cat
3. a at Pat Pat
4. a ra bbit rabbit
5. a ad sad sad
6. She is Pat.
7. She has a cat.
A
Bag She is Pat.
She has a cat.
cat
Pat
Rabbit
sad
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Example 2
1. a_e ave brave
brave
2. a_e ave Dave Dave
3. a_e ake cake cake
4. a_e ame name name
5. a_e ace race race
6. This is Dave.
7. He is brave.
a_e
brave This is
Dave.
He is brave.
Dave
cake
name
race
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Effective Phonics Instruction
3. Blending
a, t at
h, -at hat
bas, -ket basket
basket, -ball basketball
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Effective Phonics Instruction4. Segmentation
• Onset and rime: c/at, n/ice
• Syllable segmentation: to-day; mon-key
• Spelling patterns: -ight
fight, light, might, night, right, sight, tight
• Compound word: book/store, free/way,
sea/food, side/walk school/bag, bed/time,
door/bell, ….
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Effective Phonics Instruction
5. Induction: father, mother, brother ther
Deduction: ar car, card, park, smart
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Effective Phonics Instruction
6. Meaningful reading:
words, phrases, sentences, rhymes,
songs and chants, tongue twisters,
phonics readers, easy readers,…..
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Mary has a cat.The cat is fat. Mary has a pig.The pig is big.Mary has a bat.The bat is on the mat.
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I sayLet’s play.
Let’s play all day.Let’s play at the
bay.Let’s play on the
hay.
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Dadby Wiley Blevins
Scholastic Phonics Readers
I am Dad.I am sad.I am mad.
I am a sad, mad Dad.Am I sad?Am I mad?
I am a glad Dad.
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I Have a Coldby Grace Maccarone
Scholastic Hello Reader Level 1
I have a cold.My ears are stuffy.My nose is runny.My eyes are puffy.Ah-choo! Ah-choo!
I sneeze and sneeze.I blow my nose.
Excuse me, please.
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Spelling Patterns1. Collect high frequency spelling patterns:
un- -able -ight dis- -ful -ther en- -less -gry in- -ness -ought re- -tion -sion pro- -ing -all grand- -eep -ack
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all ar ea i-e ball dark eat bike fall park beat kite tall marker neat like mall market read drivesmall supermark
etteache
rwebsit
e