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高 一 英 语
Module 2 Unit 1
Tales of the unexplained
Grammar(2)
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• Structures connected with the present perfect tense:
1) It is (has been) +a period of time +since-clause.
2)This (That/It) is the first (second…) time + that-clause (present perfect tense).
3)This (That/It) is the best/ finest /most interesting … + that-clause. (present perfect tense).
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the Present Perfect Continuous
Tense 现在完成进行时态
Form: have / has + been +doing
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_________________________________________
past perfect past now future
present perfect
_________________________________________
past perfect past now future
present perfect continuous
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The boy started having dinner five
minutes ago.
He is still having dinner now.
The boy ________________ (have) dinner since five minutes ago.
has been having
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The man started working in the
field half an hour ago.
He is still working now.
The man __________________ (work) in the field for half an hour.
has been working
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Summary 1:1.We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing.I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.
past present
not being able to sleep well
I’m still not sleeping well.I returned home.
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Summary 2:
We also use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.
---Sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long?
---Yes. I’ve been waiting for an hour.
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P.9
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Please read Notes1-4 on Page 10 carefully.
P.10 Comparison
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Present perfect or present perfect continuous tense?
She is still reading the book.
Li Jia has been reading a
book about Stonehenge.
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Li Jia has read a book
about Stonehenge.
She finished reading the book.
She knows the content of the book now.
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Note:
We use the present perfect tense to
talk about an action completed in the
recent past, and the present prefect
continuous tense for an action that
started in the past and is still
happening.
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She __________ (visit)
Japan twice this
month.
He _______________ (tour)
America for two months.
has visited
has been touring
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Note: The present perfect continuous tense can’t be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again. We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.
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How many times _______________
(swim) in the lake?
How long ______________________ (swim) in the lake?
have you been swimming
have you swum
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Note: We usually use the present
perfect tense to ask questions
beginning with how many/much,
and the present perfect continuous
tense to ask questions beginning
with how long.
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1)She has had the pen for 2 years.
2)She has written many compositions with this pen.
3)She has been writing compositions with this pen.
state verb
action verb
action verb
A state verb or an action verb?
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An action means something happening
or changing. A state means something
staying the same. Some examples of
action verbs are do, go, and play. Some
examples of state verbs are like, know
and exist.
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Note: We can use either a state verb or
an action with the present perfect
tense, but we usually can only use an
action verb with the present perfect
continuous tense. A state verb doesn’t
mean an action, so it can’t be used in a
continuous tense.
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• They’ve always had a big garden.
• How long have you known each other?
• He’s been in hospital since his
accident.
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I’ve already
been to Tibet.
I’ve never visited
Tibet.
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Note:
We use the present perfect tense,
not the present perfect continuous
tense, with the words like always,
never, yet, already and ever.
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How long have you
been learning English?
How long have you
learnt English?
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It has been raining
for a long time.
It has rained for
a long time.
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Note: An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, snow, etc.
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P.11
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( ) 1. Although he has lived with us
for years, he _________ us much
impression.
A. hadn’t left B. didn’t leave
C. doesn’t leave D. hasn’t left
Multiple choice
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( ) 2. How can you possibly miss the
news? It ___________ on TV all day
long.
A. has been B. had been
C. was D. will be
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( ) 3.---- _____ Dad and Vicky _____ married?
A. How long were, being
B. How long, have
C. How long have, been
D. How long did, get
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( ) 4. ---- How long ______ at the job?
---- Since 1990.
A. were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed
D. will you been employed
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( ) 5. I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A.hasn’t written B. doesn’t write
C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
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1.Review the Grammar we have
learned in Unit 1.
2.Finish A and B on P11; C1 and C2
on P88.
3.Preview Task.