QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT I
August 1st, 2012 – October 31
st, 2012
Multi-Objective Agent-based Modeling and Optimization of Single Stream Recycling
Programs
PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATOR: Nurcin Celik, Ph.D.
Department of Industrial Engineering
University of Miami
Coral Gables, FL, USA
Telephone: (305) 284-2391
E-mail: [email protected]
TEAM MEMBERS: Eric D. Antmann, Xiaoran Shi, and Aristotelis E. Thanos
WORK ACCOMPLISHED DURING THIS REPORTING PERIOD
During this reporting period, work focused on the collection and preparation of the data required
for the development and operation of the proposed simulation and optimization framework, and
experiments to be carried out using the framework. Numerous federal, state, and local agencies,
as well as both public and private utilities, were involved in the data collection process, including
the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP), the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA), the United States Census Bureau (USCB), and many others, as
well as another current Hinkley-funded project, Putting Solid Waste to Work:
A Longitudinal Study of Employment Effects of 1988 Florida Solid Waste Management Act.
For the purposes of data collection, generation units were defined at each discrete service
location (single-family residence, multi-family residence, and commercial/industrial sites). Data
regarding the location and characteristics of the existing solid waste management facilities in the
State of Florida was obtained from a previous Hinkley-funded project carried out by our research
group, Simulation-Based Optimization Framework for Solid Waste Management and Recycling
Programs. Data regarding the number and description (single-family residential, multi-family
residential, and commercial/industrial) of the generation units, as well as the quantity and
composition of their waste generation, was obtained on a per-county basis from FDEP and
USEPA records.
Furthermore, in order to model single-stream recycling (SSR) systems, the road network
connecting the generation and processing units is of vital importance. Therefore, during the data
collection, road network data was obtained from the United States Census Bureau. These data
were combined with the generation unit and processing facility inventories and defined in an
integrated geographic information system (GIS). This GIS will provide the proposed simulation
and optimization framework with georelational data of all relevant nodes of the SSR system, and
facilitate a truck-routing algorithm.
In addition to the georelational aspects of SSR systems, economic performance is also of major
significance. Thus, information regarding the fees and costs at all processing facilities located in
the state was obtained from our earlier work on Simulation-Based Optimization Framework for
Solid Waste Management and Recycling Programs, and the fees charged by all haulers, which
would collect SSR materials from the service locations, were also collected. This data was
added to a structured database based on structured query language (SQL). The SQL database
will be linked to the simulation and optimization framework in the same manner as the integrated
GIS, and provide economic and capacity information for all processing nodes.
The data collection and preparation of GIS and database modules are approximately 95%
complete. The data collection for the generation units and processing and treatment facilities is
complete, all remaining data collection activities will focus on obtaining the operational and
economic parameters of all Haulers operating in the State of Florida.
INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES
Site Visits and Presentations:
*The team presented to Waste Management, Inc. on September 11, 2012. Waste Management,
Inc. provided feedback on their needs, objectives, and concerns from the proposed framework
and discussed contributing background data on their operations and suggestions for further case
study development.
*The team hosted a TAG Committee Meeting on Thursday, November 1, 2012.
*The team submitted abstracts for annual conferences held by the Solid Waste Association of
North America (SWANA) and the Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference
(ISERC).
*The team worked on and posted an enhanced website describing the project, accessible at
http://www.ie.miami.edu/celik/swmwebsite/default.htm
INTRODUCTION
Over the past two decades, the volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in the United
States has risen by 73%, outpacing both domestic population and economic growth and that of
all other nations. Together with mounting environmental pressures, which reduce the availability
of suitable disposal sites and increase disposal costs, these forces have led to the establishment of
curbside recycling programs throughout the United States. The planning of curbside recycling
programs, much like integrated solid waste management (SWM) in general, is a highly complex
process, due to the multitude of stakeholders involved: regulators; municipal, county, and state
governments; private contractors; local businesses; and local residents. Therefore, the
performance of these systems must be evaluated from many perspectives: economic,
environmental (recycling rate, greenhouse gas emissions), social (noise and traffic impacts), and
operational (capacity utility rate, operation schedule). Uncertainties also exist at both the facility
and system level, due to variability in day-to-day generation and capacity availability. These
uncertainties must be accounted for and quantified in order to accurately simulate and optimize
these systems. Combined with the high cost of MRF’s, and recycling programs in general, the
complexity of these factors necessitates the use of modeling and optimization tools for the design
of effective, and economically viable, recycling programs.
Traditional curbside recycling programs utilize dual-stream systems, in which generation units
must separate materials prior to collection into separate containers for paper, and metals and
plastics. These separate containers are either collected by different collection vehicles or by
collection vehicles with multiple compartments, and are processed at a Material Recovery
Facility (MRF) designed for dual-stream arrivals. However, as a result of the requirement to pre-
sort materials, participation rates in these systems are relatively low. Single-stream recycling
(SSR) is a system in which recyclables are collected and processed in a comingled state, and is
advocated as a solution to this shortcoming of dual-stream systems. Case studies, including
Miami-Dade County, Florida, indicate that participation increases significantly when the
requirement to pre-sort is eliminated. However, SSR systems require more sophisticated, and
thus costly, MRF facilities, as they must both process and sort arrivals. Therefore, in-depth
modeling, including all uncertainties, costs, and revenues, is necessary in order to assess both the
operational and economic viability of SSR for a given region, and to compare its performance
with conventional dual-stream systems.
Despite these challenges, the potential viability of SSR systems to improve on current recycling
performance is clearly manifested by the nature of MSW stream. A substantial majority of the
waste stream consists of recyclable materials, such as paper, cardboard, plastic, metal, and glass,
and a large portion of these recyclable materials are not diverted by present recycling systems.
The composition of the MSW stream from Broward County, Florida, representative of many
mixed urban and suburban counties, is presented in Figure 1, depicting the presently disposed
recyclable materials available. These statistics corroborate that, if designed and operated in an
economically and operationally sustainable manner, SSR systems have the potential do
dramatically increase overall recycling rates.
Figure 1: Present Composition of MSW Collected and Recycled in Broward County, Florida
Numerous challenges are present in the development of such simulation and optimization tools.
Unlike SWM systems in general, in which collection and processing operations are in large part
130,026
72,481
8,005
38,371
10,454
233,041
31,599
347,025
18,505,476
28,757
5,417
26,806,577
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Perc
ent
of
Co
llect
ed M
ater
ial R
ecyc
led
MSW Collected & Recycled [Buble size: collected waste in tons]
MSW Collected and Recycled in Broward County, Florida (Tons)
independent, SSR systems are intimately dependent on the conditions of the road network.
These systems also have elaborate fee structures and revenue structures, as fees vary between
generation units and geographic regions, and revenues vary based both on the quality and
quantity of recycled materials yielded. For these reasons, great disparities exist amongst
implementations, in terms of economic viability, materials addressed, level of service provided,
environmental impact, and participation rate. The high cost of sophisticated SSR-capable MRF’s
exacerbates the necessity of accurate simulation tools, as the development of an SSR system is a
long-term commitment by both a community and a utility provider.
In our earlier work of Simulation-Based Optimization Framework for Solid Waste Management
and Recycling Programs a simulation-based decision making and optimization framework was
proposed for SWM systems. This proposed solution evaluated these systems from economic,
environmental, and operational perspectives simultaneously, and functioned at both the regional
and county levels. This proposed solution was also designed to be general in nature, so that it is
applicable to the SWM system of any geographic region based on standardized database items.
These same features are necessary for the simulation and optimization of SSR systems.
However, in the SWM model, collection operations and revenues were largely ignored, due to
the independence of SWM facilities from these aspects. Therefore, the development of a
simulation framework requires significant expansion of the existing theory and implementation.
This project proposes a novel full life-cycle model of SSR systems, utilizing the hybrid agent-
discrete topology developed in the previous study. The proposed solution will include
submodels of both the collection system, including the real road network, and the processing
system, including the SSR-capable MRF’s and remaining landfills and waste-to-energy facilities
which process non-recyclable materials. These disposal facilities are included because some
non-recyclable materials will remain in the waste stream for the foreseeable future, regardless of
diversion programs. The agent-based component of the topology will provide accurate models
of the interactions, in both economic and operational terms, between generation units and
processing and treatment facilities, and the discrete-event component will provide accurate unit-
level modeling of each processing and treatment facility. An overall agent-based topology
allows all of these modules to interface in a unified environment, creating meaningful linkages of
both material and economic transfer throughout the framework.
The proposed framework obtains all necessary data from a structured database. This database
houses data regarding the location and parameters (capacity, generation rate, processing fee,
potential revenues, and greenhouse gas emissions) of both generation units and processing and
treatment facilities. The road network connecting these facilities is also included, in the form of
TIGER/Line data provided by the USCB. By retaining all data in a human-readable format, this
module allows for the easy modification of the framework to different geographic regions or
revised systems by the end user, thus providing generality. Two main modules, the simulation
module and the fleet utilities optimization module, draw data from this database. The simulation
module defines a study region, based on a graphical user interface provided to users, and
identifies and parameterizes system uncertainties and properties relevant to that region, for
inclusion in a holistic, agent-based model of the SWM system under review. At this point,
alternatives of SSR, with respect to their characteristics, cost, environmental impact, materials
addressed, types and capacities of facilities needed, government practices, collection frequencies,
and convenience for public participation are also evaluated. Furthermore, the generation units,
processing and treatment facilities, and road networks relevant to the study region are selected.
All of the selected information is then parameterized, or converted into a machine-readable
format, for the compiling and initialization of the simulation model.
The model is located in the fleet utilities optimization module. An integrated Geographic
Information System, featuring network and spatial analysis algorithms, is used to develop initial
routing specifications based on the imported georelational data. The hybrid agent-discrete model
is then compiled using a library of automated constructors, based on the parameterized data
provided by the simulation module. An optimization mechanism is also included in which the
multi-criteria problem of the allocation of limited resources is formulated and solved via a meta-
heuristic optimization system. This optimization system utilizes an iterative candidate-
generation processing, in which the initial conditions are used to compile the model, it is run for
a user-defined study period, and a performance analysis, in terms of economic, environmental,
and operational outcomes, is carried out. This performance is then compared to capacity
constraints and the objective of increasing recycling performance, and the meta-heuristic
algorithm proposes a new candidate system configuration to improve this performance. This
candidate is then run in the simulation model, and another performance analysis is carried out.
Through an iterative process, the optimum solution, considered as the combination of operating
variables which yields maximum percentage of recyclables recovered while minimizing the total
cost, is determined. A graphical overview of the proposed framework is presented in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Graphical Overview of Proposed Framework
Facility Inventory
Generation Units
Costs and Fee Structures
Road Network
Regulatory Environment
User Editable
Structured Database
SSR Characteristics
Costs
Location
Political and Public Acceptability
Materials Addressed
Facility Inventory
Generation Units
Fleet Characteristics
Routing and Scheduling
Alternatives to SSR
Data in Human-Readable
Format
Simulation Module
Model and Algorithm Update
Proposed Multi-Criteria Optimum
Parameterized Data
Data in Machine-Readable
Format
Initial Routing
Data Transfer
Real System Selective Database
Update and Fine-Tuning Network Analysis
Spatial Analysis
Agent-based Model
Multi-criteria Optimization Algorithm
Performance Analysis
Fleet Utilities Optimization Module
Geographic Information System
PHASE I: DATA COLLECTION
The development and operation of the proposed framework requires an extensive library of data,
to be stored in the structured database. Data regarding location and parameters (cost, capacity,
generation rate, and location) of the generation units, and processing and treatment facilities, is
necessary for the accurate representation of these in the hybrid agent-discrete model.
Furthermore, detailed georelational information regarding the road network is crucial to
accurately model the transfer mechanisms utilized by the real systems. Therefore, an in-depth
data collection phase was carried out during this reporting period.
In the survey of processing and treatment facilities to be considered, both MRF’s used for SSR
and the remaining landfills and waste-to-energy facilities were included. This is because
regardless of source reduction and diversion programs, a non-recyclable component of the MSW
stream will remain for the foreseeable future. Therefore, the performance of disposal facilities
for these materials, as well as the impact of SSR on their operations and economic performance,
remains of vital importance. The parameters of these facilities, including their location,
operating cost, capacity, hours, and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the geographic areas
they serve at present, were researched during the prior project carried out by Dr. Celik and the
research group, Simulation-Based Optimization Framework for Solid Waste Management and
Recycling Programs. This information was incorporated into this project directly. During this
process, the six regions that the FDEP divides the State of Florida into, by county, were
considered as well. Both the 302 facilities and six regions are presented graphically in Figure 3,
and are pursuant to current FDEP license statuses. Their distribution amongst the six regions is
presented in Table 1. The wide variation amongst the regions, in terms of their facility
composition and generation rates, further corroborates the necessity of a generalized, human-
readable structured database. This database, combined with database-driven model compiling,
eliminates the need for hard-coding each distinct region, resulting in a single framework being
applicable to discrepant regions.
Region
Facilities (Count / Total Daily Capacity in Tons) Generation Units
(Count / Total Daily
Generation in Tons) Landfill
Waste-to-
Energy
Material
Recovery
Facility
Transfer
Station
Southeast 12 / 57,475 7 / 11,520 29 / 26,858 21 / 21,645 125 / 23,142
South 5 / 4,080 1 / 636 8 / 3,465 6 / 1,540 18 / 3,900
Southwest 12 / 13,220 5 / 9,322 21 / 8,985 13 / 13,100 78 / 18,535
Central 10 / 14,470 1 / 350 18 / 7,210 15 / 7,230 90 / 16,593
Northeast 11 / 14,720 1 / 200 21 / 11,840 37 / 7,860 88 / 9,127
Northwest 11 / 5,982 2 / 3,500 21 / 5,714 13 / 3,140 77 / 5,387
Table 1: Overview of Florida’s SWM Regions.
Figure 3: Statewide Facility Inventory and Multi-County Regions
However, in addition to the 302 processing facilities, the State of Florida also has over 10 million
unique service locations. Due to the dependence of SSR on collection mechanisms, and thus the
road network, generation units were defined at each distinct service location. The inventory of
generation units was thus derived from the property tax parcel records, obtained from the Florida
Department of Revenue. All inhabited parcels in each county were incorporated into the
structured database, and divided into single-family residential, multi-family residential, and
commercial, industrial, and institutional classes. Location data was incorporated into the
integrated GIS based on data obtained from the Florida Georelational Database.
In addition to this data, the total MSW generation of each class of generation units was
determined on a per-county basis, based on FDEP reports. This figure was aggregated based on
the number of generators of each class in the counties, to determine per-unit generation rates.
The composition of the waste stream from each generation unit class was also determined from
FDEP reports, and incorporated into the structured database. These figures varied significantly
both between generator classes and between regions, highlighting the necessity of per-county
analysis of waste composition. Appendix A presents the overall waste composition on a by-
county basis, highlighting these disparities. In figure 4, the generator composition, by class, is
displayed from selected counties, highlighting this variation. With this information, both the
quantity and composition of each generation unit’s waste stream can be determined.
Figure 4: Generation Unit Inventories of Selected Counties
The parameters and location of the generation units and processing and treatment facilities, while
crucial to modeling, is not sufficient to accurately model the real-world collection and transfer
mechanisms, which are highly dependent on the road network and routing. Therefore, in
addition to these nodes, information regarding the road network was needed. This was obtained
from the United States Census Bureau, through the TIGER/Line system. This data contained the
location and length of the 840,000 primary, secondary, and tertiary public roadways in the State
of Florida. In the integrated GIS, this data is combined with the generation and processing node
locations to develop a complete network dataset. Within this network dataset, network and
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
Alachua Hillsborough Broward Miami-Dade Orange Palm Beach
Single Family Multi-Family Commercial
spatial analysis algorithms can provide detailed and optimized routing information. Thus, in
figure 5, all of the components necessary for collection and transfer modeling are unified into a
single georelational tool, at the neighborhood scale: source nodes, processing nodes, and transfer
arcs. The quantity, density, and proximity of these entities underscores both the complexity of
the SSR systems under review and necessity of accurate georelational modeling.
Beyond the georelational organization of Florida’s SWM infrastructure, operational and
economic parameters are also crucial to the proposed framework. Along these lines, a survey of
all haulers operating in the state was carried out, seeking their service area, materials addressed,
and fees. This data, together with the processing and treatment facility cost and profit data
obtained from the earlier work by Dr. Celik and the research team, provided all cost and revenue
sources in the SSR system. A total of 500 documents were reviewed and 200 telephone calls
were made in the process of this data collection. A list of reviewed documents is presented in
Appendix B.
Therefore, the combination of generation unit, processing and treatment facility, and road
network data, from operational, economic, and environmental perspectives, in the structured
database provides a unified dataset for the complete SSR life-cycle. By maintaining this
information in a human-readable format, generality is achieved, as users may easily modify data
to reflect various perspective SSR systems or different geographic regions. Thus, the thorough
data collection phase provided the resources necessary both to accurately simulate diverse SSR
systems and to provide an adaptable and user-friendly resource to the end users.
Figure 5: Example Neighborhood-Level Roadway and Generation Unit View
PROGRESS AND THE FUTURE WORK
Task I: 95% Completed during this reporting period. Identification of sources of uncertainties in the single stream recycling and review of previously developed models. Background survey to develop a foundation for this study and for consideration by industry participants will be carried out. A review of existing models of SSR systems, considering the guiding objectives, issues addressed, geographic scale, stakeholders included, level of detail, and modeling techniques used will be conducted. Background on the nature of SSR systems, including key facility and fleet parameters, regulatory environment, economic and environmental concerns, historical performance, and key stakeholders will also be developed. Existing SSR programs in Florida will be assessed, including the inventory of facilities, fleet characteristics, and waste generation units. Environmental, economic, and operational parameters, constraints, objectives, and uncertainties of such components will be characterized and quantified. Available modeling approaches (system dynamics, discrete-event, agent-based) and optimization methods (meta-heuristic techniques) will be surveyed as well. Remaining work regards the economic aspects (fees) and service areas of haulers operating in the State of Florida.
Task II: Primary Task for Reporting Period II. Development of agent-based simulation model for Florida’s SSR programs.
a) Gathering of Historical Data: Historical data will be gathered to populate the database, providing data need for parameterization of system uncertainties and characteristics, and data for the operation of the integrated GIS system. The database and query structure will be developed at this point.
b) Model Development: The discrete-continuous, agent-based model of SSR programs will be developed. Interfacing of this model with the database and integrated GIS system will be established, and the operation of the GIS system will be developed. The embedded optimization mechanism will be developed, and its operation will be verified. Communication between all components will be standardized, and user interfaces will be prepared. The database will be populated with all gathered historical data.
c) Model Verification and Validation: The completed components will be run using data from an existing SSR program, and a performance evaluation will be carried out. Data from the framework will be compared with data from the real system, and the framework will be tuned as necessary to produce consistent and valid data.
Task III: Primary Task for Reporting Period III. Optimization of SSR systems under real-world conditions. The framework components will be used to optimize an existing SSR system. Optimization will be carried out with the intent of assisting the State of Florida best achieve its 75% recycling goal by the year 2020, at minimal cost. The following scenarios will be presented to the framework:
a) Minimize overall costs for Florida’s solid waste management and recycling program b) Minimize the environmental impact c) Maximize revenue obtained out of the program d) Maximize participation rates and the volume of materials recovered
Task IV: Primary Task for Reporting Period IV. Recommendations for the state of Florida and final documentation. The framework will be used to develop an optimal SSR system from the ground-up. Analysis will be carried out both with the framework confined to existing facilities and with the option to add facilities, and under each of the scenarios used in Phase III. The resources needed to implement an action plan in the State of Florida’s will be determined at this stage.
APPENDIX A: WASTE COMPOSITION BY COUNTY
County C&D Aluminum and
Plastic Metal Paper
Food
Waste
Yard
Trash Glass
Process
Fuel Commercial
Alachua 19.03% 0.44% 10.69% 15.28% 0.03% 26.08% 1.73% 0.09% 26.62%
Baker 0.00% 0.69% 37.46% 48.85% 1.58% 0.00% 0.04% 0.00% 11.38%
Bay 14.27% 1.87% 47.23% 35.80% 0.00% 0.00% 0.18% 0.00% 0.65%
Bradford 0.27% 1.25% 51.66% 10.18% 0.45% 0.00% 12.65% 0.00% 23.53%
Brevard 21.91% 0.86% 13.90% 12.00% 0.06% 23.20% 1.91% 0.00% 26.17%
Broward 27.38% 0.69% 25.49% 29.23% 0.00% 5.77% 3.77% 0.00% 7.67%
Calhoun 0.00% 0.11% 79.08% 4.64% 0.00% 0.00% 1.16% 0.00% 15.01%
Charlotte 28.70% 1.18% 23.98% 23.52% 0.25% 5.49% 5.98% 0.00% 10.88%
Citrus 5.63% 1.33% 38.34% 17.35% 0.08% 14.24% 2.10% 0.00% 20.93%
Clay 0.33% 0.29% 15.91% 14.01% 0.24% 32.61% 2.36% 0.00% 34.23%
Collier 23.14% 0.40% 10.84% 20.81% 0.06% 18.93% 4.28% 0.00% 21.54%
Columbia 0.00% 1.47% 44.03% 24.21% 0.44% 0.00% 0.03% 0.00% 29.82%
Desoto 0.00% 2.39% 16.52% 33.69% 0.00% 22.37% 0.00% 0.00% 25.02%
Dixie 0.00% 0.07% 77.16% 3.85% 0.00% 0.00% 8.73% 0.00% 10.18%
Duval 37.45% 1.25% 23.92% 18.35% 0.11% 3.33% 1.10% 3.62% 10.88%
Escambia 1.21% 2.82% 52.31% 16.68% 0.15% 8.73% 0.77% 0.00% 17.33%
Flagler 24.62% 0.37% 39.61% 24.11% 0.25% 0.00% 3.79% 0.00% 7.24%
Franklin 0.39% 0.26% 10.57% 7.38% 0.00% 36.11% 3.29% 0.00% 42.00%
Gadsden 0.16% 0.48% 87.85% 11.51% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Gilchrist 0.00% 2.68% 58.29% 23.92% 0.00% 0.00% 5.09% 0.00% 10.02%
Glades 0.00% 0.95% 82.14% 3.19% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 13.72%
Gulf 0.00% 3.01% 81.42% 4.37% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 11.20%
Hamilton 0.00% 1.83% 75.95% 9.36% 0.00% 0.00% 0.11% 0.00% 12.75%
Hardee 0.00% 14.90% 9.86% 13.51% 0.00% 30.79% 0.14% 0.00% 30.79%
Hendry 0.00% 1.85% 82.78% 13.43% 0.27% 0.03% 0.53% 0.00% 1.12%
Hernando 0.52% 1.07% 9.20% 35.22% 0.11% 18.78% 1.94% 0.00% 33.16%
Highlands 12.91% 1.87% 23.76% 56.53% 0.00% 0.00% 4.92% 0.00% 0.01%
Hillsborough 0.89% 0.70% 43.74% 14.91% 0.55% 4.89% 2.30% 9.02% 23.00%
Holmes 0.00% 0.81% 72.66% 20.14% 0.00% 0.00% 0.08% 0.00% 6.31%
Indian River 0.00% 0.59% 9.47% 12.17% 0.00% 9.24% 3.41% 27.11% 38.01%
Jackson 0.00% 0.53% 32.19% 66.49% 0.00% 0.00% 0.79% 0.00% 0.00%
Jefferson 1.03% 0.06% 53.36% 34.69% 0.00% 0.00% 7.30% 0.00% 3.55%
Lafayette 0.00% 0.00% 88.25% 5.97% 0.00% 0.00% 5.59% 0.00% 0.19%
Lake 23.11% 4.99% 19.02% 32.02% 0.17% 8.87% 1.81% 0.00% 10.02%
Lee 11.27% 0.84% 38.45% 16.53% 0.00% 12.34% 1.97% 0.00% 18.59%
Leon 45.57% 0.34% 10.54% 21.03% 0.06% 6.73% 2.45% 1.25% 12.04%
Levy 0.04% 0.86% 78.59% 15.25% 0.97% 0.00% 0.58% 0.00% 3.70%
Liberty 0.00% 2.08% 85.57% 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 12.28%
Madison 0.00% 1.60% 41.22% 7.06% 0.00% 17.37% 0.00% 0.00% 32.75%
Manatee 8.85% 0.26% 9.45% 17.13% 0.07% 17.71% 3.01% 11.85% 31.67%
Marion 0.13% 0.83% 53.84% 19.42% 0.00% 11.88% 0.55% 0.00% 13.35%
Martin 11.19% 1.02% 3.80% 20.41% 0.03% 29.90% 2.93% 0.00% 30.72%
Miami-Dade 3.73% 0.38% 20.59% 34.23% 0.00% 9.77% 2.81% 5.02% 23.47%
Monroe 29.52% 0.19% 0.02% 11.17% 0.00% 0.00% 4.35% 27.37% 27.37%
Nassau 31.67% 0.42% 38.20% 22.59% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 7.11%
Okaloosa 0.00% 0.75% 13.99% 16.40% 0.00% 31.54% 1.74% 0.00% 35.59%
Okeechobee 0.00% 0.54% 58.87% 6.55% 0.00% 16.65% 0.74% 0.00% 16.65%
Orange 21.01% 1.32% 16.76% 29.53% 3.37% 4.98% 4.52% 0.00% 18.50%
Osceola 2.27% 1.19% 22.23% 68.09% 0.00% 0.00% 1.30% 0.00% 4.92%
Palm Beach 14.67% 0.70% 17.10% 18.33% 0.00% 8.23% 1.68% 14.02% 25.28%
Pasco 28.46% 0.89% 17.80% 18.22% 0.00% 13.80% 3.15% 0.00% 17.67%
Pinellas 16.62% 0.40% 11.02% 14.85% 0.03% 25.82% 0.49% 0.00% 30.77%
Polk 0.56% 1.11% 33.87% 28.93% 0.16% 0.00% 3.11% 10.02% 22.23%
Putnam 0.99% 0.35% 40.89% 12.02% 0.19% 17.52% 3.03% 0.00% 25.02%
Santa Rosa 0.23% 0.31% 58.77% 18.36% 0.00% 8.64% 0.92% 0.00% 12.77%
Sarasota 40.56% 0.61% 13.31% 17.46% 0.59% 8.97% 6.25% 0.00% 12.25%
Seminole 26.87% 4.22% 5.90% 43.97% 0.17% 6.35% 5.28% 0.00% 7.25%
St. Johns 2.88% 0.33% 72.35% 22.08% 0.00% 0.00% 0.07% 0.00% 2.30%
St. Lucie 31.37% 0.47% 9.69% 11.18% 0.09% 22.07% 2.53% 0.00% 22.61%
Sumter 0.02% 4.13% 24.25% 56.63% 0.00% 0.00% 8.35% 0.00% 6.63%
Suwannee 0.00% 1.90% 71.05% 5.26% 0.00% 0.00% 0.16% 0.00% 21.64%
Taylor 0.59% 1.64% 54.85% 22.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.20% 0.00% 20.71%
Union 2.68% 3.39% 64.00% 12.89% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 17.03%
Volusia 45.82% 1.30% 17.16% 27.90% 0.13% 0.21% 3.08% 0.00% 4.41%
Wakulla 10.26% 0.42% 25.44% 57.31% 0.59% 0.00% 0.94% 0.00% 5.04%
Walton 0.00% 0.40% 43.19% 19.46% 0.00% 15.16% 0.00% 0.00% 21.79%
Washington 0.00% 0.00% 80.98% 3.46% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 15.56%
APPENDIX B: SELECTED DOCUMENTS REVIEWED
1. Table 2A: MSW Collected by Generator Type in Florida By Descending Population Rank.
FDEP. 2010.
http://appprod.dep.state.fl.us/www_rcra/reports/WR/Recycling/2010AnnualReport/Appendix
A/2A.pdf
2. Table 5A: Final Disposition of Municipal Solid Waste in Florida By Descending Population.
FDEP. 2010.
http://appprod.dep.state.fl.us/www_rcra/reports/WR/Recycling/2010AnnualReport/Appendix
A/5A.pdf
3. Table 12B: Multi-Family Participation in Recycling By Descending Population. FDEP. 2010.
4. http://appprod.dep.state.fl.us/www_rcra/reports/WR/Recycling/2010AnnualReport/Appendix
B/12B.pdf
5. Table 11B: Single-Family Participation in Recycling By Descending Population. FDEP.
2010.
http://appprod.dep.state.fl.us/www_rcra/reports/WR/Recycling/2010AnnualReport/Appendix
B/11B.pdf
6. Table 13B: Commercial Participation in Recycling By Descending Population. FDEP. 2010.
7. Alachua County Website. Recycling
http://alachuacounty.us/Depts/PW/Waste/recycling/Pages/Recycling.aspx.
8. City of Archer Website. FAQ. http://www.archerfl.com/FAQs.htm
9. City of Alachua Website. http://www.cityofalachua.com/index.php/solid-waste
10. City of Hawthorne Website. Recycling and Yard Waste.
http://www.cityofhawthorne.net/Pages/HawthorneFL_DPW/Recycling
11. City of Micanopy Website. Town Services.
http://www.micanopytown.com/html/services.html
12. City of Newberry Website. Waste & Recycling Information.
http://www.ci.newberry.fl.us/waste-and-recycling-information/
13. Waste Pro of Florida, Inc. Florida-Alachua/Gainsville.
http://www.wasteprousa.com/serviceareas-fl-gainesville.shtml
14. City of Jacksonville. FAQ. http://www.coj.net/departments/public-works/solid-
waste/faqs.aspx#day
15. Waste Pro of Florida, Inc. Florida-Jacksonville. http://www.wasteprousa.com/serviceareas-fl-
jacksonville.shtml
16. Florida Recycling Availability by County and Municipality 2011. FDEP.
http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/quick_topics/publications/shw/recycling/2009AnnualReport
/10B.pdf
17. Bay County Online. Recycling Dropoff Sites. http://www.co.bay.fl.us/waste/dropoff.php
18. Brevard County Website. Recycling Information.
http://ww3.brevardcounty.us/swr/recycling.cfm
19. 18.Brevard County. Think Green.
http://ww3.brevardcounty.us/swr/pdf/final%20Waste%20Management%20Trifold%20PIP%
201.pdf
20. Waste Management. Cocoa Hauling. http://www.wm.com/facility.jsp?zip=32922
21. Broward County Website. All-In-One Recycling.
http://www.broward.org/WasteAndRecycling/Recycling/Pages/Default.aspx
22. Charlotte County Website. Solid Waste-Curbside Recycling Program.
http://www.charlottecountyfl.com/PublicWorks/SolidWaste/Recycling/
23. Citrus County Website. Recycling.
http://www.bocc.citrus.fl.us/pubworks/swm/recycling/materials_accepted.pdf
24. Collier County Website. Collier County Recycles.
http://www.colliergov.net/Index.aspx?page=3289
25. Sustainable Jacksonville.
http://www.meetup.com/sustainablejacksonville/pages/Duval_County_Recycling_Info/?nam
e=Duval_County_Recycling_Info
26. Flagler County Website. Recycling Information.
http://www.flaglercounty.org/index.aspx?NID=297
27. Hendry County Website. http://www.hendryfla.net/special/recycle.htm
28. Hernando County Board of County Commissioners. A Guide for Recycling Materials &
Drop off Sites.
http://www.hernandocounty.us/utils/PDF/recycle/Brochure%20RECYCLING.pdf
29. Hillsborough County Website. Curbside Recycling and Collection.
http://www.hillsboroughcounty.org/index.aspx?NID=1253
30. Indian River Board of Commissioners. http://www.ircwaste.com/Residential_Recycling.htm
31. Lake County Website. Hauler Information.
http://www.lakecountyfl.gov/departments/public_works/solid_waste/solid_waste_operations/
hauler_information.aspx
32. Lake County Website. Recycling.
http://www.lakecountyfl.gov/departments/public_works/solid_waste/solid_waste_programs/r
ecycling.aspx
33. Lee County Website. Your Garbage Company by Zipcode.
http://www3.leegov.com/gov/dept/SolidWaste/FindHauler/Pages/YourGarbageCompanyByZ
ipCode.aspx
34. Lee County Website. What to Recycle.
http://www.leegov.com/gov/dept/SolidWaste/Residents/Pages/RecycleableMaterials.aspx
35. Leon County Website.
http://cms.leoncountyfl.gov/Home/Departments/OfficeofResourceStewardship/SolidWaste/R
ecyclingandEducationalServices
36. Levy County Website. Recycling http://www.levycounty.org/cd_recycling.aspx
37. Manatee County Website. Manatee County Recycling Program.
http://www.mymanatee.org/home/government/departments/utilities/recycling.html
38. Marion County Website. Solid Waste Department Recycling Division.
http://www.marioncountyfl.org/solidwaste/divisions_recycling.aspx
1. 38.
http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Handlers/LibraryViewerDocumentRetriever.ashx?statrevid=
FS20110403.703&libroot=StatRevSiteLeaf&ViewFrom=StandAlone
39. http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/quick_topics/publications/shw/solid_waste/Rulemaking_62-
716/62-722_Draft_revision_21Jun12.pdf
40. Martin County Website.
http://www.martin.fl.us/portal/page?_pageid=351,1216760&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTA
L
41. http://geoweb.martin.fl.us/Solid_Waste/
42. Miami-Dade County Website. Recycling.
http://www.miamidade.gov/publicworks/recycling.asp
43. Miami-Dade County Website.
http://miami.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=miami&cdn=citiestowns&tm=4&gps
=340_14_1311_563&f=00&su=p284.13.342.ip_p554.23.342.ip_&tt=2&bt=0&bts=0&zu=htt
p%3A//www.co.miami-dade.fl.us/dswm/home.asp
44. Monroe County Recycling Brochure. http://www.monroecounty-
fl.gov/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1540
45. Monroe County Website. Solid Waste Management. http://www.monroecounty-
fl.gov/index.aspx?NID=69
46. Okaloosa County Online. Environmental Services Division Recycling.
http://www.co.okaloosa.fl.us/dept_pw_resources_recycle.html
47. Orange County Website. Water, Garbage & Recycling.
http://www.orangecountyfl.net/?tabid=371
48. Palm Beach County Website. Solid Waste and Recycling Collection Services.
http://www.swa.org/site/collection_service/collection_service.htm
49. Pasco County Website. Recycling. http://www.pascocountyfl.net/index.aspx?NID=181
50. Pinellas County Website. Recycling. http://www.pinellascounty.org/utilities/recycle.htm
51. Polk County Website. Recycling Services. http://www.polk-
county.net/subpage.aspx?menu_id=46&id=310
52. Putman County Website. Recycling. http://www.putnam-
fl.com/bocc/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=67&layout=blog&Itemid=
84
53. St. Johns County Website. Recycling. http://www.co.st-johns.fl.us/SolidWaste/Recycle.aspx
54. St. Lucie County Website. Residential Curbside Recycling.
http://www.stlucieco.gov/solid_waste/curb_recycle.htm
55. Santa Rosa County Website. Recycling Information Center.
http://www.santarosa.fl.gov/recycle/
56. Sarasota County Website. Recycling Guidelines.
https://www.scgov.net/ResidentialSolidWaste/Pages/ResidentialRecycling.aspx
57. Table 3B-1- Total Tons of MSW Materials Collected and Recycled in Florida Minimum 4
out of 8 Materials By Descending Population Rank. FDEP 2010.
58. Table 3B-2- Total Tons of MSW Materials Collected and Recycled in Florida Minimum 4
out of 8 Materials By Descending Population Rank. FDEP 2010.
59. Table 4B- Total Tons of Special Waste Materials Collected and Recycled in Florida By
Descending Population Rank. FDEP 2010.
60. Table 5B-1- Total Tons of MSW Materials Collected and Recycled in Florida By
Descending Population Rank. FDEP 2010.
61. Table 5B-2- Total Tons of MSW Materials Collected and Recycled in Florida By
Descending Population Rank. FDEP 2010.
62. Table 8B-1: Minimum Four out of Eight Materials Recycled in Florida By Descending
Population Rank. FDEP 2010.
63. Table 8B-2: Minimum Four out of Eight Materials Recycled in Florida By Descending
Population Rank. FDEP 2010.
64. Table 8B-3: Minimum Four out of Eight Materials Recycled in Florida By Descending
Population Rank. FDEP 2010.
65. Volusia County Website. Solid Waste and Recycling. http://volusia.org/recycle/
66. Google Maps.
http://maps.google.ca/maps?hl=en&cp=48&gs_id=0&xhr=t&q=waste+management,+Monro
e,+Florida,+United+States&qscrl=1&rlz=1T4TSCD_enCA497CA497&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_p
w.r_qf.&biw=1075&bih=625&ion=1&wrapid=tljp134737204369100&um=1&ie=UTF-
8&sa=N&tab=wl
67. Google Maps.
http://maps.google.ca/maps?hl=en&cp=48&gs_id=0&xhr=t&q=waste+management,+Monro
e,+Florida,+United+States&qscrl=1&rlz=1T4TSCD_enCA497CA497&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_p
w.r_qf.&biw=1075&bih=625&ion=1&wrapid=tljp134737204369100&um=1&ie=UTF-
8&sa=N&tab=wl
68. Google Maps.
http://maps.google.ca/maps?hl=en&cp=48&gs_id=0&xhr=t&q=waste+management,+Monro
e,+Florida,+United+States&qscrl=1&rlz=1T4TSCD_enCA497CA497&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_p
w.r_qf.&biw=1075&bih=625&ion=1&wrapid=tljp134737204369100&um=1&ie=UTF-
8&sa=N&tab=wl
69. Key's Sanitation Services. DexKnows.
http://www.dexknows.com/business_profiles/key_s_sanitary_svc-l910973819
70. 70.Republic Services of Volusia County. Contact Us.
http://www.republicservicesvolusiacounty.com/Pages/ContactUs.aspx
71. Lee County Website. Solid Waste Collection Area 6: Boca Grande.
http://www.leegov.com/gov/dept/solidwaste/FindHauler/Pages/Area6.aspx
72. Lee County Website. Solid Waste Collection Area 5.
http://www.leegov.com/gov/dept/solidwaste/FindHauler/Pages/Area5.aspx
73. Lee County Website. Solid Waste Collection Area 4.
http://www.leegov.com/gov/dept/solidwaste/FindHauler/Pages/Area4.aspx
74. Lee County Website. Solid Waste Collection Area 3.
http://www.leegov.com/gov/dept/solidwaste/FindHauler/Pages/Area3.aspx
75. Lee County Website. Solid Waste Collection Area 2.
http://www.leegov.com/gov/dept/solidwaste/FindHauler/Pages/Area2.aspx
76. Lee County Website. Solid Waste Collection Area 1.
http://www.leegov.com/gov/dept/solidwaste/FindHauler/Pages/Area1.aspx
77. Google Maps.
https://plus.google.com/118410972186027708792/about?gl=ca&hl=en#11841097218602770
8792/about?gl=ca&hl=en
78. Google Maps.
https://plus.google.com/111558694095102643232/about?gl=ca&hl=en#11155869409510264
3232/about?gl=ca&hl=en
79. Google Maps.
https://plus.google.com/108551437874514401889/about?gl=ca&hl=en#10855143787451440
1889/about?gl=ca&hl=en
80. Google Maps.
https://plus.google.com/115921169417621570073/about?gl=ca&hl=en#11592116941762157
0073/about?gl=ca&hl=en
81. Google Maps.
https://plus.google.com/109866417372268253166/about?gl=ca&hl=en#10986641737226825
3166/about?gl=ca&hl=en
82. Google Maps.
https://plus.google.com/117182506133245996686/about?gl=ca&hl=en#11718250613324599
6686/about?gl=ca&hl=en
83. Collier County Website. Collier Recycling. http://www.colliergov.net/Index.aspx?page=3289
84. Google Maps.
https://plus.google.com/102874462447608077993/about?gl=ca&hl=en#10287446244760807
7993/about?gl=ca&hl=en
85. Hernando Solid Waste and Recycling Division.
http://www.hernandocounty.us/utils/SolidWaste_Recycling/
86. Table 1A: County Municipal Solid Waste Collection Per Capita By Descending Population
Rank. 2010. FDEP.
http://appprod.dep.state.fl.us/www_rcra/reports/WR/Recycling/2010AnnualReport/Appendix
A/1A.pdf
87. http://ww3.brevardcounty.us/swr/pdf/swagreement%20clean.pdf
88. http://www.cocoafl.org/index.aspx?NID=484
89. http://www.cityofcapecanaveral.org/vertical/sites/%7BCEAB0943-1F37-4E48-833E-
AFC3D9CA4058%7D/uploads/City_of_Cape_Canaveral_Single_Stream_Recycling_Progra
m_Updated_7-23-12.pdf
90. http://www.wasteprousa.com/serviceareas-fl-cocoa.shtml
91. http://www.cityofcocoabeach.com/FlashHomePages/residents_home.html
92. http://www.wasteprousa.com/locations/CF/grantvalkaria/
93. http://www.wasteprousa.com/locations/CF/grantvalkaria/regular-pickup-schedule/
94. http://www.indialantic.com/?page_id=198
95. http://www.indianharbourbeach.org/files/47244836.pdf
96. http://www.melbourneflorida.org/solid/
97. http://www.melbournebeachfl.org/Pages/MelbourneBeachFL_PublicWorks/recycling
98. http://www.melbournevillage.org/solid-waste-pickup.html
99. http://www.palmbayflorida.org/finance/ucs/sanitation/index.html
100. http://www.cityofrockledge.org/Pages/RockledgeFL_PublicWorks/recycling
101. http://www.satellitebeachfl.org/Documents/HOME%20-%20WM%20Svs%20Info(1).dot
102. http://www.titusville.com/SectionIndex.asp?SectionID=53
103. http://www.titusville.com/Page.asp?NavID=942
104. http://www.westmelbourne.org/index.aspx?NID=468
105. http://www.irshores.com/Recycling-Calendar-for-2008.html
106. http://www.townoforchid.com/Trash_and_Recycling.html
107. http://www.covb.org/index.asp?Type=B_LIST&SEC={0A007DC4-4151-4F67-9008-
5073DD43CB2C}
108. http://www.stlucieco.gov/solid_waste/curb_recycle.htm
109. http://www.stlucieco.gov/solid_waste/waste_hauler.htm
110. http://www.cityoffortpierce.com/Public%20Works/solidwaste.html
111. http://ap3server.martin.fl.us:7778/portal/page?_pageid=351,530089&_dad=portal&_sche
ma=PORTAL
112. http://www.cityofstuart.com/index.php/garbage/residential
113. http://co.okeechobee.fl.us/solidwaste
114. http://fl-monroecounty.civicplus.com/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1540
115. http://www.monroecounty-fl.gov/index.aspx?NID=69
116. http://www.veoliaes.com/content/veolia/en/locations/islamorada.html
117. http://www.keycolonybeach.net/garbage.html
118. http://www.keywestcity.com/egov/apps/services/index.egov?path=details&action=i&id=
73
119. http://www.mysebring.com/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={44F0B714-8122-4680-
8751-FE5EA5B113B1}
120. http://www.hcbcc.net/departments/solid_waste/garbage_collection_schedule.php
121. http://www.charlottecountyfl.com/PublicWorks/SolidWaste/
122. http://www.colliergov.net/index.aspx?page=3289
123. http://www.colliergov.net/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=45441
124. http://www.balharbourgov.com/government/departs.html
125. http://www.bayharborislands.org/content.aspx?id=30
126. http://www.biscayneparkfl.gov/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={767F18F2-0285-
49F9-8F3D-7B60942A6FF1}
127. http://www.citybeautiful.net/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=7078
128. http://www.cutlerbay-fl.gov/garbage.php
129. http://www.cityofdoral.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=152&Ite
mid=346
130. http://www.goldenbeach.us/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemi
d=116
131. http://www.hialeahfl.gov/dep/waste/recycling/curbside_recycling_collection.aspx
132. http://www.cityofhomestead.com/index.aspx?nid=220
133. http://www.keybiscayne.fl.gov/index.php?submenu=PublicWorks&src=gendocs&ref=So
lidWaste_Recycle_CHOICE2012&category=Public%20Works#garbage
134. http://www.miamigov.com/SolidWaste/pages/garbage/Garbage.asp
135. http://www.miamibeachfl.gov/publicworks/sanitation/scroll.aspx?id=27294
136. http://www.nbvillage.com/Pages/NorthBayFL_DPW/TrashCollection
137. http://www.northmiamifl.gov/departments/publicworks/sanitation.aspx
138. http://www.palmettobay-fl.gov/content/garbage-and-trash-collection
139. http://www.southmiamifl.gov/index.php?submenu=PubWorkEng&src=gendocs&ref=Sol
idWasteDivision&category=PubWorkEng
140. http://www.townofsurfsidefl.gov/Pages/SurfsideFL_PublicWorks/solidwaste.pdf
141. http://www.swa.org/site/collection_service/collection_service.htm
142. http://www.jupiter.fl.us/Engineering/Garbage-Recycling.cfm
143. http://www.boynton-beach.org/government/departments/solid_waste/index.html
144. http://mydelraybeach.com/community-improvement/residential-garbage-services
145. http://www.ci.greenacres.fl.us/dept_public_works/solid_waste_collection.htm
146. http://www.townoflakeclarkeshores.com/service/garbage-service
147. http://www.lakeworth.org/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={1C83E6F9-9583-4022-
BF07-6B1C156E1775}
148. http://www.lantana.org/page.asp?PageId=614
149. http://www.loxahatcheegroves.org/index.php?go=pages.page&pageId=56
150. http://www.manalapan.org/index.aspx?nid=685
151. http://www.village-npb.org/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={DCB0081E-4DB3-
4D85-81B4-5D0A0D9581BC}
152. http://www.oceanridgeflorida.com/Other/New-Resident-Information-0312.pdf
153. http://www.cityofpahokee.com/Public%20Works/Public%20Works.htm
154. http://www.townofpalmbeach.com/WebFiles/Public%20Works/Garbage%20&%20Recyc
ling%20Schedule.PDF
155. http://www.pbgfl.com/content/74/2118/default.aspx
156. http://www.palmbeachshoresfl.us/TrashAndRecyclingSchedule
157. http://www.villageofpalmsprings.org/sanitation-recycling.htm
158. http://www.tequesta.org/index.aspx?nid=81
159. http://www.ci.wellington.fl.us/departments/solid-waste.html
160. http://www.fortmyersbeachfl.gov/index.aspx?nid=233
161. http://www.mysanibel.com/Departments/Public-Works-Including-Utility-and-Parks-
Maintenance/Solid-Waste-Information/How-to-Process-Garbage
162. http://www.broward.org/WASTEANDRECYCLING/UNINCORPORATEDAREAS/Pag
es/ServiceAreaMapsandProviders.aspx
163. http://www.coopercityfl.org/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={65742175-503D-43DE-
9C0C-492EF106A1DE}&DE={D4D97244-57CB-400E-8B27-C1D16C932BCE}
164. http://www.coralsprings.org/recycling/index.cfm?CFID=9423108&CFTOKEN=2377255
5
165. http://www.davie-fl.gov/Pages/DavieFL_Programms/garbage/index
166. http://www.deerfield-beach.com/index.aspx?NID=227
167. http://www.fortlauderdale.gov/public_services/trash/Residential_Solid_Waste_Services_
Guide.pdf
168. http://www.hallandalebeach.org/index.aspx?NID=204
169. http://www.townofhillsborobeach.com/images/File/2012/Miscellaneous/Choice%20Flyer
170. http://www.hollywoodfl.org/index.aspx?NID=421
171. http://www.lauderdalebythesea-fl.gov/town/recycle.html
172. http://lauderhill-fl.gov/garbage.asp
173. http://www.broward.org/WasteAndRecycling/Recycling/Documents/recycling.pdf
174. http://www.ci.miramar.fl.us/publicworks/solidwaste/index.html
175. http://www.nlauderdale.org/garbage_and_recycling/index.php
176. http://www.cityofparkland.org/index.aspx?NID=342
177. http://www.ppines.com/information/trash.html
178. http://www.plantation.org/Public-Works/recycling/index.html
179. http://www.southwestranches.org/Public_Works/public_works_waste.html
180. http://www.westonfl.org/Departments/PublicWorks/GarbageRecycle.aspx
181. http://www.clewiston-fl.gov/department/division.php?fDD=11-25
182. http://www.crystalriverfl.org/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={D28F7F66-8C1A-
4CE7-90AE-477271537248}&DE={188B9191-2C78-498D-A8F3-57643D3D0911}
183. http://www.inverness-fl.gov/index.aspx?nid=33
184. http://womacksanitation.com/County%20Map%20no%20Name.pdf