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* Record the definitions for these key terms in your science
notebooks
*Producer: An autotroph, makes up the first trophic level of an ecosystem. Supports all other levels. Usually a phosynthetic organism.
*Hetertroph: An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by products.
*Herbivore: A heterotrophic animal that eats plants
*Carnivore: A heterotrophic animal that eats other animals
*Omnivore: A heterotrophic animal that consumes both plant and animal material
*Detritivore: A consumer that derives its energy from non-living organic matter
*Decomposer: Fungi and bacteria that absord nutrients from non-living organic material
*Trophic Levels: Any of the several levels of a food chain, whose species are based on their main nutritional source
*Energy Pyramid: At each link in the food chain, energy that was originally stored by the autotrophic plants is dissipated along the food chain
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*Ecosystems and Energy Flow
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*Does the food we eat also need
energy?
*Why do we eat food?
* Where does the food we eat get its energy?
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*Determine the flow in which energy of the meal travels (from the sun to the student).
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*Where does all energy in an
ecosystem come from?
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*What is the food chain showing?
*The flow of energy from one organism to another
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*What is the representation of
energy flow called?
*A food web
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*What is the difference between a food chain and a
food web?
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*A food web is many interconnecting food chains, representing the fact that most organisms eat more than one thing
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*Why does the arrow point away
from the organism that is being
eaten?
*Because the arrow shows the transfer of energy. The animal that is being eaten transfers some energy to the animal that eats it
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*Trophic Levels
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*Energy Pyramid
*Idea that energy flux through the food chain decreases at progressively higher trophic levels
*Less energy reaches each successively higher trophic level
*Energy is lost at each level because of the work performed by organisms at that level and because of the inefficiency of biological energy transformations
*Plants gather only a portion of light energy available from the sun, that energy is not available to herbivores as plant biomass
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*Which types of organisms receive
their energy directly from the
sun
*Producers
*Primary Production provides energy to the ecosystem
*Primary production varies among ecosystems
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*An autotroph is an organism that manufactures its own food from inorganic substances, like carbon dioxide and ammonia
* Most autotrophs use light for energy through photosynthesis
*Plants and other autotrophic organisms occupy the bottom trophic level
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*Heterotrophs
*Organisms that obtain energy from the consumption of organic compounds by other organisms are heterotrophs
*Heterotrophs can be herbivors, carnivors, detritivores, omnivores
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*Primary Consumers
*Consumers of primary producers, herbivores, are called primary consumers
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*Secondary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers
*All organisms are either consumed or end up as detritus
*Secondary consumers are carnivores, consume primary consumers
*Omnivores feed on more than one trophic level
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*Detritivores
*Detritivores are organisms specialized to attack wood, leaf litter, and fibrous unabsorbed plant material
*Detritus are the dead remains of plants and indifestible excreta of herbivores
*Detritivores are important in the recycling of nutrients w/in ecosystems
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*Decomposers
*Decomposers remove the last energy from the remains of organisms
*Decomposers, fungi and bacteria, decompose the dead members of lower trophic levels, thus returning essential elements, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, to the ecosystem
*Primary recyclers of the ecosystem
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*What is the importance of
microorganisms w/in ecosystems?
*Microorganisms help recycle nutrients from dead/decaying matter into living organisms
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*Does energy accumulate in an ecosystem?
*Does a top predator have all the energy?
*Is a species high on the food web a predator to everything below?
*Do producers receive their energy through the absorption of nutrients?