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What type of wave is a sound wave?
What is included in one wave cycle?
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You will be able to identify the parts and properties of a wave.
Compare and contrast longitudinal and transverse waves.
Calculate the values associated with waves.
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Disturbance (vibration) that travels through a medium (substance)
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When a wave isn’t traveling, it is considered to be in equilibrium position◦ Imagine a stretched out slinky just sitting on a
desk- that’s equilibrium
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Once a particle moves at the front, the energy of that particle will travel throughout the slinky to the other end. That creates a wave!
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Waves transfer energy, not particles ◦ This explains why
boats sitting in the middle of the ocean can just sit in one spot, and don’t travel with waves
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TransverseoParticles move perpendicular to the
direction of energy transfer Particles move up and down, but energy is transferred left to right.
These are the waves we draw/imagine when we hear the word.
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Longitudinal◦ Particles move parallel to the direction of energy
transfer Particles move left and right, energy
transferred left and right.
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Electromagnetic Waves◦ Can transfer energy in a vacuum
(SPACE!)◦ Ex: Light waves
Mechanical Waves◦ Cannot transfer energy in a
vacuum ◦ Ex: sound
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Transverse◦ Crest (High point)◦ Trough (Low point)
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Longitudinal◦ Compression (High pressure)◦ Rarefaction (Low pressure)
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Wavelength: length of one cycle◦ Transverse: 1 trough and 1 crest◦ Longitudinal: 1 compression and 1
rarefaction◦ Ex.
Distance from one crest to the next Distance from one trough to the next Distance from one compression to the
next
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Units: same as those for DISTANCE ◦ Meters◦ Usually with a prefix NANO
1 m = 109 nm
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Amplitude◦ Displacement (movement) of
particles from equilibrium (rest) position
◦ Most of the time considered to be from rest to crest or rest to trough
◦ Harder to measure in longitudinal waves
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Amplitude, cont◦Units: Same as DISTANCE (some form of
meters, usually with prefix- see wavelength section)
◦ Increased amplitude means louder/more intense sound.
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Frequency◦ Amount of wave cycles that pass in a
certain amount of time
◦ NOT the same as speed of a wave!
f = f = cyclescyclestimetime
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Frequency, cont◦Units: Hertz, Hz (cycles per second)◦ Increased frequency means higher “pitch”
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Period◦ The amount of time it takes for one complete
cycle (wavelength)◦ Units: same as for time (seconds, hours, minutes,
years, etc)
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Relationship between the two◦ As you increase the frequency, the period will
decrease◦ Inversely related
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◦ Equation:
◦ Period = 1/frequancy
◦ Units: Frequency is hertz (Hz) Period/time in seconds
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1. Frieda the fly flaps its wings back and forth 121 times each second. The period of the wing flapping is ____.
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2. The period of the sound wave produced by a 440 Hertz tuning fork is _________.
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3. A tennis coach paces back and forth along the sideline 10 times in 2 minutes. The frequency of her pacing is ______.
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4. Olive Udadi accompanies her father to the park for an afternoon of fun. While there, she hops on the swing and begins a motion characterized by a complete back-and-forth cycle every 2 sec. The frequency of swing is _____. The period of swing is ______.
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Speed is not dependent on wavelength or frequency◦ Speed IS dependent on the medium of travel◦ Sound waves travel fastest through solids and
slowest through gases Think of the closeness of particles/ease of energy
transfer!
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As the wavelength increases:◦ Waves spread out, so frequency decreases◦ Wavelength and frequency are INVERSELY related
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WAVE Equation:
Speed = wavelength x frequency
Units:◦ frequency in hertz (Hz) ◦ wavelength can be any type of distance units◦ velocity is in distance units over seconds
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1. Mac and Tosh stand 8 meters apart and demonstrate the motion of a transverse wave on a snakey. The wave can be described as having a vertical distance of 32 cm from a trough to a crest, a frequency of 2.4 Hz, and a horizontal distance of 48 cm from a crest to the nearest trough. Determine the amplitude, period, and wavelength and speed of such a wave.
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2. Ocean waves are observed to travel along the water surface during a developing storm. A Coast Guard weather station observes that there is a vertical distance from high point to low point of 4.6 meters and a horizontal distance of 8.6 meters between adjacent crests. The waves splash into the station once every 6.2 seconds. Determine the frequency and the speed of these waves.
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Part 1-3 Test on Friday Quizlet Review will be up by Thursday
Morning at latest