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Scheme of Studies BS-Sociology
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
SEMESTER-I
SOC -111 General Sociology-I 3
ENG-201 English-I 3
CS-111 Introduction to Computer 3
ISL -114 Islamic Studies 2
General Courses (any two from the list of general Courses )
General-I 3
General-II 3
Total=17
SEMESTER-II
SOC-121 General Sociology –II 3
ENG-204 English-II 3
SOC-122 Development of Social Thought 3
BPST-102 Pakistan Studies 2
General Courses (any two from the list of general Courses )
General-III 3
General-IV 3
Total= 17
SEMESTER-III
SOC-211 Sociological Theory-I 3
ENG-208 English-III 3
Math-200 Mathematics 3
General Courses (any two from the list of general Courses )
General-V 3
General-VI 3
Total=15
SEMESTER-IV
ENG-211 English-IV 3
Sociological Theory-II 3
SOC-222 Research Methods-I 3
SOC-223 Pakistani Society & Culture 3
General Courses (any two from the list of general Courses )
General-VII 3
General-VIII 3
Total=18
SEMESTER-V
SOC-311 Gender Studies 3
SOC-312 Social Statistics- I 3
SOC-313 Research Methods-II 3
SOC-314 Introduction to Demography 3
SOC-315 Criminology 3
SOC-316 Cultural Anthropology 3
Total=18
SEMESTER-VI
SOC-321 Sociology of Development 3
SOC-322 NGO Management 3
SOC-323 Sociology of Change 3
SOC-324 Community Development 3
SOC-325 Social Statistics II 3
SOC-326 Sociology of Health and Medicine 3
Total=18
SEMESTER-VII
SOC-411 Sociology of Peace and Conflict Studies 3
SOC-412 Urban Sociology 3
SOC-413 Introduction to SPSS 3
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Choose any 2 from the List of Optional Courses
Optional I 3
Optional II 3
Total= 15
SEMESTER-VIII
SOC-421 Qualitative Research Methods 3
SOC-422 Thesis 6
SOC-423 Internship 3
Choose any 2 from the List of Optional Courses
Optional III 3
Optional IV 3
Total =18
Grand Total 136
LIST OF GENERAL COURSES TO BE CHOSEN FROM OTHER DEPARTMENTS *
COMS-423 Mass Communication 3
GEOG-424 Fundamentals of Geography 3
PHIL-425 Logic and Critical Thinking 3
PSY-426 Introduction to Psychology 3
ECON-427 Principles of Economics 3
BLL-428 Introduction to Law 3
SW-429 Social Work 3
POL-430 Political Science 3
GEOG-431 Introduction to Geographical Information System 3
ENV-432 Introduction to Environmental Science 3
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BS SOCIOLOGY
SEMESTER-I
SOC-111 General Sociology-I
The course is designed to introduce the students with basic sociological concepts and to get familiarity with the
overall discipline. The focus of the course shall be on basic concepts like scope and significance of Sociology,
How Sociology is related as well as distinct from other social sciences. It focuses on the constituent parts of the
society i.e. social systems and structures, socio-economic changes and social processes. This will also give an
understanding of the Culture, elements of culture and the relationship of culture and personalities. The course
will provide due foundation for further studies in the field of sociology.
Contents
1. Introduction: Sociology – The Science of Society, Scope and significance, Fields of Sociology,
Sociology and other Social Sciences
2. Social interaction and social structure: Social Interaction, The Nature and Basis of Social Interaction,
Social Processes, Social structure, Status, Roles, Power and Authority, Role Allocation
3. Culture: Meaning and nature of culture, Elements of culture, Norms, values, beliefs, sanctions, and
customs, Culture and Socialization, and Transmission of Culture, Cultural Lag, Cultural Variation,
Cultural Integration, Cultural Evolution, Cultural Pluralism Culture and personality
4. Socialization & personality: Socialization, Agents of socialization,
Personality: components of personality
5. Deviance and social control: Deviance and conformity, Mechanism and techniques of social control,
Agencies of social control.
6. Social organization: Social organization-Definition, meaning and forms, Social groups – Types and
functions of groups, Social Institutions: forms, nature and inter-relationship, Community: definition
and forms (Urban and rural).
7. Social Institutions: Institution; structure and functions of family, Religion, Education, Economy and
political institution
Recommended Books
1. M. Haralambes and Holborn (1991). Sociology themes and Perspectives. London: Collin Educational,
an Imprint of Harper Collins Publishers.
2. Richard, T. Schaefer. 2003. Sociology 5th edition. McGraw Hill College
Suggested Books
1. Giddens, Anthony. 2004. Sociology 4th edition, Cambridge Polity Press
2. Horton, Paul B. and Hunt, Chester L. (1990) Sociology Singapore: McGraw Hill Book Company.
3. Thio, Aex (latest ed.). Sociology- An Introduction. New York: Harper and Row
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ENG -201 English-I
The course is aimed at providing enhanced language skills and develop critical thinking among the students.
The course will provide learning of basic grammar skills, reading comprehension as well as presentation skills
through using audio visual aids. It will make a foundation for the students to cope with the language
requirements of an English medium degree.
Contents
1. An introduction to language, Communication, Grammar and Sentence. Definition, Parts, Subject,
Predicate, Phrase, Clause, Types--- simple, compound, complex, multiple, declarative, narrative, optative
etc.
2. Parts of speech: Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections,
Error Analysis
3. Clause Analysis & Synthesis.
4. Use of Dictionary, Use of Library
5. Poems
i. New Year Resolutions Elizabeth Sewel
ii. Tartary Walter De La Mare
iii. The Huntsman Dward Lowbury
iv. The Character of Happy Life Sir Henry Wotton
v. One Art Elizabeth Bishop
vi. Death The Leveler Ames Shirley
6. Short Stories
i. The Duchess and The Jeweler Virginia Wolf
ii. The Voice S.V.Pitcher
7. Essays
i. Spoon Feeding W.R.Inge
ii. Nagasaki, August 19, 1945 Michaito lchimaro
iii. My Tailor Stephen Leacock
iv. The Damned Human Race Mark Twain.
Suggested Books
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CS-111 Introduction to Computers
The course is designed to enable students understand the practical use of computer in their academic work. The
course consists of two parts: one is theoretical and the other is practical. The course will familiarize the
students with the usage and application of software and hardware. Especially the familiarity with MS Office,
Microsoft Outlook as well as SPSS and other data analysis tools like NVivo will be provided
Contents
1. What is Computer? Computer for individual Users: Desktop Computers, Workstations Computers,
Notebook Computers, Table PCs, Handheld PCs, Smart Phones
2. Computer for Organizations: Network Computers, Mainframe Computers, Minicomputers,
Supercomputers
3. Computer’s Applications, Home , Education, Small Business, Industry, Government and, Healthcare
4. Part of Computer System: Hardware, Software, Data, Users
5. Information Processing Cycle, Memory Devices,
6. Types of Software : System Software, Application Software
7. Purpose of Operating Systems : Types of Operating Systems: Real-Time Operating system Single-
User/Single-Tasking Operating system, Single-User/Multitasking Operating system, Multi-
User/Multitasking Operating system
8. Input and Output Devices: Keyboard. Mouse. Pens. Touch Screen. Game Collectors. Optical Input
Devices, Microphones. Digital Camera, Monitors (CRT Monitors, Hat –Panel Monitors). Data Projectors,
Sound Cards. Headphones and Headsets. Printers (Impact and Non-Impact). Plotters
9. Storage Devices : Magnetic Storage Devices , Optical Storage Devices , Solid-State Storage Devices
10. The Windows Environment , The Windows Desktop , Orientation to Keyboard and Mouse , The Taskbar
and start Menu , Working with an Open Window, Using Help and Support
11. Working with the Windows Hierarchy, My Computer
12. Using Windows Explorer :Creating Folders , Copying and Moving Objects Using the Recycle Bin
13. Working with Windows Programs: Running Several Programs , Moving Between Programs Saving Files
14. Customizing the Windows Desktop: Working with Shortcuts Working with Control Panel Settings
15. Overview of Internet : WWW, Protocol Applications of Internet
16. Introduction to Internet Explorer : Connecting to the Internet , Using Internet Explorer Using a Search
Engine , Visiting Different Websites
17. Getting Started With Outlook :Composing and Sending Messages, Opening a Message Replying to a
Message, Printing a Message , Deleting a Message, Composing Messages, Addressing a Message,
Formatting a Message, Checking Spelling and Grammar, Attaching a File, Forwarding a Message
18. Managing Mail , Opening and Saving an Attachment , Flagging a Message ,Moving and Copying
Messages to a Folder , Deleting a Folder
19. Setting Message Options, Modifying Message Options, Modifying Delivery Options, Modifying Message
Formats
20. MS Word: Features of MS Word, Interface of MS Word, Creating New Document, Saving. Deleting.
Renaming. Closing Document and Opening Existing Document, Using Different View Option in MS
Word, Typing and Inserting Text, Selecting Text with Mouse and Keyboard, Deleting Text, Cut and paste
Text, Copy and Paste Text, Past Special, Undo and Redo, Inserting Symbol and Special Characters, Find ,
Go to and Replace Text, Inserting Footnote, Use of Ruler, Inserting Comments. Formatting Document:
Changing the Font, Font Size. Font Color, Font Style, Changing Character Case, Adjusting Character
Spacing, Applying Text Effects, Copying Formatting with Format Painter. Paragraph Formatting:
Indenting Paragraph, Paragraph Alignment, Adjusting Line Spacing, Adjusting Tab, Removing Paragraph
Formats, Bullets and Numbering, Using Columns, Drop Caps. Formatting Pages: Set Page Margins,
Change Page Orientation and Paper Size, Page Breaks, Inserting Header and Footer, Inserting Page
Number. Spelling and Grammar: Replace and Replace All, Ignore and Ignore All, Auto Correct,
Synonyms Working with Tables: Creating Table, Inserting Text and Moving within table, Selecting table,
Row and Column, Resizing Table, Adding and Deleting Rows and Columns, Using Table Properties,
Sorting Data in Table, Creating Document Summary, Print Document, Counting Words, Merging
Documents, Hyperlink Two Documents. MS Excel: Features of MS Excel, Interface of MS Excel, Creating
New Sheet, Saving. Deleting. Renaming. Closing and Opening Existing Document, Moving and Copying
Sheets, Using Different View Option in MS Excel, Auto filing Cells, Find and Replace Data, Inserting and
Deleting Rows of Columns. Formatting: Changing Font and Font Size, Changing Font Style, Align and
Orient Cell Contents, Merging Cells, Rotating Text, Wrapping Text, Fit to Cell, Borders, Protecting Cells
and Objects, Clearing Formats, Resigning Column or Rows, Hiding and Un-hiding Rows and Columns,
Auto format, Conditional Formatting. MS Power Point: Features of MS power point, Interface of MS
power point, Creating, Deleting Slides, Formatting Slides, Applying Back Ground Color on Slides, Apply
Design Template and Slide Layout, Inserting Object /Image on Slide, Sorting Slides, Applying Animation
Effects on Slides, Using Slide Show
21. SPSS: SPSS Windows, Data View, Variable View, Output Window with navigation Frame. Data Entry:
Defining the Variable Properties, Entering the Data itself. Data Manipulation: Select, Split File, Weight
Cases, Traps form/Computer New Variable, Recode (into same or into Different), Frequencies,
Descriptive, Compare Means
22. Graphs Menu: Histograms, Line Graphs
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SEMESTER-II
SOC-121 General Sociology –II
The course is built on the foundation of Sociology-1 course. It is mostly concerned with the learnings of
concepts about Group dynamics, Human ecology and processes of change. Contemporary topics like mass
media, especially social media and different forms of electronic media will be taught in the course. This will
familiarize the student with the globalization as well as glocalization. The indigenous knowledge of Pakistani
society will enable the students becoming proactive citizens by implementing their sociological imagination.
Contents:
1. Social stratification: Nature, Approaches to the Study of Social Stratification, Caste and Class, Social
Mobility-Meaning, Forms and Factors
2. Collective behavior: Definition and characteristics/features, Types: Crowd, Mob and Public, Social
Movements
3. Mass communication: Media of Mass Communication, Propaganda, Globalization of mass media,
Formation of public opinion
4. Gender and sex: Sex and gender: social context, historical evolution, sex and gender differences
5. Social change: Processes of social change, Social change and conflict, Social change and social problems,
Resistance to social change
6. Human ecology: Ecological Processes, Ecological Problems of Pakistan
Recommended Books
3. M. Haralambes and Holborn (1991). Sociology themes and Perspectives. London: Collin Educational,
an Imprint of Harper Collins Publishers.
4. Richard, T. Schaefer. 2003. Sociology 5th edition. McGraw Hill College
Suggested Books
4. Giddens, Anthony. 2004. Sociology 4th edition, Cambridge Polity Press
5. Horton, Paul B. and Hunt, Chester L. (1990) Sociology Singapore: McGraw Hill Book Company.
6. Thio, Aex (latest ed.). Sociology- An Introduction. New York: Harper and Row
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ENG-204 English (Compulsory-II)
The aim of this course is to groom the students linguistically in such a manner that they can read and
understand different texts written in English (academic or non academic) by applying different strategies of
reading. A particular care has been taken to gratify the aesthetic needs of the learners. The basic aim of this
course is to develop critical reading and critical thinking among the students. This course also aims to train
students to meet the demands of other subjects written in the English language which need to be dealt with a
optimal level of efficiency. The course shall enable the learners to develop vocabulary in English by reading
dynamic text and understand different composition patterns in the English language.
Contents
1. Narration, Punctuation Analysis, Synthesis, Presentation Skills, Paragraph Writing
2. Poems
i. Sonnet Composed Upon Westminster Bridge William Wordsworth
ii. The Divine Image William Blake
iii. Youth and age S.T. Coleridge
iv. To Wordsworth B. Shelley
v. Patriot into Traitor Obert Browning
vi. Sunflower William Blake
3. Short Stories
i. Mayhew S. Maugham
ii. The New Constitution S.H. Manto
iii. Breakfast John Steinbeck
4. One Act Plays
i. The Bear Anton Chekhov
ii. Smoke Screen Harold Brighouse
Essays
i. Quid-e-Azam’s Address to Constituent Assembly.
ii. Seeing Lif Arnold Bennet
iii. The Last Lesson Alphonse Daude
Recommended Books
1. Swan, M. and Catherine (2001) How English Works.OUP.
2. Burton, S.H. (1984) Mastering English Language. McMillan.
3. Devitiis, Mariani & O’ Malley (1991) English Grammar for Communication. Longman
Suggested Books
Gill, G. (1985) Mastering English Literature. McMillan.
Guddon, J.A. (1991) Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Peng
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SOC-122 Development of Social Thought
The course will provide familiarity about history of social thought, stages of social development and change. It
will emphasize contributions of Western, Eastern and Muslim Thinkers towards social thought and social
development. This course will enable the students to develop and apply a comparative perspective to explain
the diversity of human social history and hoe different thinkers corresponded to various processes of social
change in the course of social history.
Contents
1. Introduction: Historical Development of Social Philosophy
2. Early Social Thought: Folk Thinking, Greek, Egyptian, Babylonian, Chinese, Indian Social Thought
3. Contribution of Muslim Thinkers in Social Thought: Abuzar Ghafari, Wealth Theory , Imam Ghazali,
Causes of group life, Social justice, Educational reforms
4. Ibn-E-Khuldun: Philosophy of history, Science of culture, Ethnocentrism, Rise & fall of nations, Causes of
social life
5. Shah Waliullah: Evolution of society, Causes of social life, Societal disease, Concept of perfect society
6. Allama Iqbal: Concept of self, Theory of religion
Recommended Books
1. Bogardus, Emory S. 1960. The Development of Social thought. 4th ed. New York: Longmans, Green &
Co.
2. Coser, Lowis A. 1977. Masters of Sociological Thought. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanarich
Publisher
3. Kinlock, Graham C. 1987. Sociological Theory:Its Development and Major Paradigms. New York:
McGraw Hill Inc.
Suggested Books
1. Ritzer, George. 2000. Sociological Theory. 5th ed. York: McGraw Hill Book Co.
2. Turner J.H. 2003. The Structure of Sociological Theory. 7th ed. Australia: Thomson Wadsworth
3. Zeitlin, Irving M. 1981. Ideology and the Development of Sociological Theory. New Jersey: Prentice-
Hall, Inc.
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BPST-102 Pakistan Studies
This is a compulsory course for the students of Sociology which is aimed at the development of vision of
historical perspective regarding emergence of Pakistan as a separate country. It also focuses on the students’
understanding about the operations of government, bureaucracy and other state-led institutions. The students
will study the process of governance, national development, issues arising in the modern age and posing
challenges to Pakistan. This course will enable students not only comprehend but also reflect upon
contemporary political issues as well as ideological background of Pakistan.
Contents
1. Two Nation Theory and ideology of Pakistan: Historical background of creation of Pakistan, Two
Nation Theory in its historical context, definition and interpretations, Quad-i-Azam and his political
ideas.
2. Political Dynamics of Pakistan: Constitutional development in Pakistan. (1947-78), Salient features of
constitution of Pakistan 1973.
3. Institutions of Pakistan: Political parties, bureaucracy, army, judiciary and media: Problems of
Pakistan as federal State.
4. Socio-Economic Issues of Pakistan: Economical Problem, Social and demographic issues.
5. Diplomatic Dynamics of Pakistan: Determinants and Objectives of Pakistan’s foreign policy,
Pakistan’s relations with its neighboring countries.
6. Pakistan & the Muslim World (A comprehensive review of foreign policy of Pakistan)
Recommended Books
1. Javed Ahmad Sheikh. Pakistan’s Political, Economic and Diplomatic Dynamics, Lahore: Kitabistan
Paper Products.
2. Other relevant readings for the individual subjects shall be recommended by the teacher during the
course.
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SEMESTER-III
SOC-211 SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY-I
This course is designed to generate Sociological Imagination among the students. Theory grasp how sociology
uniquely contributes to an understanding of the social world and human experience. This course will enable
students to apply a sociological perspective and sociological concepts and principles to substantive areas
addressed by the sociologists. The students will understand how patterns of thought and knowledge are
influenced by social, political and economic structures.
Contents:
1. Background: Social Forces, Intellectual Forces, French Revolution, Enlightenment
2. Development of Sociological Theory: Theory and Knowledge, Process of Theorizing, Types
of Sociological Theories, Inductive and Deductive, Process of theorizing, Fact, Propositions,
and Laws, Sociological Theory between 1600 -1800 AD
3. August Comte: Positivism, The law of Human Progress, Hierarchy of the Sciences, Social
Static & Dynamic
4. Emile Durkheim: Social Facts, The Division of Labor in Society, Suicide and Social Currents
Religion, Social Reformism
5. W. G. Sumner: Folkways and Mores, In-group and Out-group, Basic motives
6. Karl Marx: Communist Manifesto, Socialism, Stages of Social Evolution
7. Herbert Spencer: The law of Social Evolution, Concept of Society, Laissez-faire
8. Max Weber: Sociology of Religion, Bureaucracy, Protestant Ethic and the Sprit of Capitalism
Recommended Books
Ritzer, George (2002). Sociological Theory (10th edition). New York: McGraw Hill.
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ENG-208 English III
The aim of this course is to train the students in such a manner that they can comprehend and understand
different English text patterns by applying different analytical strategies. A particular care has been taken to
gratify the aesthetic needs of the learners. The basic aim of this course is to develop critical reading and critical
thinking among the students. The course shall enable the learners to develop vocabulary in English by reading
dynamic texts and understand different composition patterns in the English language. It shall also give them
orientation to different literary genres so that they could themselves be able to compose variety of texts
independently.
Contents
1. Letter Writing, Essay Writing, Reading Skills, Listening Skills
2. Poetry
1. All The world’s A Stage William Shakespeare
2. On His Blindness John Milton
3. Ode to Autumn John Keats
4. No Buyers Thomas Hardy
5. Prayers before Birth Louis MacNiece
6. The Owl Critic J.T. Field
3. Essays
1. One Vote for this Age of Anxiety Margaret Mead
2. On Babies Jerome k. Jerome
3. Islamic Culture M.M. Pickthal
4. Short Stories
1. Take Pity Bernard Malamud
2. Necklace G.D. Maupassant
3. The Happy Prince Oscar Wilde
5. One Act Plays
1. Even Exchange Paul S McCoy
2. The Master of the House W.S. Houston
Recommended Books
1. Burton,S.H.( 1984)Mastering English Language. McMillan.
2. Devitiis, Mariani & O’ Malley (1991) English Grammar for Communication. Longman
3. Swan, M. and Catherine (2001) How English Works. OUP.
Suggested Books
1. Gill, G. (1985) Mastering English Literature, McMillan
2. Burn & McNamara (1987) Literature: A Close Study. McMillan
3. Burton, S.H.(1984) Mastering English Language. McMillan.
4. Brooks, C.et al. (1975) An Approach to Literature. Prentice Hall
5. Guddon, J.A. (1991) Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Penguin
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Math-200 Mathematics
The course is aimed at providing the basic knowledge of Mathematics and prepare the students not majoring in
mathematics. After completion of this course the student should be able to understand the use of the essential
tools of basic mathematics; apply the concepts and the techniques in their respective disciplines and model the
effects non-isothermal problems through different domains.
Contents
1. Number System, Sets, Functions, Group, Inductive and deductive logic, Matrices and Determinants
2. Quadratic Equations, Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem
3. Sequence and Series, Fundamentals of Trigonometry, Limit and Continuity
4. Derivative, Integration
5. Vectors.
Recommended Books
1. Algebra and Trigonometry (Punjab Text Book Lahore) by Dr. Fouzia Saleemi
2. Calculus with Analytic Geometry by Dr. Fouzia Saleemi
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SEMESTER- IV
ENG-211 English -IV
The aim of this course is to train the students in such a manner that they can comprehend and understand
different English text patterns by applying different analytical strategies. A particular care has been taken to
gratify aesthetic needs of the learners. The basic aim of this course is to develop critical reading and critical
thinking among the students. The course shall enable the learners to develop vocabulary in English by reading
dynamic texts and understand different composition patterns in the English language. It shall also give them
orientation to different literary genres so that they could themselves be able to compose variety of texts
independently.
Contents
1. Interviews, Note-Taking
2. Comprehension & Precie-Writing
3. Job-Letter & C.V. Writing
4. Report- Writing
5. Poetry
i. Departure and Arrival T.S. Eliot
ii. The Road Not Taken Robert Frost
iii. Because I could not stop For Death Emily Dickinson
iv. Say This City Has Ten Million Souls W.H. Auden
v. The Daisy Francis Thompson
vi. Woman Work Maya Angelou
6. Short Stories
i. The Fly Katherine Mansfield
ii. Araby James Joyce
iii. Tell- Tale Heart E.A.Poe
7. Essays
a. The Last Sermon by Holy Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him)
b. Work Bertrand Russel
c. Three Days to See Helen Keller
8. Novel
i. Old Man and the Sea Ernest Hemingway
Recommended Books
1.Devitiis, Mariani & O’ Malley (1991) English Grammar for Communication. Longman
2. Swan, M. and Catherine (2001) How English Works. OUP.
Suggested Books
Gill, G. (1985) Mastering English Literature, McMillan
Guddon, J.A. (1991) Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Penguin
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Soc-221 Sociological Theory-II
The course provides a review of contemporary and modern sociological theories. It focuses on the content and
utility of theories in terms of understanding social world. While the course provides a general history of
sociological theory, the focus remains on examining how contemporary theories provide the basis for a better
understanding of the character and dynamics of societies around the world. The contents of the course also help
understand the nature of sociological theories. The student will be able to reflect upon the contemporary social
issues in the perspective of Sociological imagination
Contents
1. Rational Choice/Social Exchange Theory: Skinner and Behaviorism, G.C. Homans, Peter M. Blau
2. Social Behaviorism and Interactionism: Phenomenology, Alfred Schutz, Systemic Social Behaviorism,
Max Weber, George Simmel, Symbolic Intertactionism, C.H. Cooley and G.H. Mead
3. Ethnomethodology: Introduction, H. Garfinkal
4. Theory of Michael Foucault
5. Evolving Contemporary Feminist Theory: Feminism, Theories of Gender Disparity
6. Recent Developments: Integration and Synthesis: Micro-Macro Integration, Agency-Structure
Integration, And Synthesis in Sociological Theory
Recommended Books
1. Ritzer, Georg, (1988). Sociological Theory, Singapore. McGraw Hill.
2. Kinloch, G.C. (1977) Sociological Theory: Its Development and Major Paradigms, New York:
McGraw Hill Book Co.
Suggested Books
1. Cooley, C.H. (1962). Social Organization, New York: Scrichnes Books.
2. Coser, L.A. (1971) Master of Sociological Thought: Ideas in Historical Social Context, New York:
Harcourt Brace.
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SOC-222 Research Methods -I
The course is about the basic concepts, components and usage of social research. How various methodologies
are used while conducting research on different issues. This course will provide an opportunity for participants
to establish or advance their understanding of research through critical exploration of research language, ethics,
and approaches. The course introduces the language of research, ethical principles and challenges, and the
elements of the research process within quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches. Participants
will use these theoretical underpinnings to begin to critically review literature relevant to their field or interests
and determine how research findings are useful in forming their understanding of their work, social, local and
global environment
Contents
1. Introduction: Scientific Method and Social Research, Theory and Research, Research Orientation:
Basic, Applied and Evaluative, Purpose of Research: Exploration, Description, Explanation
2. Language of Research: Concept: Development Process, Definition: Nominal and Operational,
Variable: Types, Hypothesis: Uni-variate, Bivariate, Multivariate, Characteristics of a Testable
Hypothesis. Null Hypothesis. Alternate Hypothesis
3. The Research Process: Stages of Social Research, Circularity and Replication
4. Formulation of Research Problem: Choosing the Problem and its Significance, Review of Relevant
Literature, Theoretical Framework, the Derivation of Hypothesis, Measuring the Variable,
Operationalization, Validity and Reliability, the Time Dimension: Cross-sectional Studies,
Longitudinal, Studies, Approximating Longitudinal Studies, Unit of Analysis: Individuals, Groups,
Organizations, the Ecological Fallacy, Reductionism, Population and sampling
Recommended Books
1. Baily, K.D. (2000). Methods of Social Research, New York: The Free Press.
2. Baker, Therese L. (1999). Doing Social Research, New York: The Free Press. Ackoff, Russel, L.
(Latest ed.)
Suggested Books
1. Loraines, Blaxter, Christina Hughes and Malcom Tight (1999). How to Research. Viva Book Pvt. Ltd.
Mumbay.
2. Senter, R.J. (1969). Analysis of Data - Introductory Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. Illinois;
Scott Freeman and Company.
3. Young, Pauline, V. (1990). Scientific Social Surveys and Research, Tokyo: Charles E. Tutrttle Co.
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SOC-223 Pakistani Society and Culture
The course aims to make students learn about the nature and structure of Pakistani society. It aims to impart
knowledge about national culture and sub-cultures of Pakistan. The course will develop understanding about
the integrated function of various social institutions in the country. It also addresses address various
components of Pakistani Society are integrated in order to understand the broader socio historical context of
Pakistani Society.
1. Introduction: Definition of Society, Characteristics of Pakistani Society, Social Stratification, Cast,
Class & Ethnicity, Social Institutions in Pakistan (Family, Religion, Economy, Politics, Education,
Recreational
2. Educational Dynamics: Illiteracy, Literacy, Universal Primary Education Concept ,Schools;
Technical & Higher Education
3. Status of Formal and Informal Education
4. Historical Perspective of Pakistani Culture: Provincial Culture: Culture of Punjab
5. Culture of Sindh, Culture of KPK, Culture of Baluchistan, Culture of Kashmir & Northern Areas
6. Urban and Rural Division of Pakistan: Rural Society & Urban Society
7. Minority and Their Belief
8. Major Social Problems
9. Major Occupation and Production Activities
Recommended Books
1. Ahmad, Akbar S. (1990). “Pakistani Society”. Karachi: Royal Books Co.
2. Hafeez, Sabiha. (). “Pakistan Changing Society.
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GENERAL COURSES
COMS- 423 Introduction to Mass Communication
This course is an examination of the effect and impact of mass media on contemporary life and society. The
course covers both the historical evolution of media as well as contemporary developments and issues. Areas
of coverage include, newspapers and journalism, magazine and book publishing, radio and television
broadcasting, motion pictures, music recording, Internet and social media, cable and satellite communication,
advertising and public relations; media law and ethics. Course work will include weekly chapter readings from
the course text, quizzes, and regular participation in on-line discussion forums which will require writing and
reflection.
Contents
Communication, Communication Breath (types), Models, Public Relations and Advertising, Mass Media and
Society, Media Effects
Recommended Books
1. Mahsud, M.n. (2006). Mass Communication: An Introduction to Information, Revolution, Theories,
Skills and Practices. Islamabad: Higher Education Commission.
Suggested Books
1. Weller W; Burnet, J; and Monaty, S. (2001). Advertising Principles and Practices, 6th ed: Pearson,
USA: Prentice Hall.
2. Willcox, D.L; Ault, P.H; Agee, W.K. and Cameron, G.T. (2000). Public Relations: Strategies and
Tactics, 6th ed. USA: Longman.
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GEOG- 424 Fundamentals of Geography
The course is aimed at creating awareness about Geography and Geographical knowledge. It encompasses a
systematic descriptive introduction to the diverse elements of landscape including geomorphic, climatic, and
biotic elements, human settlement and land-use patterns; cartographic approaches to the analysis of selected
processes of landscape change; an introduction to the synthesis of elements and processes in spatial systems
models.
Contents
1. Introduction & Definitions of Geography: Themes of Geography, Roots of the discipline & basic
geographic concepts, the evolution of geography from ancient to modern period, Branches of Geography and
its relations with other disciplines.
2. The universe: Galaxies and Solar system, Origin of the Earth, Earth as a planet and celestial positions
its Shape and size. Rotation and revolution and related phenomena, Earths’ Satellite Moon, Lunar and solar
Eclipses
3. Positions on Map and Globe, Geographical coordinates and its characteristics, World time zones
standard and local time, Geological time scale, Internal Structure of the Earth & Rocks. Distribution of land
and water, Major Landforms (Mountain, Plateau and Plain) Earthquakes and volcanic activity, folding and
faulting. Weathering, mass wasting, cycle of erosion, erosion and deposition.
4. Atmospheric Structure and Composition, Elements of Weather and climate. Ocean and its
Configuration, Movement of Oceans, Biomes
Recommended Books
1.Christopherson, R.W. (2000), Geo-systems, Prentice-Hall, Inc, USA.
2.De Blij, H. J and Muller, P.O. (1996), Physical Geography of the global Environment, USA,
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Suggested Books
1. Diwan A.P. & D.K. Arora (1995), Origin of the Ocean, Anmol Publisher, Delhi.
2. Gabler, R.E, Sager, R.J and Wise, D.L. (1997), Essentials of Physical Geography, Saunders
College Publishing, New York.
3.Mcliveen, J.F.R. (1992), Fundamentals of Weather and climate, Prentice Hall New Jersey
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PHIL-425 Logic and Critical Thinking
The course is designed to give the students the background of philosophical thinking. It is designed to make
students aware of logical thinking and clear communication. It will familiarize them with the fountain head of
all sciences. Over all purpose of the course is to provide them the insight and vision to understand the human
wisdom.
Contents
1. What philosophy is and why it is worth studying.
2. Logic: Definition and scope of logic, Proposition
3. The Laws of Logic: The Law of identity, The Law of non-contradiction, The Law of Excluded Middle,
The Law of Sufficient Reason.
4. Deductive Reasoning
5. Inference: Immediate inference, mediate inference (syllogism)
6. Inductive Reasoning
7. Kinds of Induction: Enumeration. Analogy. Parity of reasoning. Colligation of facts.
8. Generalization: Scientific generalization. Empirical generalization. The basis of generalization
9. Hypothesis
Recommended Books
1. Deduction by Karamat Hussain.
2. Induction by karamat Hussain
3. A critical History of Greek Philosophy by W.T.S. Taee
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PSY-426 Introduction to Psychology
The course is designed to ensure an effective orientation of students towards the discipline of psychology so
that they may come to appreciate the diversity of the subject and its pragmatic significance. It will make
students familiar with the essentials features of research enterprise in Psychology. That will help inculcate a
sense of personal relevance of Psychology as a subject with the potential of gaining better insight into one’s
own self.
1. Introduction to Psychology: Nature and Application of Psychology with special reference to Pakistan
2. Research Enterprise in Psychology (A brief sketch), Goals of Scientific Enterprise, Steps in Scientific
Investigation, Advantages of Scientific Approach, and Experimental Research
3. Descriptive / Correlational Research
i) Naturalistic Observation ii) Case History Method iii) Survey Method
4. Statistics and Research
i) Descriptive Statistics ii) Inferential Statistics
5. Evaluating Research
i) Sampling Bias ii) Placebo Effects
iii) Distortion in Self Report Data iv) Experimenter Bias
6. Research Ethics
i) The Question of Deception ii) The Question of Animal Research
7. Biological Basis of Behavior, Communication in the Nervous System, Organization of the Nervous
System, Brain Research Methods, The Brain and Behavior, Right Brain / Left Brain: Cerebral Laterality, The
Endocrine System, Heredity and Behavior (Nature & Nurture), The Evolutionary bases of Behavior, Sensation
and Perception
8. Psychophysics: Basic Concepts and Issues, Our senses of Sight: The Visual System, Our Senses of
Hearing: The Auditory System, Our Chemical Senses: The Taste and Smell, Our Senses of Touch: Sensory
Systems in the Skin, The other Senses (The Kinesthetic System & the Vestibular System)
9. Motivation and Emotion: The Motivation of Hunger and Eating, Affiliation: In Search of Belongingness,
Achievement: In search of Excellence, The Elements of Emotional Experience, Theories of Emotion (James
Lange Theory, Cannon-Bard Theory, Schachter’s Two Factor Theory, Evolutionary Theories of Emotion
10. Learning: Definition of Learning, Types of Learning (Classical Conditioning & Operant Conditioning,
Changing Directions in Study of Conditioning, Observational Learning, Human Memory, Encoding: Getting
Information Into Memory, Storage: Maintaining Information in Memory, Retrieval: Getting Information Out of
Memory, Forgetting: When Memory Lapses, In Search of Memory Trace: The Physiology of Memory, Are
There Multiple Memory Systems?
11. Language & Thinking, the Cognitive revolution In Psychology, Language: Turning Thoughts into
Words, Problem Solving: In Search of Solutions, Decision Making: Choices and Chances
12. Personality: Theory, Research and Assessment, The Nature of Personality, Psychodynamic
Perspectives, Behavioral Perspectives, Humanistic Perspectives, Biological Perspectives, Contemporary
Empirical Approaches to Personality Traits, Culture and Personality
Recommended Books
1. Atkinson, R. C., & Smith, E. E. (2000). Introduction to psychology (13th ed.). Harcourt Brace College
Publishers.
2. Wayne Weiten. (2001). Psychology: Themes and variations. (5th ed.). New York: Wadsworth
Suggested Books
1. Fernald, L.D., & Ferbnald, P. S. (2005). Introduction to psychology. USA: WMC Brown Publishers.
2. Glassman, W. E. (2000). Approaches to psychology. Open University Press.
3. Lahey, B. B. (2004). Psychology: An introduction (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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ECON-427 Principles of Economics
This course provides an introduction to a broad range of economic concepts, theories and analytical techniques.
It considers both microeconomics - the analysis of choices made by individual decision-making units
(households and firms) - and macroeconomics - the analysis of the economy as a whole. The use of a market,
supply and demand, model will be the fundamental model in which trade-offs and choices will be considered
through comparison of costs and benefits of actions. Production and market structure will be analyzed at the
firm level. Macroeconomic issues regarding the interaction of goods and services markets, labor and money at
an aggregate level will be modelled. The role of government policy to address microeconomic market failures
and macroeconomic objectives will be examined.
Contents
1. Introduction to microeconomics: Economic systems, basic functions of an economic system, Theory
of the Consumer behavior (cardinal & ordinal approach ), Supply, Demand, and the market price
determination, Concept of Elasticity (Demand and Supply ), Theory of Cost ( traditional theory ), Theory of the
Firm ( laws of return & law of variable proportion), Market structure (Perfect Market & Imperfect Markets (
Monopoly & Monopolistic competition)
2. Introduction to Macroeconomics
Introduction of different concepts of NATIONAL INCOME i.e. Gross domestic product (GDP), Gross national
product (GNP), Net national product (NNP), National income (NI), Personal income (PI), Personal disposable
income (PDI) and measurement of GDP: Product, Income and Expenditure approach, Circular flow of national
income. Consumption and saving function .Investment and its types. Concept of Multiplier & Accelerator.
Concept of Aggregate Demand & Supply and their equilibrium, Monetary and Fiscal Policies. Inflation and
Unemployment (Phillips Curve). Balance of Payment (BoP) Problems and remedies. Public Finance: Taxation,
Debt and Expenditure.
Recommended Books
1. McConnel, C.R. and Brue, S.L. 1996. Economics-Principles, Problems and Policies, Mc Graw-Hill,
Inc.
2. Varian, H.R. 1999, Intermediate Microeconomics, 5th Edition, W.W. Norton and Company, New York.
Suggested Books
1. Nicholson. 1994. Intermediate Microeconomics. The Drydon Press. Harcourt Brace College,
Publishers, New York Sanfransisco
2. Dornbusch, R. & S. Fisher, 1998, Macroeconomics. McGraw Hill. Inc. New York.Rashid, A.H. 1998.
Macro Economics. Ilmi Kitab Khana Lahore
3. Samuelson, Paul A. & Nordhaus W.D. Economics McGraw Hill. Inc.
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BLL-428 Introduction to Law
The subject of Introduction to law tends to supply that theoretical foundation which the science of law
constantly demands. The syllabus of this Subject has constructed in order to effect and involve the clear
conception and understanding of the nature of law. This subject trains the mind so as to enable the students to
discover legal fallacies which would otherwise remain unnoticed. It teaches the students the correct use of legal
terms by providing a practice and unambiguous terminology.
Contents
1. Meaning of Law, Scope, Dictionary Meaning, Juristic view point about meaning of Law,
Jurisprudence, State and Law, Advantages and Disadvantages of Law
2. Kinds of Law: Substantive and procedural Law, Civil and Criminal Law, Statutory and Case Law,
Islamic and Secular Law, Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, International Law
3. Sources of Law: Legislation, Precedent, Custom, Principles, Agreements
4. Islamic Law: Fiqh, Usul-al-Fiqh, Islamic Law
5. Sources of Islamic Law: Qura’n, Sunnah, Ijma, Qiyas, Istihsan (Juristic Preference), Istihab
(Presumption of Continuity), Maslahah Mursalah (Extended Analogy), Sadd-al-Dhari’ah (Blocking the lawful
means to an un-lawful end), Companion’s opinion (Qawl al-Sahabi), Custom (Urf)
Books Recommended
1. Jurisprudence by P.J Fitzgerald
2. Islamic Jurisprudence by Imran Ahsan Nyazee
3. Jurisprudence by Dias
Suggested Books
1. Jurisprudence by V.D.A Mahajan
2. Lloyd,s introduction to jurisprudence by M.D.A Freeman
3. Jurisprudence, the philosophy and methods of the Law by Edger Bodenheirmer
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SW-429 Social Work
This course focuses on the historical development of social welfare, social work and various social services.
The course focuses on the nature, causes, and extent of major social problems, and provides examples of how
people are affected by such problems. Emphasis is placed on various roles of social workers, the generalist
method, cultural competence, ecological and systems theory, the strengths perspective, and responses to the
needs of the poor, families, and populations at risk such as the elderly, children, sexual minorities, and people
of color. Also addressed are changing trends in society and how they affect social work practice
Contents
1. Pakistan society: definition, characteristics, Rural-urban comparison;
2. Culture: definition, characteristics, social norms, socialization and social development;
3. Social institutions; definitions and types and functions;
4. Social change; socio-economics needs of Pakistan; needs of social groups; social problems of Pakistan;
Introduction to social work and social welfare; Islam and social work
5. Methods of social work; social group work; community development, secondary methods;
6. Social welfare administration and social action;
7. Fields/areas of social work; and social welfare agencies.
Books Recommended
1. Walter. A. Friedlander. (1980) “Introduction to Social Welfare” Prentice Hall Englewood Cleffs
New Jersy U.S.A
.2. Jainenbra Kumar Jha, “An introduction to Social Work” Anmol Publication. New Delhi India.
(2002)
Suggested Books
1. Sanjay Bhattacharya, “Social Work an Integrated Approach” Deep & Deep Publication. New Delhi
India. (2002)
2. Robert Adams, Lema Dominelli and Malcolm Payne, “Critical Practice in “Social Work” Palgravein
Association with the Open University. (2002)
2. Muhammad Khalid, “Social Work Theory and Practice with Special Reference to Pakistan” Kifayat
Academy Educational Publishers Karachi. (2001)
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PLO-430 Political Science
This course provides an introductory overview of the nature of politics and government, how to create good
governments, and how best to structure political institutions (and limit their powers). The course examines
basic political concepts, theories and ideologies, institutions of government, and the structures and processes of
politics and policy-making. The course also prepares students for further study in political science by providing
conceptual and analytical tools appropriate to the field.
Contents
1. Political Science, Definition and Nature, Scope and Utility of Political Science
2. State: Definition and Elements, Islamic Concept of State, State Vs Government & Society
3. Classification of States: Monarchy/Dictatorship, Democracy, Unitary & Federal Government
4. Forms of Government: Parliamentary, Presidential
5. Individual & the State: Law, Liberty, Sovereignty, and Fundamental Human Rights & Duties
6. Political Dynamics: (a) Public Opinion (b) Pressure Groups (c) Political Parties
7. Political Theories: (a) Fascism & Nazism (b) Socialism (c) Communism (d) Imperialism &
New Imperialism
Recommended Books
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GEOG-431 Introduction to Geographical Information Systems
The course aims at providing an understanding of GIS, its evolution, applications, spatial data models and data
structures, design aspects of GIS; spatial data acquisition, sources and standards; spatial data manipulation,
spatial analysis and visualization of data. This course also covers the understanding of GIS software
environment. This subject provides basic training in understanding GIS data capture, storage, retrieval, analysis
and display. It also helps to learn functionality of GIS software and to gain basic skills
Content
Lab work
Introduction to GIS Lab (hardware / software), Raster/Vector/Attribute Data Display, Scanning, Digitization,
coordinate based point mapping, Raster / Vector Conversion, Data layer integration and display of different
projections, Map layout, Data Classification and Thematic Mapping, Handling with Topological Errors,
Overlay and network analysis.
Recommended Books
1.Aronoff, S. (2004), Geographic Information Systems, A Management Perspective WDL
Publications, Ottawa.
2.Clarke, K. (2004), Getting started with Geographic Information System, Prentice Hall , New
York
Suggested Books
1.Lillesand, T. M. and Kiefer, R. W. (2004), Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation., John
Wiley and Sons
2.Mather, P.M. (2004), Computer Processing of Remotely Sensed Images, John Wiley and
Sons
3. McDonald, R. and Burrough, P. (2001), Principles of Geographic Information Systems,
Oxford University Press,
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ENV-432 Introductions to Environmental Science
Environmental science is the study of patterns and processes in the natural world and their modification by
human activity. To understand current environmental problems, we need to consider physical, biological and
chemical processes that are often the basis of those problems. This course will give you the skills necessary to
address the environmental issues we are facing today by examining scientific principles and the application of
those principles to natural systems. This course will survey some of the many environmental science topics at
an introductory level, ultimately considering the sustainability of human activities on the planet.
Contents
1. Introduction: basic concepts, history, nature and scope of Environmental Science and its contribution
to society.
2. Different aspects of environment: physical, ecological, socio-economic, ethical, philosophical.
3. Major components of environment: physio-chemical, biological and social, and their relationships with
various environmental factors.
4. Human environment and its problems: global, national, regional.
5. Environmental challenges for sustainable development: current and future trends in population growth,
environmental Pollution, development in industry and agriculture, urbanization, poverty and resource
depletion.
Recommended Books
1. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet, Botkin, D.B & Keller, E.A. 6th Ed. John Wiley &
Sons, 2007.
2. Environmental Science: systems and solutions, McKinney, M.L., Schoch, R.M. & Yonavjak, L. 4th
Ed. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2007
Suggested Books
1. Environmental Science: Toward a Sustainable Future, Wright, R.T. & Nebel, B.J. 10th Ed. Pearson
Educational, 2007.
2. Environmental Science: working with the Earth. Miller, G., Thomson Learning, 2002.
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Semester- V
SOC- 311 Gender Studies
Gender is encountered in every aspect of our lives. It informs public debate, legislation, how much money we
earn, who dies younger and our exposure to risk and sexual violence. The course examines contemporary
gender relations in Pakistani society, in our everyday lives, the school, the workplace, and the home. To what
extent can we explain these relations in terms of women's and men's choices and to what extent in terms of
masculinities and femininities, laws and institutions, and the distribution of power and resources in Pakistani
society? The ways that ethnicity, 'race' and class modify and give meaning to gender debates in an Australian
and international context will also be a central concern.
Contents
1 Introduction
Women studies: An overview, Women studies: Some feminist perspectives
2. Gender differences: Myths and realities
Women studies in the international setting, Women’s studies in Pakistani perspectives
3. Theories regarding feminism, the sociology of women’s education, feminism and sociology
4. Women’s rights on human rights,
Nationalism, colonialism & women, the participation of women in promoting international peace and co-
operation conferences on women
5. Politics & women, political role of women
The role of women in policing, women and administration, women and participatory development, gender
justice women and literature women’s work and economic development, current issue, Socialization and
gender roles: the role of various agents of socialization.Theories and explanations of socialization. Gender
stereotyping: The feministic approach. The representation of women in literature, media, and textbooks
Recommended Books
1. Hassan, I.N. Psychology of Women, Islamabad: Allama Iqbal Open University, 1996.
2. Marry & Maitland, Psychology of Women- USA.
Suggested Books
1. Robert A. Goodale, Experiencing Psychology. Science Research Association Inc. USA, 1978.
2. Rod Plotnik, Introduction to Psychology, Random House, New York, 1989.
3. Michael Cole & Sheila R. Cole, The Development of Children. Scientific American Books, 1993.
4. Andre B. Crider & Others, Psychology. Scott Foresman and
Company, 1983.
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SOC-312 Social Statistics-I
This course is meant to equip students with basic statistical skills and help prepare them for more advanced
quantitative courses, graduate studies or a future career where some knowledge of statistics is required. The
course seeks, in particular, to promote statistical literacy among students so that they can critically evaluate
statistical information and data-based arguments appearing in diverse media outlets. It focuses on both
descriptive and inferential techniques in highlighting the usefulness of statistics in understanding social
behavior. This course does not require a strong mathematical background as a prerequisite, although ability
with simple algebra will be an asset. The course begins with basic descriptive statistics and then moves on to
inferential statistics. The descriptive part includes techniques such as frequency distribution, measures of
central tendency and dispersion, standardized scores and the normal curve. The section on inferential statistics
introduces students to hypothesis testing, estimation procedures, correlation, and linear regression techniques.
Although the course requires computational work, conceptual understanding of the issues will be emphasized.
Contents
1. Introduction
Elementary statistical concepts and notions, Meaning and Definition of Social Statistics, Use of Statistics
in Modern Sociology, Grouped and Un-grouped Data, Statistics: Descriptive and Inductive, Measurement:
Nominal, Ordinal and Interval scales, Frequency Distribution: Tabular Organization and Graphic
Presentation of Data
2. Measures of Centrality and Location
Mean, Median and Mode, Percentiles, Deciles and Quartiles
3. Measures of Dispersion
Range, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Variance, Quartile Deviation
4. The Normal Distribution
Form of the normal Curve, Area under the Normal Curve
5. Probability
Basic concepts, Rules of Probability, Binomial Probabilities
6. Non Parametric Tests
Chi Square Test, Other Non-parametric Tests: The Sign Test, The Median Test, The Mann Whitney
Test
7. Computer Application: Introduction to SPSS
Recommended Books
1. Blalock Hubert M.Jr. (1988) Social Statistics, Tokyo: McGraw Hill Book Company.Kogakusha, Ltd.
(International Students Edition)
2. Brace, Charles Heury and Brase, Corrinne Fellillo (1978) Understandable Statistics, Concepts and
Methods, Massachusetts: D.C. Health and Company.
Suggested Books
1. Byrkit, Donald R. (1972). Elements of Statistics. An Introduction to
Probability and Statistical Inference, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
2. Edward, Allen L. (1966) Statistical Methods for Behavioural Sciences, New York: Rinerhart and
Company, Inc.
3. Elifson, Kirk W., Richard P. Runyon and Audrey Haber,(1990) Fundamentals of Social Statistics, (2nd,
eds.) Singapore: McGraw Hill. Book Company Inc.
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SOC-313 Research Methods-II
The aim of the course is to provide students with the methodological skills necessary for them to carry out
independent research. Throughout the year, methodological and design considerations are integrated with
statistical techniques. Statistical theory is not emphasized; instead, students are trained to be consumers and
users of statistics. Applied linkages are developed through the extensive use of the SPSS data analysis package.
Advanced Research Methods can be divided into three components. Over the duration of the semester students
will engage in topics including effect size measures and their associated confidence intervals, power analysis,
clinical significance, advanced analysis of variance, regression modeling and regression diagnostics,
bootstrapping, and dealing with missing data. Students are taught these techniques in the context of SPSS and
other computer-based data analysis software. Qualitative methods are considered briefly.
Contents
1. Formulation of Research Design
Types of Research Design: Experimental Research, Survey Research, Field Research (Observation and its
Types, Participatory Rapid Appraisal, Focused Group Discussion, (Case Studies). Unobtrusive Research
(Content Analysis, Analyzing Existing Data, Historical Research),
Components of Research Design
2. Gathering of Data
Instruments of Data Collection: Interview Schedule. Questionnaire, Interview Guide, Guidelines for the
Construction of Questionnaires and its Administration, Guidelines for Interviewing
3. Analyzing Data
Measurement: Scores, Indexes, Scales, Getting the Data to the Computer (Introduction to the use of
Computer), Table Presentation, Qualitative Data
4. Interpreting Results
Hypothesis Testing, Interpretation of Qualitative Data, Interpretation of Quantative Data, Discussion,
Report Writing (Mechanics, Footnotes, References)
Recommended Books
1. Baily, K.D. (2000). Methods of Social Research, New York: The Free Press.
2. Baker, Therese L. (1999). Doing Social Research, New York: The Free Press. Ackoff, Russel, L.
(Latest ed.) The Design of Social Research, Chicago; Univ. of Chicago Press.
Suggested Books
1. Benjafield, Jhon G. (1994). Thinking Critically about Research Methods. London: Allyn and Bacon.
2. Blalock, Hubert M. (Revised), Methods of Social Research. Chaple Hill, University of North
California Press.
3. Hyman, Herbert et al (latest. ed) Interviewing in Social Research, Chicago. University of Chicago
Press.
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SOC-314 Introduction to Demography
This course provides an introduction to demography and population studies. A quick google search will reveal
many definitions of both demography and population studies as well as some disagreement about what each
encompasses. Broadly speaking, however, most observers agree that demography is the study of human
populations (size, spatial distribution, composition) and the processes through which populations change
(fertility, mortality, migration), and population studies concern the causes and consequences of population
change. In addition, demography is associated with statistical description and the mathematical techniques used
to study population—an association which drives many students away from enrolling in courses like this one.
As you’ll learn this semester, what demographers actually “do” extends well beyond what these definitions
suggest and demographic research draws extensively from a wide range of disciplines, including anthropology,
economics, public health and sociology. Readings for this course are drawn from all of these disciplines and
have been selected to emphasize the breadth of the field and the variety of theoretical and policy perspectives
that characterize it.
Contents
1. Introduction
Meaning, forms and scope, Sources of data, Census, vital events and statistics, sample surveys
2. Analytical demography
Vital rates and ratios, Birth and death rates Fertility rates, Gross reproduction rate. Migration rate, Life
table Meaning and forms Calculation of various functions of life table
3. Basic demographic methods
Relative numbers, rate, ratio, percent, proportion, Measures of population structure, pyramid, age and sex
ratio, dependency ratio, distributive measures
Measures of population change: natural increase rate, standardization of rates and net reproduction rate and
migration rate.
Recommended Books
1. (2001). Handbook of Population Census, Methods, New York: United Nations Organization
2. (2007). Handbook of Vital Statistics Methods, New York: United Nations Organization
Suggested Books
1. 2. (1970). Methods of Measuring Internal Migration, New York: United Nations Organization.
3. (1973). The Determinants and Consequences of Population Trends, New York: United Nations
Organization.
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SOC-315 CRIMINOLOGY
This course examines the nature, function, and causes of crime in society. The course traces the development
of criminology from the Enlightenment through the present, situating key criminological theories and research
in their historical context. Furthermore, the course attempts to bridge criminological theory and contemporary
crime and criminal justice issues including racial profiling, gun control, drug enforcement, and mass
incarceration. While drawing critical attention to prevailing criminological wisdom, the course also attempts to
broaden students’ understanding of criminality through highlighting oft neglected crimes including those
committed by and against women, and by the government and corporate executives.
Contents
1. Introduction
Criminology and its scope
Criminology and criminal law
2. Related concepts
Deviancy, Sin, Vice, Crime as a social and cultural phenomenon
Crime and social organization, Crime as a social problem, Crime and social structure
3. Theories and approaches to criminal behavior
Biological and environmental factors
Psychological and psychiatric determinants
Sociological and economic approaches
islamic point of view
4. Crime and criminals
The occasional criminal, The habitual criminal,The professional criminal, The white collar crimes, The
organized crime, Corporate crime, Custom based deviance and crime
5. Juvenile delinquency
Juvenile delinquency and crime
Delinquency prevention at juvenile level
Juvenile reformatories
Probation
Other preventive measures/programs with reference to Pakistan
Recommended Books
1. Cavan, Ruth Shonle (2008). Criminology, New York: Thomas Y. Growel Co.
2. Fox, Vernon (1985). Introduction to Criminology, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Suggested books
1. Farrington, David P. (1986). Understanding and Controlling Crime, New York: Springer-Verlag.
2. Hagon, John Modern (1987). Criminology, New York: McGraw Hill.
3. Heidensohn, Frances (1989). Crime and Society, London: Mcmillan and Co.
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SOC-316 Cultural Anthropology
This course introduces the discipline of anthropology and the work of anthropologists. It does so by focusing
on a series of questions that anthropologists have developed compelling answers to like: Why do people
believe different things? Why are some societies characterized by inequalities? How do people communicate
who they are to others? And are people in advanced societies truly healthier and happier than those in less
advanced societies? This “question-based” approach encourages students to ask these questions of their own
culture and society as they think critically and actively engage with, and learn from, examples from throughout
the world and throughout history. Students will leave the course with a broad understanding of how
anthropologists answer such questions and with a greater awareness of the cultural and social diversity that
exists in the world.
Contents
1. Introduction
Anthropology and Cultural Anthropology, Fields of Anthropology, Anthropological Research
Methods, Cultural Anthropology and other Social Sciences, Significance of Cultural Anthropology
2. Culture
Definition, Properties and Taxonomy
3. Evaluation and Growth of Culture
Evolution of Man, Evolution of Culture, Schools of Thought in Cultural Anthropology
4. Food Getting
Food Collection, Food Production, The Origin and Spread of Food Production
5. Marriage and Family
Marriage and Mate Selection, the Family: Types and Functions, Kinship System: Structure,
Terminology, Rules and Types of Descent
6. Religion and Magic
The University of Religion, Religious Beliefs and Practices, Witchcraft and Sorcery
7. Culture Change
Process of Cultural Change, Cultural Change in the Modern World, Problems of Cultural Change in
Pakistani society.
Recommended Books
1. Bodley, John H. (1994). Cultural Anthropology. California: Mayfield Publishing Co.
2. Embers N Embers (1990) Social and Cultural Anthropology: Printice Hall. NeYark/Landon
Suggested books
1. Bernard, H. Russell (1994) Research Methods in Anthropology; Qualitative and Quantitative
Approach. Landon: Sage Publication
2. Ember, Carol R. and Ember, Melvin (1990). Anthropology. (6th ed. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall
Inc.)
3. Harris Marvin (1987). Cultural Anthropology, New York: Harper and Row.
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SEMESTER VI
SOC-321 Sociology of Development This course examines key ideas, theories, and actors (institutions, social movements, NGOs, governments, etc.)
that have shaped mainstream and alternative development processes and practices. The course historicizes
‘development,’ looking at the ways in which its discursive and political economic aspects mutually reinforce
power structures that determine which peoples do and do not count as ‘developed’ and which perspectives on
change become part of development practice. The first part of the course covers the foundations of the
capitalist world-system in colonial histories and the ways such history influenced the ideas and issues shaping
‘development’ in the twentieth and early twenty-first century. The second part of the course covers ideologies,
institutions, and processes that led to a capitalist globalization shaped by neoliberalism. It also examines the
effects of these processes on particular spheres such as gender, the food system, NGOs, and Trade/Fair Trade.
The final part of the course covers in depth several key areas in which capitalist development has created a
social ‘crisis’—factory labor, peasants and land issues, finance and debt, and alternative forms of state
governance. These weeks allow an exploration of the multilayered theoretical and experiential aspects of
development as it takes place on the ground in recent times. It closes the course with a consideration of the
possible future(s) of development.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Theories of Development
The modernization school, Marxist and socialist models, Development and underdevelopment-
dependency, Developmentalism – basic needs, Structural adjustment
3. Social Change and Development in Global Perspective
The politics of development: Economy, policy, culture-ideology, Corporations, classes and consumerism,
Gender and development, Transnational practices in the third world, Socialist societies in the global
system
4. Community Participation
Evolution and development of concept
5. The Role of Aid in Development
6. The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Development
7. The Role of Technology in Development
8. Development of Pakistan: A Case Study
Recommended Books
1. Webster, Andrew. 1990. Introduction to the Sociology of Development. New York: Palgrave.
2. Alavi H. and Shanin T. 1982. Introduction to the Sociology of Developing Society. Hongkong:
Macmillan
Suggested books
1. Amin S. Arrighi, G, Frank A.G. and Wallerstien I. 1982. Dynamics of Global Crisis. New York:
Monthly
2. Auty, Richard M. 1995. Patterns of Development: Resources, Policy and Economic Growth.
London:
3. Booth, David. 1994. Re-thinking Social Development: Theory, Research and Practice. England:
Longman Scientific & Technical.
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SOC-322 NGO Management
This course will explore the world of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) by reviewing the types of, and
institutional issues related to, NGOs. Specifically, the course will review the activities and roles of NGOs as
subcontractors, educators, technical assistance providers, humanitarian aid providers, and specifically as policy
advocates. It will also examine the role of NGOs in civil society, their impact to influence policies and how
INGOs are shaped by world politics, states, and economic forces. Starting with the history and the
development of humanitarian aid and their principles, students will get an overview of the nature and variety of
NGOs. How does the civil society, uprising and organizing themselves in NGOs, face and address global
problems? What are their policies, challenges and constraints on their way to meet these aims, what is the
reality of the NGOs role, interacting with other stakeholders and institutions and how effective are they? This
will be achieved through case studies, their critical analysis and discussions with support from NGO- and
governmental representatives throughout the course.
Contents
1. Strategic management of NGOs
Management of NGOs, NGOs and social change
2. Involvement of NGO in civil society
Role of NGOs in global civil society
3. NGOs and democracy
Regulations to corporations, Government NGO co-operation, NGOs in planning and development
4. NGOs and global governance
Role of NGOs in sustainable development
5. Advocacy of NGOs
NGOs advocates of good governance
6.Financing NGOs
Risks of bank-NGO relations, Funding NGOs, Role of IMF, Financial and technical activities of IMF
7. NGOs: issues and opportunities
NGOs’ policy towards international criminal court
Recommended Books
1. Goel, O.P. (2004) Strategic Management and policy issues of NGOs
Suggested Books
1. Blank. 2000. The natural laws of leadership. Royal book company, Karachi
2. Khan, Imdad. A. 1998. Changing pattern of rural leadership and their characteristics. Pakistan academy
for rural development, Peshawar, Pakistan
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SOC-323 Sociology of Change
Our society seems to always be in a constant state of change, but what forces are responsible for social changes
ranging from the industrial to the digital revolution? How do these changes play out on the individual and
national levels? This course uses the tools of sociology to help explain how we got to where we are now and
where we may be headed. The first portion of the course will explore influential types of sociological
explanations of social change, including functionalist, conflict and interpretive perspectives. The second part of
the course will apply these theoretical lenses to historical and contemporary instances of social change, such as
the recent national legalization of same-sex marriage, and spread of information and communication
technology. The third part of the course will look at processes of social change, from political reform to social
revolution to technological innovation. The last unit will cover social change on a global scale in our
increasingly interconnected world, looking at globalization processes, environmental change and its social
implications, and diagnoses of our future.
Contents
1. The normality of change
The contemporary chaos
Order and change
The amendment of functional theories
The ubiquity of change
2. Causes and directions
The myth of singular theory of change
Note on detection and measurement
The direction of change
3. Small scale change
Social action in cycles
Changes in group structures
Relations among preclusive group
Normative inconsistency
4. Change in societies
Change producing tension
The tensions of inequality
Acculturation
5. Modernization
The for SOC of modernization
Industrialization: conditions
Industrialization: concomitants and consequences.
The dynamics of industrial society
6. Social evolution
Recommended Books:
1. Swansen, G.E. Social Change, Glenview, III, Scott, Foresman and Co. 1971.
2. Lapiere, R.T. Social Change, New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1965
Suggested Books
1. Elzioni, A, and E. Elzioni, (eds), Social Change, New York: Basic Book Inc, 1964.
2. Moore, W.E, Social Change, Englawood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice Hall Inc, 1974.
3. Smith, A.D, The Concept of Social Change: A Critique of the Functionalist Theory of Social Change,
London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973.
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SOC-324 Community Development
The concept of community development concerns ways of thinking about and resolving community problems.
Students examine the relationship between individual and community issues. In addition, they have
opportunities to develop organizing skills on an agency and community level. Students explore possible
interventions along a continuum: from changes in human service work practice and under agency auspices to
broader structural change within the community. Through interactive lectures, graded online discussions,
seminar and presentations, students acquire information through which community work can be examined
while analyzing outreach and development issues and activities.
Contents
1. Introduction
a. Meaning, Scope and Subject Matter
b. Historical Development
2. Theories and Approaches of Community Development.
3. Processes of Community Development
a. Community Mobilization
b. Community Participation
c. Resource Mobilization.
4. Community Developments
a. Community Development Programs in Pakistan
b. History of Community Development before Partition of the Sub-continent
c. Community Development with Reference to Village-AID Program.
5. Role of International Organizations in Participatory Community Development
6. Community Concepts and Definition
a. The Nature of Community
b. Methodology and Organization of Community
c. Development and Role of Social Welfare Councils in Community Development.
7. Community Organization and Related Services
Family and Child Welfare
Cottage Industries
Adult Education,
Skill Development and Health
Housing
Water and Sanitation
Development in Rural/Urban Areas of Pakistan.
7. Cooperation and Community Development
Principles and Methods of Cooperation
History of Cooperative Movement in Pakistan
Role of Cooperative Societies in Community Development.
9. Community Development Programs in Underdeveloped Countries of Asia and Africa: India,
Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kenya, Thailand, Egypt and Philippines.
Field visits and Presentation of Report
Note:
Field visits of students shall focus on visiting community development projects in rural and urban areas.
These projects may be both government and non-government organizations (NGOs). The students shall be
required to submit field reports, which will be assessed as equivalent to 20 marks of the assignment by the
teacher Incharge.
Recommended Books
1. Blakely, Edward James. 1979. Community Development Research: Concepts, Issues, and
Strategies
2. Warburton, Diane. (1998). Community & Sustainable Development. London: Earthscan
Publications Ltd.
Suggested Books
1. Chambers, R., (1983), Rural development: Putting the Last First, London, Longman.
2. Chambers, R., (1992), Rural appraisal: Rapid, Relaxed and Participatory, Sussex, Institute of
development Studies.
3. Edwards, M. and Hulme, D. (eds.), (1992), Making a Difference: NGOs and development in a
Changing world.
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SOC-325 Social Statistics-II
The course provides a rigorous foundation in the principles of probability and mathematical statistics
underlying statistical inference in the field of economics and business. Special emphasis is given to the study of
parametric families of distributions, univariate as well as multivariate, and to basic asymptotic for sample
averages. This course is a prerequisite for the lecture Advanced Statistics II, which focuses on the methods of
statistical inference including parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. Furthermore, it provides the
foundation for the specialization courses in statistics and econometrics (Time Series Analysis, Statistics for
Financial Markets, Micro-econometrics, Multivariate Statistics, etc.).
Contents
1. Tests of Significance
Single Sample Tests involving Means & Proportions, Two Sample Tests: Difference of Means and
Proportions
2. Estimation
Point Estimation, Interval Estimation, Confidence Intervals and Test of Hypotheses
3. Non Parametric Tests
Chi Square Test, Other Non-parametric Tests: The Sign Test, The Median Test, The Mann Whitney Test
4. Correlation and Regression
Regression Analysis, Person’s Correlation Coefficient, Rank Order Correlation, Partial and Multiple
Correlation
5. The Analysis of Variance
One Way Analysis of Variance, Two Way Analysis of Variance
6. Developing Life Table
7. Computer Application: Introduction to SPSS
Recommended Books
1. Cramer, Duncan. 1994. Introducing Statistics for Social Research. Step-by-Step Calculations and
Computer Techniques Using SPSS. London: Routledge
2. Edward, Allen L. 1960. Statistical Methods for Behavioral Science. New York: Rinehart and
Company, Inc.
Suggested Books
1. Blalock Hubert. M. 1972. Social Statistics. Tokoyo: McGraw-Hill, Kogakusha, Ltd. (International
Students Edition)
2. Boniface, David R. 1995. Experiment Design and Statistical Methods. For Behavioral and Social
Research, London: Chapman & Hall
3. Elifson, Kirk W. 1990. Fundamentals of Social Statistics. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co.
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SOC-326 Sociology of Health and Medicine
This course offers an introduction to how sociological approaches to health, health care and medicine have
offered critical perspectives on understanding illness and suffering from subjective and structural perspectives.
There is an emphasis on understanding and comparing theoretical models of health, illness and healthcare so as
to be able to make a critical assessment of research. These theoretical approaches are emphasized for
qualitative and quantitative approaches alike, and explore different forms of research (evaluation research,
primary and secondary analysis, comparative research). In addition to a range of theoretical approaches,
different applications are covered, to show theories such as embodiment are applicable across cultural and
social settings. Critique of substantive research from theoretical perspectives and of theoretical formulations
and of their application to empirical material will be encouraged by means of the assessment strategy.
Contents
1. Medical Sociology, Defining Health, Contrasting ideas about Health and Social Behavior
2. Imagining Health Problems as Social Issues
Social Production and Social Construction of Health and Illness
Deconstructing Health and Illness
Major Sociological paradig SOC and health
3. Indigenous and Cosmopolitan Models of Health Care
Health Care: The Indigenous Version
Health Care: The Cosmopolitan Version
Towards Integration: Problems and Prospects
4. Social Roles of Care Seekers and Care Providers
Cultural Construction of Health and Illness
Indigenous Health System and Health Beliefs
Role of Indigenous Healer
Role of Cosmopolitan Doctor
5. Epidemiology
Epidemiological Measures
The Development of Epidemiology
The Complexity of Modem Ills: Coronary Heart Disease
Disease and Modernization
6. Models of Health
Medical Model
Bio-Psycho-Social Model
Human ecosystem Model
New Public Health
Primary Health Care
7. Social Stress
Symbolic Interaction: Cooley, Thomas, and Goffman
Functionalism: Durkheim
Stress
Social Factors and Stress
8. The Body, Medicine, and Society
Beliefs about Health and the Body
Medical Encounter, Power, and the Illness experience
Body Maintenance and the Disciplined Body
Distinctions between Bodies
9. The Sick Role
Illness as Deviance
Functionalist Approach to Deviance
The Sick Role
Criticism of the Sick Role
Labeling Theory
Sickness as Social Deviance
Being Sick and Disabled
10. Doctor-Patient Interaction
Models of Interaction
Misunderstandings in Communication
Cultural Differences in Communication
Patient Compliance
The Future of Doctor-Patient Relations
Doctor-Patient Relations and Technology
11. Hospitals
The Development of the Hospital as a Social Institution Hospitals in the United States
The Organization of the General Hospital
The Hospital-Patient Role
The Rising Cost of Hospitalization
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. David Tucket (Ed), An Introduction to Medical Sociology, London, Taritocl Publication, 1976.
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2. Moward E. Treaman at. AI. Handbook of Medical Sociology, Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall, Inc.
1963.
Suggested books
1. David, Mechanic, Medical Sociology, New York. The Free Press, 1960.
2. Moon, Graham (1995) Society and Health. An Introduction to Social Science for Health Professional.
London. Routledge.
3. Shah, Ilyas (1998) Community Medicine. Karachi.
SEMESTER VII
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SOC-411 Sociology of Peace and Conflict Studies
This course provides an advanced introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies, providing a broad overview of
the different approaches to the field, the global context and emerging trends. In particular, it considers different
theories about the causes of war and violence and the trends and patterns in violent conflict. It also examines
the historical evolution of thinking about peace and different approaches to the question of peace. Students will
also examine global efforts to restrain war and conflict through collective and common security, ethical and
legal restraints on war and institutions. Finally, the course will turn to specific practices and politics associated
with the pursuit of peace and management of war, looking at the ethics and laws of war the delivery of
humanitarian aid, and transitional justice. The course will illustrate these themes through engagement with
historical and contemporary cases including the major wars of the twentieth century and more recent armed
conflicts such as the civil wars in Syria and Iraq.
Contents
1. General Overviews: Sociology of Peace and War, Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies, War
and Possibilities of Peace
2. War and Violence: Explaining War and Violence, Cultures of Violence, Sociology of Violence and
Nonviolence, religious traditions violence and non-violence
3. Social Problems: Aggression, Psychology of Aggression, Social Conflict and War, Forms and Causes
of Conflict; Variations among Social Conflicts
4. Conflict and Conflict Management: Conflict management and resolution, Conflict theory,
5. Military Sociology: Militarism, Military Institutions and war, The Military and Society, War and the
Military, Civil-Military Relations, Militarism and Development in Underdeveloped Societies, History of
Revolutionary Warfare, the Case of the Pakistani Military,
6. Sociology of Terrorism and Genocide: Perspectives on the Holocaust and Genocide, Inequality and
Conflict, Gender and Conflict (Violence Against Women ),
7. Building Cultures of Peace in Pakistani Society: Race, Class and Gender, Nonviolence and Popular
Movements, Nonviolence and the Ethics of Social Action, Nonviolent Strategies and Conflict
Transformation,
8. Peace Rhetoric: Peace, Peace Building, peace enforcement, peace keeping,
9. Nonviolence in Literature and Media, Peacemakers: Nobel Peace Laureates and Social Action,
Reconciliation vs. Revenge: Transitional Justice;
Recommended Books
1. Kataria, P. 2007. Conflict Resolution, Peep and Deep Publications, New Delhi
2. Agarwal, P. 2006. South Asia: Peace Security, and Development, Kilaso Books, New Delhi
Suggested Books
1. Barak, Gregg. 2003. Violence & Nonviolence: Pathways to Understanding. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications.
2. Kurtz, L. and Turpin, J. (eds) 1999. Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace & Conflict, Academic Press,
London
3. Miller, Christopher E., Mary E. King 2005. A Glossary of Terms and Concepts in Peace
and Conflict Studies, University for Peace.
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SOC-412 Urban Sociology
This course is an introduction to urban sociology. We will explore several topics related to urbanization and
urbanism in this course, with a general focus on cities, and a spotlight on local neighborhoods and issues.
Topics include the history of urbanization and its impacts on cities today; ethnography and other methods for
studying urban social phenomena; theories about how cities are socially and spatially organized and how these
forms of organization are related; and how urban living affects social interaction. This is a writing intensive
course, and students will be required to write two course papers and conduct their own ethnographic
observations as part of their coursework.
Contents
1. Introduction
a. Definition of Basic Concepts
b. Urbanization and Urbanism, Community, Town, City, Metropolis and Megalopolis.
2. Urban Sociology
a. Scope and Field of Study
b. The Rise, and Decline of Cities
c. Origin of Urban Life
3. The Rise of Modern City
a. Growth of Cities
b. Factors in Urbanization and Urban Growth
c. Growth of Cities-planned Development.
4. Trends of Urbanization in Pakistan.
5. The Ecology of the City
a. Human Ecology-meaning and Relationship with Urban Sociology
b. Location of the City.
6. The Social Relations in the City
a. The Small Groups - Their Functions and Role Structure
b. The Urban Attitudes, Ideals and Values,
7. The Urban Economic System, Rest and Recreational Activities in the City.
8. The Disorganized Areas
a. Slums, Katchi Abadies and Their Development
b. Lack of Coordination in Various Social Systems in the City
c. Juvenile Delinquency and Street Crime in the City.
9. Main Social Problems
a. Problems of the Cities, Their Origin, Causative Factors and Remedial Measures.
10. Welfare Agencies in the City:
a. Their Structure and Functioning, Adjustment of migrants in the City, Town Planning, Social and
Welfare Planning, Meaning, Need and Scope, Planning and Development of the City, House
Planning, Neighborhood Planning, Voluntary Associations, The Future of the City.
Recommended Books:
1. Brenner, Neil & Roger Keil (ed.) (2006). The Global Cities Reader. Routledge, London & New York.
2. Parker, Simon (2004) Urban Theory and the Urban Experience Encountering the City. Routledge,
London
Suggested books
1. Fitzpatrick, Kevin, & Mark LaGory, (2000), Unhealthy Places: The Ecology of Risk in the Urban
Landscape, Routledge: London.
2.Gibbs, Jack P. (1961). Urban Research Methods. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co.
3.Gottdiener, M. & Leslie Budd (2005) Key concepts in Urban Studies. Sage, London.
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SOC-413 INTROUCTION TO STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES (SPSS)
This course provides an application-oriented introduction to the statistical component of SPSS Statistics.
Students will review several statistical techniques and discuss situations in which they would use each
technique, how to set up the analysis, as well as how to interpret the results. This includes a broad range of
techniques for exploring and summarizing data, as well as investigating and testing relationships. Students will
gain an understanding of when and why to use these various techniques as well as how to apply them with
confidence, interpret their output, and graphically display the results.
Contents
1. A Brief Introduction to SPSS
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Getting Help
1.3 Data Entry
1.3.1 The Data View Spreadsheet
1.3.2 The Variable View Spreadsheet
1.4 Storing and Retrieving Data Files
1.5 The Statistics Menus
1.5.1 Data File Handling
1.5.2 Generating New Variables
1.5.3 Running Statistical Procedures
1.5.4 Constructing Graphical Displays
1.6 The Output Viewer
1.7 The Chart Editor
1.8 Programming in SPSS
2. Data Description and Simple Inference for Continuous data: The Life spans of Rats and Ages at
Marriage in the U.S.
2.1 Description of Data
2.2 Methods of Analysis.
2.3 Analysis Using SPSS
2.3.1 Lifespans of Rats
2.3.2 Husbands and Wives
2.4 Exercises
2.4.1 Guessing the Width of a Lecture Hall
2.4.2 More on Lifespans of Rats: Significance Tests for Model
2.4.3 Motor Vehicle Theft in the U.S.
2.4.4 Anorexia Nervosa Therapy
2.4.5 More on Husbands and Wives: Exact Nonparametric Tests
© 2004 by Chapman & Hall/CRC Press LLC
3. Simple Inference for Categorical Data: From Belief in the Afterlife to the Death Penalty and Race
3.1 Description of Data
3.2 Methods of Analysis
3.3 Analysis Using SPSS
3.3.1 Husbands and Wives Revisited.
3.3.2 Lifespans of Rats Revisited
3.3.3 Belief in the Afterlife
3.3.4 Incidence of Suicidal Feelings
3.3.5 Oral Contraceptive Use and Blood Clots
3.3.6 Alcohol and Infant Malformation
3.3.7 Death Penalty Verdicts
3.4 Exercises
3.4.1 Depersonalization and Recovery from Depression
3.4.2 Drug Treatment of Psychiatric Patients: Exact Tests for
Two-Way Classifications
3.4.3 Tics and Gender
3.4.4 Hair Color and Eye Color
4. Multiple Linear Regression: Temperatures in America and Cleaning Cars
4.1 Description of Data
4.2 Multiple Linear Regression
4.3 Analysis Using SPSS
4.3.1 Cleaning Cars
4.3.2 Temperatures in America
4.4 Exercises.
4.4.1 Air Pollution in the U.S.
4.4.2 Body Fat
4.4.3 More on Cleaning Cars: Influence Diagnostics
5. Analysis of Variance I: One-Way Designs; Fecundity of Fruit Flies, Finger Tapping, and Female Social
Skills.
5.1 Description of Data
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5.2 Analysis of Variance.
5.3 Analysis Using SPSS
5.3.1 Fecundity of Fruit Flies .
5.3.2 Finger Tapping and Caffeine Consumption.
5.3.3 Social Skills of Females
5.4 Exercises.
5.4.1 Cortisol Levels in Psychotics: Kruskal-Wallis Test
5.4.2 Cycling and Knee-Joint Angles
5.4.3 More on Female Social Skills: Informal Assessment of
MANOVA Assumptions
© 2004 by Chapman & Hall/CRC Press LLC
6. Analysis of Variance II: Factorial Designs; Does Marijuana Slow You Down? And Do Slimming
Clinics Work?
6.1 Description of Data
6.2 Analysis of Variance
6.3 Analysis Using SPSS
6.3.1 Effects of Marijuana Use
6.3.2 Slimming Clinics
6.4 Exercises
6.4.1 Headache Treatments
6.4.2 Biofeedback and Hypertension
6.4.3 Cleaning Cars Revisited: Analysis of Covariance
6.4.4 More on Slimming Clinics
7. Analysis of Repeated Measures I: Analysis of Variance Type Models
7.1 Description of Data
7.2 Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance
7.3 Analysis Using SPSS
7.4 Exercises
7.4.1 More on the Reverse Stroop Task
7.4.2 Visual Acuity Data.
7.4.3 Blood Glucose Levels
8. Analysis of Repeated Measures II: Linear Mixed Effects Models; Computer Delivery of Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy
8.1 Description of Data
8.2 Linear Mixed Effects Models
8.3 Analysis Using SPSS
8.4 Exercises
8.4.1 Salsolinol Levels and Alcohol Dependency
8.4.2 Estrogen Treatment for Post-Natal Depression
8.4.3 More on “Beating the Blues”: Checking the Model for
the Correlation Structure
9. Logistic Regression: Who Survived the Sinking of the Titanic?
9.1 Description of Data
9.2 Logistic Regression
9.3 Analysis Using SPSS
9.4 Exercises
9.4.1 More on the Titanic Survivor Data
9.4.2 GHQ Scores and Psychiatric Diagnosis
9.4.3 Death Penalty Verdicts Revisited
© 2004 by Chapman & Hall/CRC Press LLC
10. Survival Analysis: Sexual Milestones in Women and Field Dependency of Children.
10.1 Description of Data
10.2 Survival Analysis and Cox’s Regression
10.3 Analysis Using SPSS
10.3.1 Sexual Milestone Times
10.3.2 WISC Task Completion Times
10.4 Exercises
10.4.1 Gastric Cancer
10.4.2 Heroin Addicts
10.4.3 More on Sexual Milestones of Females
11. Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis: Crime in the U.S. and AIDS Patients’ Evaluations
of Their Clinicians
11.1 Description of Data
11.2 Principal Component and Factor Analysis
11.2.1 Principal Component Analysis
11.2.2 Factor Analysis
11.2.3 Factor Analysis and Principal Components Compared
11.3 Analysis Using SPSS
11.3.1 Crime in the U.S.
11.3.2 AIDS Patients’ Evaluations of Their Clinicians
11.4 Exercises
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11.4.1 Air Pollution in the U.S.
11.4.2 More on AIDS Patients’ Evaluations of Their Clinicians:
Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis
12. Classification: Cluster Analysis &Discriminant Function Analysis; Tibetan Skulls
12.1 Description of Data
12.2 Classification: Discrimination and Clustering
12.3 Analysis Using SPSS
12.3.1 Tibetan Skulls: Deriving a Classification Rule.
12.3.2 Tibetan Skulls: Uncovering Groups.
12.4 Exercises
12.4.1 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
12.4.2 Nutrients in Food Data
12.4.3 More on Tibetan Skulls
Recommended Books:
1. Agresti, A. (1996) Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis. New York: Wiley.
Suggested books
1. Aitkin, M. (1978) The analysis of unbalanced cross-classifications (with discussion). Journal of the
Royal Statistical Society.
2. Altman, D. G. (1991) Practical Statistics for Medical Research. London: Chapman & Hall.
3. Altman, D. G. (1998) Categorizing continuous variables. In Encyclopedia of Biostatistics Volume 1 (P.
Armitage and T. Colton, Eds.). Chichester: Wiley.
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SEMESTER VIII
SOC-421 Qualitative Research Methods
In this course, students will learn to investigate the social world using a variety of qualitative approaches, such
as in-depth interviewing, observation, or content analysis. Students will explore the principles underlying
qualitative inquiry and acquire a general understanding of the theoretical positions that underlie qualitative
methodology. Through lectures, readings, guest presentations, and hands-on research activities, students will
explore different ways of investigating the social world in a scientific but non-statistical way that gives voice to
the people we are studying. The ultimate goal is to let students experience the ways that qualitative sociologists
do research. We will therefore emphasize applied aspects of qualitative research.
Contents
1. What is Qualitative Research?
Varieties of quantitative research, Criticisms of quantitative research, Varieties of qualitative research,
Criticisms of qualitative research, Conclusion, Summary
2. Tools/Techniques
Interviews, Ethnographies, Texts, Audiotapes, Videotapes, Multiple methods, Summary
3. Selecting a Topic
Simplistic inductivism, The ‘kitchen sink’ gambit, Grand theory, Strategies for kitchen-sinkers, Strategies
for grand theorists, Concluding remarks, Summary
4. Theory in Qualitative Research
What is theory? , Theories, models and hypotheses, Generalizations and theory building, How to theorize
about data, Conclusion, Summary
5. Choosing a Methodology
A case study: HIV Counseling, Multiple Methods, Concluding remarks, Summary
6. Selecting a Case
Generalizability in qualitative research, Combining qualitative research with quantitative measures of
populations, Purposive sampling, Theoretical sampling, Generalizability as present in a single case,
Concluding remarks, Summary
7. Beginning Data Analysis
Kick-starting your analysis, Interviews, Field notes, Texts, Transcripts, Concluding remarks, Summary
8. Developing Data Analysis
A case study: observing heart clinics, Field notes and data analysis, Transcripts and data analysis,
Concluding remarks, Summary
9. Using Computers to Analyze Qualitative Data
Clive Seale, Advantages of CAQDAS, Limitations and disadvantages, Mainstream packages:,
ETHNOGRAPH, NUD.IST AND ATLAS, Theory building with CAQDAS, Hyperlinks to postmodern
readings of text, Summary
10. X Validity and Reliability
Validity, Reliability, Conclusion, Summary
Recommended Books:
1. Uwe Flick, (2008) Designing Qualitative Research. Sage Publications New Delhi;
2. Juliet Corbin & Anselm C Strauss, Basics of Qualitative Research (Third Edition) (2008) Sage
Publications New Delhi;
Recommended Books
1. Neuman, W. Lawrence (2000). “Social Research Methods”. New York: Allyn & Bacon.
2. Babbie, Earl (2005). “The Practice of Social Research”. Belmont, California: Wordsworth.
3. Norman K Denzin & Yvonnal Lincoin, (2008) Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Materials Sage
Publications New Delhi;
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SOC-422 THESIS
The thesis is a key component of the BS program. During their final year of study, BS students write a thesis
and present it before their peers and faculty in a department seminar. Because this degree is the prerequisite for
graduate work in sociology, and because it is our highest degree, we expect the thesis to be of substance. To
prepare thesis, students will work with an advisor to define an area of special investigation where you can
demonstrate your ability to think sociologically. The thesis provides an opportunity for the students to explore
in greater depth some aspect of sociology that particularly interests of students.
1. Field Research and Report
2. Viva Voce
SOC-423 INTERNSHIP
1. Field work & Report
2. Viva Voce
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SOC-414 Sociology of Globalization
This course addresses these and other questions through an examination of the diverse, intersecting dimensions
of globalization, from the economic and political to the social and cultural. The course grounds these
dimensions in the history of capitalist development and change, providing a framework for students to
understand the processes and consequences that shape aspects of globalization. We consider the relationships
between macro and micro changes shaped by globalization, from the changing nature of states and corporations
to questions of culture and consumption. We ground globalization with the study of they ways it directly
affects peoples’ lives on the ground around the world.
Contents
1. Introduction and Overview of Sociology of Globalization
a. Sociology of globalization, globalization: myth or reality;
b. Characteristics of globalization, globalization, modernization & Europeanization;
c. Globalization and cultural leveling.
2. Theories of globalization
a. Global stratification, global inequalities, globalization and local identity.
3. The Rise of Globalization
a. The Second Globalization: Creating the Post-War Political-Economic Order
b. The Rise of Neo-liberalism
4. Globalization and Corporations
a. X-HOUR: From Bureaucracy to Networks
b. Corporate Governance and Strategy
c. Multinational Corporations
5. Political Globalization
a. Global Politics, Governance, Transnational State, etc.
b. Power and Transnational Politics
c. Emergence of Global Classes, Local Actors in Global Politics.
6. Technology and globalization, global economy and the digital networks.
7. Globalization and Workers
a. Changes in Work
b. Social Inequality
c. Training for Global Competition
8. Globalization and the State
a. Welfare Reform
b. Tax Reform
c. Regulatory Reform
9. Globalization and Culture
10. Transnational Social Movements, Transnational Civil Society, Globalization and the Environment
11. Globalization and Race/Ethnicity, Transnational Migrations, Transnational Communities,
Transnationalism.
12. Globalization and Women/Gender
13. Globalization, Resistance, Hegemonies and Counter hegemonies, Alternative Futures
14. The Global village: Recovering Place and Social Practices.
15. The Making of International Migrations – WTO
16. Globalization and Social Institution
Recommended Books:
1. Sassen, Saskia. 2007. A Sociology of Globalization
2. Roland Robertson, Kathleen E. White. 2003. Globalization: Critical Concepts in Sociology
Suggested Books
1. Ellwood,w.(2001) The no-nonsense guide to Globalization
2. Janoski, Thomas. 2005. The Handbook of Political Sociology: States, Civil Societies, and
Globalization
3. Nash, Kate Contemporary Political Sociology: Globalization, Politics, and Power
SOC-415 Industrial Sociology
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Industrial sociology concerns itself with two basic characteristics of industry and the workplace. It examines
the production of goods and services in society, and specifically the nature of the social relations involved in
the production process. These social relations may be of a harmonious nature, or they may create conditions of
conflict. The second element is the analysis of the tasks that individuals perform in the workplace to see if
these tasks provide for the satisfaction of human needs. Understanding the industrial arena from the
sociological concept is a major advantage for anyone interested in the workforce.
Contents
1. Introduction
Sociology and industrial
2.Basic terms
Work, occupation’ industry, organization, factory, and management.
3. Industrialization
Antecedent of industrialization in west.
4.Process of industrialization
Theories of industrialization
5.Formal organization
Bureaucracy, Trade union, and theories of unionism.
6. Work ethics in Islam
Division of labor, Work ethics, Distribution of wealth,
7. Industry and sociology
Industry and social change
8. Industrialization in Pakistan
Historical view of industrial development, Problems and prospects of industrialization in sociological
perspective, Industrial relationship in Pakistan.
9.Trade unionism in Pakistan
Labor movement, Trade unionism, Union leadership and collective garaging.
10. Labour policies in Pakistan
Historical perspective, Analysis of current prices.
Practical
The students will visit different industries to study human relating in industry. The will meet the employer
and employees to discuss their problems and submit a comprehensive report.
Recommended Books
1. Theobland. (1994). Understanding Industrial society: A sociological guide. St Merton ’Press, New
York.
Suggested Books
1. Heath, Christian, luff Pual(2000) Technology in action, Cambridge University Press.
2. Hall, R.H,(1995) Organization: Structure, Process and Outcomes, Prentice Hall, California.
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SOC-416 Sociology of Religion
The study of religion from a sociological perspective is the study of religious practices, customs, beliefs, and
rituals in the context of social structures such as religious institutions, politics, education, community, and
family. In this class students will learn about the dialectical processes by which religion affects societies and
societies affect religion. The course will introduce students to classic and contemporary theorists and
approaches to the sociological study of religion. Through the use of case studies students will learn about the
benefits and challenges of using sociological methods such as survey research, case studies, and ethnography.
Students will approach the sociological study of religion from the perspectives of popular culture, media,
gender, sexuality, and immigration, among other topics. Given the increasingly diverse and multicultural
landscape of the United States, students will learn how race/ethnicity, class, gender, and sexuality interlock and
shape the ways we interpret, understand, and live out our religious worlds.
Contents
1. Introduction
Definition, Elements of religion
2. Theories of religion
Sociological, Psycho-analytical, Evolutionary
3. Sociological consequences
The sociological functions of religion ,Universal order of religion Pragmatism in religion, Integrating
power of religion, Religion and social ideals
4. Sociological analysis of world religions systems
Judaism, Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism
5. Types of religious authority
The prophet, Clergy/organization of religious groups, The reformer, The saint/priest/moulvi, The magician
6. Religion as agency of social control
Recommended Books
1. Evan, Prithard E.F. (1965). Theories of Primitive Religions. Oxford: Claneolan Press.
2. Vernon, Glenn M. (1962). Sociology of Religion. New York: MacGraw-Hill.
Suggested Boooks
1. Schneider, Louis (1970). Sociological Approach to Religion. New York: Wiley and Sons.
2. Schneider, Louis (1964). Religion, Culture and Society: a reader in the sociology of religion. New
York: John Wiley and Sons.
3. Johnstone, Ronald L. (1975). Religion and Society in Interaction: the sociology of religion. New Jersy:
Prentice-Hall.
SOC-417 Sociology of Family and Marriage
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This course addresses the institution of family in terms of the nature and functioning of family and the social
context of family. It examines the diversity of families in the Pakistani and other societies, conceptualizing the
institution of family through a variety of sociological perspectives and theories. Research is presented that
illuminates the nature of family and the ways in which families are influenced by social context and social
change, and, in turn, the ways in which changes in family composition, roles, and relations influence society
and social change. The changing nature of family and the relationship between family, ethnicity, and class are
important subjects of study. Related topics include dating, marriage, cohabitation, divorce, childbearing,
parenting, child development, family violence, love, intimacy, sexuality and aging.
Contents
1. Family organization
Definition and types, Formation, Patterns and functions, Descent and social form, Family as a social
system, Variations in family organization: the conjugal family, matrilineal and matrilocal, patriarchal, and
matriarchal, exogamous and endogamous, nuclear, joint and extended families,
The family and household economy, Forms of marriage
2. Gender disparity
Gender role and status/division of labour, Gender based differential treatment
3. Family and personality development
Family as an agency of socialization, Inheritance, Physical surroundings, norms and values, Psychological
elements/factors
4. Factors affecting personality development
Early and present influence moulding personality of family members, Husband-wife, parent-child, and
siblings' relationship, Development of beliefs and attitudes, individual and family differences, System of
discipline, rewards and punishments, Values, norms, customs, traditions and rituals
3. The family in different cultures
Pakistani, Western, Indian
6. Marriage
Definition, forms and functions, Marriage in agricultural and industrial societies, Role of husband and wife
expectations and obligations, Family law ordinance, Theories of mate selection
7. Problems of family and marriage
Family disorganization, Mobility and family, Delinquency and truancy, Family Crisis: death, disease,
accidents, unemployment, disability, divorce, and desertion, Families with excess of children or without
children, Superstitions and resistance to change, Family conflicts and accommodation
8. Family and social development
Social change and family, Urban vs. rural family, Family welfare services, Family and marriage council,
Adopting of children
Recommended Books
1. Barber, Bernard (1973). Family and Kinship in Modern society. Glenview, Illinois: Scot, Foresman and
Co.
2. Bell, Norman W. and Ezra F. Vogal (1968). A Modern Introduction to the Family. New York: The Free
Press.
Suggested Books
1. Bell, R.R. (1975). Marriage and Family Interaction. Homewood, Illionois: The Dorsey Press.
2. Goode, William J. (1964). The Family. New Jersy: Prentice Hall, Inc.
3. Khan, Nighat Said (1994). Locating the Self: Perspectives on women and multiple identities. Lahore:
ASR Publications.
SOC-418 Sociology of Education
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This course is designed for BS Sociology or undergraduate students. The course is set up to enable the
students to gain educational skills towards understanding the social influences on the educational
system. It exposes the students to the idea of education as a social phenomenon and leads the students to the
concept of society, sociology, sociology of education, socialization, social institutions, sociological
theories, role of education in society, cultural context of educational system, issues of education and
social stratification, social criticism of trends in modern education and Educational Innovation and
reforms. The course also explores the relationship between education and development as well as the
critical issues surrounding their relationship.
Contents
1. Introduction
The concept of education, Origin and development of education
2. Institutional fabric of education
Education and religion, Education and polity, Education and economy, Education and social mobility
3. Forms of education
Formal, Non-formal, Informal
4. Contemporary education system
Semester, Annual
5. Education in Pakistan
Educational statistics, Education policy and reforms, Private and public sectors of education, Education
problems, Quality of education, Investment in education, Access to education, Teachers’ training,
Dropouts and wastage, Students’ problems
Recommended Books
1. Ballantine, Jeanne H. (1993). The Sociology of Education: A Systematic Analysis. New Gersy:
Prentice Hall.
2. Banks, Olive (1971). The Sociology of Education. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd.
Suggested Books
1. Best, Jhon W. (1992). Research in Education. New Dlhi: Prentice Hall.
2. Brubacher, L.S. (1970). Modern Philosophies of Education. New
Delhi: Macgraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
3. Cosin, B.R. and others (latest ed.). School and Society: A Sociological
Reader. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
SOC- 419 Political Sociology
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Political Sociology studies the relationship between society and politics, and can be seen as the intersection of
political science and sociology. It is that branch of sociology which is concerned with the nature and
distribution of power in a society. In this course, we will explore the definition, origin, and development of
political sociology as well as its founders and theoretical traditions (e.g., Marxist, Weberian, and Durkheimian
traditions) and selected topics that are strongly relevant to our globalized and complex world such as political
participation, citizenship, social movements, political parties, class politics, voting, causes and effects of
welfare states, and suicide terrorism or suicide bombing.
Contents
1. Meanings and scope of political sociology.
2. The study of social and political behavior.
3. Social classification-social stratification: status power, symbols
4. Political Socialization, Role of family, Tribe, Race, Education and Religion.
5. Political communication: Information media, press, modes of political communication and control.
6. Rural urban cultural patterns: Socio-political sociology.
7. Public opinion: nature, formation, role, measurement of public opinion.
8. Individual and collective political behavior; Determinants-modes, including anomic political behavior.
Recommended Books
1. Michael Rush and Philip Althoff. An introduction to Political Sociology.
2. W.G. Runciaman, Social Science and Political Theory.
Suggested books
1. Oran R. Young. System of Political Science.
2. Karl W. Deutsch. The nerves of Government: Models of Political communication and control.
3. Anthony M. Oreen, Introduction ot political sociology.
SOC-424 Local Government Systems & Rural Development In Pakistan
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The course is targeted towards mature learners seeking a third level qualification with an interest in rural
affairs and community development, as well as Rural Enterprise managers and entrepreneurs, Enterprise
support and Local authority staff, and Rural and Community Development activists seeking continuing
professional development opportunities. The course will cover Government structures (central and local
government and/or decentralization) and rural development planning, economic planning theory and practice,
Policy analysis for development planning (e.g. Resource identification and mobilization) for local development
in Pakistan, Decentralization and community participation.
Content
1. Areas of Rural development
Agriculture, Health, Education, Home economics Co-operatives
2. The choice of an appropriate development strategy
Industrial development in rural areas, Increase in agriculture production, Increase in GNP
3. Participatory strategies
Prefer large farmers, Encourage small and medium farmers, Include farmers in development process
4. Basic need strategy
Nutritional improvement and development of rural peole
5. Meaning of institutions
Coordination among different institutions, the principle of self sufficiency of an institution
6. Rural development
7. Local self government
Local government, Features, Objectives, Strategies
8. Development plan
Objectives, Strategies
Practical:
The students are required to visit rural areas and collect information regarding areas of rural development
under the local government system and submit report.
Recommended Books
1. Jamil, M.M. 1996. Local Government in LDCs. Feroze Sons, Lahore.
2. Berger, Guy. 1992. social Structure and rural development in Third Worlad. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge.
Suggested Books
1. Tariq Banoori, A.R. Kamal, Shahrukh,R.K. 1998. Just Development. Oxford University Press,
Karachi.
2. Ali, Hamid and Z. Ali, 1998. The Local Government Manual. The Ideal Publication, Karachi.
SOC-425 Rural Sociology
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The Rural Sociology focuses on environmental well-being, sustainable development of natural resources,
social and community quality of life, and diffusion and impacts of technologies. The course provides expertise
for students to focus on agriculture and the environment or social change and development. Since Pakistan and
the rest of the world lives in a largely rural environment, the issues affecting the country are therefore affecting
mainly rural population. Issues affecting food security, population, poverty, social change and many others can
be tackled by tacking rural problems hence it is important for the society to review the rural populace to help
the rest of its population. This course is intended to better acquaint you with rural society through the study of
rural sociology. A central premise is that a better understanding and appreciation of the Nation’s rural roots and
of ongoing changes in rural Pakistan will facilitate a more rounded perspective on the problems and
opportunities facing the nation as a whole.
Contents
1. Introduction to Rural Sociology
a. Rural Sociology as a Science
b. Rural Sociology and Other Social Sciences.
2. Basic Concepts and Processes
a. An understanding of the Rural Social System
b. Caste and "baradari" structure
c. Fractions, dispute and "We-groups".
3. Problems of small and fragmented holding
a. Landless tenants and agricultural labor.
4. Social stratification and social differentiation
b. Basic Concepts and action:
c. Group, Role and Status, Norms and Values, Folkways and Mores
d. Social Systems and Sub-systems
e. Rural Culture, Social Processes in Rural Society,
5. Rural Social Institutions, Technology and Rural Society.
6. Social Change and Rural Society
a. Rural Settlement
b. Small scale farming
c. Feudalism, Capitalism, Family farming
d. Agrarian politics and village development,
7. Relationship between technological and socio economic aspect of rural society.
a. Gender and Development
b. Role and status of Rural Woman
c. Pattern of Rural Settlement
8. Rural Resources
a. Land Tenure System, size of landholdings.
a. Rural Social structure, provision of services in rural area; health, education and sanitation
etc.
Recommended Books
1. Chitamber, J.B. "(2003)"Introductory Rural Sociology, 2nd Edition, New Age
International (P) Limited Publisher, New Delhi.
2. Chitamber, J.B. (1975), An Introduction to Rural Sociology, New Delhi Balley Eastern Ltd.
Suggested Books
1. Dalal, B. (2003). Rural Planning in Developing Countries, New Delhi, Earthscan.
2. Doshi, Shambhu Lal, Prakash Chandra Jain. 1999 - Rural Sociology
3. Kolb. John. H.L. (1989), A Study of Rural Sociology (4th Edition) Houghton Mifflin.
SOC-426 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
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This course reflects the major contemporary trends in corporate citizenship, social and environmental
responsibility and accountability. Communities and governments now require organizations to be responsible
and accountable for their performance in relation to their social and environmental responsibilities, and these
responsibilities have increasingly formed part of organizations’ ethical values and strategic agendas. This
course will include consideration of the enlarged spectrum of corporate stakeholders; corporate social
responsibilities, citizenship and reputation; business-government relationships and political environmental
management; sustainable development; environmental management and accountability; social investing and
corporate philanthropy; community and employee relationships; and public affairs and media management.
Accordingly, this course focuses on understanding and implementing enhanced organizational performance
that includes social, environmental and ethical performance indicators in addition to the traditional financial
performance indicators.
Contents
1. Why Should We Care?
Corporate Social Responsibility means, The value proposition of Corporate Social Responsibility
2. What is CSR and Where are We Now?
Definitions, capital market influences, rating organizations, recent studies, CSR competencies,
Emerging guidelines
3. Who are the Stakeholders and What are Their Needs?
Governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), The voiceless stakeholders, Geo-political
influences
4. What are the enablers?
Corporate governance, Enterprise risk management, Guidance from many constituencies, Linkage to
internal audit standards
5. What is the Triple Bottom Line?
Economic viability, Environmental soundness, Social responsibility
6. How is Organizations Approaching?
Climate change challenges, Environmental health and safety concerns, Supply chain issues, Social
responsibilities
7. How do you manage the reporting and assurance issues?
Reporting challenges, dos and don'ts, Assurance emerging practices
8. What is the Appropriate Role for Internal Audit?
Competencies required
Recommended Books
1. David Vogel - Business & Economics – 2005. The Market for Virtue: The Potential and Limits
Of Corporate Social.
2. Jan Jonker, Marinus Cornelis de Witte, Marco de Witte 2006.Management Models for
Corporate Social Responsibility -
Suggested Books
1. Muhammad Yunus, Karl Weber. 2008. Creating a World Without Poverty: Social Business and the
Future of Capitalism
2. Philip Kotler, Nancy Lee. 2005. Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing the Most Good for Your
Company and Steve Kent May, George Cheney, Juliet Roper -2007. The Debate over Corporate
Social Responsibility
3. William B. Werther, David Chandler 2006. Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility: Stakeholders
in a Global Environment
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SOC-427 Sociology of Human Rights
This course is an introduction to the sociology of human rights. It will enable students to understand major
sociological debates surrounding the topic, mainly how human rights became part of social expectation, how
they vary in socio-cultural space, and how they are distributed across different categories of people. It will
enable them to think critically about human rights issues in a global world. The focus will be on the role of
non-state actors, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, multi-national companies and the
media, in both promoting and violating human rights.
Contents
1. Conceptual framework of human rights
Definition and nature, Theories of human rights,
2. Classification of human rights
Collective rights, Ethnic minority Rights, Fundamental rights
3. Legal and moral basis of human rights in Islam
4. Selected human rights problems
Privacy, Women rights, Rights of children, Prisoners’ rights, Labour rights
5. Role of NGOs and their contribution
NGOs: nature and scope, Major human rights NGOs: Amnesty International, Asia Watch
6. Scenario of human rights in developed and developing nations
Recommended Books
1. A.H. Robertson, J.G. Merrils (1989). Human Rights in the World. Manchester University Press.
2. Antonio Cassese (1990). Human Rights in the Changing World. Policy Press.
Suggested Books
1. David Louis Gingranelli (1988). Human Rights Theory and Measurement. Machmillan Press, Policy
Study Organization.
2. Adamantia Pollis and Peter Schwab (1990). Human Rights: Cultural and Ideological Perspectives.
London: Preager Publishers, Special Studies
3. Attracta Ingram (1994). A Political Theory of Rights. New York: Clarendon P. Press, Oxford.
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SOC-428 SOCIAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE
This course covers a wide range of topics, from the norms and values informing democratic policymaking to
the basics of cost-benefit and other tools of policy analysis. Though emphases will differ based on instructor
strengths, all sections will address the institutional arrangements for making public policy decisions, the role of
various actors-including nonprofit and private-sector professionals-in shaping policy outcomes, and the
fundamentals (and limits) of analytic approaches to public policy.
1. Globalization and Social Policy .Understanding the connections..
Globalization: the international dimensions of social policy analysis. The five-fold impact of globalization:
new global actors, welfare state competition, global welfare discourse, migration and citizenship, global
private welfare providers. Analytical approaches to understanding global social policy: history
(imperialism), structure, actors, ideas, and institutions.
Global Social Policy Discourse: From Safety Nets to Universalism?
The Social Policy of Global Actors, The rise of the global politics of poverty alleviation, The Washington
Consensus and structural adjustment. The World Bank, IMF, WTO versus the UN social agencies, and
other global social actors. Current discourse of universal social protection and alike issues of the
globalization will also be discussed.
2. Global prescriptions for national pension and health policy for countries.
This session will compare and contrast the World Bank and the ILO in terms of their ideas about and
influence upon the social protection policy of countries over the past fifty years and review the range of
global actors currently influencing directly or indirectly the health service policies of countries.
Students will be allocated in advance to make an assessed presentation on these two topics.
3. Global Social Policy: Supranational Redistribution, Regulation and Rights.
This session will describe and analyze “Global Funds and Transfers”, “Global Compacts, labor and social
standards and socially responsible business”, and “Global Social Rights”. The prospects for and obstacles
to a global social reformist project will be analyzed. Students will be allocated in advance to make an
assessed presentation on these three topics.
4. Global Social Governance and its reform.
Here we will review the global social governance “system” of institutional fragmentation and competition
and consider both radical and viable Global Social Governance Reforms.
5. World Regional Social Policy
This session addresses the viability of the alternative scenario for global governance reform, that of world
regionalism with a social dimension. Progress in selected world regions: ASEAN, MERCOSUR, SADC,
SAARC. Current social policy discourses and practices in world regions. South-South collaboration and
lesson leaning as the future for “global” social policy?
Recommended Books
1. Deacon, B 2007 Global Social Policy and Governance Sage, London
2. Yeates N 2008 Understanding Global Social policy, Bristol, Policy Press.
Suggested Books
1. Yeates, N and Holden C (2009) The Global Social Policy Reader, Policy Press.
2. The Global Social Policy journal and its GSP Digest.
3. Deacon, B et al (2010) World Regional Social Policy and Global Governance, Routledge .
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SOC-429 SOCIOLOGY OF AGING
This course examines aging from a sociological viewpoint, emphasizing the social aspects of aging.
Theoretical perspectives and research approaches will be considered in relation to a variety of subject areas,
including: health, living arrangements, family relationships, informal and formal support, and work and
retirement. The course presents a profile of older population, examines trends related to an aging population,
and explores the experience of aging from the vantage points of older persons and of society. A life course
perspective that focuses on aging as a social process is encouraged. Students will explore family ties and aging
in greater depth and will consider the link between family life and other facets of social life in later life. The
implications of an aging society and of research for social policy will be considered in relation to all core
topics.
Contents
1. Introduction to sociology of aging
2. Social theories of aging
3. Cross cultural issue of aging
4. Addressing elders at risk
5. Social supports in older adulthood
6. Economics of aging
7. Inequalities in aging
8. Interventions to promote social integration
9. Social and institutional policies that affect older adults
Recommended books:
1. Matcha, Duane. Sociology of Aging. A Social Problems Perspective. Allyn and Bacon 1997
Suggested books
2. Stoller and Gibson. World of Differences Inequality in the Aging Experience. Pine Forge 1994
3. Schulz, James. The Economics of Aging, 7th Edition. Auborn House Publishing, 2001