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Contents
1. The Air interface
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
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Contents
1. The Air interface
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
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Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE1.7 Principles of OFDM
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Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE1.7 Principles of OFDM
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Evolution of Cellular Networks
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2.5G and 2.75G GSM/GPRS
Systems
System Service Theoretical DataRate
Typical Data Rate
2G GSM Circuit SwitchedData Service
9.6kbit/s or14.4kbit/s
9.6kbit/s or14.4kbit/s
2.5G GPRS Packet SwitchedData
171.2kbit/s 4kbit/s to 50kbit/s
2.75G EDGE Packet SwitchedData
473.6kbit/s 120kbit/s
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Third Generation Mobile Systems
UMTSTD-CDMA
TD-SCDMA
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Fourth Generation Mobile Systems
WiMAX802.16m
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3GPP Releases
GPRS171.2kbit/s
Phase 2+(Release 97)
EDGE473.6kbit/sRelease 99
UMTS2Mbit/s
Release 99
HSDPA14.4Mbit/sRelease 5
HSUPA5.76Mbit/s
Release 6
HSPA+28.8Mbit/s42Mbit/s
Release 7/8
LTE+300Mbit/s
Release 8
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Release 5 - HSDPA
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Release 6 - HSUPA
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Release 7 - HSPA+
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Release 8 - HSPA+ and LTE
UE
UTRAN
RNCNode B
Iub
eNB
E-UTRAN
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Release 9 and Beyond
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Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE1.7 Principles of OFDM
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Radio Interface Techniques
TDMA CDMA
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Frequency Division Multiple Access
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Time Division Multiple Access
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Code Division Multiple Access
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Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE1.7 Principles of OFDM
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Transmission Modes
Time Division Duplex
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Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE1.7 Principles of OFDM
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GSM Bands
Operating Band FrequencyBand
Uplink Frequency(MHz)
DownlinkFrequency (MHz)
GSM 400 450 450.4 - 457.6 460.4 - 467.6
GSM 400 480 478.8 - 486.0 488.8 - 496.0
GSM 850 850 824.0 - 849.0 869.0 - 894.0
GSM 900 (P-GSM) 900 890.0 - 915.0 935.0 - 960.0
GSM 900 (E-GSM) 900 880.0 - 915.0 925.0 - 960.0
GSM-R (R-GSM) 900 876.0 - 880.0 921.0 - 925.0
DCS 1800 1800 1710.0 - 1785.0 1805.0 - 1880.0
PCS 1900 1900 1850.0 - 1910.0 1930.0 - 1990.0
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UMTS TDD Frequency Bands
Frequency Band
1900 - 1920
2010 - 2025
1850 - 1910
1930 - 1990
1910 - 1930
2570 - 2620
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LTE Release 8 BandsBand Duplex F DL_low
(MHz)
FDL_high
(MHz)
N Offs-DL NDL FUL_low
(MHz)
FUL_high
(MHz)
NOffs-UL N UL
1 FDD 2110 2170 0 0-599 1920 1980 18000 18000-185992 FDD 1930 1990 600 600-1199 1850 1910 18600 18600-191993 FDD 1805 1880 1200 1200-1949 1710 1785 19200 19200-199494 FDD 2110 2155 1950 1950-2399 1710 1755 19950 19950-203995 FDD 869 894 2400 2400-2649 824 849 20400 20400-206496 FDD 875 885 2650 2650-2749 830 840 20650 20650-207497 FDD 2620 2690 2750 2750-3449 2500 2570 20750 20750-214498 FDD 925 960 3450 3450-3799 880 915 21450 21450-21799
9 FDD 1844.9 1879.9 3800 3800-4149 1749.9 1784.9 21800 21800-2214910 FDD 2110 2170 4150 4150-4749 1710 1770 22150 22150-2274911 FDD 1475.9 1500.9 4750 4750-4999 1427.9 1452.9 22750 22750-2299912 FDD 728 746 5000 5000-5179 698 716 23000 23000-2317913 FDD 746 756 5180 5180-5279 777 787 23180 23180-2327914 FDD 758 768 5280 5280-5379 788 798 23280 23280-23379
17 FDD 734 746 5730 5730-5849 704 716 23730 23730-23849
33 TDD 1900 1920 36000 36000-36199 1900 1920 36000 36000-3619934 TDD 2010 2025 36200 36200-36349 2010 2025 36200 36200-36349
35 TDD 1850 1910 36350 36350-36949 1850 1910 36350 36350-3694936 TDD 1930 1990 36950 36950-37549 1930 1990 36950 36950-3754937 TDD 1910 1930 37550 37550-37749 1910 1930 37550 37550-3774938 TDD 2570 2620 37750 37750-38249 2570 2620 37750 37750-3824939 TDD 1880 1920 38250 38250-38649 1880 1920 38250 38250-3864940 TDD 2300 2400 38650 38650-39649 2300 2400 38650 38650-39649
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Carrier Frequency EARFCN
Calculation
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Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE1.7 Principles of OFDM
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Transport Block CRC
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CRC Parity Bits
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Code Block Segmentation and CRCAttachment
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Example
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Channel Coding Transport Channel Coding Options
Transport Channel Coding Method Rate
DL-SCH
Turbo Coding 1/3UL-SCH
PCH
MCH
BCH Tail Biting Convolutional Coding 1/3
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Channel CodingControl Information Coding Options
Control Information Coding Method Rate
DCI Tail Biting Convolutional Coding 1/3
CFI Block Code 1/16
HI Repetition Code 1/3
UCI Block Code Variable
Tail Biting Convolutional Coding 1/3
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Repetition Coding
1
1 1 1
ACK
RepetitionCoding
Orthogonal sequences
0 0 0
0
NACK
Orthogonal sequences
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Block Coding
CFI CFI Codeword < b 0 , b1 , , b 31 >
1
2
3
4 (Reserved)
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Convolutional Encoding Rate Convolutional Encoder
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Convolutional Coding Example
Input S1 S2 G 0 G 1
0 0 0 0 01 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 1
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Coding Comparison Chart
Standard Convolutional Coding Tail Biting Convolutional Coding
Initializes the shift register with zeros. Initializes the shift register with the last bits
of the stream, i.e. zeros are not added forinitialization.
Padded with zeros. The shift register finishes, such that the last bits of input are the same as what was usedto initialize the shift registers.
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Initializing Tail Biting ConvolutionalEncoding
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LTE 1/3 Rate Tail BitingConvolutional Coding
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LTE Turbo Coding
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Rate Matching
d k (1)
d k (0)
d k
(2)
Sub-blockInterleaver
Sub-blockInterleaver
Sub-block
Interleaver
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LTE Sub-block Interleaver
Number of Columns Inter-column Permutation Pattern
32 < 0, 16, 8, 24, 4, 20, 12, 28, 2, 18, 10, 26, 6,22, 14, 30, 1, 17, 9, 25, 5, 21, 13, 29, 3, 19,11, 27, 7, 23, 15, 31 >
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Code Block Concatenation
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Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE
1.7 Principles of OFDM
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Principles of OFDM
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OFDM Subcarriers
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Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
SubcarrierModulation
IFFT
Inverse FastFourier
Transform
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Fast Fourier Transform
CodedBits
Parallelto
Serial
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LTE Channel and FFT Sizes
ChannelBandwidth
FFT Size SubcarrierBandwidth
Sampling Rate
1.4MHz 128
15kHz
1.92MHz
3MHz 256 3.84MHz
5MHz 512 7.68MHz
10MHz 1024 15.36MHz
15MHz 1536 23.04MHz
20MHz 2048 30.72MHz
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OFDM Symbol Mapping
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OFDMPeak to Average Power Ratio
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Time Domain Interference
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Inter Symbol Interference
DelayedSignal
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Cyclic Prefix
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Questionsl Which release of the 3GPP specifications includes the initial
release of LTE?
a. Release 6.
b. Release 7.c. Release 8.
a. Release 9.
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Questionsl What is the maximum size that a Turbo coder can handle in LTE?
a. 1024bits.
b.2048bits.
c. 5512bits.
d.6144bits.
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Questionsl Name the four main types of channel coding (FEC methods)
used in LTE.
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Contents
1. The Air interface
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
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Contents
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
2.1 The Uu Interface
2.2 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
2.3 LTE Channel Structure
2.4 LTE Frame Structure
2.5 OFDM Signal Generation
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
2.7 LTE Physical Signals
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Contents
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
2.1 The Uu Interface
2.2 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
2.3 LTE Channel Structure
2.4 LTE Frame Structure
2.5 OFDM Signal Generation
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
2.7 LTE Physical Signals
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Contents
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
2.1 The Uu Interface
2.2 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
2.3 LTE Channel Structure
2.4 LTE Frame Structure
2.5 OFDM Signal Generation
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
2.7 LTE Physical Signals
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LTE Control Plane and User Plane
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NAS Signaling
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Radio Resource Control
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Radio Link Control
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Physical Layer
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Contents
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
2.1 The Uu Interface
2.2 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
2.3 LTE Channel Structure
2.4 LTE Frame Structure
2.5 OFDM Signal Generation
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
2.7 LTE Physical Signals
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LTE Channels
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Control Logical Channels
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CCCH and DCCH Signaling
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Traffic Logical Channels
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LTE Release 8 Transport Channels
BCH
eNBUE
PCH
DL-SCH
RACH
UL-SCH
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Downlink Physical Channelsl PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)
l PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel)
l PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)
l PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)
l PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)
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Radio Channels
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Uplink Channel Mapping
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Contents
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
2.1 The Uu Interface
2.2 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
2.3 LTE Channel Structure2.4 LTE Frame Structure
2.5 OFDM Signal Generation
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
2.7 LTE Physical Signals
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LTE Frame Structure
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Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefix
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Downlink CP Parameters
Configuration CP Length (T s) Time DelaySpread
Normal CyclicPrefix
f = 15kHz 160 for slot 0 ~ 5.208 ! s ~ 1.562km
144 for slot 1, 2, " 6 ~ 4.688 ! s ~ 1.406km
Extended CyclicPrefix
f = 15kHz 512 for slot 0, 1, " 5 ~16.67 ! s ~ 5km
f = 7.5kHz 1024 for 0, 1, 2 ~ 33.33 ! s ~ 10km
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Normal CP Configuration
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Type 2 TDD Radio Frame
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Type 2 Radio Frame Switching Points
Configuration SwitchingPointPeriodicity
Subframe Number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5ms D S U U D D S U U D2 5ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 5ms D S U U U D S U U D
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Contents
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
2.1 The Uu Interface
2.2 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
2.3 LTE Channel Structure2.4 LTE Frame Structure
2.5 OFDM Signal Generation
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
2.7 LTE Physical Signals
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Codeword LayerandAntennaPort
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Codeword, Layer and Antenna PortMapping
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Scrambling
Page106
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Scrambling
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Modulation Mapper
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64 QAM Modulation Mapper
I
Q
1 3 5 7-1-3-5-7
1
3
5
7
-1
-3
-5
-7
000011 000001 001001 001011
000010 000000 001000 001010
000110 000100 001100 001110
000111 000101 001101 001111
010011 010001 011001 011011
010010 010000 011000 011010
010110 010100 011100 011110
010111 010101 011101 011111
100011
100010
100110
100111
110011
110010
110110
110111
100001
100000
100100
100101
110001
110000
110100
110101
101001
101000
101100
101101
111001
111000
111100
111101
101011
101010
101110
101111
111011
111010
111110
111111
64QAM
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Layer Mapper Configuration
Mapper Configuration Layers (v) Antenna Ports (P)
Single Antenna v=1 P=1
Transmit Diversity v=P P # 1 (2 or 4)
Spatial Multiplexing 1 $ v $ P P # 1 (2 or 4)
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LTE Precoding Options
Spatial Multiplexing Codebook for
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Spatial Multiplexing Codebook forPrecoding - 2 Antenna Ports
Page112
Codebook Index Number of layers
1 2
0
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
111
2
1 11
11
21
2
j
1
2
1 j j
11
21
3 j1
2
1
-
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Contents
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
2.1 The Uu Interface
2.2 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
2.3 LTE Channel Structure2.4 LTE Frame Structure
2.5 OFDM Signal Generation
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
2.7 LTE Physical Signals
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OFDMA in LTEFrequency
ChannelBandwidthE.g. 3MHz
Time
Device is allocated oneor more PRB (PhysicalResource Blocks)
PRB consists of 12subcarriers for 0.5ms
OFDMA
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Downlink PRB Parameters
Configuration N SCRB N Symb DL
Normal Cyclic Prefix f = 15kHz
12
7
Extended CyclicPrefix
f = 15kHz 6
f = 7.5kHz 24 3
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Contents
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
2.1 The Uu Interface
2.2 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
2.3 LTE Channel Structure2.4 LTE Frame Structure
2.5 OFDM Signal Generation
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
2.7 LTE Physical Signals
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Downlink Cell ID
d f
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PSS and SSS Location for FDD
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E l f SSSI di
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Example of SSS Indices
N ( )1 ID m 0 m 1 N( )1 ID m 0 m 1 N
( )1 ID m 0 m 1 N
( )1 ID m 0 m 1 N
( )1 ID m 0 m 1
0 0 1 34 4 6 68 9 12 102 15 19 136 22 27
1 1 2 35 5 7 69 10 13 103 16 20 137 23 28
2 2 3 36 6 8 70 11 14 104 17 21 138 24 29
3 3 4 37 7 9 71 12 15 105 18 22 139 25 30
. . . . .
. . . . 167 2 9
33 3 5 67 8 11 101 14 18 135 21 26
SSS S bli
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SSS Scrambling
C
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Contents
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
2.8 Downlink Reference Signals
2.9 Downlink LTE Physical Channels
2.10 Downlink Control Signaling2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure
2.12 Uplink Transmission Technique
2.13 OFDMA Verses SC-FDMA
2.14 Uplink LTE Physical Channels
2.15 Timing Relationships
D li kR f Si l
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Downlink Reference Signalsl Cell Specific (non-MBSFN)
l MBSFN (MBMS service over Single Frequency Network)
l UE Specific
Cell Specific Reference Signals
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p gOne Antenna Port
Cell Specific Reference Signals
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p gCell ID Offset
Cell Specific Reference Signals
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p g Two Antenna Port Configuration
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MBFSNR f Sig l
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MBFSN Reference Signals
UE Specific Reference Signals
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UE Specific Reference Signals
Contents
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Contents
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
2.8 Downlink Reference Signals
2.9 Downlink LTE Physical Channels
2.10 Downlink Control Signaling2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure
2.12 Uplink Transmission Technique
2.13 OFDMA Verses SC-FDMA
2.14 Uplink LTE Physical Channels
2.15 Timing Relationships
PBCH(PhysicalBroadcastChannel)
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PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)
B C C H ( B roadca s t I
n fo r m a t io n )
eNB
UE
MIB to PBCH Mapping (FDD and
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MIB
CRCChannel CodingRate Matching
ScramblingModulation
Layer MappingPrecoding
Mapping to REs
10ms Frame
Page133
Normal CP)
PBCH
CFICH (Physical Control Format
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Indicator Channel) - CFI Mapping
CFI Value Number of OFDM Symbols Assigned to DPCCH
N > DL RB 10 N DL RB 10
1 1 2
2 2 3
3 3 4
CFI to PCFICH Mapping
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CFI to PCFICH Mapping
NRBDL
k
k =(N sc /2) (NID mod 2N RB)
k =k
k =k + N RB)/2 Nsc /2k =k + 2N RB)/2 Nsc /2
k =k + 3N RB)/2 Nsc /2
RB DL
DL RB
DL
DL
RB
RB
Cell
OFDM Symbols
allocated toPDCCH
PCFICH
Reserved RSs
CFI Codewords
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CFI Codewords
CFI CFI Codeword < b 0 , b 1 , , b 31 >
1
2
3
4 (Reserved)
PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control
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Channel)
5 M
H z
( 2 5 R e s o u r c e
B l o c k s )
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PDCCH to Control Region Mapping
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PDCCH to Control Region Mapping0
0x 0 R
01
R 1 x11
x 2 R2
2R 2 x
x R
R x
x R
R x3 43 4x 4 R3 4
5R 5 x6 5
6 5x 7 R6 76 7R 7 x
x R
R x
x R
R x
3
R B
R B
PCFICH
PHICH
CCE Allocation Levels
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CCE Allocation Levels
SearchSpaces
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Search Spaces
0 1 2 3 4 5 976 8
Common Search Space UE-specific Search Space
1 - CCE
2 - CCE4 - CCE
8 - CCE
CCE
CandidateAggregation Setfor CommonControl
CandidateAggregation Set
for UE-specificControl
PHICH (Physical Hybrid Indicator
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Channel)l Frame Structure Type 1
l Frame Structure Type 2 (TDD)
PHICH Mapping
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PHICH Mapping
PHICHMappingEquation
PCFICH
Extended PHICH Example
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Extended PHICH Example
Subframe
5 M H z
( 2 5 R e s o u r c e
B l o c k s )
ExtendedPHICH
NormalPHICH
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared
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Channel)
Contents
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Contents
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles2.8 Downlink Reference Signals
2.9 Downlink LTE Physical Channels
2.10 Downlink Control Signaling
2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure
2.12 Uplink Transmission Technique
2.13 OFDMA Verses SC-FDMA
2.14 Uplink LTE Physical Channels
2.15 Timing Relationships
Downlink Control Signaling
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Downlink Control SignalingDCI Format Usage
0 Scheduling of PUSCH
1 Scheduling of one PDSCH codeword
1A Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword and random access procedure initiated by a PDCCH order
1B Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword with precodinginformation (Rank-1 transmission)
1C Very compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword
1D Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword with precoding and power offset information (multi-user MIMO)
2 Scheduling PDSCH to UEs configured in closed-loop spatialmultiplexing MIMO
2A Scheduling PDSCH to UEs configured in open-loop spatialmultiplexing MIMO
3 Transmission of TPC (Transmit Power Control) commands forPUCCH and PUSCH with 2-bit power adjustments
3A Transmission of TPC (Transmit Power Control) commands forPUCCH and PUSCH with 1-bit power adjustments
DCIFormat0
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DCI Format 0l Flag for format0/format1A differentiation - 1 bit, where value 0
indicates format 0 and value 1 indicates format 1A.
l Hopping flag.
l
Resource block assignment and hopping resource allocation.l Modulation and coding scheme and redundancy version.
l New data indicator.
l TPC command for scheduled PUSCH.
DCIFormat0 (cont.)
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DCI Format 0 (cont.)l Cyclic shift for DM RS.l UL index - This field is present only for TDD operation with
uplink-downlink configuration 0.
l
DAI (Downlink Assignment Index) - This field is present only for TDD operation with uplink-downlink configurations 1-6.
l CQI Request.
DCIFormat1
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DCI Format 1l Resource allocation header (resource allocation type 0 / type 1).l Resource block assignment.
l Modulation and coding scheme.
l HARQ process number.l New data indicator.
l Redundancy version.
DCIFormat1 (cont.)
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DCI Format 1 (cont.)l TPC command for PUCCH.l Downlink Assignment Index - This field is present in TDD.
Ambiguous Sizes of Information Bits
12, 14, 16 ,20, 24, 26, 32, 40, 44, 56
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Initial Procedures
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Cell Search
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Physical Cell Identities
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y
eNB
eNB
eNB
PSS - One of 3 Identities
SSS - One of 168Group Identities
504 Unique CellIdentities
PSS Correlation
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SSS Correlation
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SI Block Type 1
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ypSIB1 (System Information Block Type 1)PLMN Identity List
Tracking Area CodeE-CGI (Evolved Cell Global Identity)Cell Barred IndicationIntra Frequency ReselectionCSG IndicationCSG IdentityQrxlevminoffsetP-MaxFrequency Band Indicator
Scheduling Info ListSIB Window Length (1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40ms)System Info Value Tag
PLMN Selection
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3G VisitedPLMN
LTE VisitedPLMN
LTE HomePLMN
eNB
eNB
Node B
UE
Cell Selection
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Contents
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2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles2.8 Downlink Reference Signals
2.9 Downlink LTE Physical Channels
2.10 Downlink Control Signaling
2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure
2.12 Uplink Transmission Technique
2.13 OFDMA Verses SC-FDMA
2.14 Uplink LTE Physical Channels
2.15 Timing Relationships
SC-FDMA Subcarrier MappingConcept
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Time Domain
CPInsertion
SubcarrierMapping
Frequency Domain
Page164
Concept
DFTSymbols
Time Domain
IDFT
000
0
000
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SC-FDMA and the eNB
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Contents
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2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles2.8 Downlink Reference Signals
2.9 Downlink LTE Physical Channels
2.10 Downlink Control Signaling
2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure
2.12 Uplink Transmission Technique
2.13 OFDMA Verses SC-FDMA
2.14 Uplink LTE Physical Channels
2.15 Timing Relationships
SC-FDMA vs. OFDMA
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Feature SC-FDMA OFDMA
Low PAPR Y X
Performance X Y
Uplink MIMO X Y
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PRACH (Physical Random AccessChannel)
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Channel)
PRACH Guard Period
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Random Access PreambleParameters
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ParametersPreambleFormat
AllocatedSubframes
TSEQ(Ts)
TCP(Ts)
TCP (! s) TGT (Ts)
TGT (! s)
Max.DelaySpread(! s)
Max CellRadius(km)
0 1 24576 3168 103.125 2976 96.875 5.208 14.531
1 2 24576 21024 684.375 15840 515.625 16.666 77.344
2 2 49152 6240 203.125 6048 196.875 5.208 29.531
3 3 49152 21024 684.375 21984 715.625 16.666 102.65
4 (TDD) SpecialFrame
4096 448 14.583 576 18.75 16.666 4.375
PRACH FDD Formats
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PRACH Configuration
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CP
Subframe0
Subframe1
Subframe2
RB 24
RB 0
ZC
Page175
839Subcarriers1.25kHz(6RBs)
PRACH Configuration Index
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PRACHConfiguration
Index
PreambleFormat
SystemFrame
Number
SubframeNumber
0 0 Even 1
1 0 Even 4
2 0 Even 7
3 0 Any 1
4 0 Any 4
5 0 Any 7
6 0 Any 1, 6
7 0 Any 2 ,78 0 Any 3, 8
9 0 Any 1, 4, 7
10 0 Any 2, 5, 8
11 0 Any 3, 6, 9
12 0 Any 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
13 0 Any 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
14 0 Any 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9
15 0 Even 9
. . . .
. . . .
63 3 Even 9
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PUSCH (Physical Uplink SharedChannel)
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Channel)
PDSCHSymbol
Mapping
Multiplexing Control Signaling
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FDD Timing
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Example of TDD Configuration 2
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Contents
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2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles2.16 Uplink Reference Signals
2.17 Uplink Control Signaling
2.18 LTE Random Access Procedure
2.19 Uplink Power Control
2.20 Paging Procedures
2.21 HARQ Operation
2.22 Diversity Options
Uplink Reference Signals
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Demodulation Reference Signal
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l Sequence length - This is part of the uplink allocation.l Sequence Groups (0-29) - This is cell specific.
l Sequence - Each group contains one sequence for each length
up to 5 PRB, and two sequences for each length from 6PRB.
l 12 Cyclic Shift options.
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PUSCH DRS
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Slot SlotSubframe
RRRRRR
RRRRRR
1 2 S u b c a r r
i e r s
RRRRRR
RRRRRR
PUSCH DRS (Extended CP)
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1 2 S u b c a r r
i e r s
Requirement for SRS
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5 M H z
( 2 5 R e s o u r c e
B l o c k s )
SRS Frequency Hopping
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5 M H z
( 2 5 R e s o u r c e
B l o c k s )
SRS Allocationb l
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Subframe
SRS Symbol
Contents
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2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles2.16 Uplink Reference Signals
2.17 Uplink Control Signaling
2.18 LTE Random Access Procedure
2.19 Uplink Power Control
2.20 Paging Procedures
2.21 HARQ Operation
2.22 Diversity Options
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PUCCH Format 2a and 2bACK/NACK Coding
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l They are bit scrambled by a UE specific scrambling sequence.l The initialization of the scrambling sequence generator is the
same as that of the PUSCH.
l BPSK (2a) or QPSK (2b) modulation for the 2nd RS symbol in
each slot is used. This carries ACK/NACK.
l Format 2a: QPSK CQI +BPSK ACK/NACK
l Format 2b: QPSK CQI +QPSK ACK/NACK
Contents
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2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles2.16 Uplink Reference Signals
2.17 Uplink Control Signaling
2.18 LTE Random Access Procedure
2.19 Uplink Power Control
2.20 Paging Procedures
2.21 HARQ Operation
2.22 Diversity Options
LTE Random Access Procedure
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Random Access RRC SignalingProcedure
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UE eNB
PRACH Probing
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PRACHPowerControl
Parameters for Random AccessParameter Description
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PRACH-ConfigInfo This contains: prach-Conf igIndex, highSpeedFlag,
zeroCorrelationZoneConfig and prach-FreqOffsetra-Response WindowSize Random access response window size in subframes
(sf2, sf3, sf4, sf5, sf6, sf7, sf8 or sf10)
powerRampingStep Power ramping factor (dB0, dB2,dB4 or dB6)
preambleTransMax Maximum number of preamble transmission (n3, n4,n5, n6, n7, n8, n10, n20, n50, n100 or n200)
preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower Initial preamble power (-120, -118, -116, -114, -112,-110, -108, -106, -104, -102, -100, -98, -96, -94, -92or -90 dBm)
DELTA_PREAMBLE Preamble format based offset
maxHARQ-Msg3Tx Maximum number of Msg3 HARQ transmissions (1
to 8)mac-ContentionResolutionTimer Contention Resolution Timer (sf8, sf16, sf24, sf32,
sf40, sf48, sf56 or sf64)
numberOfRA-Pre ambles Number of preambles used (n4, n8, n12, n16 ,n20,n24, n28, n32, n36, n40, n44, n48, n52, n56, n60 orn64)
sizeOfRA-PreamblesGroupA Number of preambles assigned to group A (n4, n8,n12, n16 ,n20, n24, n28, n32, n36, n40, n44, n48,n52, n56 or n60)
messagePowerOffsetGroupB Part of the power equation to identify which groupto use (minusinfinity, dB0, dB5, dB8, dB10, dB12,dB15, or dB18)
messageSizeGroupA Part of the size equation to identify which group touse (b56, b144, b208, b256},
ra-PreambleIndex The preamble to use as parted of dedicatedconfiguration (0 to 63)
ra-PRACH-MaskIndex The resource to use as parted of dedicatedconfiguration (0 to 15)
Random Access Response Window
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MAC Random Access Response
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Uplink Transmission
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MAC Contention Resolution
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Uplink Power Control
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Power Control Calculations
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l
PUSCH Power Control:
l PUCCH Power Control:
l PRACH Power Control:
PPRACH =min{ , PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER +PL}dBm
Page208
)}()()()())((log10,min{)( TFO_PUSCHPUSCH10CMAXPUSCH i f i PL j j P i M P i P ++++=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ){ }i g F nnh PL P P i P HARQCQI ++++= F_PUCCH0_PUCCHCMAXPUCCH ,,min
CMAX P
Contents
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2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles2.16 Uplink Reference Signals
2.17 Uplink Control Signaling
2.18 LTE Random Access Procedure
2.19 Uplink Power Control
2.20 Paging Procedures
2.21 HARQ Operation
2.22 Diversity Options
Paging Issues
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DRX Reception of Paging
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Paging FrameFDD Subframe Patterns
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Ns PO wheni_s=0
PO wheni_s=1
PO wheni_s=2
PO wheni_s=3
1 9 N/A N/A N/A2 4 9 N/A N/A
4 0 4 5 9
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Contents
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2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles2.16 Uplink Reference Signals
2.17 Uplink Control Signaling
2.18 LTE Random Access Procedure
2.19 Uplink Power Control
2.20 Paging Procedures
2.21 HARQ Operation
2.22 Diversity Options
ARQ vs. HARQ
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HARQ Parallel Processes
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HARQ in LTEFDD HARQ Processes
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HARQ in LTE TDD HARQ Processes
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TDD UL/DL Configuration Maximum Number of HARQ Processes
0 4
1 7
2 103 9
4 12
5 15
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HARQ in the Uplinkl
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l
Synchronous HARQ.l Maximum number of retransmissions configured per UE (as
opposed to per Radio Bearer).
l Downlink ACK/NAKs in response to uplink (re)transmissions are
sent on PHICH.
Uplink HARQ Operation
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HARQfeedback seenby the UE
PDCCH seen bythe UE
UE behaviour
ACK or NACK New Transmission New transmission according to PDCCH
ACK or NACK Retransmission Retransmission according to PDCCH
(adaptive retransmission)
ACK None No (re)transmission, keep data in HARQbuffer and a PDCCH is required to resume
retransmissions
NACK None Non-adaptive retransmission
Contents
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2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles2.16 Uplink Reference Signals
2.17 Uplink Control Signaling
2.18 LTE Random Access Procedure
2.19 Uplink Power Control
2.20 Paging Procedures
2.21 HARQ Operation
2.22 Diversity Options
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Transmission Modesl Mode 1 - Single-Antenna transmission, port 0, no MIMO.
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l Mode 2 - Transmit diversity.
l Mode 3 - Transmit diversity or with Large Delays CDD is used.
l Mode 4 - Transmit diversity or Closed-loop spatial multiplexing.
l Mode 5 - Transmit diversity or multi user MIMO (more than one
UE is assigned to the same resource block).
l Mode 6 - Transmit diversity or closed loop precoding for
rank=1 (i.e. no spatial multiplexing, but precoding is used).l Mode 7 - Single-antenna port, port 5 (beamforming).
Spatial Multiplexing MIMO
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Spatial Multiplexing InterferenceIssues
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MIMO Single Stream
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Spatial Multiplexing in LTEPDSCH Processing
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AntennaPortsCodewords
Scrambling
Scrambling
ModulationMapper
ModulationMapper
ResourceElementMapper
ResourceElementMapper
OFDMSignal
Generation
OFDMSignal
Generation
Codebook Based Precoding
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Codebook Index Number of Layers
1 2
0
1
1
2
1
10
01
2
1
111
21 11
1121
2
j
1
2
1 j j11
21
3
j
1
2
1
-
Feedback Reporting
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4bit CQI TableCQI Index Modulation Code Rate x 1024 Efficiency
0 out of range
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1 QPSK 78 0.1523
2 QPSK 120 0.2344
3 QPSK 193 0.3770
4 QPSK 308 0.6016
5 QPSK 449 0.8770
6 QPSK 602 1.1758
7 16QAM 378 1.4766
8 16QAM 490 1.9141
9 16QAM 616 2.4063
10 64QAM 466 2.7305
11 64QAM 567 3.3223
12 64QAM 666 3.9023
13 64QAM 772 4.5234
14 64QAM 873 5.1152
15 64QAM 948 5.5547
Questionsl
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Which protocol performs air interface ciphering and integrity?a. PDCP.
b.RLC.
c. MAC.
d.PHY.
Questionsl
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True / False. All System Information messages are transferredon the BCH.
Questionsl
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How many symbols are there in a slot when a normal CP isused?
a. 5.
b. 6.
c. 7.
d.8.
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Questionsl How many symbols are in a slot when operating with a normal
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CP?
a. 6
b. 7
c. 8
d.9
Questionsl How many physical cell identities are there?
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a. 168
b. 256
c. 504
d.512
Questionsl How many REG make up a CCE?
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a. 6
b. 7
c. 8
d.9
Questionsl Which DCI Format is used to allocate uplink resources?
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a. DCI Format 0
b.DCI Format 1
c. DCI Format 1a
d.DCI Format 1b
Questionsl What is the TTI for the MIB?
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a. 1ms
b.10ms
c. 40ms
d.80ms
Questionsl How many PRACH sequences are on each cell?
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a. 64
b. 128
c. 256
d.512
Questionsl How many HARQ processes are used in the downlink?
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a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d.10
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