1SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE
POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED
2SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE
POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED
3
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
REGIONAL GRIDS IN INDIA – QUICK FACTS
SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID – AN OVERVIEW
TYPICAL ISSUES IN THE PAST
PRESENT CONDITIONS & CARDINAL EVENTS
SR ULDC – FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS …
4
THANK YOU
5
REGIONAL GRIDS IN INDIA
QUICK FACTS
6
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
INSTALLED CAPACITY
NORTHERN :- 31,307 MW
EASTERN :- 16,140 MW
SOUTHERN :- 32,779 MW
WESTERN :- 32,761 MW
NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,357 MW
TOTAL 115,344 MW
REGIONAL GRIDS
7
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
‘ ELECTRICAL’
REGIONS1
2
3
SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003
ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART
8
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
‘ELECTRICAL’
REGIONS
1
2
WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS
9
Growth of Installed Capacity for Electricity in India
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000ALL FIGURES IN MW
10
Inter Regional Links
700 MW700 MW
1200MW1200MW
2000MW2000MW
1200 MW1200 MW
900 MW900 MW31,307 MW
16,140
32,761 MW
32,779 MW
2357
1850 MW1850 MW
1650 MW1650 MW
Present IR Present IR Capacity = Capacity = 9,500 MW9,500 MW
11
Source wise composition of installed capacity in India
(1,15,344 in 2005)
2.40% 1.70% 26%
70%
HydroThermalNuclearWind
12
SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID
OVERVIEW
13
SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY
ANDHRA PRADESH
TAMIL NADU
KARNATAKA
KE
RA
LA
POPULATION :- 22.5 CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA)
AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA)
INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 32,779 MW(28.2%)
WEATHER :- South-west monsoon
North-east monsoon
SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM
14
SR STATES – POWER SYSTEM STATISTICSANDHRA PRADESH
INSTALLED CAPACITY – 8487 MW
MAX DEMAND MET – 7547 MW
DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 166 MU
DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 142 MU
CONSUMER PROFILE –
INDS -27%, DOM-22%, COMM-5%, IRRI-39% & OTHERS-7%
KARNATAKA
INSTALLED CAPACITY – 6122 MW
MAX DEMAND MET – 5445 MW
DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 112 MU
DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 90 MU
CONSUMER PROFILE –
INDS -26%, DOM-19%, COMM-7%, IRRI-39% & OTHERS-9%
KERALA
INSTALLED CAPACITY – 2280 MW
MAX DEMAND MET – 2426 MW
DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 39 MU
DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 34 MU
CONSUMER PROFILE –
INDS -34%, DOM-44%, COMM-13%, IRRI-2%& OTHERS-7%
TAMIL NADU
INSTALLED CAPACITY – 6579 MW
MAX DEMAND MET – 7560 MW
DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 155 MU
DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 131 MU
CONSUMER PROFILE –
INDS -39%, DOM-25%, COMM-7%, IRRI-24% & OTHERS-5%
15
ANDHRA PRADESH
POPULATION :- 7.6 CRORES
AREA :- 275 (‘000 SQ KM)
NO OF CONSUMERS :- 162 LAKHS
PER CAPITA CONS. :- 719 UNITS
MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- RICE
CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID
SR STATES – GEOGRAPHYKARNATAKA
POPULATION :- 5.3 CRORES
AREA :- 192 (‘000 SQ KM)
NO OF CONSUMERS :- 105 LAKHS
PER CAPITA CONS. :- 642 UNITS
MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COFFEE & RAGI
CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID
KERALA
POPULATION :- 3.2 CRORES
AREA :- 39 (‘000 SQ KM)
NO OF CONSUMERS :- 61 LAKHS
PER CAPITA CONS. :- 386 UNITS
MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COCONUT & SPICES
CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HUMID
TAMIL NADU
POPULATION :- 6.2 CRORES
AREA :- 130 (‘000 SQ KM)
NO OF CONSUMERS :- 152 LAKHS
PER CAPITA CONS. :- 866 UNITS
MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- SUGAR CANE & OIL SEEDS
CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID
16
GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR
1947
5
1983
0
2030
4
2129
8
2213
3
2298
3
2417
3
2616
3
2850
1
2952
6 3273
3
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
3500019
94-9
5
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
YEARS - - ->
IN MW
17
INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR
The above capacity does not includes
--- About 1344 MW of Wind Mill Capacity in Tamil Nadu.
--- Micro and Captive plants in different states.
AGENCY HYDRO THERMAL GAS/DIESEL WIND/OTHERS NUCLEAR TOTAL
ANDHRA PRADESH 3586 2963 272 2 --- 6823
KARNATAKA 3332 1470 128 5 --- 4934
KERALA 1831 --- 234 2 --- 2067
TAMILNADU 1987 2970 423 19 --- 5399
PONDICHERRY --- --- 33 --- --- 33
CENTRAL SECTOR --- 8090 360 --- 830 9280
IPP 278 387 2506 1071 --- 4243
TOTAL 11014 (34%) 15880 (48%) 3956 (12%) 1099 (3%) 830 (3%) 32779 (100%)
18
15880 (48%)
11014 (34%)677 (2%)
830 (3%)422 (1.3%)
3956 (12%)
HYDRO THERMAL GAS WIND NUCLEAR OTHERS
SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW
32,779 MW
HYDRO
THERMAL
WINDNUCLEAR OTHERS
GAS
GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION
A.PKAR
TNKERGENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW
GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW
GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW
TYPICAL
GENERATOR
SPREAD
IN SR
UNIT CAPACITY AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL
THERMAL (500 MW) 2 8 10
THERMAL
(200-250 MW)10 7 13 15 45
GAS/THERMAL
(100-150 MW)9 2 3 10 24
HYDRO
(>50 MW)27 29 16 15 87
TOTAL 48 38 19 38 165
- HYDRO
- THERMAL
- GAS / NAPTHA
- NUCLEAR
20
LOAD 500-1500 MW
LOAD 200-500 MW
TYPICAL
LOAD
SPREAD
IN SR
KHAMMAM
VIJAYAWADANAGARJUNASAGAR
GAZUWAKA
HYDERABAD
RAICHUR
GOOTY
HOODY
SALEM
UDUMALPET
TRICHUR
MADURAI
TRICHY
MADRAS
NEYVELI
CUDDAPAH
DAVANAGERE
RAMAGUNDAM
BANGALORE
MUNIRABAD
PP
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
PP
P
P
KOLAR
63
HOSUR
1
60
P
NELLORE
NELAMANGALA
KURNOOL
KALPAKKA
SIMHADRI
HIRIYUR
TALAGUPPA
MAMIDIPALLY
SRI SAILAM
-- OF NTPC
-- OF ANDHRA PRADESH
-- OF KARNATAKA
-- OF NLC
-- OF POWERGRID
400KV SUB-STATIONS IN SR
NEYVELI TPS I (EXP)
POWERGRID STATE OTHERS TOTAL
AP 8 4 2 14
KAR 4 5 9
KER 1 1
TN 6 2 8
TOTAL 20 9 4 33
TRIVENDRUM
22
TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN INDIA
ABOUT 2800 CKM OF 400 KV LINES ADDED IN THE PAST 2 YEARS
VOLTAGE LEVEL AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL
400 KV 2042 1614 9850 13506
220/230 KV 10050 7590 2650 6270 366 26926
132/110 KV 12360 6060 3720 10220 32360
TOTAL 24452 15264 6370 16490 10216 71404
23
MONSOONS
SOUTH WEST MONSOON NORTH EAST
MONSOON
24
11000
13000
15000
17000
19000
21000
23000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
HOUR ---->
DE
MA
ND
IN
MW
--->
TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR
WINTER
MONSOON
SUMMER
EVENING PEAK
WEATHERRESERVOIR CONSUMPTION
25
TYPICAL ISSUES IN THE PAST
26
GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST
• LOW / HIGH FREQUENCY PROBLEMS
– FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW/HIGH VALUES
• LOW / HIGH VOLTAGE OPERATION
– CRITICALLY LOW VOLTAGES AT LOAD CENTRES
– SUBSTANTIALLY HIGH VOLTAGES AT FAR ENDS
• SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS
– SEPERATION OF SYSTEMS / LOSS OF LOAD
• ECONOMIC IN-STABILITY / INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES– UNRELIABLE / INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT
27
GRID OPERATION:GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK A TIGHT ROPE WALK
BLACK-OUTVOLTAGE
COLLAPSE IN-ECONOMIC
OPERATION
INSTABILITYPOWER
SWINGSINCREASED
LOSSES
28
PRESENT CONDITIONS&
CARDINAL EVENTS
29
47.00
47.50
48.00
48.50
49.00
49.50
50.00
50.50
51.00
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
% OF TIME --->
FR
EQ
IN H
Z -
-->
2004-05
2003-04
<49.049.0 & <50.5
50.5 & Above
Max Min Avg FVI
2004-05 0.13 98.70 0.17 50.90 48.62 49.85 0.83
2003-04 2.30 97.30 0.44 51.17 48.18 49.69 1.95
2002-03 49.48 48.51 2.01 51.37 47.69 48.95 18.86
2002-03
FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE 2002-03, 2003-04 & 2004-05
FVI
30
YEAR
FREQUENCY (Hz) % OF TIME WHEN FREQUECY WAS BETWEEN
AVERAGFVIMAXIMUM
MINIMUM
AVERAGE< 48.5
HZ
48.5 TO 49.0 HZ
49.0 TO 49.5 HZ
49.5 TO 50.0 HZ
50.0 TO 50.5 HZ
> 50.5 HZ
00 – 01 51.56 47.76 48.67 53.79 17.68 13.63 12.26 2.64 ---
01 – 02 51.44 47.72 48.52 68.08 9.96 6.48 11.39 4.10 29.71
02 – 03 51.37 47.69 48.95 39.31 10.17 14.48 23.93 10.10 2.01 18.86
03 – 04 51.17 48.18 49.69 0.10 2.20 22.03 63.00 12.23 0.44 1.95
04 - 05 50.90 48.62 49.85 0.00 0.13 8.49 63.81 27.40 0.17 0.83
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF SOUTHERN REGION FOR PAST FIVE YEARS
31
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
42000
:05
01:0
5
02:0
5
03:0
5
04:0
5
05:0
5
06:0
5
07:0
5
08:0
5
09:0
5
10:0
5
11:0
5
12:0
5
13:0
5
14:0
5
15:0
5
16:0
5
17:0
5
18:0
5
19:0
5
20:0
5
21:0
5
22:0
5
23:0
5
TIME IN HRS --->
VO
LT
AG
E IN
KV
---
>
REALITY BITE:
FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!.
EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER WORKS IMPROVED!
COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY
BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES
32
VOLTAGE PROFILE OF SOUTHERN REGION FOR PAST FIVE YEARS
YEAR
RAMAGUNDAM HYDERABAD CUDDAPHA BANGALORE MADRAS TRISSUR NEYVELI II
MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN
2000-01 397 385 396 377 396 361 379 333 386 354 400 363 392 374
2001-02 405 394 409 388 404 366 396 345 399 369 406 369 400 382
2002-03 407 399 412 397 403 377 403 367 398 376 407 385 403 391
2003-04 409 402 411 397 415 398 405 385 417 403 412 400 414 406
2004-05 411 403 416 402 415 398 410 391 423 406 414 398 418 409
33
Growth Of Inter Regional Energy Exchanges
73508230
9730
13000
22500
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004
Year
To
tal M
U D
uri
ng
Th
e Y
ear
IR Energy Exchanges
IR EXCHANGES
34
DEEP VALLEY
DEEP VALLEY
SHARP
PEAK
35
SOUTHERN REGION LOSS*
2002 2003 2004** 2005**
LOAD (MW)
LOSS (MW)
LOSS %
LOAD (MW)
LOSS (MW)
LOSS %
LOAD (MW)
LOSS (MW)
LOSS %
LOAD (MW)
LOSS (MW)
LOSS %
AP 6510 408 6.27 5983 264 4.41 7234 311 4.30755
7 279 3.69
KARNATAKA 4078 265 6.50 4609 237 5.14 5158 228 4.42528
5 183 3.46
KERALA 1928 82 4.25 2227 101 4.54 2479 86 3.47245
3 66 2.69
TAMILNADU 6135 224 3.65 6888 240 3.48 7421 198 2.67752
2 216 2.87
PONDICHERRY 215 0 0.00
CGS 472 0 0.00 684 0 0.00 538 0.00 121 0 0.00
SOUTHERN REGION 19123 979 5.12 20391 842 4.13 22830 823 3.6
23153 744 3.21
•*Source : Report of System Studies conducted for Accessing Shunt Compensation requirement in Southern Region – March 2004 and March 2005 - SREB ,CEA
•** Projected figures0.5% REDUCTION MEANS 100 CR ANNUAL SAVINGS0.5% REDUCTION MEANS 100 CR ANNUAL SAVINGS
36
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10N
UM
BE
R O
F D
IST
UR
BA
NC
ES
---
----
->
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
YEAR ->
MAJOR MINOR
NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE
RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ,NAGJHARI ETC
MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES IN SR SINCE 1994
37
GRID PRESENT STATUS -- CARDINAL EVENTS
• AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF
• UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME
• GENERATION CAPCITY ADDITION
• INTERREGIONAL AC / HVDC LINKS
• OPERATIONAL EXELLANCE
38
FREQUENCY CURVE FOR 9th SEPTEMBER 2004FVI = 0.04
Avg Freq = 49.99Hz
48.5
49.0
49.5
50.0
50.5
51.0
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
10 * ∑ (F – 50) 2
FVI = -------------------------------
24 * 60