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Technology In Action
Using System Software:
File Management
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Starting the Computer
“Booting” comes from “Bootstrapping” Which comes from “pulling
yourself up by your own bootstraps”
The first instructions the processor sees (BIOS) have to be stored somewhere besides secondary storage (HD, CD) or ROM
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Starting the Computer
The Boot Process
Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated
Step 2: A Power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardware
Step 3: The operating system loads into memory from boot device
Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked
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Handling Errors in the Boot Process Non-system disk or disk
error Remove the floppy
from the drive and press any key
POST errors Single beep:
Everything is loading properly
Series of beeps: Hardware problem
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Safe mode in booting Safe Mode is a special way for Windows to
load when there is a system-critical problem that interferes with the normal operation of Windows.
The purpose of Safe Mode is to allow you to troubleshoot Windows and try to determine what is causing it to not function correctly.
Once you have corrected the problem, then you can reboot and Windows will load normally.
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Differences between Safe Mode and normal boot Safe Mode does not run the autoexec.bat or
config.sys files. Most device drivers are not loaded. A device
driver is the software that Windows uses to interact with a piece of hardware, such as a printer or scanner.
Instead of the normal graphics device driver, Safe Mode uses standard VGA graphics mode.
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If your computer boots to Safe Mode, what do you do? Try to determine what has changed on your
system that could have caused Windows to fail to boot properly.
Installing new hardware or software may cause this failure - go to the Control Panel and remove it and uninstall the software driver for that device. Then attempt a reboot. If it boots normally, you have a conflict - check with the manufacturer
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File Management
The operating system provides an organizational structure to the computer’s contents
Hierarchical structure of directories: Drives
Folders Subfolders
Files
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File Management Metaphors
Tree Metaphor Root, branches, leaves
Filing Cabinet Metaphor Drawers, Folders, Files
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A File System Tree
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Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Windows
Explorer "My
Computer" Not the same
as Internet Explorer
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File Systems – Drives
Every Computer has a File System used to keep track of the files on that machine
File Systems are based on Physical Storage Devices, known as Drives
Drives can be local or remote Click on “My Computer” to see a list of
your drives
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File Systems – Drives
Typical Drives A: or B: Floppy Disk C: Local Hard Drive D: CD Drive
L: UK Lab Locker Space
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File path File path
Location of the file, includes drive and all nested folders and the file name and extension
Every drive has a root = top of the "tree" = C:\ or A:\ or D:\
C: Tech in Action\TIA Pics\\My Documents\ dotmatrix.gif
Drive Primary folder
Secondary folders
Filename
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Naming Files
Filename: Name assigned plus filename extension
Some characters are not legal in filenames: \ ⁄ : * ? " < > ¦
All others are allowed (including spaces)
Bioreport.doc
or
Bio report.doc
Bioreport.doc
or
Bio report.doc
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Filename Extensions
Filename extensions: Used by
programs Indicate the
file format
Extension
Type of Document
Application
.doc or .docx
Word processing document
Microsoft Word; Corel WordPerfect
.xls or .xlsx
Workbook Microsoft Excel
.ppt or .pptx
PowerPoint presentation
Microsoft PowerPoint
.mdb or .accdb
Database Microsoft Access
.bmp Bitmap image Windows
.zip Compressed file WinZip
.pdf Portable Document Format
Adobe Acrobat
.htm or .html
Web page Hypertext Markup Language
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File Names, Extensions, and Formats Extensions show
what kind of information is in the file what program to use when reading/editing that file
Changing the file extension DOES NOT convert the information in the file! for example, renaming a file to have a zip extension does not make it a zip file!
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Working with Files
File management actions: Open Copy Move Rename Delete
Recycle bin
Saving files
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File Sizes and Dates A file contains data, stored as a group of bits
File size is usually measured in bytes, kilobytes, or megabytes
The file date indicates the date that a file was created or last modified
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Units for measuring file sizes
One byte = one character, pretty small 1 Kilobyte = 1024 bytes, about a page of text 1 Megabyte = 1024 Kbs, a 1000-page book 1 Gigabyte = 1024 Mbs (more than 1 billion
bytes), about 1000 books, a library 1 Terabyte = 1024 Gbs (more than 1 trillion
bytes), like 1000 libraries 1 Petabyte = 1024 Tbs (more than 1
quadrillion bytes), like 1 million libraries
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File Sizes and Dates
Why is the file size important? Memory and Storage Capacity “How many songs can I fit on my MP3 player?” "How many movies can I fit on my Hard drive?"
Why is the file date important? History of File Creation and Last Modification "Which file is the latest version of my paper?" “Did I submit my lab test on time?”
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File Management Utilities
Windows Particulars “My Documents” is the default location for saving
files, opening files, creating files, etc… The “Desktop” is simply a folder located on your
machine whose contents are shown on the main screen of the operating system
“Send To” can be used to perform advanced file activities Zip, create shortcut, move files Be Careful using “Send To Desktop”!
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File Management Tips
Use descriptive names Maintain file extensions Group similar files Organize your folders from the top down Use the My Documents default directory
carefully! Do not mix data files and program files
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File Management Tips
Don’t store very many files in the root directory
Follow copyright rules Delete or archive files you no longer need
Be aware of storage locations Back up your files in case of file system
failure
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File Compression Programs
Reduce the size of a file: Removes redundancies
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The Indexing Problem In general, it refers to having
such a large amount of information available that finding any one piece of information becomes difficult. Example: Thousands of hits
from a search engine
File systems can also suffer from the indexing problem. Example: Every file you have
ever downloaded or created is located in “My Documents”
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What do you do about the Indexing problem? Being aware of where you put files, so you
don’t have to download or create them again Give files meaningful names Create meaningful folders to store files in so
not everything is in one huge list Erase files or archive them when they are no
longer needed Windows has search function on Start button
menu
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A 8 C none, it isn’t big enough for one file
B 1 D 12
5. If you had picture files that were each 512 Mbs in size, how many could you fit onto a device with a capacity of 6 Gbs?
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A the folders C the drives
B the files D the file extensions
In the tree metaphor for a computer file system, the leaves correspond to
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A is where the deleted files are moved to
B is the device name (letter) followed by : \
C must be a file, it cannot be a folder
D is always shown at the bottom of the file system
The root of the file system on a device
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A will not allow you to delete filesB shows only the names and sizes of files
C is a web browser programD allows a user to copy files from one place
to another
Windows Explorer
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A to keep every file in the My Documents folder
B to put each file in its own folder
C to keep related files together in one folder
D to name all files like ‘file001’, ‘file002’, ‘file003’, etc.
The best way to organize your computer files is
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A is not important, the operating system can find whatever you need
B in Windows is not allowed to have spaces in it
C cannot be changed once it is assigned
D cannot use a colon (:) in it, in Windows
A filename
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A indicates what format the file contents are written in and what application will probably read it
B cannot be used if the filename has a space in it
C appears at the left of a path, right after the drive name
D is extra space allocated on the storage device when a file needs it
A file extension
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A check the floppy drive to see if a disk was left in it
B check the keyboard to see if it has been unplugged
C call a technician, there is nothing a user could do for the problem
D check the hard drive to see if it is still valid
If a machine is starting up and a message appears on the screen of “Non-system disk or disk error”, what should you do?
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A is a file stored in a folder stored in a folder
B would be stored on the hard drive
C would be a compressed file
D would be stored at the root of the B drive
A file with a path like B:\myfiles\Spring10\newreport.doc