Download - 10. All_about_islands.pdf
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Read
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7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
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AffiM
ls lands
James
tyring
lntroduction
1 What
s
an
sland?
2 Volcanicslands
3
Tropical
slands
4 Amazing
sland pecies
5
Remote
slands
6
Big slands
7 Man-Made
slands
8 Protectingur slands
Activities
Projects
Glossary
About
Readand
Discover
3
4
8
t2
16
20
24
28
32
36
52
54
56
OXTORD
UNIVERSITY
PRESS
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
3/30
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i'
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stand
an
be
very
smatt,
r
t can
be blg,
with
mountains,
akes,
oads,
nd
cltles.
Some
slands
re
hot,butothers recovered lth ce.Somestands
have
animals
nd
ptants
hat
don't
lve
anywhere
tse.
Onty
bout
O% f
people
ive
on
stands.
Do
you
ive
on
an
stand?
What
stands
o
You
now?
What
s he
biggest
stand?
Do
you
know
ny
of
hese
stands?
\ \ i \ ,
Now
ead
nd
discover
ore
ibout
stands
round
he
world
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
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ANTARCTICA
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
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Vrlcanocs
undcr
th c
occan
crupt
and
thc
lava
can
frlrm
volcanic
islands.
n 2009,
a new
volcanic
sland
forrned
in
the Pacific
Ocean.
nearTonga.
Sometimes,
waves
move
the
sand
ar
the
bottom
of
the
ocean
o form
islands.
In
warm
oceans,
oral
grows
to
form
coral
islands.
Another
way
is
when
rivers
carry
rainwater
with small
piecesof soil, rocks,and plants. trfhen he water in a
river
goes
slowly,
these
hings
in
the
water
fall
to the
bottom
and
they
can
build
up
and form
islands
n
the
river.
The
Mekong
River
in
Asia
has
a lot
of islands
that
are
made
in
this
wav.
Amazing
pecies
The
animals
and
plants on
some
slands
grow in
different
ways
from
the
species
on
the
mainland'
Some species ive on only one island and nowhere
else
on
Earth.
Hispaniolan
solenodons
ive
on
one
island
called
Hispaniola,
n the
Caribbean
Sea.
Solenodons
are
about
50
centimeters
ong.
They
have
a
long
nose
and
they
are
the
only
mammal
with
poison
in
their
teeth.
They
use
their
nose
and
teeth
to
hunt
insects
and
other
small
animals.
Hispaniolan
solenodons
ived
at
the
time
of
the
dinosaurs,
65
million
yearsago The
solenodons
are
now
in
danger
because
people
are
cutting
down
the
forests
where
they
live,
and
dogs
are
hunting
them,
too.
If
we
don,t
protect them,
the
last
solenodons
will
die
and
the
species
will
become
extinct.
)
Go
o
pages
6-37
or
activities.
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
6/30
Volllcramilrcr
llsllla
ndls
When
otcanoes
rupt,
ot
gases,
sh,
nd
ava
ty
Into
healr.
When
votcano
nder
he
ocean
rupts,
thewater oolshe avaand t becomesock.After
lots
of eruptlons,
he
ava
an
orm
a
vo]canlc
stand.
Active
olcanic
slands
There
are
thousands
of volcanic
slands,
and
some
have
active
volcanoes.
Mount
Fuji
on
Honshu
Island
in
Japan
s
an
active
volcano,
but it
hasn,t
erupted
for
more
than
300
years.
The
volcano
on
Stromboli
Island,
n
the
Mediterranean
Sea,
erupts
about
every
two
hours
Some
of
the
Canary
Islands,
n
the Atlantic
Ocean,
have
black
beaches.
his
is
because
he lava
from
volcanoes
orms
a
black
rock
when
it
cools.
The
wind
and
waves
have
changed
the
rock
into
sand.
HotRock
The
underground
rock
on
volcanic
islands
s often
very
hot.
tilflhen
underground
water
meets
hot volcanic
rock,
the
water
boils.
Some
of
the
hot water
evaporates
into
steam,
and
the
steam
pushes
he
hot
water
up
into
the
air.when
this
happens,
he
hot
water
is called
a
geyser. celand
is a
volcanic
island
with
a
lot
of
geysers. celand
is cold,
but
even
n winter,
there
are
hot
water
pools
where
people can
swim.
Plants
grow
well
in the
warm
ground near
the
geysers.
z+:l7tr
f - tEl
V
Birds
ave
o
keep
heir
eggs
arm.
Most
irds
-7
-sit
on
heir
ggs,
ut
ncubator
irds
n
some
otcanic
isl.ands
eave
heir
eggs
n
warm
otcanic
sh.
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
7/30
Alicr
vol t ' l t r rocs
t 'ul) l orr
islanrls,
hc lnvl
cools
arr t l
l i rnrrs
rocl
-
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8/30
There
are
a lot
of
tropical
slands
the Paci f ic
Ocean,
he
Caribbean
Ocean. ropicals lands rewarm
are
made
of
corat.
near
he
equator
n
Sea,
nd
he ndian
andmanyof thern
( lora l
looks
i l
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
9/30
' l 'hcrc
lrc
: rborr l
]0,000
islunt ls
rr
thc l) lci l ic
()ccun.
' l 'hc
cocont r t
cra[ - l
l ivcs
on
a lot ol ' l )aci l ic
islancls.
t 's
onc
ol ' thc
biggcst
ancl
crabs
on l lar th
urrd
i t 's
vcry st r ( )ng.
t
can
()pc11
l c()c() l lLr t
i th i ts
lcgs
Bamboo plants
gr()w
tal l
and
st rong
on
many
lracif ic
is lands.
Pcople
makc
houscs
iom
bamboo.
Marrv
pcoplc
also
eat
young
barnboo plants.
"#,cq w
Tr
m
66ry*
F
'
\CO/
OnPentecost
sland
n
Vanuatu,
he
young
men
ctimb
p
bamboo
owers
that
canbe
35 meters
at[.
Then
hey
dive
oward
he
ground ith opes round
their
nkles
The
dodo
only
lived
on
the
island
of
Mauritius
in the
Indian
Ocean.
Birds
usually
fly
away
rom
danger,
but
thousands
of
years
ago
here
weren't
any
other
animals
on
Mauritius
that
hunted
the
dodo.
The
dodo
didn't
need o escape y flying, so t flew lessand lessevery
year.
When
Europeans
ame
n
1507,
he
dodo
wasn't
scared
and
it
couldn't
fly.
The
Europeans'
dogs,
ats,
and
cats
ate
all
the
dodos.
The
last
dodo
died
by
about
1700.
and
the
dodo
became
extinct'
Go
o
pages
0-41
or
activit ies.
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
10/30
4Afinatzlilmr,E
lllslllar
ndl
pxexcrlilers
Some
slands ave
mazlng
pecles
f
anlmals nd
ptants
hatdon't lveanywhere
lse.Mostwlld
anlmals rescaredf people,utsome nlmals n
lslands
ren't
cared f anythlng. o
you
knowwhy?
Komodosland
The Komodo
dragon s the largest
izard on Earth.
It's
about
3
meters
ong. It has
strong egs and
a
long
tail.
It
only lives on Komodo
Island
and on three other
small islands n Indonesia.
The Komodo
dragon
can
run and swim fast. It has sharp teeth and it has poison
in its mouth.
It eats deer
and buffaloes
-
it
even eats
other Komodo
dragons.Young
(omodo
dragons have
to live in
trees so that the
adults
can't eat them.
NewGuinea
New Guinea
is a big
island
in the
Pacific Ocean,
near
Australia.The forestson this island arevery wild, and
there
are
places
hat
people
have never visited.
Scientists
keep
discovering
amazing,
new species
here.
There's
a kangaroo
that
lives in trees, and
a
giant
woolly
rat. The
woolly
rat
is
as
big as
a
cat
and
it's the
biggest
rat on
Earth
Most wild
animals
run away
from
people,
but the
woolly
rat and
the tree
kangaroo
aren't
scared.
his
is
because
hey
havenever seen
people before, and they don't know that people hunt
some
animals.
zrrl(t\
A-
'SIOP
\y
0n
NewGuinea,
cientists
ave
also
ound
giant
umping
pider
and
a rog
with
eeth ike
Dracuta's
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
11/30
il,*.r,
r - i t '
rl:
f.-
3i,
\-
,p
lr
-r&
:":L,frflrffi;
t'i i*o i{"'-.,..1*.1
T'{
:.
a5
l 'hc
(ialapauos
slar-rc ls
t rc
in thc
l ' l tc i f ic
()ccan,
l- lci l r
I
cr- raclor . ' l 'hc
is lant lsurc
f
at lous
t i r r
t l - rc
ialapagos
torto isc. ' l ' l - rcrc
rc i t lportant c l i f f l rcnccs
bctwccn
t l - rc
tor to iscson thc c l i l ' l ' crcnt a lapagos
slauds.St tmc
t l f
thc
islar-rclslrc clry, and solt tc
arc
rait -tv.
I 'he
tttrtoiscs
on thc clr' l i*l 'rr-rcls
avc
a
krng ncck.
This helps
thctr-t
to cat thc
lcavcs
of t rees.
l ic tor to ises
on thc
rainv
islar-rclsuvc a
short ncck bccausc tl-rc5rat
grass
atrcl
othcr
pl : ln ts
on the
grouncl . ' l 'hcsc
cl i f fercr-rccs
clp
scientists o unclcrstlrncl
ou' atriurals
ha'n'c
r()\\ ' t l
c l i l lcrcr-r t lv
n d i f lcrcnt
p laccs.
' l 'hcrc l t -c r t t ' rotr l10,000 s1' rccics l 'p l l t t . t t on
i\ lu t lagasciu ' , l
t r ig is lant l in thc Int l iurt
()cclt t .
i \ {ost
o l ' thc
plants
clon' t
l ivc anl ' r . l 'hcrcclsc. Macl irgascar
baot-rab rccs arc
hugc thcv catr
gr() \ \ '
30
r-nctcrs a l l
and thc1, can
l ivc f i r r 1,000
r,cars.
Sotnct i t lcs
i t
c locst ' t ' t
ra in f i r r
nronths,
but t l - rc
baobabs can l i r ,c bccalrsc thcy
ere l 'u l l
( ) l
\ \ ' l t lcr .
Nrc{
9U
rhere re bout o ypes
of
emur nd heyonly ive
th-
tSr
on
Madagascar.lemur ses
th
,\,' ' , ' '
i t s ong aiI
o
move
n
the
t rees,
nd
o communicate
wi th other emurs.
,"w
's- * ", ' , ?,
u \'
t l" l | r
for act iv i t ies.
w& Pmts tr
'-
rdi6.,r**,.
1,*
Go o pages42-43
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
12/30
It
can
be
hard
o
ilve
on
standshatare
very ar
rorn
the
malnland. nsome
emoteslands,ife
hasn't
changedor housandsf years.
Anuta is a very
remote sland
n
the
middle of the
PacificOcean.
About 250
people
ive on Anuta.
They don't use
money and they
shareeverything.
The weather
s hot, so fruit
like
coconuts,
papayas,
and
bananas
grow
well, but the
island s
tiny.
Sometimes
he
people
can't
grow
enough
ood, so
they
sail to another
sland where they
have a
garden
' l l ' i s t l r r
t l l t
(
l r r r rh l
is
o l rc o l ' t l tc
n ' l ( )st
'cn l ( ) lc s l t r r r r ls
on
l :ur th. I t 's i r r
thc
rrr i r l t l lc
o l ' thc
At lunt ic
()ccun.
' l ' l rc
wcl thcr
isn ' t
col t l ,
' rut
hc At lnnt ic wincls
nrc
st r( )ng. ' l 'hcrc
l rc a lot
o l ' ( )ccl r )
' l i r t ls , i l
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
13/30
l ' ) rstr . ' r ' ls l l r r r t l
s i r r
t l rc I t lc i l ' ie
( )ccl r r .
j ,5oo
l i i lor r rcrcrs
l i 'onr
(
l l r i l t ' ,
in Sotr t l r
Arr rc l ic l .
( ) r rcc,
i t l r l t l
b ig
l i r rcsts
l t t t t l
t r
lot ol 'bi r t ls . ' l ' l tcr r
nt( ) l 'c
thln I
,000
vclr r -s
.rgor
pcoplc
cl lnrc
lo
t l rc is l lnt l
in
clnocs. ' l 'hcy
brr i l t
l i r r r r rs
lut t l
t ( )wns,
lnt l
l i r r hunt l rccls
ol 'yc l r rs, t l rcV cr .r tc lorvn :r
Iol ol ' l i l rcst
trccs
to t tur l
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
14/30
-a
o
ls lands
n
the middte
f
The
biggest slands
re
islands
o
you
know?
the
oceans
re
often
small .
a[[ near
a cont inent.
What
biq
' l ' l r is
1 ' r ic t ru 'c
l ' l ' l l r th
shows
hc cig l r t
b iggest
slant ls.
( i r -ccnlunr l
is
thc t - r iggcst
s lant l
i t ' s
r t rorc
han
2
nr i l l i .n
sqLlarc
i lonrctcrs
(knrr) .
Sonrc
big
is lar-rds,
l i l
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
15/30
{'\
tv'V3gfr".21
Most o l 'Ncrv
Zcalur-rd
s
[ \ \ ,o r i { - Is lar ] t ls
a l lcd thc
Nort l i Is lunt lancl hc Sot r th Is lant l . ' l 'hc slancls rc
vcrv
cl i l lL ' rcnt i " ( ) l t r
ach othcr. ' l 'hc
Sout l - r s lar-rc l
as
a lot o l 'b ig
nrountains
it
cvcn has somc
glacicrs.
' l ' lrc
1,onl
ol't l tc 1?rrg.s
rovics
wcrc frln-rccl
) l t
thc
South
Is lar-rc l . ' l 'hc
orth
Is l i rncl s
volcanic,
wi t l - r
gcyscrs
anclhot
\ \ 'u tcr
pools.
Peoplc
havc ivcclon
t l - rc s lar-rc ls
i r r
about I ,200
Vcars.
Thrcc
of
Ncw Zcaland's
bi rds
can't f ly. ' l ' l-rc
nost famous
of
thcsc b i rds
is thc k iwi .
' l 'hc
hcaviest nscct
on
E,arth,
hc
giant
wcta '
a lso
ivcs
n
' l i rs rr l t t t i l t
is : t
l r t r ' . : ' l : tn , l ; l l ro t l l
. l l ( )
l i i lo l l l ( ' l ( ' l ' \
: 'o t t l l t
o l '
l l t t ' t t t l t i t t l : t t t t l , r l , ' \ t ts l t
l r l i : t
' l ' l r t " l i rs t t l r r t i l r t t
r l t ' r ' t l
, rn l t
l i r . . ' s , t t t ' l i ts t t r t t t i l t .
l t ' s
t l r t '
s lu)1e s izr ' l ts : r
sn l i r l l t loq r t t t t l
t t l l ( ' t t
l l
\ \ ( : t t ' r ' t l ,
i l
t t t t t l
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
16/30
^^*-'-;"_:
Solne
arts
of the world
arevery
busy
and here sn't
enough and
or
everyone.
hat's
why
people
ometimes
buitdnew stands
or arms,homes, tores, nd airports.
Sonrct inrcs
1' rc.p lc
t r i l r l c i t ics on nrl ln-nracic slar-rc1s.
()claiba
slanri
s in' lol
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
17/30
I r r r ' l rcol t
l t t let 'nl l iotut l
Ai t 'pol ' t
i r r
Sott l l t l r .ol t ' l r
is btr i l t
( )n
l t
nl l l t t - t tut t lc
is l l r r t t l
bctr r 'ectt
l \ \ ' ( )
l l l l l t t t ' l t l
is l l t l t t ls .
I t tc l tc6tt
is
6tte
tr l ' t l rc
l r t ts i t 's l
l t i t '1 ' r9t ' ts
r l t l te
ryot ' l t l ,
l t t l
i l wlsr t ' l
l l rc
l i l 's t l t i r '1r r ) t ' l
) l l
i l
t l l l t t ) - t t t l t t l t '
s l l t r r t l . ' l r ,vo
( lhi r rcsc
l t i t ' l tor ts
l tnt l
l ivc
. f
t l l l t t tcsc
t i t '1 lot ' tsl l 'c
l l t r i l t
( )n
ntal t- l tut t lc
is l l t l t t ls ,
oo. ' l ' l r t '
l i rs t r t ' l ts
( l t t ls l t i
I t r tcr trat ionl l
Ai r 'por l
i t t
. f
tpl t t r .
Ai r l - r r l r ts: t t 'c
ol ' lcr r btr i l t
ot t is l r t t t t ls
r , . ' t ' l t r ts t ' l l lc t 'c
str ' l
cn()Lrgh
atrc l
tcut- l t ig
ci t ics.
Air 'pot ' l
is l l t t t t ls t l 'c
big
about
4 k i lonrcLcrs
lottg. ' l ' l tcV
l t t 'c
ol ic l l
c( ) l l l lcc ' lc t l
to
thc
mainlancl
by
lor- rg
r ic lgcs. ' l 'hc
tr r idgc
l i 'ot t l
l t lc l tcotr
to thc
u-rainlancl
s ur t l rc
than
20
ki lomcLcrs
lol tg.
In
l)ubai
in
thc
Unitcd Arab
Emiratcs,
ourists
likc
thc
clcar
bluc ocean.,
ith
prctty
tropical
f lsh
and
coral.
Thc land
is
vcry
dry and
sandy,
and thcrc
arcn' t
enough
bcaches,
so
people
havc
built
islands
n
the ocean.
The
f irst
area of
man-madc
is lands
was Palm
Jumcirah.
I t has
hotcls,
storcs,
and
rhousandsof homcs.
#%
:JQJ
rhe Burj
At Arab
n Dubai
s
one
of the a[[est
otelsn
he
wortd
it's
321meters
att. t
looksike
he
saiI
f a boat
nd t 's
bui l t
on
a sma[[man-made
sland.
+
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
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Earth's
slands
ave
mazing
nimals
nd
ptants,
ut
life
on
stands
s
often n
danger.
pecies
an
become
extinct, ndsome standsouldevendisappear,o t, s
important
o
protect
ur stands.
()ur
cars,
actor ics,
and
p()wcr
stat ionsproducc
too
many
gascs
ikc
carbon
dioxidc.
Earth
is
gctting
warmcr
bccausc
thcrc's
too
much
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air. ' l 'his
is
callcd global
warming.
Global
warming
means that there
are
more
storms
and
rain.
More
ice
is
melting
in
the
Arctic
and
the
Antarctic,
so
the
sea evel
is
getting
higher,
and
some
islands
are
disappearing.
A
few
islands
between
India
and Bangladesh
have
already
disappeared
nderwarer.
Somc
slands
n thc
Paci l ic
)ccau
wil l
protr lbly
disappcar
n
100
ycars if wc don't
slow clowtr
glotral
warming.
Some
of
thc
Maldive
Islands
n thc
Inclian
Ocean
will
probably disappear
ooner.
Most
o1'thc
land
is
less han
2 meters
above
sea
evel.
'We
can
try to
slow
down
global
warming
by
making
less
carbon
dioxide.\7e
can
drive
and
fly
less,and
we
can
use
cleaner
ars.'We
hould
use
esscoal
and
oil
to
make
electricity.
There
are
cleaner
ways
of
making
electricity.
I
ro hetp
he
Mal.dive
lslands,
eople
re
designing
new
slands nd
owns
hat
float
These
stands
on't
disappear
ndenvater.
ii,.i
-
7/24/2019 10. All_about_islands.pdf
19/30
Disappearingpecies
Global
warming is
changing
life on islands.When
the sea evel
gets
higher,
some
speciesdon't have
a
place
to
live.
Storms and
floods can kill
plants
and
animals.Coral
dies when seawater
ets
oo warm.
Thousands
of species
ive
around
coral reefs,bu t
they can't live there if the coral is dead. U7ean help
specieson islands
by slowing down
global
warming.
\flhen too many
tourists visit small
islands, t's
sometimes
bad
for
plant
and animal
life.\7e
can
protect
special slandsby making
them a
conservation
area.
The islands n
this
photo
are
a
conservationarea
nThailand.They
are a safe
place or plantsand animals o live.
ls landshat
AreProtect ing
arth
The
Svalbard
slands are
n the Arctic Ocean.
Global warming
probably
won't melt Svalbard's
ice, and
its high mountains
probably
won't disappear
underwater. This is why scientists rom Norway
built the Svalbard
Global SeedVault
here
in 2008.
It's a
place
where they will store
an example of each
of Earth's
1.5 mil l ion seeds.
plant
could disappear
becauseof
global
warming or a
natural disaster,bu t
it
won't
becomeextinct.
That's because
eople
ca n
grow
another
plant
from the seeds
n
the
Glclbal
Seed
Vault.
TheGtobat eed
Vault
s nside rocky
mountaint
he
end f
a long
unnet. ost eeds lllstayresh t
mlnus
18
degrees
entigradeor20,000
earsl
) Go o pages0-51 oractlvltles.
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