Download - 101 Rad Unitech 2013konGROUNDS AND SECURITY ISSUES IN CLOUD BASED E-LEARNING OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

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INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE

22 23 November 2013, GABROVO

GROUNDS AND SECURITY ISSUES IN CLOUD BASED E-LEARNING OF

TE ENGLIS LANGUAGE

D!"#$! %#&o'ev#(Technical College VTS, Ni, Serbia

Bor#vo)e %#&o'ev#( %#&!" %#)!&*ov#(Technical College VTS, Ni, Serbia VISER, Beograd, Serbia

Ab'+r!$+

Cloud computing provides an efficient, scalable and costeffective !a" for organi#ations to provide business or

consumer IT services over the Internet$ %ifferent models of cloud computing are available, providing a solid support

for core business functions and fle&ibilit" to deliver ne! services$ 'o!ever, the fle&ibilit" and openness of the Cloud

computing model has created a large number of securit" problems$ This paper !ill sho! that the problems of securit" in aCloud E(earning s"stem ma" occur in the application of learning English in schools$

e.or/'keywords, keywords, keywords, keywords, keywords, keywords, keywords.

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, many technologies which are

making human life easier are introduced

almost every day. Web-based technologies, for

instance, [3] contribute greatly to the reduction

of efforts that users have to make in order to

obtain a required iece of information.!eanwhile, many institutions and universities

are introducing new courses that rovide

knowledge about these technologies, making it

easier for users to coe with them. "owever,

such institutions generally face a shortage of

e#erienced teachers who are resonsible for

holding technical courses. $o overcome this

roblem, online education services are

introduced for a range of different courses

based on the %nternet latform. &loud

comuting, as one of the internet latforms is ahighly fle#ible, cost-effective and ''user

friendly'' latform, whose main task is to

deliver and rovide business or consumer %$

services over the internet. &loud resource

systems are evolving very raidly, along with

all the rocesses, alications, and services

obtained '' on demand (, regardless of the

user's location or device within a broadband

%nternet network. $hey reresent a large ool

of easily usable and accessible virtuali)edresources *such as hardware, develoment

latforms and + or services. $hese resources

can be dynamically refigured to adat to the

varying scale load, which also enables the

otimal utili)ation of resources. &loud

comuting customers can use one or more

&loud comuting services based on their

business needs. artner and orrester offered

the following definition of &loud comuting

which can be seen as/() st"le of computing !here scalable and

elastic ITenabled capabilities are delivered

as a service to e&ternal customers using

Internet technologies$,( or/

(Standardi#ed, highl" scalable and

controlled computer infrastructure over the

Internet host applications, intended for end

users, !ho are charged for services based on

the actual usage$(

$his aer discusses the alication of a

new technology in &loud comuting system ofelectronic learning and its security. 0sers can,

by virtue of the authori)ation system and 1!2

*1earning !anagement 2ystem access -

learning alications from any comuter.

$oday, it is quite common that these systems

are installed on web servers located in schools,

colleges, universities, or any other tye of

organi)ation. $hese alications offer the

ossibility to create -learning courses, which

thus become the sites for osting and sharing

teaching ublications and materials,

erforming online discussions and lectures,

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holding teacher seminars and resenting final

and other aers, etc.

"ardware devices such as 456s, mobile

hones, standard comuters, ortable

comuters, and software alications such as

Web browsers or &loud comuting, have

become the most oular latforms in allbusiness sectors today thanks to their caacity

to reduce the full costs of using software

alications and hardware.

E - LEARNING CLOUD

$he nglish language - learning based on

&loud technology is a subset of &loud

&omuting alied to the field of education.

$he future for the develoment of

technology and -learning infrastructure is

bright. - learning based on &loud has all thenecessary resources, such as hardware and

software, as well as the management system of

reort to enhance traditional learning

infrastructure , ig. 7.

Figure 1.odel of integrated learning managements"stem

2ince educational material for the nglish

language -learning systems is reresented in

virtual &loud servers, this material is available

for students and other educational institutions

and businesses to use. $he rocess begins withlearners or users sending a request to the web

ortal. $hen, the request travels through the

system8s management which is resonsible for

the decision on the aroriate kind of

resources. 1earners who use this service

receive the information uon their request after

which the required resources are delivered to

them. $he last art is evaluation.

%t is imortant to distinguish between two

&loud environments that offer students and

other users a wide range of services [3] for-learning/

V(E JVirtual (earning EnvironmentK is an

electronic latform that can be used to track

and rovide e-learning courses and enhance

face-to-face instruction with online

comonents. 4rimarily it automates the

administration of learning by facilitating and

then recording learner8s activity.$he second service is L(E JLersonal

(earning EnvironmentK, which aeared in the

last few years as a new wave of web

technologies such as blogs, wikis, and social

software, known as Web 9.:. L(Ehas become

a ma;or technology that suorts content

ublishing over the %nternet. or instance, Web

9.: allows eole to create, ublish, e#change,

share, and cooerate on information in a new

way of communication and collaboration.

6lying Web 9.: technologies to e-learningcan enhance interactive communication and

collaboration among articiants and learners

who either ossess related learning resources,

or can hel each other discover and obtain the

resources, or are willing to e#change and share

the resources with others in the Web-based

learning. %n Web 9.:, learners can read and

write to the Web, in which learners become

both the consumers and roducers of learning

resources. $hus, Web 9.: rovides a learning

environment which has the otential to

fundamentally change the nature of learning

and teaching, through the creation of learner

-controlled web.

5eveloing of -learning is more e#ensive

than rearing classroom materials and

training the teachers, esecially if multimedia

or highly interactive methods are used, ig. 9.

Figure 2$ %eveloping an Elearning model

$here are at least two entities involved in an

-learning system/ students * who take online

courses and e#ams, send feedback, homework

and ro;ects


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set homework assignments and send feedback

to students ig. 3.

Figure 3$ Communication and Elearning users

=ased on this figure, we can conclude that

this is a three-tier - learning &loudarchitecture system with 4hysical "ardware,

>irtual 2torages and !achines and &loud

!anagement 2ystem. $his is e#lained in the

following ig. ?.

Figure 4$ Mvervie! of a Cloud architecture for

E(earning

$here are a lot of benefits in using &loud

systems for -1earning/

or users, advantages of using the system

are the following /

@ 0sers of the system for -learning do not

need to have high-erformance comuters to

run their alications. $hey can be started

from &loud latforms, while services are aid

on a ay- as-you -go basis. i#ed monthly

costs are low since &loud comuting networks

are taking advantage by bringing large

numbers - millions of users, and the low cost

of oeration at information centers, which aremanaged from another location.

@ $here is no u-front investment in

hardware, which is articularly attractive to

small and medium educational institutions,

enterrises and newly founded comanies.

2ince the alications are rocessed on a

&loud latform, client machines cannot face

roblems in their work.@ 2ince the alications for e-learning are

centered on the owerful &loud servers, the

software can automatically udate with &loud

sources. $here is no need to install and

maintain servers, manage suerstructure or

care about whether the software is comatible

with the hardware or not.

@ 6lso, there is no need for license

management alications.

@ 2tudents and other users have numerous

advantages using &louds for -learning . $heycan run online courses, attend online e#ams,

receive feedback from rofessors and

instructors, and send their ro;ects and secial

assignments to be assesed. $he system can

easily adat to the needs of more users or

additional services - or it can reduce the

activity when the demand for services

seasonally decreases.

@ %f any of the fonts and format documents

do not oen roerly on other devices, users of

&loud systems do not have to worry about this

since such documents are now oen directly to

the &loud system. $herefore, there is a

ossibility to access documents from any kind

of machine instead of being attached to a

articular device.

@ $he system can be e#anded, and does not

have to be urchased, which is beneficial to

the comanies that are still develoing.

Benefits to the teachers are great as welland only some of them will be mentioned

below /

@ $he teachers reare online offers for

student testing and teaching, create better

resources for students through the content

management. $hey can access tests and the

content of students' home ro;ects that the

students have done. $hey also send feedback

and communicate with students through on -

line forums.

6s we have seen, -learning aroachescan combine different tyes of -learning

comonents [7] ,$able 7.

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2imle learning resources are non-interactive resources such as documents, 4ower4oint resentations, videos oraudio files. $hese materials are non-interactive in the sense that learners can only read or watch content without

erforming any other action.

I"+er!$+#ve

E-&e''o"'

$he most common aroach for self-aced e-learning is Web-based training consisting of a set of interactive e-

lessons. 6n e-lesson is a linear sequence of screens which can include te#t, grahics, animations, audio, video

and interactivity in the form of questions and feedback. -lessons can also include recommended reading and

links to online resources, as well as additional information on secific toics.

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2imulations are highly interactive forms of e-learning. $he term AsimulationB basically means creating a

learning environment that AsimulatesB the real world, allowing the learner to learn by doing. 2imulations aresecific forms of Web-based training that immerse the learner in a real-world situation and resond in a

dynamic way to his+her behaviour.

4ob !#/'

Cob aids rovide ;ust-in-time knowledge. $hey can take several forms and be delivered on different latforms

*e.g. comuter, rinted document, mobile hone. $hey usually rovide immediate answers to secific

questions, thus heling users accomlish ;ob tasks. $echnical glossaries and checklists are ;ust a few e#amles

of simle ;ob aids, but sohisticated e#ert systems can also be develoed to assist workers in comle#decision-making situations.

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-

2ervices which rovide human and social dimensions can be offered to learners to suort them through thelearning e#erience. -tutoring, -coaching and -mentoring rovide individual suort and feedback to

learners through online tools and facilitation techniques.

Co&&!bor!+#ve

&e!r"#"

O""e

/#'$''#o"'

2ynchronous and asynchronous online discussions are designed to facilitate communication and knowledge-

sharing among learners. 1earners can comment and e#change ideas about course activities or contribute to

grou learning by sharing their knowledge.

Co&&!bor!+#o"&ollaborative ro;ect work imlies collaboration among learners to erform a task. &ollaborative activities can

include ro;ect work and scenario-based assignments.

V#r+!&

$&!''room-

6 virtual classroom is an - learning event where an instructor teaches remotely and in real time to a grou of

learners using a combination of materials *e.g. 4ower4oint slides, audio or video materials. %t is also called

synchronous learning. $his method requires the least amount of effort to convert materials *but instructors stillhave to reare them. 6roriate technology must be in lace for both the learners and roviders *e.g.

software for the virtual classroom and good connectivity.

Table 1$ Elearning components

$here are many instructional system

design models, most of which are based on

&loud systems, resented in the diagrams

below.

6dating e#isting models to match secific

needs is wiser than roceeding without any

lan. "owever, fle#ibility is needed to select

and adat a model to a given situation.

-learning ro;ects vary considerably in com-

le#ity and si)e. $he rocess described below

is comrehensive-it covers all the otions thatcan be included in a comle# learning ro;ect.

"owever, some of the stes can be skied or

simlified according to the ro;ect8s

ob;ectives and requirements, such as budget,

e#ertise or organi)ational constraints.

$he basic rincile of &loud -learning,

alied to any form of the curriculum or

course, lies in the fact that the teacher, in

terms of mass instruction is transferring art

of his+her functions to the secial devices for

learning, which in this case allows thefulfillment of all the imortant conditions

which are otherwise ossible only in

individual work. $hese are/

@ simultaneous accetance of ieces of

information from individual students, their

analysis and understanding@ simultaneous tutoring of each student,

using the methods that are otirmal for each

student

@ simultaneous teaching erformance at a

ace that suits each student individually

@ simultaneous decision-making on otimal

ways for training students

@ simultaneous revision of student work

and feedback information on the accuracy of

each resonse, creating a ositive motivation

for every student@ simultaneous reetition of information

after which a student gave an incorrect answer

as many times as it takes each student to

understand the given roblem *information

and give the correct answer to the question

@ 6voidance of all the sub;ective factors of

teachers, which influenced e#amination and

assessment of the students8 knowledge, or

determination of the roficiency level of the

rogrammed material.

$o build and start the ro;ect of &loud -learning of nglish, three roblems must be

solved.

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$he first consists in drawing rogrammedbooks, bearing in mind the very motodicalsensitivity of the material for learning. 0singthe technique of linear or branched rogram-ming, books can be rogrammed relying onone of ordinary te#tbooks so that the entirematerial can be slit on many small logical

entities *units of information. $he distancebetween them is called (a ste of rogrammedlearning(. 5eending on the model, a stemay be long or short. 6fter each unit ofinformation is resented to a student, thestudent receives questions and is given theoortunity to resond to them, choosing oneof the given otions or filling in a ga, withhis+her own resonse. 6fter answering thequestions, if the answers are correct, the stu-dent gets a new unit of information relying onthe logical sequence, or is informed about the

nature of the error, after which he+she is for-ced to study again the information after whichhe+she gave the wrong answer. "owever,starting from the ossibility that an ordinaryte#tbook in terms of its content can be dif-ficult to gras and not always user-friendly,the material for learning will not become easi-er and more understandable by being rog-rammed. $he e#isting coursebook needs to berevised by creating a more suitable model. 6

rogrammed te#tbook can be considered asemi-automatic (device( for learning, since it

rovides information on student8s work andthe material he+she should master.

$he second roblem is the rearation of thealication or alications and achieving theiralgorithmic - logical correctness. $his roblemis much easier to solve, because it deends onthe skill of the teacher, rogrammer and theknowledge of the rogramming techniques. $healication is usually written in one of the oeninteractive languages and enables work on thedislay and keyboard as inut-outut units.Dutut data, which are given after each chaterand rocessed at the end of the rogram, deliverthe reort on errors, number of asses throughthe rogrammed material and the time sentlearning *to establish the level of roficiency ofthe rogrammed material and contain diag-nostic information that would serve to identifythe shortcomings in the analysis of the students'answers. $his would hel to remove (bottle-necks( and (tight laces( from the rogram inorder to obtain otimal rograms which willenable uils to acquire the entire rogrammedmaterial with ma#imum efficiency andminimum time.

$he third roblem is the hysical orga-ni)ation of the classroom for rogrammed

learning, or selection of an alication for&loud - 1earning *whether it will be!oodle, 2&DE! &loud, oogle,World4ress, &loud 5rual, etc.

$he quality of an -learning &loud courseis enhanced by/

@ 1earner-centred content/ -learningcurricula should be relevant and secific tolearners8 needs, roles and resonsibilities in

rofessional life. 2kills, knowledge andinformation should be rovided to this end.

@ ranularity/ -learning content shouldbe segmented to facilitate assimilation of newknowledge and allow fle#ible scheduling oftime for learning.

@ ngaging content/ %nstructional methodsand techniques should be used creatively todevelo an engaging and motivating learninge#erience.

@ %nteractivity/ requent learner interactionis needed to sustain attention and romotelearning.

@ 4ersonali)ation/ 2elf-aced coursesshould be customi)able to reflect learners8interests and needsF in instructor-led courses,tutors and facilitators should be able to followthe learners8 rogress and erformanceindividually.

SECURITY IN E-LEARNING CLOUD

2ecurity, digital identity and access control*authori)ation, authentication, and access

control is a core oint for organi)ation of -

learning &loud systems, which are looking for

the aroriate standards that can be imle-

mented across business systems and between

university institutions. ach ste of inter-

action between the two systems requires an

indeendent identity and access management

requirements.

inal solution will be quite comlicated

since it will require a set of standards, adetailed analysis of the interaction and the

aroriate standards to be alied at each

ste together with the suort in legal, social

and economic conditions for their alication.

$he rincial risks [3], which in this case can

occur are given in $able 9.

Co"6#/e"+#!+

V#o&!+#o"

Onauthori#ed user gains access to

the s"stem for E(earning

I"+er#+V#o&!+#o"

Onauthori#ed access to the user

name advantage, leading to thedesired state of the s"stem forElearning$

De"#!& o6 Lreventing legitimate access rights

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Serv#$e

to interfere !ith traffic during thetransactions bet!een users of

Elearning$

I&&e#+#m!+e 'eE&ploitation of privilege legitimateusers$

%!$#o'

ror!m

(ines of code that harm other

programs$

Re/#!+#o"%enial of participation of users inan" transaction documents$

%!'7er!/eBehavior that hides the true event id

b" hacPers$

Tr!66#$ !"!&'#'(eaPage of information misuse!ithin communication channel$

Br+e-6or$e

!++!$*

Tr" to get all the possible

combinations reveal it correct$

Table 2$ Basic risP

%n a ;oint - learning &loud environment,customers want to ensure that all domainmembers are roerly isolated and that there

is no ossibility that the data and transactionfees have leaked from one of the followingdomains.

$o achieve this, customers need the abilityto configure security virtual domain or

roerly based security )one. 6s the data isgetting out of the clients8 control, the systemis e#ected to detect and revent the attack tothe environment. Eemoval of the data toe#ternal services creates additional concernsabout internal and %nternet-based denial ofservice *5D2 or distributed denial of service

*55o2 attacks, from various virus attacks like2am, WDE!, $ro;ans, and $radoors, ig. G.

$herefore the following measures must be

rovided for/

Securit" management - [9] deals with the%nternet and network to rotect and ensure theuser safety, information security, serversecurity from various attacks, and rotect thetotal system.

Information securit" - $he securitymeasures taken by the organisation or the

individual user to rotect the informationfrom being stolen from their system byhackers and unauthorised ersons.

Server Securit"- $he security of servers isimortant because servers deal with the dataof a large number of individuals andorganisations. $herefore, server security andserver management is a big issue due towhich numerous security measures are takento save the data in server from hackers andnatural disasters.

Figure 5$ Seven threats to securit" in Cloud

computing E(earning

)uthentication- is a method which helsavoid

intruders to hack the roduct or access the

roducts8 functionality to create malfunctions.

End Oser -=ased on the e#ectation and

demand of the end user, the comaniesmodify their roducts till the user becomes

satisfied with the roducts of the comany.

CONCLUSION

&loud comuting model has created a large

number of security roblems. "uge amounts

of %$ resources are divided among many users

and security rocesses are often hidden

behind layers of abstraction. &loud comuting

is often offered as a service, so that the

control of the data and oeration switches to

indeendent service roviders, demanding

that their clients establish a trust relationshi

with their rovider and develo solutions for

the security that this relationshi takes into

account.

REFERENCE

[7]E learning methodologies, Hnowledge#change and Eesearch, Eome, %taly, 9:79.

[9] unasekar Humar, 6nirudh &helikani,)nal"sis of securit" issues in Cloud based Elearning, 0niversity of =orIs, 2weden, 9:77.

[3] =orivo;e !iloJeviK, 2lobodan DbradoviK,ElePtronsPo uiQene ba#irano na Cloud

platformama, L0 %ND 9:73, 2erbia.[?] =linco H., !ason C., !c1ean N., Wilson 2.,

ATrends and Issues in ElearningInfrastructure %evelopmentD, 4reared on

behalf of 52$ *6ustralia and C%2&-&$%2*0H, Culy 9::?.

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Download - 101 Rad Unitech 2013konGROUNDS AND SECURITY ISSUES IN CLOUD BASED E-LEARNING OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

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