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Hotel refurbishment in Mallorca, SpainReducing environmental impacts at least 50%
Athens, 27 November 2010
. .
A project developed by AUIA (Arquitectos, Urbanistas e Ingenieros Asociados) in collaboration with SO (Societat Orgnica)for the Palma Beach Consortium (Mallorca, Spain)
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Palma Beach Consortiumhttp://consorcioplayadepalma.es
THE PROJECT
the aim of promoting the refurbishment of hotels, complementary tourism services and its urban area.
The Consortium has geared its work toward configuring a different vision, contemplating a new tourism
model for Palma Beach that can be renowned world-wide and including as key issues sustainability,, , . .
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Balearic Islands
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Palma ba Mallorca / Palma Beach area
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Ro al Cu ido Hotel RCH 1976
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Ro al Cu ido Hotel RCH 1976
Longitudinal
section,
beach
facade
T icalfloor lan,rooms
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Environmental im acts of the buildin sector
ac ca on
biodiversity
ozone layer depletionreenhouse effect
* *
erosion
eutrophication
acid rain
heavy metals
abiotic resources
biotic resources
summer smog
winter smog
land occupation
Water*: 20% Waste*: 30%
human toxicity
*Buildingsectorparticipationinthewholesocietyenvironmentalimpacts
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1st strate : demand reduction
bioclimatic design new ways, dried appliances
energy water
materials wastematerial use o timisation eneration decrease
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2nd strate : efficienc increasin
efficient facilities saving systems
energy water
materials wastelow impact materials deconstruction instead demolition
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3rd strate : local resources use
active and passive solar systems rainwater
energy water
materials waste
building with site materials waste classification
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4th strate : rec clin
carbon natural systems grey water
energy water
materials wasteregenerated materials new uses for old materials
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5th strate : im act neutralisation
thermal improving in existing buildings sewage natural treatment
energy water
materials wastecarbon neutral materials building from waste
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Buildin refurbishment model: ob ectives
It is needed to determine a refurbishing model for housing and hotel existingu ngs o a ma eac w c as to e teste t roug t e eve opment o two
case studies (Royal Cupido Hotel and a multiple dwelling building in Can Pastilla)that should be capable to reduce its environmental impacts at least 50%.
Additionally, refurbished buildings have to reach A or B categories in the Spainofficial energy efficiency certification (established by Royal Decree 47/2007).
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Buildin refurbishment model: environmental focus
The environmental concept is focused on the relation between buildingshabitability (indoor and outdoor space quality) and impacts caused to reach it.
Those habitability impacts are both resources consumption (energy, waste,mater a s, etc. an waste generat on construct on an use ones, 2emissions, etc.). More sustainability should mean less impact.
Main environmental indicators used in a 50 years life cycle building analysis are:-Energy consumption of all phases (MJ/m2)
-Water consumption of use (litres/person/day)
-Material consumption impacts of refurbishment (KgCO2/m2)
-Construction waste of refurbishment (Kg/m2)
-Garbage of use (Kg/person/day)- reen ouse em ss ons o a p ases g 2 m
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Step by step environmental work
1. Obtain and record information about the existing building: plans, constructionand facilities systems, resources consumption, use profiles, management profiles,
climate, other local conditions, etc.
2. Develop a computerized profile of building environmental impacts (energy byLIDER and CALENER official software; materials and construction waste by TCQ
, . .
3. Identify design options for environmental impact reduction (energy, water,materials, waste, etc.) mainly for refurbishing and use phases with a technical,economic and standard-compliance evaluation.
4. When steps 1, 2 and 3 were completed, realise a new computerized profile of
not and come back to previous works) if all objectives have been reached (at least50% of environmental impacts reductions).
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Most important phases of building life cycle
Production TransportExtraction Use andmaintenance
DisposalConstruction Demolition
1% 65% 0,5%
30% 2% 1,5%
CO2 emissions in the life cycle of buildings. Standard distribution of a50 years life cycle charges (2.500 Kg/m2 in a multiple dwelling building)
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Project and reference buildings
Refurbishing phase(impacts due materials use)
Use phase(impacts due air cooling, heating, lighting, etc.)
Savings at least 50%
Savings at least 50%
Standard
Refurbish
Refurbish whit
environmental
Existing
building
Refurbish
building whitmodel improvements
modelenvironmentalimprovements
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Impact by impact environmental work: energy
Reduce both energy consume and its CO2 emissions in the refurbished building
ect ve
.
-Demand reduction, improving thermal characteristics of building skin, structure incontact to internal air, etc. (insulation, solar protection, infiltration, thermal inertia).
-Efficiency increasing, analysing and, if convenient, replacing facility systems andappliances for low energy consume ones.
- ,offer (solar radiation, wind, temperature gaps throughout the day, etc.).
-Building management, determining new systems regulation or use routines if an.
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Impact by impact environmental work: energy
ct ons
1.
Roof
insulation 2.
Improvement
of
allwindows 3.
More
efficient
air
conditioningplant
4.Faade
insulation
. o ovo a cpane s
inbalconies
11.Solar
protections5.Natural
ventilationin
7.Savinglight
systems
6.Moreefficient boilers
9.Freecooling
inbigHVAC
systems10.Moreefficient
fancoilsinrooms
8.Accurateregulation
forenergysystems
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Impact by impact environmental work: energy
art a resu ts HVAC + HW (hot water) + L (lighting)
Existing building Refurbishment proposal
B 43,1KgCO2/m2
, g 2 m
Final energy (kWh/m2): 140,8Primary energy (kWh/m2): 323,3
Final energy (kWh/m2): 83,5Primary energy (kWh/m2): 159,0
Energy simulations used the software CALENER (official Spain new buildings efficiency energy certification tool). Specialcorrection factors were introduced to represent bioclimatic aspects that could not be calculated in a right way for that tool,like cross ventilation, thermal inertia, etc.
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Impact by impact environmental work: energy
Complementary actions
Energy consumption by use in Palma Beach hotels Source: Balearic Island Government studies
Heating
Hot water
Kitchen
Air conditioning
Lighting
Others
How to reduce the 30% part of energy which is not used in HVAC+HW+L:
-Kitchens, restaurants and bars: hot/fresh water washers and class A refrigerators (up to 65% savings).
- .
-Swimming pools and elevators: engine change to direct transmission, variable speed and electronicregulation systems (up to 30-50% savings).
-Public spaces and rooms: electronic appliances with Energy Starcertification (up to 30-75% savings)
-Hotel staff and guests: training and control programs focused on energy, water and garbage reduction in
building use (up to 20% savings).21/46
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Impact by impact environmental work: water
Reduce water consumption in the refurbished building scenario at least 50% when
ect ve
.
-Demand reduction, optimising performance of guests and hotel staff andredesigning gardens (plants, grass, watering, etc.) for water saving.
-Efficiency improvement, converting, taps, showers, WC discharges, swimmingpools, other appliances to the lowest consume options or, if possible, dry options.
- , , .
-Recycling, purifying, disinfecting and using grey water.
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Impact by impact environmental work: water
Actions
Approach to the current RCH consume: 179 litres/person/day
Efficiencyim rovement:
Local resources use:re lace water from
showers
pool
substitution of non-saving taps, WC
discharges, showers,and other water
net for rainwater.
gardening
appliances.
Reduction of lossesfrom renovation,
eva oration and
water from net forgrey water.
laundry
washing in swimming
pools.
Source: RCH 14.001 ISO standard declaration
sinks
WC
.and statistics from Catalonia Government
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Impact by impact environmental work: water
y rau c a ance
29%savin more
efficient water
appliances
16%greywater
ra nwater
contribution180litres/person/day
(potablewater)
contribution
existing building consume refurbished scenario consume
49%potablewater
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Impact by impact environmental work: water
At least 51% potable water consume saving could be reached.
Results
100%HRC existing building
50%Refurbished scenario (49%)
0%
180 litres/person/day 88 litres/person/day
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Impact by impact environmental work: materials
Reduce both production energy consumption and CO2
emissions in the Palma.
-Keep most of existing materials, repairing and/or refurbishing building systemsinstead demolishing and replacing them.
-Reduce both amounts and impacts of materials, which have to be renovated oradded, using building systems with low intensity per unit of service and
.
-Decrease maintenance charges, using conservation-free, durable and low impactmaterials.
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Impact by impact environmental work: materials
ct ons
Materials to be conserved Materials to be added
Natural but also
renewable materials
Industrial but also
Structure
Skin
recyc a e ma er a s
Reversible joints (torecover materials at
its end-of-life)
Finishes
Parts that can be conserved at least 100%Parts that can be conserved at least 50%
Parttobe
conserved
Parttobe
addedMaintenance
Total
materials
Added materialsSaved materials Life cycle materials28/46
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Impact by impact environmental work: materials
Palma Beach refurbishing model applied to RCH
esu ts TCQ software using BEDEC database calculations
42 KgCO2/m2 77 KgCO2/m
2 119 KgCO2/m2
Refurbishing materials Maintenance materials (50 years) Life cycle materials
sua re ur s ng mo e app e o
273 KgCO2/m2
401 KgCO2/m2
674 KgCO2/m2
Refurbishing materials Maintenance materials (50 years) Life cycle materials
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Impact by impact environmental work: materials
At least 79% energy consumption and CO2 emissions reduction from materials
roduction could be reached.
esu ts
100%Usual refurbishing model
Palma Beach refurbishin model 21%
0%
g 2 m g 2 m
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Impact by impact environmental work: waste
Waste with final destination to landfill or burning (materials that can not be recycled)
Objective
.
Strategies
-Reduce generation(e.g.: prefabricated and modular systems when possible).
-Reuse waste in site (e.g.: concrete or ceramic crushed into new mixes).
- . . , , .
-Recover energy from waste which can not be reused or recycled butcontrolling pollutants (e.g.: wood or plastic mixed with other materials).
-Landfill only waste which can not be reused, recycled or converted in energy(e.g.: plaster, composites, etc)
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Impact by impact environmental work: waste
-
ActionsPhase 1
Reduction proposals
project phase (by designers).
- Waste reduction and management planPhase 4
Management scenarios
Phase 2Amounts and types of waste
Phase 3Recovery possibilities
executed in the building phase (by constructors).Phase 5Final budget
epara on an es na on expec e n e a ma eac e ur s men o e :
Type of w aste Final destination
Ceramic and stone Recycling
Wood Recycling
Glass Recycling
Plastic film Recycling
Pa er and cardboard Rec clin
Plaster Landfilling
Others Depending on material typesDomestic materials Landfilling or burning 32/46
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Impact by impact environmental work: waste
Building systems keys: less waste, recyclable materials
4,79 Kg/m2
Terrazzo flooring
0,86 Kg/m2
ro ec p ase: se ec u ngmaterials that generates lesswaste and design a plan for itsreduction and managementCork flooring
Selective separation task by task
Building phase: run a planRecycling (e.g.: concrete) separate waste task by task
ensuring to get technical recyclingconditions.
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Impact by impact environmental work: waste
At least 54% waste (non-recyclable material land filled and/or burned) reduction
could be reached.
na resu ts scenar o
100%
Usual refurbising model
50%
Palma Beach refurbishing model
0%
65% landfilling/incineration 30% landfilling/incineration
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Impact by impact environmental work: garbage
Garbage with final destination to landfill or burning (materials which can not be
Objective
.
Strategies Thehotelalreadyhas
-Reduce generation (green procurement, trainingprograms for guests and hotel staff, etc.).
andseparationandusually
worksinreductionof
generation(ISO/EMAS)
-Recycle (paper and cardboard, plastics light packaging,
glass and vegetal oil).Itdependsonpublic
-Compost (organics).
-Recover energy from garbage which can not be
a m n s ra onan was e
managers(not onlyonthe
buildingfacilitiesand/or
itsmanagement.)
.
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Impact by impact environmental work: garbage
RCH garbage management (2008)Garbagetype Weight (Kg) % Inplacetreatment Recycled %
Organic 45.207 53,3% Noselectivepickup 0 0,0%
Others 19.374 22,8% Selectivepickup 0 0,0%
Paperandcardboard 9.914 11,7% Selectivepickup 7.931 9,4%
Lightpackaging 2.550 3,0% Noselectivepickup 0 0,0%
Reduce generation
Glass 7.319 8,6% Selectivepickup 6.587 7,8%
Vegetaloil 300 0,4% Specialmanagement 240 0,3%
Toxics andpollutants 135 0,2% Specialmanagement 0 0,0
Total 84.799 100,0% 14.758 17,4%
selective pick up
Mallorca island garbage management (2008)
o a person ay ,
Source:Environmental declarationoftheRCH2008(ISO14.001standards)
Destination Weig t tons % Destination %
Landfill 2338.041 32,5%Not recycled 74%
Energyrecovery 305.489 41,7%
Compost 128.621 17,6%
Improve recycling andcompost efficiency by city
garbage managersRecycling 55.594 8,1%
Total 549.904 100%
Source:MallorcaCouncil
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Impact by impact environmental work: garbage
Ex ected results scenarioThe key for selective separation increasing is to change the street containersbased model to door to door pick up model. It can improve separated garbage
.
17%
reciclado
10% Hotel:lessgeneration
throughout greenprocurementrecycled
48%
reciclado
.
rec cled
,
83%
noreciclado
xterna managers: ncrease
bothrecyclingandcomposting
oforganic,paper, glassand
lightpackaging.not
recycled
41%
norecicladoGarbagewhichcannotbe
compostedorrecycled.
not
recycled
current scenario future scenario
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Impact by impact environmental work: garbage
At least 50% garbage (non-recyclable material land filled and/or burned) reduction
could be reached.
na resu ts scenar o
100%Current situation
Future situation
1
0%
, ,
1
Garbage generated less garbage recycled and/or composted.38/46
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Existing building Refurbished building
Extr.yfab.mats.Transporte
5,62%
0,31%8,26%
1,03%
1,99%
0,33%3,65%
1,89% Materials production
Transport
Obrarehab.Uso(Clim+ACS+ilum)
0,45%0,95%
Refurbishing
Use (HVAC+HW+L)
Mantenimento
Derribo
Maintenance
Demolition
4.856 KgCO2/m2 2.111 KgCO2/m
2
,91,19%
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objectives level
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Refurbishment costs: global and by indicator
, ,
3.134.555,98100%
1.495.183,2047,7%
1.423.088,4245,4%
216.284,366,9%
0,000%
/m2 /m2 /m2 /m2 /m2308,91 147,35 140,25 21,31 0,00
Invest recovery (annual energy price growth 1,5%, financial interest rate 5%)
Skinimprovement Facilities improvementBuildingworksinvestment: 457.523 532.843
Materialslifespan: 75years 25years
Energy and CO2 emissions savings
Benefitsin20years: 202.381 127.068
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The HRC won the 2010 Property Hotel Award
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The HRC after partial refurbishing(summer 2010, partially following the Palma Beach Refurbishing Model)
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Palma Beach Environmental Quality Certification
Criteria for hotel buildings
ENERGYAND ATMOSPHERE 7/12
WATER 7/10
WASTE 3/12
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTQUALITY mandatory/optionalTHERMAL COMFORT 1 1
AIRQUALITY 4/8
NATURALLIGHTING 1/1
ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT mandatory/optionalENVIRONMENTALPOLICY 3/3
BUILDING MANAGEMENT 4/10
GUESTS 1/1
HOTEL STAFF 2/4
SUPPLIERS 3/9
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Palma Beach Environmental Quality Certification
Water consumptionCO2 emissions, built area
(%
)
%
)
emissions
sumption
Existing building Existing buildingRefurbished building Refurbished building
C
O2
Water
con
CO2 emissions, existing buildingCO2 emissions, refurbished building
Water consumption, existing buildingWater consumption, refurbished building
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Palma Beach Environmental Quality Certification
Building sustainability
Environmental management Indoor environment quality
Accomplished criteria Total criteria Minimum criteria
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