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Roberto Paolucci
Outline 2
Selection of real accelerograms based on
displacement-spectrum compatibility
Influence of strong motion processing on numerical
simulations of soil-structure interaction problems
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Roberto Paolucci
Influence of strong motion processing on numerical
simulations of soil-structure interaction problems
A benchmark problem
Seismic response analysis of a diaphragm wall (Foti and Paolucci, 2012)
60 30 60
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
5
55m
150 m
variabilevariabile
z
Vs(z)
variable variable
bedrock Points of control for acceleration
A
B
C
D E
A
B
C
3
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Earthquake Val Comino 7/5/1984 M5.9 Irpinia 23.11.1980 M6.9
Recording Station Atina Bagnoli Irpino
Epicentral Distance 10.3 km 22.6 km
Component NS NSRecording device KINEMETRICS SMA-1 (analo KINEMETRICS SMA-1 (analog)Uncorrected amax 101 cm/s
2 129 cm/s
2
Corrected acceleration time histories from:
1) European Strong Motion Database
2) ITalian ACelerometric Archive
3) PEER strong motion database
Influence of strong motion processing on numerical
simulations of soil-structure interaction problems
Selection of input records for non-linear time-history analyses
4
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Influence of strong motion processing on numerical
simulations of soil-structure interaction problems
ATINA NS record
5
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Influence of strong motion processing on numerical
simulations of soil-structure interaction problems
ATINA NS record
ITACA pad-strip
procedure to safely
remove zero-paddingand ensure compatibility
of SM records
6
tapering + detrend on displacements
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Atina
Influence of strong motion processing on numerical
simulations of soil-structure interaction problems8
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Displacement time histories at top of the wallAtina record
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0 2 4 6 8 10
time [s]
displacemen
ts[cm]
ITACA
PEER
ESMDB
Influence of strong motion processing on numerical
simulations of soil-structure interaction problems10
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-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
-400 -300 -200 -100 0
peak bending moment [kNm/m]
depth[m]
0 100 200 300 400
peak bending moment [kNm/m]
itaca
peer
esmdb
conf statica
(a) (b)
end of excavation
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
peak displacement [m ]
depth[m]
-0.025 -0.020 -0.015 -0.010 -0.005 0.000
peak displacement [m]
itacapeer
esmdb
conf statica
(a) (b)
end of excavation
Influence of strong motion processing on numerical
simulations of soil-structure interaction problems
peak values of displacement and bending momentAtina record
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BagnoliBending Moment
[kNm/m]Displacement
[cm]
Left wall Right wall Left wall
Right
wallITACA -441.1 500.3 14.0 -12.6
PEER -462.0 472.6 10.8 -11.7
ESMDB -449.0 505.3 -54.6 -59.0
Bending Moment
[kNm/m]
Displacement
[cm]Left wall Right wall Left wall Right wall
ITACA -372.0 354.9 2.50 -2.05
PEER -370.1 349.7 1.99 -2.06
ESMDB -375.7 354.0 2.56 -1.90
Influence of strong motion processing on numerical
simulations of soil-structure interaction problems
Atina
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Summary
Consequences of processing procedure
Limited on bending moments
Relevant (20-30%) on displacements (important for PBD)
Differences observed on a relatively rigid system (conservative design with PS
approach of EC8). Likely higher effects on more flexible systems
Engineering rules to avoid gross errors in the use of real accelerograms used as input
motion for non-linear dynamic soil-structure interaction analyses:
do not manipulate the corrected record provided by the database;
prefer records corrected by acausal filtering;
prefer digital records; check, before the numerical simulation, that velocities and displacements resulting
by integration of the input acceleration are not affected by unphysical drifts.
Influence of strong motion processing on numerical
simulations of soil-structure interaction problems13
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Outline 14
Selection of real accelerograms based on
displacement-spectrum compatibility
Influence of strong motion processing on numerical
simulations of soil-structure interaction problems
S l ti f l l b d di l t
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15
Introductory works at Politecnico from 2000 to 2010, for
characterization of long period ground motion
displacement spectra at long periods ( Faccioli et al., 2004)
Study on the reliability of long period spectral ordinates from digital
accelerograms ( Paolucci et al., 2008)
GMPE at long periods ( Cauzzi and Faccioli, 2008)
PSHA at long periods for Italian sites ( Faccioli and Villani, 2009)
Selection of real accelerograms based on displacement-
spectrum compatibility
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16Reliability of long-period response spectral ordinates from digital accelerograms
After Paolucci et al., 2008
Zihuatanejo
Jan 11, 1997 Michoacn
(MW7.1, Re=143 km)
Morge
Sep 8, 2005 Pennine Alps(MW4.4, Re=17 km)
"the elastic spectra from the most basic processing, in which only the pre-event
mean is removed from the acceleration time series, do not diverge from the
baseline-corrected spectra until periods of 1020 sec (...) Akkar and Boore (2009)
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1717
Seismic Hazard Map of Italy
(02 s)
DPC-INGV Project S12005-2007
http://esse1.mi.ingv.it
Probabilistic seismic hazard studies in Italy
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1818
DPC-INGV Project S52005-2007
Faccioli and Villani, 2009
Long period PSHA in Italy: maps of D10
Probabilistic seismic hazard studies in Italy
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1919Probabilistic seismic hazard studies in Italy
Long period PSHA in Italy: map of TD
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2020Probabilistic seismic hazard studies in Italy
How to match short and long period PSHA results and put them in a
format for engineering applications ?
towards a target displacement spectrum for Italian sites (TDSI)
Selection of real accelerograms based on displacement
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SIMBAD: a database for engineering analyses of long
period ground motion
Target displacement spectra for Italian sites
Software REXEL-DISP v 1.1
Examples of application
Selection of real accelerograms based on displacement-
spectrum compatibility
Joint research activity of Politecnico di Milano & Universit Federico II Napoli
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FDTT
TTTTFCSDFDTTT
CSDTTT
T
T
TFSaTTT
NTCseeTT
TS
F
EF
FcFE
cED
CgDC
C
D
10
1010
10
2
2
04
08
)(
A Target Displacement Spectrum for Italian Sites
Broadband displacement spectrum for design, matching the Italian
NTC08 regulations at short periods with the long period PSHA
1
20
102
log4
log
D
C
Dg
c
T
T
TFa
CD
375.030/800 SVF
D10,TDfrom Project S5, while ag, , S, Cc, F0, TC, TE, TFcome from NTC08
: factor introduced to match short and long
periods (
=1 for constant velocity)
F: long period site factor (from S5 project)
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Italian norms NTC08
Long period PSHA
Connecting branch T-
A Target Displacement Spectrum for Italian Sites
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= 0.85 -1.4
A Target Displacement Spectrum for Italian Sites
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Comparison of TDSI with NTC08 (Italian seismic regulations)
DC
DCgg
TTa
TTaSdd
max
max
025.0
025.0
NTC08 TDSI
DC TTFaMSD 0max025.0 CCSDMSD 10 FDd 10max
9.10.1/800 375.030 SVF
A: VS30
= 800 m/s; B: VS30
= 580 m/s; C/E:
VS30
= 270 m/s; D: VS30
= 140 m/s
A Target Displacement Spectrum for Italian Sites
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Site factors
NTC08 TDSI
A Target Displacement Spectrum for Italian Sites
31Selection of real accelerograms based on displacement-
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SIMBAD: a database for engineering analyses of long
period ground motion
Target displacement spectra for Italian sites
Software REXEL-DISP v 1.1
Examples of application
Selection of real accelerograms based on displacement
spectrum compatibility
3232SIMBAD: Selected Input Motions for displacement Based
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3232SIMBAD: Selected Input Motions for displacement-BasedAssessment and Design
Worldwideregions
EC8Sitec
lasses
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3434S ft REXEL DISP 1 1 ( l i it)
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3434Software REXEL-DISP v 1.1 (www.reluis.it)
available at http://www.reluis.it
35Selection of real accelerograms based on displacement-
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SIMBAD: a database for engineering analyses of long
period ground motion
Target displacement spectra for Italian sites
Software REXEL-DISP v 1.1
Examples of application
Selection of real accelerograms based on displacement
spectrum compatibility
3636E l f li ti
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3636
Dependence on the target spectrum (NTC08 vs TDSI)
Aquila, TR = 475 years
%26%,11 max avg %27%,6 max avg
Examples of application
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Dependence on seismicity level
(Aquila vs Udine, TR = 475 yr, TDSI)
%27%6 max avg %28%9 max avg
Examples of application
3838Examples of application
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3838
Broadband compatibility
(Aquila, TR = 475 years, TDSI)
Examples of application
39Practical hints for using REXEL DISP
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Type of application Hints
Search for 7 one- or two-
component displacement-
spectrum compatible
accelerograms
- preference to unscaled records
- use of wide magnitude and distance intervals (e.g., default values: 5-7
and 0-30 km) and any site class (due to the limited number of records on
some soil types in the SIMBAD database)
- ensure spectral matching over a rather broad range of vibration periods
(e.g., default values: 0.5-8 s)
- when searching for scaled records the use of limited magnitude and
distance range is found to be more feasible.Search for displacement-
spectrum compatible
individual records
- preference to unscaled records
- use of wide magnitude and distance intervals (e.g., default values: 5-7
and 0-30 km) and any site class
- limit spectral compatibility to relatively small period ranges (e.g., 1-3 s)
Search for 30 displacement-
spectrum compatible
accelerograms
- preference to unscaled records when selecting 30 one-component
records but the use of scale factors is advisable when searching for 30
two-component records.- use of wide magnitude intervals (e.g., default values: 5-7) and any site
class
- ensure spectral matching over a rather broad range of vibration periods
(e.g., default values: 0.5-8 s)
- when searching for scaled records the use of limited magnitude and
distance range is found to be more feasible.
Practical hints for using REXEL-DISP
4040Concluding remarks
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4040Concluding remarks
Why using spectral displacements as a target for ground motion selection?
the target magnitude range is naturally satisfied;
no need to scale accelerograms;
a broadband spectral compatibility is easily achieved (NLTHA of
MDOF systemsnon-linear dynamic SSIsoil stability problems)
... but ...
the accelerograms should be selected from high-quality strong-motion
databases, covering the seismic hazard levels and site conditions ofinterest;
the target spectrum should be carefully defined based on seismic hazard
studies at long periods
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