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From Ostpolitik towards a European Peace Order?The Federal Republic of Germany and European Détente
”Signature of the year”
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Superpower détente vs. European détente
The German question at the heart of the cold war in Europe
Impact of West German détente policies: continuity or change?
”Everybody loves Germany now!”
Introduction: Europe, Germany and Détente
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The Grand Design of Brandt and Bahr
Change through rapprochement
Answer to the German question only possible after a European solution
Evolution of bilateral agreements into a ”European peace order” as a long-term goal
”… ”… working towards a state working towards a state of peace in Europe, in which of peace in Europe, in which the German people can the German people can regain its unity in free self-regain its unity in free self-determination”determination”
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Bilateral Détente: West German Ostpolitik
””The key is in Moscow”The key is in Moscow”
Main issues: Main issues: renunciation of force, renunciation of force, inviolability of borders, inviolability of borders, coming to terms with coming to terms with the past the past
German-German German-German negotiations: ”from no negotiations: ”from no relations to bad relations to bad relations”relations”
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Multilateral Détente: The FRG in the Western Alliance
”Ostpolitik begins in the West”
Harmel Report and MBFR: NATO as a political actor
European Political Cooperation: from the Six to the Nine
The CSCE: overlapping Western institutions
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Amplifying Ostpolitik: The FRG and the CSCE
Instrumentalisation
Active engagement in the conference preparations
Basket I: principles
Basket II: economy
Basket III: human rights
Basket IV: follow-up
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Conclusion: The End of an Era
Conservative nature of détente in general
Limits of West German freedom for manoeuvre
The German question was not solved, only left open
Short-term and long-term consequences