16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
North American Technical Center Public Radiation Safety Research Program REMP Study
Jason T. Harris, M.S.Purdue University/NATC
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Outline
Introduction Public Dose Study Effluents REMP Conclusions Acknowledgements
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Introduction
NATC Research Activities Liquid and gaseous effluents BNL Collected and tabulated US NPP
effluent data prior to 1994 1996 NATC asked to take over task (as
independent scientific organization for UNSCEAR)
Since 1998, NATC has collected and performed research on effluent data from NRC and licensees (support of UNSCEAR, EPRI, NEI, ANI, licensees and universities)
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Introduction NATC NPP Environmental and Public Health
Work In 2000, NATC program became known as the
Public Radiation Safety Program Goals include:
development and maintenance of database for use by NPPs, regulatory bodies and scientific analysis
Expanded trend analysis, benchmarking and discussion of effluent data
Standardized entry form development for licensee use
Establishment of effluent website for general use Establishment of an effluent expert group Modeling and “hot issue” analysis Now extended to rad waste and environmental
monitoring
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Introduction
Data Compilation and Purpose Ongoing Research
Evaluate significance, if any, of NPP effluent/rad waste releases in terms of trends, dose commitments and benchmarking (emphasis on sister plant comparisons)
Analysis of data from 1994-present
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Public Dose Study Preliminary Research Statement
Perform a comprehensive public dose analysis of all nuclear power plant emissions (liquid, gaseous, and solid) over the last 10 years (1995-2004) using US NRC and UNSCEAR methodologies. Components:
“Closed-loop” analysis of NPP radioactive analyses Trend analysis of effluents for the future, comparisons for
future reactors, and siting Sister-plant comparisons, effects of electricity generation
and radwaste systems. Effects of failed fuel, power up-rates, license extensions REMP pathway assessments Correlated results Creation of new models
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Public Dose Study Purpose of Research
Protection of public health and safety Litigation protection, environmental pathway
validity, trending, projected impact (license renewals, new NPP construction, power-uprates), public perception
Compliance with National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended and National Cancer Institute (1991 cancer study, JAMA - 3/21/91)
10 year study of all data for U.S. NRC, NSF (National Science Foundation), NPP utilities and UNSCEAR
ICRP 2005 Draft Recommendations (protection of non-human species)
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Public Dose Study Data Collection
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Reports (10 year period) All data collected for period of 1994-present (2005 in progress)
Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Reports (10 year period) Reports collected for period of 1994-present (2005 in progress)
Pre-operations environmental reports (Final Environmental Statements) In Progress
Data Analysis (completion goal: winter 2006/2007) Effluent and solid waste activities, electrical generation, collective
dose All data analyzed for period of 1993-present
REMP data (pathways, doses, meteorological conditions) In progress
Statistics Modeling (projected impact)
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
NATC U.S. Effluent Database
Developed to satisfy needs of U.S. and international organizations Format – U.S. NRC Reg. Guide 1.21
reports and UNSCEAR Raw and un-normalized values (Ci
and GBq) for individual units and sites (operating and shutdown)
Normalized values (activity vs. net electrical energy, not the best)
Collective effective dose calculated (UNSCEAR)
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
SOURCES AND EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2000 Report to the General Assembly,with scientific annexes
Volume I: SOURCES
Publications
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Liquid and Gaseous Activity Released from Pressurized Water Reactors: International Data (1980-2004)
CEPN
December 2005
Publications
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Effluent Release Trends Important to evaluate release
trends, especially as nuclear power generation steadily increases in the U.S. through relicensing, power uprates, and possible new construction
Trends evaluated for un-normalized and normalized data (better reflect particular operating conditions and no skewed values, but public doesn’t care)
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Effluent Impacts Although effluent releases are well below regulatory limits
(1%) it is important to continually monitor and scrutinize your effluent release program Effluent releases have a direct financial impact on nuclear liability
insurance premiums via the ERF program. There is also an indirect financial impact. Performance information also plays an important part in the development of insurance risk profiles that support loss control strategies at each nuclear power plant facility.
As technology improves, MDAs will decrease and what may not have been there in the past, may now appear
Increased environmental findings at several operating and decommissioned plants
Public perception and confidence (Reputation!)
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
website.lineone.net/ ~jean.cheesman/Arooster2.jpg
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Gaseous Tritium TrendsTotal Gaseous Tritium Released
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Years
To
tal R
aw R
elea
se (
Ci) PWR
BWR
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Liquid Tritium TrendsTotal Liquid Tritium Released
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Years
To
tal R
aw R
elea
se (
Ci)
PWR
BWR
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Dose Determination
Dose determination performed to evaluate the human effects of effluents
Currently NATC uses UNSCEAR effluent dose assessment model (for average trends) Uses “representative” environmental conditions
and population density Collective effective dose per unit of electrical
energy generated (normalized release divided by calculated collective doses per unit release – from dose pathway models)
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Total Gaseous Tritium Collective Effective Dose
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Years
CE
D (
man
mS
v/G
W a
)
PWR
BWR
Gaseous Tritium CED
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Total Liquid Tritium Collective Effective Dose
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Years
CE
D (
man
mS
v/G
W a
)
PWR
BWR
Liquid Tritium CED
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
REMP Study
Purpose Validate effluent releases Evaluate correlations
(plant type, radwaste systems, etc.)
Track program changes Evaluate pathway
significance Calculate general
collective dose 10 years (1995-2004)
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
REMP Study Components
Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Reports
Summary Data Analysis Type and # of measurements
Direct radiation, air iodine/particulates, fish and inverts, milk, sediments, vegetation (broadleaf), water (drinking, surface, ground, well)
Indicator location - mean, low and high Control location mean, low and high # of non-routine values
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
REMP Study Analysis
Statistics Regression analysis, ANOVA, ANCOVA SAS
Significance (if any) by plant type (PWR/BWR), sister plant, age, electrical generation, etc.
Comparison with effluents “Overall” plant release balance (effluents/solid
waste) Public dose analysis New model development (EPRI?)
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
REMP Study Conclusions
Next year’s workshop – complete results Even over last 10 years, drastic cutback of
REMP programs Need greater emphasis on ground and well
water monitoring (most non-routine results) Very difficult to quantify/compare REMP w/
RETS Natural background, lld’s, etc.
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Acknowledgements
David W. Miller, Ph.D. University of Illinois/NATC/AEP, Cook Nuclear Plant
US NRC PDR Staff US NPP RETS-REMP staff
Funding provided by NATC, NPP utilities, EPRI and DoE OCRWM Fellowship Program
16th Annual RETS-REMP WorkshopMashantucket, CTJune 26-28, 2006
Questions?
Thank You!