Download - 1.introduction to interaction design
INTERACTION DESIGNOverview, Methods and Practices
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
Why is the feel of Mac OSX and Windows system different when they both do the same thing
It is because of the behavior of the system
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
It is because of the behavior of the system
Interestingly, it is hard to observe and understand, however it potentially changes the whole experience
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
How do you delete a single mail in both email interfaces?
Some real life situations
Typing a mail for 15 minutes, computer suddenly shuts down and mail is not saved
Not able to hear your friend’s voice on the phone, not matter what you speak. Later, you realize that the phone is connected to headphones
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
Informally,
Interaction Design is common sense design
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
In formal terms,
Interaction Design facilitates interactions/communication between humans through products and services
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
Interaction Design facilitates interactions/communication between humans through products and services
These communications may happen in several forms such as, one to one via email, one to many via group mail, many to many via stock information
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
Interaction Design facilitates interactions/communication between humans through products and services
These communications may happen in several forms such as, one to one via email, one to many via group mail, many to many via stock information
Communication may happen in several digital mediums such as web based applications, hand held & applications, radio, TV, specialized device and more
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
Interaction Design facilitates interactions/communication between humans through products and services
These communications may happen in several forms such as, one to one via email, one to many via group mail, many to many via stock information
Communication may happen in several digital mediums such as web based applications, hand held & applications, radio, TV, specialized device and more
Forms and mediums may have several interaction modalities such as GUI, human senses such as speech, touch, vision, smell, gesture and many more
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
Interaction Design facilitates interactions/communication between humans through products and services
These communications may happen in several forms such as, one to one via email, one to many via group mail, many to many via stock information
Communication may happen in several digital mediums such as web based applications, hand held & applications, radio, TV, specialized device and more
Forms and mediums may have several interaction modalities such as GUI, human senses such as speech, touch, vision, smell, gesture and many more
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
Facilitates interactions/communication
• Forms
• Digital mediums
• Interaction modalities
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
Industrial designersGraphic designers
Information architectsCopy writers
Interaction Designers
Form Content
Behavior
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
Interaction design is not necessarily the creation of websites or applications. It is not necessarily multimedia design or graphical user interface (GUI) design, and it does not even have to have a primary focus on advanced technology, although technology of some kind plays a significant role
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
Interaction Design by Bill Verplank
INTERACTION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
Interaction Design by Gillian Crampton Smith
INTERACTION DESIGNHistory and Evolution
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Computers referred to human beings, people whose daily work for figuring of
calculations, such as for producing engineering table
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Computers referred to human beings, people whose daily work for figuring of
calculations, such as for producing engineering table
Interestingly, they were not digital devices. Before digital computers came analog
computers
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Patch cables and switches. calculating artillery-firing tables
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Special purpose devices
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Special purpose devicesDesigned as automatic calculator
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Special purpose devicesDesigned as automatic calculator
Military domains
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Special purpose devicesDesigned as automatic calculator
Military domainsPatches and cable
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Special purpose devicesDesigned as automatic calculator
Military domainsPatches and cable
Dominant paradigm for interaction with computer was electronic
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Data card and controller card – Punch card
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
MITS Altair, Apple II, Commodore PET, First mouse
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
KeyboardMouse based interactions
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
KeyboardMouse based interactions
Hobbyist & engineers
KeyboardMouse based interactions
Hobbyist & engineersDominant paradigm for interaction with
computer changes from electronic to symbolic
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Command line interface, Wordstar, VisiCalc
KeyboardMouse based interactions
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
KeyboardMouse based interactions
Hobbyist & engineers
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
KeyboardMouse based interactions
Hobbyist & engineersApplication development
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
KeyboardMouse based interactions
Hobbyist & engineersApplication development
Dominant paradigm for interaction with computer changes from symbolic to
textual
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Graphical user interface
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Graphical user interfaceWindows, menu, icons
Use of graphics and text together
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Graphical user interfaceWindows, menu, icons
Use of graphics and text togetherVisual metaphors
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Graphical user interfaceWindows, menu, icons
Use of graphics and text togetherVisual metaphors
Use of two dimensional space
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Graphical user interfaceWindows, menu, icons
Use of graphics and text togetherVisual metaphors
Use of two dimensional spaceComputers for everyone
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Graphical user interfaceWindows, menu, icons
Use of graphics and text togetherVisual metaphors
Use of two dimensional spaceComputers for everyone
Dominant paradigm for interaction with computer changes from symbolic to
graphical
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Summarizing this..
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Approaches to Interaction Design & Technology
Electronics Symbolic Textual Graphical
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Approaches to Interaction Design & Technology
Electronics Symbolic Textual Graphical
Evolution of usersInventor Engineers Experts Trained We
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Approaches to Interaction Design & Technology
Electronics Symbolic Textual Graphical
Evolution of usersInventor Engineers Experts Trained We
Evolution of usageMilitary Business Context based
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
ElectronicSymbolicTextual
GraphicalNow what??
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
image source: http://www.streettech.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=950
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Lego Mindstorm
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORYimage source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/71815479@N05/6489551341/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Nintendo Wii
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORYimage source: http://projetsabiabo.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/reactable_03.jpg
Reactable
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORYimage source: http://aadezyn.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Shiftables.jpg
Siftable
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Topobo
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Nabaztag
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Skal: media for children
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Mixed Reality by Nokia
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
New technology in Health Care
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
What is common among these examples?
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
New and Natural ways to interact with technology
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Older ways to interact with new technology
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Several ways products interact with you
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Things that do not look like technology
INTERACTION DESIGN - HISTORY
Using technology to
create art
INTERACTION DESIGN – NEW DISCIPLINE
Emergence of new discipline
INTERACTION DESIGN – NEW DISCIPLINE
• Tangible Interaction
• Physical Computing
• Augmented Reality
• Gesture based Interaction
• Ubiquitous Computing
INTERACTION DESIGN – NEW DISCIPLINE
• Tangible InteractionInteracting with information through tangible objects with tangible and/or intangible output
INTERACTION DESIGN – NEW DISCIPLINE
• Tangible InteractionInteracting with information through tangible objects with tangible and/or intangible output
• Physical ComputingUse of body or physical objects to interact with computers
INTERACTION DESIGN – NEW DISCIPLINE
• Tangible InteractionInteracting with information through tangible objects with tangible and/or intangible output
• Physical ComputingUse of body or physical objects to interact with computers
• Augmented RealityReal world environment elements are augmented by computer generated sensory input
INTERACTION DESIGN – NEW DISCIPLINE
• Gesture based InteractionUse of human body & senses to interact with information
INTERACTION DESIGN – NEW DISCIPLINE
• Gesture based InteractionUse of human body & senses to interact with information
• Ubiquitous ComputingSystem of smart and networked objects
PROJECT KICK-OFF
How does typically a project starts?
Design Brief
Design brief, with a specific problem given by client
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Design Brief
Design brief, with a specific problem given by client
Design brief, with broader framework is given by the client
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Design Brief
Design brief, with a specific problem given by client
Design brief, with broader framework is given by the client
Technology driven, research driven and future direction driven design
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Design Brief (specific problem)
Users are complaining about a particular problem. Help us solve it- Business manager
e.g. Checkout button is not found on e-commerce platform
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Design Brief (broad framework)
Our new product is a business failure, it is not working, selling and performing- CEO
e.g. new launched PDA is not selling, new launched PDA is out of style, new launched PDA’s user interface is not appealing
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Technology, Research and Future
New technology interventions and trends showcases potential to explore new possibilities of design solution. Research can be done to design, evaluate and to identify market acceptance and success
e.g. the future of tele-communication is touch screen based, lets exploreGesture enabled platforms have proven positive in entertainment, lets explore in health and education
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Details provided in brief document
Goals: Launch a touch enabled andriod phone for farmers helping them in agriculture practices
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Details provided in brief document
Goals: Launch a touch enabled andriod phone for farmers helping them in agriculture practices
Contents: weather information, crops, government schemes etc.
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Details provided in brief document
Goals: Launch a touch enabled andriod phone for farmers helping them in agriculture practices
Contents: weather information, crops, government schemes etc.
User survey (feedback): conducted study indicates that 90% of farmers use local services and peer information for agri related information
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Details provided in brief document
Goals: Launch a touch enabled andriod phone for farmers helping them in agriculture practices
Contents: weather information, crops, government schemes etc.
User survey (feedback): conducted study indicates that 90% of farmers use local services and peer information for agri related information
Brand consideration: we want elegant user interface design. The final product must align with the series of existing products
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Details provided in brief document
Goals: Launch a touch enabled andriod phone for farmers helping them in agriculture practices
Contents: weather information, crops, government schemes etc.
User survey (feedback): conducted study indicates that 90% of farmers use local services and peer information for agri related information
Brand consideration: we want elegant user interface design. The final product must align with the series of existing products
Technical and financial constraints: the final product needs to be a website with a specific backend software compatible
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Details provided in brief document
Goals: Launch a touch enabled andriod phone for farmers helping them in agriculture practices
Contents: weather information, crops, government schemes etc.
User survey (feedback): conducted study indicates that 90% of farmers use local services and peer information for agri related information
Brand consideration: we want elegant user interface design. The final product must align with the series of existing products
Technical and financial constraints: the final product needs to be a website with a specific backend software compatible
Timeline, deliverable format, contact information of stakeholders, experts, user and more
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Design, Management and Technology
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Design, Management and Technology
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Desirability Viability
Capability
Design, Management and Technology
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Desirability (Designers)
User modelMotivations,
behaviours, attitudes, aptitudes
Product designDesign schedule, form and behaviour specs
User effectiveness ,
customer adoptions
Design, Management and Technology
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Desirability (Designers)
Viability(Mgmt.)
User modelMotivations,
behaviours, attitudes, aptitudes
Product designDesign schedule, form and behaviour specs
User effectiveness ,
customer adoptions
Business modelFunding, income,
expenses, projection etc.
Business planMarketing plan,
launch plan, distribution plan
Sustainable business
Design, Management and Technology
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Desirability (Designers)
Viability(Mgmt.)
Capability(Technologist)
User modelMotivations,
behaviours, attitudes, aptitudes
Product designDesign schedule, form and behaviour specs
User effectiveness ,
customer adoptions
Business modelFunding, income,
expenses, projection etc.
Business planMarketing plan,
launch plan, distribution plan
Sustainable business
Technology modelCore technology & component, build &
buy.
Technology planEngineering schedule,
engineering specsProject delivery
Design, Management and Technology
PROJECT KICK-OFF
Desirability (Designers)
Viability(Mgmt.)
Capability(Technologist)
User modelMotivations,
behaviours, attitudes, aptitudes
Product designDesign schedule, form and behaviour specs
User effectiveness ,
customer adoptions
Business modelFunding, income,
expenses, projection etc.
Business planMarketing plan,
launch plan, distribution plan
Sustainable business
Technology modelCore technology & component, build &
buy.
Technology planEngineering schedule,
engineering specsProject delivery
Overall Product Success
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
Four approaches to Interaction Design
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
Four approaches to Interaction Design
User (Human) Centered Design
Activity Centered Design
Systems Design
Genius Design
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
User (Human) Centered Design
Users know the best. They understand their needs, problems and desires
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
User (Human) Centered Design
Users know the best. They understand their needs, problems and desires
Objective is to focus on user needs and goals.e.g. to become educated, to purchase grocery online etc.
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
User (Human) Centered Design
Users know the best. They understand their needs, problems and desires
Objective is to focus on user needs and goals.e.g. to become educated, to purchase grocery online etc.
Users are key players guiding the design. They are involved at every stage of the design process
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
User (Human) Centered Design
Users know the best. They understand their needs, problems and desires
Objective is to focus on user needs and goals.e.g. to become educated, to purchase grocery online etc.
Users are key players guiding the design. They are involved at every stage of the design process
Designer translates the user needs and goals into design decisions
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
User (Human) Centered Design
It can also be named “Goal Oriented Design Process”
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
Activity Centered Design
Activity – a cluster of actions and decision that are done to accomplish a task e.g. make a cake in oven, switch on the light
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
Activity Centered Design
Activity – a cluster of actions and decision that are done to accomplish a task e.g. make a cake in oven, switch on the light
Goal: to eat and satisfy hungerActivity: make a sandwich(Goal is a broader set while activity is more focused)
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
Activity Centered Design
Goal: to purchase clothsDecide to by new clothsWhat kind of cloths to buyWhere to buyGet directions of cloth storeDecide the mode of transportArrive at storeEnter the storeChoose appropriate sectionChoose appropriate clothsPay the bill….
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
Activity Centered Design
Focuses narrowly on the tasks than broader sets of goals
Problem: Sometimes actual problem and goal is missed out just focusing on activities and tasks
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
Goals, Tasks and Activities
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
Goals, Tasks and Activities
Goal is an expectation of an end condition, whereas activities and tasks are intermediate steps (at different levels of organizations) that helps someone to reach a goal or set of goals
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
Goals, Tasks and Activities
A traveler traveling from Guwahati to Delhi is likely to travel quickly, comfortably and safely.
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
Goals, Tasks and Activities
A traveler traveling from Guwahati to Delhi is likely to travel quickly, comfortably and safely.
In 1950s, traveller would travel in a closed wagon and a rifle for safe and comfortable journey
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
Goals, Tasks and Activities
A traveler traveling from Guwahati to Delhi is likely to travel quickly, comfortably and safely.
In 1950s, traveller would travel in a closed wagon and a rifle for safe and comfortable journey
In 2010, traveller would travel through air for safe and comfortable journey with keeping his rifle at home
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
Goals, Tasks and Activities
A traveler traveling from Guwahati to Delhi is likely to travel quickly, comfortably and safely.
In 1950s, traveller would travel in a closed wagon and a rifle for safe and comfortable journey
In 2010, traveller would travel through air for safe and comfortable journey with keeping his rifle at home
In both the cases, traveller’s goal is the same, but the activities and tasks associated with them are different
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
System Design
A set of arrange components makes a system
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
System Design
Sensor Comparator Actuator
Environment
Input Output
Goal
Affects
Feedback loop
Disturbances
THE SYSTEM
(System, based on the diagram by Hugh Dubberly and Paul Pangaro, 2003)
APPROACHES TO INTERACTION DESIGN
Genius Design
Decision are taken based on the wisdom and experience of the designer to make design decision
Needs to be practiced by experienced designers
Shorter timeline; fast, quick and personal way to work; reflects designer’s own sensibility
e.g. Apple i-pod
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Interaction Design Process – An Overview
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Interaction Design Process – An OverviewGoal Directed Design Methods
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method
Researchusers, area of work
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method
Researchusers, area of work
Modelingusers, use context
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method
Researchusers, area of work
Modelingusers, use context
Requirementsdefinition of user,
business, technical needs
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method
Researchusers, area of work
Modelingusers, use context
Requirementsdefinition of user,
business, technical needs
Frameworkdefinition of design structure and flow
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method
Researchusers, area of work
Modelingusers, use context
Requirementsdefinition of user,
business, technical needs
Frameworkdefinition of design structure and flow
Refinementof behaviours, form
and content
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method
Researchusers, area of work
Modelingusers, use context
Requirementsdefinition of user,
business, technical needs
Frameworkdefinition of design structure and flow
Refinementof behaviours, form
and content
Supportdevelopment needs
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method
Researchusers, area of work
Modelingusers, use context
Requirementsdefinition of user,
business, technical needs
Frameworkdefinition of design structure and flow
Refinementof behaviours, form
and content
Supportdevelopment needs
Understanding
Abstracting
Structuring
Representing
Detailing(by Gillian Crampton Smith and Philip
Tabor)
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method
Researchusers, area of work
Modelingusers, use context
Requirementsdefinition of user,
business, technical needs
Frameworkdefinition of design structure and flow
Refinementof behaviours, form
and content
Supportdevelopment needs
Understanding
Abstracting
Structuring
Representing
Detailing(by Gillian Crampton Smith and Philip
Tabor)
Discover
Define
Design Deliver
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method - Research
Research
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
Scopedefine project goals and schedule
Objectives, timeline, financial constraints, process etc.
MeetingsCapabilities and scoping
Document statement of work
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method - Research
Research
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
Scopedefine project goals and schedule
Objectives, timeline, financial constraints, process etc.
MeetingsCapabilities and scoping
Document statement of work
AuditReview existing work and product
Business & marketing plans, brand strategy, market research, competition market, relevant technologies
Research
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
Scopedefine project goals and schedule
Objectives, timeline, financial constraints, process etc.
MeetingsCapabilities and scoping
Document statement of work
AuditReview existing work and product
Business & marketing plans, brand strategy, market research, competition market, relevant technologies
Stakeholder interviews
Product vision, limitations, constraints, understanding users, existing research, findings and loopholes
Interviews with stakeholders
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method - Research
Research
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
Scopedefine project goals and schedule
Objectives, timeline, financial constraints, process etc.
MeetingsCapabilities and scoping
Document statement of work
AuditReview existing work and product
Business & marketing plans, brand strategy, market research, competition market, relevant technologies
Stakeholder interviews
Product vision, limitations, constraints, understanding users, existing research, findings and loopholes
Interviews with stakeholders
Expert interviews Understanding domain of work, users, problems, needs, technologies
Relevant contact information
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method - Research
Research
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
Scopedefine project goals and schedule
Objectives, timeline, financial constraints, process etc.
MeetingsCapabilities and scoping
Document statement of work
AuditReview existing work and product
Business & marketing plans, brand strategy, market research, competition market, relevant technologies
Stakeholder interviews
Product vision, limitations, constraints, understanding users, existing research, findings and loopholes
Interviews with stakeholders
Expert interviews Understanding domain of work, users, problems, needs, technologies
Relevant contact information
User interviews and observations
Users, needs, problems, desires, behaviour, motivation, tools, environment, challenges
Check primary research findings
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method - Research
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method - Research
Research
What to do?Stakeholder interviews, literature reviews, market research, white paper, competitor research, technology overview, expert interviews, user research, ethnographic field study technique, focus groups
Outcome:Set of behavioral patterns, suggested user goals and motivations, business goals, domain understanding, limitations and challenges
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method - Modeling
Modeling
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
PersonaUser and customer archetypes
Patterns in user behaviour, goals, attitude, environment, tools, challenges
Check inpersonas
Modeling
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
PersonaUser and customer archetypes
Patterns in user behaviour, goals, attitude, environment, tools, challenges
Check inpersonasOther models
Represent domain factors beyond individual users and customers
Workflow among multiple people, environment, culture, artifacts
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method - Modeling
Modeling
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
PersonaUser and customer archetypes
Patterns in user behaviour, goals, attitude, environment, tools, challenges
Check inpersonasOther models
Represent domain factors beyond individual users and customers
Workflow among multiple people, environment, culture, artifacts
What to do?Affinity analysis, research analysis, behavior patterns
Outcome:Domain and user models, persona
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method - Modeling
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method – Requirement definition
Requirements definitions
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
ScenariosStories about ideal user experience
How product fits into user’s life, context, environment and help achieve goals
Check inScenarios and requirements
DocumentUser and domain analysis
Video/paper/other software based scenario
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method – Requirement definition
Requirements definitions
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
ScenariosStories about ideal user experience
How product fits into user’s life, context, environment and help achieve goals Check in
Scenarios and requirements
DocumentUser and domain analysis
Video/paper/other software based scenario
RequirementsDescribe necessary features of the product
Functional and data needs, user mental models, design imperatives, product vision, technology
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method – Requirement definition
Requirements definitions
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
ScenariosStories about ideal user experience
How product fits into user’s life, context, environment and help achieve goals Check in
Scenarios and requirements
DocumentUser and domain analysis
Video/paper/other software based scenario
RequirementsDescribe necessary features of the product
Functional and data needs, user mental models, design imperatives, product vision, technology
What to do?Analysis of persona data, functional needs (objects, actions and context), persona expectations, creating problem and vision statements, brainstorming, scenario building, business goals, technical constraints
Outcome:The “what” of design, high level touch points of the product, requirements balancing user, business and technical needs
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method – Design framework
Design framework
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
ElementsDefine manifestations of information & functionality
Information, functions, mechanisms, actions, domain object models
Check inDesign framework
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method – Design framework
Design framework
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
ElementsDefine manifestations of information & functionality
Information, functions, mechanisms, actions, domain object models
Check inDesign frameworkFramework
Design overall structure of user experience
Object relationships, conceptual groupings, navigation sequencing, principle and patterns, flow, sketches
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method – Design framework
Design framework
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
ElementsDefine manifestations of information & functionality
Information, functions, mechanisms, actions, domain object models
Check inDesign frameworkFramework
Design overall structure of user experience
Object relationships, conceptual groupings, navigation sequencing, principle and patterns, flow, sketches
Key path and validation scenario
How the design fits into an ideal sequence of user behaviours, how persona interacts with a product
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method – Design framework
Design framework
What to do?Information architecture, wireframe creation, navigational models, story boarding, prototyping
Outcome:Overall product concept, visual design framework and strategy, product design, product’s behavior, data and functional needs,
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method – Design refinement
Design refinement
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
Detailed design Appearance, idioms, interface, widgets, information visualization, brand, experiencer, language etc.
Check inDesign refinement
DocumentForm and behaviour specification
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Method – Design support
Design support
Activity Concerns Stakeholder collaboration
Deliverable
Design modificationAccommodate new constraints and timeline
Maintaining conceptual integrity of the design under changing technology constraints
Collaborative design DocumentForm and behaviour specification
Goal Directed Design Process
Powerful tool for answering questions that is essential for defining and designing digital products:
• Who are my users?
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Process
Powerful tool for answering questions that is essential for defining and designing digital products:
• Who are my users?
• What are my users trying to accomplish?
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Process
Powerful tool for answering questions that is essential for defining and designing digital products:
• Who are my users?
• What are my users trying to accomplish?
• How do my users think about what they are trying to accomplish?
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Process
Powerful tool for answering questions that is essential for defining and designing digital products:
• Who are my users?
• What are my users trying to accomplish?
• How do my users think about what they are trying to accomplish?
• How should the product behave?
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Process
Powerful tool for answering questions that is essential for defining and designing digital products:
• Who are my users?
• What are my users trying to accomplish?
• How do my users think about what they are trying to accomplish?
• How should the product behave?
• What form should the product take?
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Process
Powerful tool for answering questions that is essential for defining and designing digital products:
• Who are my users?
• What are my users trying to accomplish?
• How do my users think about what they are trying to accomplish?
• How should the product behave?
• What form should the product take?
• How will users interact with my product?
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Process
Powerful tool for answering questions that is essential for defining and designing digital products:
• Who are my users?
• What are my users trying to accomplish?
• How do my users think about what they are trying to accomplish?
• How should the product behave?
• What form should the product take?
• How will users interact with my product?
• How can the product’s functions be most effectively organized?
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Process
Powerful tool for answering questions that is essential for defining and designing digital products:
• Who are my users?
• What are my users trying to accomplish?
• How do my users think about what they are trying to accomplish?
• How should the product behave?
• What form should the product take?
• How will users interact with my product?
• How can the product’s functions be most effectively organized?
• How will the product introduce itself to first time users?
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Process
Powerful tool for answering questions that is essential for defining and designing digital products:
• How can the product put an understandable, appealing, controllable face on technology?
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Process
Powerful tool for answering questions that is essential for defining and designing digital products:
• How can the product put an understandable, appealing, controllable face on technology?
• How can the product deal with problems that users encounter?
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
Goal Directed Design Process
Powerful tool for answering questions that is essential for defining and designing digital products:
• How can the product put an understandable, appealing, controllable face on technology?
• How can the product deal with problems that users encounter?
• How can the provide sufficient depth and power for expert users?
INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS – AN OVERVIEW
LAWS OF INTERACTION DESIGN
LAWS OF INTERACTION DESIGN
Genius Design
Moore’s Law
Fitts’ Law
Hick’s Law
The magical number seven
Tesler’s Law
The Poka-Yoke Principle
LAWS OF INTERACTION DESIGN
Moore’s Law
Gordon Moore (co-founder of Intel)
“ Every two years, the number of transistors on integrated circuits (a rough measure of computer processing power) will double”
LAWS OF INTERACTION DESIGN
Fitts’ Law
Paul Fitts,
“Time it takes to move from a starting position to a final target is determined by two factors: the distance to the target and the size of the target”
The larger the target, the faster it can be pointed to. Similarly, the closer the target, the faster it can be pointed to.
Applications:-Right click for drop down
-Clickable objects like buttons needs to be of reasonable sizes. The smaller it is, harder it is to manipulate
- Edges and corners for menu bars and buttons: infinite reach due to infinite height and width
LAWS OF INTERACTION DESIGN
Hick’s Law
Hick-Hyman Law,
“Time it takes for users to make decisions is determined by the number of choices they have”
“Time it takes to make a decision is affected by two factors: familiarity with the choices, such as fro repeated use, and the format of the choices-are they sound of words, videos or buttons”
LAWS OF INTERACTION DESIGN
Magical number seven
George Miller (Professor at Princeton university),
“The human mind is best able to remember information in chucks of seven times, plus or minus two”
After five to nine pieces of information, human mind start making error
Designers should take care not to design product that causes cognitive overload by ignoring Magical Number Seven rule
LAWS OF INTERACTION DESIGN
Tesler’s Law
Larry Tesler,
“Some complexity is inherent to every process. There is a point beyond which you can not simplify a process any further, you can only more the inherent complexity from one place to another”e.g. email client
Law’s Application:All processes have elements that can not be made simpler, no matter how much we tinker with them
Designers need to look for reasonable places to move the complexity into products they make. The burden of complexity can be shared or divided by the products
LAWS OF INTERACTION DESIGN
Poka-Yoke Principle
Shigeo Shingo (Japanese Industrial Designer),
Designers use poka-yoke when they put constraints on products to prevent errors, forcing users to adjust their behavior and correctly execute an operation
e.g. left-right soft key on mobile phone, groove to place interactive cube, USB cords and fitting groove
LAWS OF INTERACTION DESIGN
Interaction Designer must become an expert in how human beings relate to each other, and to the world, and to the changing nature of technology and business.
RESEARCH METHODS
Elements of interaction design
MotionSpaceTime AppearanceTextureSound
LAWS OF INTERACTION DESIGN
Characteristics of good interaction design
TrustworthyAppropriate SmartResponsiveCleverLudicPleasurable(Designing for interaction)
Other characteristics of interaction design
Direct and indirect manipulationFeedback and feed forward
LAWS OF INTERACTION DESIGN