![Page 1: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d
n = 1
n = 2n = 3
![Page 2: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
NUCLEUS
1s
2s 2p
3s
3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
Energy Level
Sublevels Total Orbitals
1 s 1s
2 s,p 1s+3p = 4
3 s,p,d 1s+3p+5d = 9
4 s,p,d,f 1s+3p+5d+7f = 16
n n types n2
![Page 3: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Electron Configuration
![Page 4: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Explain the pattern of configuration using the Periodic Table.
• Explain the Aufbau, Pauli and Hund rules.
• Write the electron configuration or orbital box diagrams for a variety of atoms and ions.
![Page 5: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Electrons are constantly spinning which results in a magnetic field. Two electrons can occupy the same orbital only if they have opposite spins.
Each orientation for a sublevel contains a maximum of 2 e-.
![Page 6: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Energy Level
Sublevels Total # e- capacity
1 s 1 2
2 s,p 1+3 = 4 8
3 s,p,d 1+3+5 = 9 18
4 s,p,d,f 1+3+5+7 = 16 32
n n types n2 2n2
![Page 7: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d
n = 1
n = 2n = 3
![Page 8: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Aufbau Principle
Unexcited electrons fill the lowest, most stable, energy orbital available – ground state.
Range of energies contains some overlap between higher principle levels.
![Page 9: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hund ruleElectrons must enter empty orbitals of equal energy first before joining occupied orbitals.
![Page 10: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Electron Configuration
Orbital Box Diagrams
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d4s
![Page 11: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Energy level (n) of valence electrons is the same as the period of the atom.
Periodic Table shows orbital filling for the electron configuration of elements.
1234567
![Page 12: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Draw orbital box and electron config for carbon.
C: 1s2 2s2 2p2
1s 2s 2p
Draw orbital box and electron config for Mg.
Mg: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
1s 2s 2p 3s
![Page 14: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Draw electron config for germanium.
Ge – atomic number 32
Ge: 4s2 3d10 4p2
Shorthand notation using noble gas “kernels.”
Ge: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
[Ar]
![Page 15: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
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Use the periodic table to help write the shorthand configurations for Mn and Ag.
Mn: [Ar] 4s2 3d5 Ag: [Kr] 5s2 4d9
![Page 16: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Valence electrons are the electrons found in the outer-most or highest quantum level (n).
F = 9 electrons
1s2 2s2 2p5
The valence configuration is 2s2 2p5
Ge = 32 electrons
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2
The valence configuration is 4s2 4p2
![Page 17: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Valence electrons also removed from highest quantum level (n) in positive ions.
F- = 9 electrons + 1
1s2 2s2 2p5
The ION configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6
Fe+2 = 26 electrons - 2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6
The ION configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6
![Page 18: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Some exceptions to the rule:
![Page 19: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Exceptions exist as the energy differences between higher energy sublevels become smaller.
Half-filled and completely filled subshells have extra stability – causes electron promotion.
![Page 20: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cr: [Ar] 4s2 3d4 Cu: [Ar] 4s2 3d9
Actual configurations:Cr: [Ar] 4s1 3d5 Cu: [Ar] 4s1 3d10
4s 3d 4s 3d
Electron promotion accounts for multiple ionization states (Fe+2, Fe+3…)
![Page 21: 1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d n = 1 n = 2 n = 3. NUCLEUS 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p4d 4f Energy Level SublevelsTotal Orbitals 1s1s1s 2s,p1s+3p = 4 3s,p,d1s+3p+5d = 9 4s,p,d,f1s+3p+5d+7f](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5517268255034603568b5a6c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CAN YOU ? / HAVE YOU?
• Explain the pattern of configuration using the Periodic Table.
• Explain the Aufbau, Pauli and Hund rules.
• Write the electron configuration or orbital box diagrams for a variety of atoms and ions.