Download - 2 Mekanisme Resp
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
MECHANISM HUMAN RESPIRATION
Breathing, or pulmonary ventilation, consists of two phaseso Inspiration – air flows into the lungs I Expiration – gases exit the lungs
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
Pulmo respiration can happen with 2 way
Breast breathing caused intercostae muscle contraction
Stomatch respiration caused diafragma muscle contraction
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
Respiratory Volumes
1. Tidal volume 2. Inspiratory reserve volume 3. Expiratory reserve volume 4. Residual volume
Respiratory Capacities
1. Inspiratory capacity 2. Functional residual capacity 3. Vital capacity 4. Total lung capacity
Breathing Air
Tidal volume (TV)
= air that moves into and out of the lungs during a quiet
breathing
= (around 500 ml)
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
Respiratory Volumes
1. Tidal volume 2. Inspiratory reserve volume 3. Expiratory reserve volume 4. Residual volume
Respiratory Capacities
1. Inspiratory capacity 2. Functional residual capacity 3. Vital capacity 4. Total lung capacity
Breathing Air
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) / Complementary
Air (CA)
= air that can be inspired maximally after a tidal
inspiration
= + 1500 ml
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
Respiratory Volumes
1. Tidal volume 2. Inspiratory reserve volume 3. Expiratory reserve volume 4. Residual volume
Respiratory Capacities
1. Inspiratory capacity 2. Functional residual capacity 3. Vital capacity 4. Total lung capacity
Breathing Air
Expiratory reservevolume (ERV) /
Supplementary Air
= air that can be expired maximally after a normal
expiration
= + 1500 ml
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
Respiratory Volumes
1. Tidal volume 2. Inspiratory reserve volume 3. Expiratory reserve volume 4. Residual volume
Respiratory Capacities 1. Inspiratory capacity 2. Functional residual capacity 3. Vital capacity 4. Total lung capacity
Breathing Air
Residual volume (RV)
= air left in the lungs after doing maximally
expiration
= + 1000 ml
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
Respiratory Volumes
1. Tidal volume 2. Inspiratory reserve volume 3. Expiratory reserve volume 4. Residual volume
Respiratory Capacities 1. Inspiratory capacity 2. Functional residual capacity 3. Vital capacity 4. Total lung capacity
Breathing Air
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
= total amount of air that can
be inspired after a tidal Expiration
= (IRV + TV)
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
Respiratory Volumes
1. Tidal volume 2. Inspiratory reserve volume 3. Expiratory reserve volume 4. Residual volume
Respiratory Capacities 1. Inspiratory capacity 2. Functional residual capacity 3. Vital capacity 4. Total lung capacity
Breathing Air
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
= amount of air remaining in the lungs after a tidal expiration
= (RV + ERV)
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
Respiratory Volumes
1. Tidal volume 2. Inspiratory reserve volume 3. Expiratory reserve volume 4. Residual volume
Respiratory Capacities 1. Inspiratory capacity 2. Functional residual capacity 3. Vital capacity 4. Total lung capacity
Breathing Air
Vital capacity (VC)
= the total amount of exchangeable air
= (TV + IRV + ERV)
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
Respiratory Volumes
1. Tidal volume 2. Inspiratory reserve volume 3. Expiratory reserve volume 4. Residual volume
Respiratory Capacities 1. Inspiratory capacity 2. Functional residual capacity 3. Vital capacity 4. Total lung capacity
Breathing Air
Total lung capacity (TLC)
= maximal amount of air that the lung is able to hold
= VC + RV
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
1500cc
500 cc
1500cc
1000cc
Tidal volume
Extra inspiratory volume
Extra expiratory volume
residual volume
Spyrograph volume of the lung
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
Frequency of Respiration
•The movement of respiration is influenced by content of CO2 in the blood and regulated by center of in medulla oblongata.
•The frequency of human’s respiration generally between 15 – 18 times each minute.
•The factor which influence the frequency of respiration are:
Age
Sex
Temperature of body
Position of body
Activity of body
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
Transport and Exchange of O2
O2 Exchange
Oxygen’s circulation from pulmo to body’s cells is caused by difference of oxygen’s partial pressure (P).
P O2 Atmosphere = 760 mmHg
P O2 Pulmo = 150 mmHg
P O2 in artery of alveolus = 105 mmHg
P O2 Tissue = 0-40 mmHg
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
O2 Transport
A lot of oxygen are tied up and carried by Hb in Oxyhemoglobin compound material ± 97%, which 3% floats away and to be carried by blood plasma.
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
The current of CO2 can be held cause the pressure is different.
P CO2 Tissue = 60 mmHg
P CO2 in Vena = 47 mmHg
P CO2 alveolus = 40 mmHg
Transport and Exchange of CO2
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
CO2 exchange
After O2 reached the tissues, food oxidation is held and will produce energy, H2O an CO2 in the tissue
C6H12O6 + O2 + Energy
Excretion organ
H2O + CO2
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
3222 222 COHOHCOenzim
anhidrase→+
2. As bicarbonate ions resulting from the dissociation of bicarbonate acid (60% to 70%)
CO2 Transport
In blood, CO2 will be transported to the lung in three forms :
• Dissolved in blood plasma Carbonate Acid (7% to 10%)
−+ +→ 332 2 HCOHCOH
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
3. Bound to hemoglobin Carbominohemoglobin compound (20% to 33%)
22 HbCOHbCO →+
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
NEGATIVE RESULT OF CIGARETTE FOR RESPIRATION SYSTEM
The cigarette contain from dangerous particle:
•Nicotine
•Tar carcinogenic (cause cancer)
•CO
•Benzopiren
•Phenol
•Cadmium
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
It’s can cause some disturbance in respiration system like:
Reduce oxygen transport capacity from blood because of monoxide carbon absorption.
Reduce capability of the lung to take and use oxygen as much as 50%.
Destroy the little arteries that bring blood to the lung surface for oxygenation.
Irritate mucus membrane from throat and lung, that can cause cough so possibility to has irritation is more big.
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
ANOMALY AND DISEASE IN RESPIRATION
The example which by germ infection:
•TBC Mycobacterium tuberculosis
•Pneumonia Diplococcus pneumonia
•Diphtheria Corynebacterium diphteriae
•Bronchitis
Suripto, Spd -- SMANSA
The example which caused by non infection:•Asthma•Asfiksi•Tonsil•Polyp•Adenoid•Emphysema