Download - 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
1/15
Modals to ExpressDegrees of Certainty
Nosy Neighbors
2
Focus on Gramm ar 5Part II, Unit 6By Ruth Luman, Gabriele Steiner, and BJ WellsCopyright © 2006. Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
2/15
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
3/15
Nosy Neighbors 2
I haven’tseen the
Chins for amonth.
They mayhave been
abducted by
aliens.
Or theymight be
staying withtheir son for
a while.
Well, theycouldn’t have
gone on
vacation. Thedog is still there.
Hmmm. They must have
moved to an
exotic island.
Then theyshould be
very happy.
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
4/15
Speculating about the Present
Modals speculating about the present arefollowed by a base form verb .
Then they shou ld be very happy.
base form verb
You cou ld be right.
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
5/15
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
6/15
Review
Modals and modal-like expressions expressdegrees of certainty .
Degree of Certaintycertain near
certaintynearimpossibility
lesscertain
nomodal
musthave tohave got to
can’tcouldn’t
maymightcould
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
7/15
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
8/15
He had to have robbed abank.
They must have moved toan exotic island.
Near Certainty
There are several modals that express near certainty,including m ust have and had t o h ave.
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
9/15
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
10/15
Less Certainty
There are several modals that express less certainty,including m ay , and m i g h t .
They may have been abductedby aliens.
They might be staying with theirson.
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
11/15
Practice 1Use modals to suggest reasons forthese classroom situations. Speculateon what might have happened.
Example : One of your classmates is late.She must have gotten stuck in traffic.There was a big accident.
1. You smell smoke.
2. The teacher is angry.
3. The desks are shaking.
4. You can’t find your textbook.
5. The lights go out.
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
12/15
She ough t to take us for a drive soon.
Modals speculating about the future are also followedby a base form verb. The modals shou ld and o u g h tto express near certainty.
Speculating about the Future 1
That Ferrari shou ld last a lifetime.
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
13/15
Speculating about the Future 2
Use m ay , m i g h t , and cou ld when you areless certain.
The Chins may not return.
The house might get sold.
They could move next month.
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
14/15
Practice 2Use modals to express future
possibilities about these present situations.
Example : We shop for food at grocery stores.‘Smart’ kitchens might calculate what we need andorder it electronically. In the future, householdcomputers may do all our shopping.
1. Ordinary people don’t travel in space.
2. Houses are made of wood.
3. People pay for products with cash or credit cards.
4. Our fingerprints provide identification.
-
8/18/2019 2 Modals to Express Degree of Certainty
15/15
References
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education and
its licensors. All rights reserved.