1
DeweyBurdPubEm Resource
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Hearing Identifier: Powertech_Uranium_Dewey_Burdock_LA_Public Email Number: 62 Mail Envelope Properties (44CD2E65B0FF0E499CB32BC30CF781F0108E913BF6) Subject: Emailing: REACT.TS Internal Contam presentation see UO4.ppt Sent Date: 8/24/2010 5:13:24 PM Received Date: 8/24/2010 5:14:24 PM From: Burrows, Ronald Created By: [email protected] Recipients: "Burrows, Ronald" <[email protected]> Tracking Status: None Post Office: HQCLSTR01.nrc.gov Files Size Date & Time MESSAGE 346 8/24/2010 5:14:24 PM REACT.TS Internal Contam presentation see UO4.ppt 683630 Options Priority: Standard Return Notification: No Reply Requested: No Sensitivity: Normal Expiration Date: Recipients Received:
atment for Interatment for Interwithwith RadRadwith with RadRad
Doran ChrisDoran ChrisDoran ChrisDoran ChrisAssociate DireAssociate Dire
rnal Contaminarnal Contaminadionuclidesdionuclidesdionuclidesdionuclides
stensen DOstensen DOstensen, DOstensen, DOector, REAC/TSector, REAC/TS
ObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectives
Understand PrincipleUnderstand PrincipleUnderstand PrincipleUnderstand PrincipleUnderstand PrincipleUnderstand PrincipleKnow Action Levels fKnow Action Levels fK Fi M t CK Fi M t C
Understand PrincipleUnderstand PrincipleKnow Action Levels fKnow Action Levels fK Fi M t CK Fi M t CKnow Five Most ComKnow Five Most ComInternal ContaminatioInternal ContaminatioKnow Five Most ComKnow Five Most ComInternal ContaminatioInternal Contaminatio
es of Incorporationes of Incorporationes of Incorporationes of Incorporationes of Incorporationes of Incorporationfor Treatmentfor Treatment
T fT f
es of Incorporationes of Incorporationfor Treatmentfor Treatment
T fT fmmon Types of mmon Types of onon
mmon Types of mmon Types of onon
4 Golden Rules4 Golden Rules(Adapted from Kent Ols
4 Golden Rules4 Golden Rules
Treat the Patient befTreat the Patient befTreat the Patient befTreat the Patient befPrevent or Reduce EPrevent or Reduce EEnhance the EliminaEnhance the EliminaPrevent or Reduce EPrevent or Reduce EEnhance the EliminaEnhance the EliminaConsider Specific AConsider Specific AConsider Specific AConsider Specific A
s of Toxicologys of Toxicologyson, MD FACEP)
s of Toxicologys of Toxicology
fore the Poisonfore the Poisonfore the Poisonfore the PoisonExposureExposureation of the Agentation of the AgentExposureExposureation of the Agentation of the Agentgg
AdjunctsAdjunctsgg
AdjunctsAdjuncts
Annual LimitAnnual LimitAnnual LimitAnnual LimitAnnual Limit Annual Limit Annual Limit Annual Limit
The derived limit for thThe derived limit for thThe derived limit for thThe derived limit for thmaterial taken into thmaterial taken into thworker by inhalation worker by inhalation ALI is the smaller valALI is the smaller val
material taken into thmaterial taken into thworker by inhalation worker by inhalation ALI is the smaller valALI is the smaller valALI is the smaller valALI is the smaller valradionuclide in a yearadionuclide in a yeathat would result in athat would result in a
ALI is the smaller valALI is the smaller valradionuclide in a yearadionuclide in a yeathat would result in athat would result in adose equivalent of 5 dose equivalent of 5 committed dose equicommitted dose equisievert) to any individsievert) to any individ
dose equivalent of 5 dose equivalent of 5 committed dose equicommitted dose equisievert) to any individsievert) to any individsievert) to any individsievert) to any individ(see (see 10 CFR 20.100310 CFR 20.1003.).)sievert) to any individsievert) to any individ(see (see 10 CFR 20.100310 CFR 20.1003.).)
of Intakeof Intakeof Intakeof Intakeof Intakeof Intakeof Intakeof Intake
he amount of radioactive he amount of radioactive he amount of radioactive he amount of radioactive he body of an adult he body of an adult or ingestion in a year. or ingestion in a year. ue of intake of a givenue of intake of a given
he body of an adult he body of an adult or ingestion in a year. or ingestion in a year. ue of intake of a givenue of intake of a givenue of intake of a given ue of intake of a given r by the reference man r by the reference man
a committed effective a committed effective
ue of intake of a given ue of intake of a given r by the reference man r by the reference man
a committed effective a committed effective rems(0.05 sievert) or a rems(0.05 sievert) or a valent of 50 rems (0.5 valent of 50 rems (0.5
dual organ or tissuedual organ or tissue
rems(0.05 sievert) or a rems(0.05 sievert) or a valent of 50 rems (0.5 valent of 50 rems (0.5
dual organ or tissuedual organ or tissuedual organ or tissue. dual organ or tissue. ) ) dual organ or tissue. dual organ or tissue. ) )
Radiation AccRadiation AccPose ToxicoloPose ToxicoloProblemsProblems
Radiation AccRadiation AccPose ToxicoloPose ToxicoloProblemsProblemsProblemsProblemsProblemsProblems
The Dose makesThe Dose makesThe Dose makesThe Dose makesThe Dose makesThe Dose makesAcute (ThresholAcute (ThresholThe Dose makesThe Dose makesAcute (ThresholAcute (ThresholLongLong--Term ToxiTerm ToxiALI / MPBBALI / MPBBLongLong--Term ToxiTerm ToxiALI / MPBBALI / MPBBALI / MPBBALI / MPBBALI / MPBBALI / MPBB
< 1 ALI < 1 ALI -- No TreNo Tre1 1 -- 10 ALI 10 ALI -- ConsiConsi
> 10 ALI> 10 ALI TreatmTreatm
< 1 ALI < 1 ALI -- No TreNo Tre1 1 -- 10 ALI 10 ALI -- ConsiConsi
> 10 ALI> 10 ALI TreatmTreatm> 10 ALI > 10 ALI -- TreatmTreatm> 10 ALI > 10 ALI -- TreatmTreatm11Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol 41, NoRadiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol 41, No
cidents can cidents can ogy ogy cidents can cidents can
ogy ogy
s the Poisons the Poisons the Poisons the Poisons the Poisons the Poisond Effects)d Effects)
s the Poisons the Poisond Effects)d Effects)citycitycitycity
1
eatment Necessaryeatment Necessaryider Shortider Short--Term TxTerm Txmentment
eatment Necessaryeatment Necessaryider Shortider Short--Term TxTerm Txmentmentmentmentmentment
o 1, 1992, p. 25o 1, 1992, p. 25
Sample ALIsSample ALIsSample ALIsSample ALIsSample ALIsSample ALIsSample ALIsSample ALIs
RadioisotopeRadioisotope ALIALI--IIRadioisotopeRadioisotope ALIALI--IIRadioisotopeRadioisotope ALIALI II
33HH
RadioisotopeRadioisotope ALIALI II
33HH1414CC3232PP3333PP
1414CC3232PP3333PP3333PP3535SS125125II
3333PP3535SS125125II125125II125125II
Source – Princeton University, Source – Princeton University,
IngestionIngestion ALIALI--InhalationInhalationIngestionIngestion ALIALI--InhalationInhalationIngestionIngestion ALIALI InhalationInhalation(mCi)(mCi) (mCi)(mCi)8080 8080
IngestionIngestion ALIALI InhalationInhalation(mCi)(mCi) (mCi)(mCi)8080 808022 220.60.6 0.60.666 88
22 220.60.6 0.60.666 8866 881010 20200 040 04 0 060 06
66 881010 20200 040 04 0 060 060.040.04 0.060.060.040.04 0.060.06
Environmental Health & SafetyEnvironmental Health & Safety
PsychologicaPsychologicaInternal ContInternal ContPsychologicaPsychologicaInternal ContInternal ContInternal ContInternal ContInternal ContInternal Cont
Radiation ExposureRadiation ExposureRadiation ExposureRadiation ExposureRadiation Exposure Radiation Exposure Long after AccidentLong after AccidentEstimates of Dose aEstimates of Dose a
Radiation Exposure Radiation Exposure Long after AccidentLong after AccidentEstimates of Dose aEstimates of Dose aEstimates of Dose aEstimates of Dose adistressingly Variabdistressingly VariabEstimates of Dose aEstimates of Dose adistressingly Variabdistressingly Variab
al Aspects of al Aspects of taminationtamination
al Aspects of al Aspects of taminationtaminationtaminationtaminationtaminationtamination
Sometimes ContinuesSometimes ContinuesSometimes ContinuesSometimes ContinuesSometimes Continues Sometimes Continues
nd Effects arend Effects are
Sometimes Continues Sometimes Continues
nd Effects arend Effects arend Effects are nd Effects are le even among Expertsle even among Expertsnd Effects are nd Effects are le even among Expertsle even among Experts
RadionuclideRadionuclideHazardous MaHazardous MaRadionuclideRadionuclideHazardous MaHazardous MaHazardous MaHazardous MaHazardous MaHazardous Ma
E il D t t blE il D t t blE il D t t blE il D t t blEasily DetectableEasily DetectableUse Health Physicist Use Health Physicist H i i tH i i t
Easily DetectableEasily DetectableUse Health Physicist Use Health Physicist H i i tH i i tHygienistHygienistDoes not Require SpeDoes not Require SpeHygienistHygienistDoes not Require SpeDoes not Require SpeCare ProvidersCare ProvidersNot an Immediate LifeNot an Immediate LifeCare ProvidersCare ProvidersNot an Immediate LifeNot an Immediate LifeCan Wait until PatienCan Wait until PatienDecontaminationDecontaminationCan Wait until PatienCan Wait until PatienDecontaminationDecontamination
s vs. Other s vs. Other aterialsaterialss vs. Other s vs. Other aterialsaterialsaterialsaterialsaterialsaterials
Instead of Industrial Instead of Industrial Instead of Industrial Instead of Industrial
ecial Clothing for Health ecial Clothing for Health ecial Clothing for Health ecial Clothing for Health
ee--Threatening HazardThreatening Hazardee--Threatening HazardThreatening Hazardggt is Stable before t is Stable before
ggt is Stable before t is Stable before
Use Your MediUse Your MediUse Your MediUse Your MediPhysicistPhysicist
Document Presence oDocument Presence oActivity, Accident DeActivity, Accident DeDocument Presence oDocument Presence oActivity, Accident DeActivity, Accident DeCollect Samples DocCollect Samples DocAssist in DecontaminAssist in DecontaminCollect Samples DocCollect Samples DocAssist in DecontaminAssist in DecontaminCalculate/Document Calculate/Document Dispose of RadioactivDispose of RadioactivCalculate/Document Calculate/Document Dispose of RadioactivDispose of RadioactivDispose of RadioactivDispose of RadioactivDispose of RadioactivDispose of Radioactiv
ical or Healthical or Healthical or Health ical or Health
of Radionuclides, of Radionuclides, tailstailsof Radionuclides, of Radionuclides, tailstailsumenting Contaminationumenting Contamination
nation Proceduresnation Proceduresumenting Contaminationumenting Contamination
nation Proceduresnation ProceduresDose CalculationsDose Calculationsve Wasteve WasteDose CalculationsDose Calculationsve Wasteve Wasteve Wasteve Wasteve Wasteve Waste
Bioassay is of Bioassay is of ValueValueBioassay is of Bioassay is of ValueValueValueValueValueValue
Slow (Days)Slow (Days)Slow (Days)Slow (Days)Slow (Days)Slow (Days)Must Have Total CollMust Have Total Coll
d Fd F
Slow (Days)Slow (Days)Must Have Total CollMust Have Total Coll
d Fd Fand Fecesand FecesCan Overestimate UpCan Overestimate Upand Fecesand FecesCan Overestimate UpCan Overestimate UpSpecimen May Get CSpecimen May Get CSpecimen May Get CSpecimen May Get C
Limited Limited Limited Limited
lection of Both Urine lection of Both Urine lection of Both Urine lection of Both Urine
ptake by Factor of 3 ptake by Factor of 3 --55ptake by Factor of 3 ptake by Factor of 3 --55ContaminatedContaminatedContaminatedContaminated
Whole Body CoWhole Body CoDifficult withDifficult withWhole Body CoWhole Body CoDifficult withDifficult withDifficult withDifficult withDifficult withDifficult with
Residual Skin ContamResidual Skin ContamResidual Skin ContamResidual Skin ContamResidual Skin ContamResidual Skin Contam
Calibration of PhantoCalibration of Phanto
Residual Skin ContamResidual Skin Contam
Calibration of PhantoCalibration of Phanto
Lung Distribution VaLung Distribution VaLung Distribution VaLung Distribution Va
Variable Thickness oVariable Thickness oVariable Thickness oVariable Thickness o
ounting ounting h Actinidesh Actinidesounting ounting
h Actinidesh Actinidesh Actinidesh Actinidesh Actinidesh Actinides
minationminationminationminationminationmination
oms Deficientoms Deficient
minationmination
oms Deficientoms Deficient
ries with Timeries with Timeries with Timeries with Time
of Sternum / Chest Wallof Sternum / Chest Wallof Sternum / Chest Wallof Sternum / Chest Wall
Toxicologic PrToxicologic PrData)Data)Toxicologic PrToxicologic PrData)Data)Data)Data)Data)Data)
DetailsDetailsDetailsDetailsDetails Details Radionuclides InvRadionuclides InvL b t LiL b t Li
Details Details Radionuclides InvRadionuclides InvL b t LiL b t LiLaboratory LicensLaboratory LicensMaximum CredibleMaximum CredibleLaboratory LicensLaboratory LicensMaximum CredibleMaximum CredibleGeometry, DistancGeometry, Distanc
Potential for ExpoPotential for ExpoGeometry, DistancGeometry, Distanc
Potential for ExpoPotential for ExpoppPoison Control AnPoison Control An
ppPoison Control AnPoison Control An
roblem:roblem: (Gather (Gather roblem:roblem: (Gather (Gather
volvedvolvedvolvedvolvedeee Exposuree Exposureeee Exposuree Exposureces, Timesces, Timessuresureces, Timesces, Timessuresurenalogynalogynalogynalogy
Hospital ResoHospital ResoHospital ResoHospital ResoHospital ResoHospital ResoHospital ResoHospital Reso
Radiologist or NucleRadiologist or Nucle
Medical or Health PhMedical or Health Ph
Radiologist or NucleRadiologist or Nucle
Medical or Health PhMedical or Health PhMedical or Health PhMedical or Health Ph
Radiation Safety OffRadiation Safety Off
Medical or Health PhMedical or Health Ph
Radiation Safety OffRadiation Safety Offyy
Nuclear Medicine DeNuclear Medicine De
yy
Nuclear Medicine DeNuclear Medicine De
Nuclear Medicine GaNuclear Medicine GaNuclear Medicine GaNuclear Medicine Ga
ourcesourcesourcesourcesourcesourcesourcesources
ear Medicine Physicianear Medicine Physician
hysicisthysicist
ear Medicine Physicianear Medicine Physician
hysicisthysicisthysicisthysicist
ficer ( RSO )ficer ( RSO )
hysicisthysicist
ficer ( RSO )ficer ( RSO )( )( )
econtamination Areaecontamination Area
( )( )
econtamination Areaecontamination Area
amma Cameraamma Cameraamma Cameraamma Camera
Hospital NM GaHospital NM GaFor Selected IntFor Selected IntContaminationContamination
Hospital NM GaHospital NM GaFor Selected IntFor Selected IntContaminationContaminationContaminationContaminationContaminationContamination
Radionuclide WBC (MDA in air) GammaRadionuclide WBC (MDA in air) Gamma
125I 030-2.6201Tl 0.20 0.51-0.699mTc 0.09 0.37-0.3111In 0.12 0.40-0.5133Ba 0 11 0 71 0 8
125I 030-2.6201Tl 0.20 0.51-0.699mTc 0.09 0.37-0.3111In 0.12 0.40-0.5133Ba 0 11 0 71 0 8133Ba 0.11 0.71-0.8131I 0.12 0.56-1.085Sr 0.11 0.68-0.9137Cs 0.13 1.04-2.254Mn 0.10 1.06-1.8
133Ba 0.11 0.71-0.8131I 0.12 0.56-1.085Sr 0.11 0.68-0.9137Cs 0.13 1.04-2.254Mn 0.10 1.06-1.860Co 0.10 1.27i-1.60Co 0.10 1.27i-1.
amma Cameraamma Cameraternal ternal nn
amma Cameraamma Cameraternal ternal nnnnnn
a Camera (MDA in air) G-M Survey CounterScatter Media (MDA in air)
a Camera (MDA in air) G-M Survey CounterScatter Media (MDA in air)( )
62 3.68-29.90 9069 2.40-3.48 18839 1.15-1.53 14456 1.36-1.64 16589 1 88 2 50 20
( )62 3.68-29.90 9069 2.40-3.48 18839 1.15-1.53 14456 1.36-1.64 16589 1 88 2 50 2089 1.88-2.50 2009 1.51-2.71 5999 1.85-3.22 9026 2.47-4.03 5984 2.70-4.24 38
89 1.88-2.50 2009 1.51-2.71 5999 1.85-3.22 9026 2.47-4.03 5984 2.70-4.24 3848 2.11-3.15 1448 2.11-3.15 14
External ResoExternal ResoExternal ResoExternal ResoExternal ResoExternal ResoExternal ResoExternal Reso
State Radiological HeState Radiological He
Radiation EmergencyRadiation Emergency
State Radiological HeState Radiological He
Radiation EmergencyRadiation EmergencyRadiation EmergencyRadiation EmergencyTraining Site (REAC /Training Site (REAC /Radiation EmergencyRadiation EmergencyTraining Site (REAC /Training Site (REAC /
CHEMTREC (for HazMCHEMTREC (for HazM800 / 424800 / 424--93009300CHEMTREC (for HazMCHEMTREC (for HazM800 / 424800 / 424--93009300
ourcesourcesourcesourcesourcesourcesourcesources
ealth Departmentealth Department
y Assistance Center /y Assistance Center /
ealth Departmentealth Department
y Assistance Center /y Assistance Center /y Assistance Center / y Assistance Center / / TS) / TS) -- 865 / 576865 / 576--10051005y Assistance Center / y Assistance Center / / TS) / TS) -- 865 / 576865 / 576--10051005
Mat components only) Mat components only) Mat components only) Mat components only)
Other ExternaOther ExternaOther ExternaOther ExternaOther ExternaOther ExternaOther ExternaOther ExternaAgency for Toxic SubAgency for Toxic SubR i t (ATSDR) 24R i t (ATSDR) 24Agency for Toxic SubAgency for Toxic SubR i t (ATSDR) 24R i t (ATSDR) 24Registry (ATSDR) 24 Registry (ATSDR) 24 404 / 639404 / 639--0615 (No An0615 (No AnRegistry (ATSDR) 24 Registry (ATSDR) 24 404 / 639404 / 639--0615 (No An0615 (No An
Dept Of Energy (DOEDept Of Energy (DOEOperations Center Operations Center Dept Of Energy (DOEDept Of Energy (DOEOperations Center Operations Center 24 Hour Line 202 / 5824 Hour Line 202 / 58
Nuclear Regulatory CNuclear Regulatory C
24 Hour Line 202 / 5824 Hour Line 202 / 58
Nuclear Regulatory CNuclear Regulatory CNuclear Regulatory CNuclear Regulatory C24 Hour Line 301 / 8124 Hour Line 301 / 81
301 / 95301 / 95
Nuclear Regulatory CNuclear Regulatory C24 Hour Line 301 / 8124 Hour Line 301 / 81
301 / 95301 / 95301 / 95301 / 95301 / 95301 / 95
al Resourcesal Resourcesal Resourcesal Resourcesal Resourcesal Resourcesal Resourcesal Resourcesbstances Disease bstances Disease H LiH Li
bstances Disease bstances Disease H LiH LiHour Line Hour Line
nswer)nswer)Hour Line Hour Line
nswer)nswer)
E) Emergency E) Emergency
E) Emergency E) Emergency 66--81008100
Commission (NRC)Commission (NRC)
66--81008100
Commission (NRC)Commission (NRC)Commission (NRC) Commission (NRC) 66--5100 5100 11--05500550
Commission (NRC) Commission (NRC) 66--5100 5100 11--0550055011 0550055011 05500550
Internal ContInternal ContRamificationsRamificationsInternal ContInternal ContRamificationsRamificationsRamificationsRamificationsRamificationsRamifications
Isolation During TherapyIsolation During TherapyIsolation During TherapyIsolation During TherapyIsolation During TherapyIsolation During Therapy
FollowFollow--up for Possibly Lup for Possibly L
Isolation During TherapyIsolation During Therapy
FollowFollow--up for Possibly Lup for Possibly L
Counseling for CarcinogCounseling for CarcinogExposureExposureCounseling for CarcinogCounseling for CarcinogExposureExposure
tamination tamination sstamination tamination ssssss
y?y?y?y?y?y?
Long Periods Long Periods
y?y?
Long Periods Long Periods
genic Implications of genic Implications of genic Implications of genic Implications of
Internal ContInternal ContInvolves 4 StaInvolves 4 StaInternal ContInternal ContInvolves 4 StaInvolves 4 StaInvolves 4 StaInvolves 4 StaInvolves 4 StaInvolves 4 Sta
DepositionDeposition Along RoAlong RoTranslocationTranslocationDepositionDeposition Along RoAlong RoTranslocationTranslocationa s ocat oa s ocat oIncorporation Incorporation (Depos(Depos
a s ocat oa s ocat oIncorporation Incorporation (Depos(DeposClearanceClearanceClearanceClearance
tamination tamination --agesagestamination tamination --
agesagesagesagesagesages
oute of Entryoute of Entryoute of Entryoute of Entry
sition in the Target Organ) sition in the Target Organ) sition in the Target Organ) sition in the Target Organ)
Preventing InPreventing InPreventing InPreventing InPreventing InPreventing InPreventing InPreventing In
I t ti B fI t ti B fI t ti B fI t ti B fInterception BeforeInterception BeforeReaches Target OrgReaches Target OrgInterception BeforeInterception BeforeReaches Target OrgReaches Target OrgDecrease Body UptDecrease Body Upt
Vomit / LavageVomit / LavageDecrease Body UptDecrease Body Upt
Vomit / LavageVomit / LavageCharcoal / CatharsisCharcoal / CatharsisOther MethodsOther MethodsCharcoal / CatharsisCharcoal / CatharsisOther MethodsOther Methods
ncorporationncorporationncorporationncorporationncorporationncorporationncorporationncorporation
R di lidR di lidR di lidR di lide Radionuclide e Radionuclide gansgans
e Radionuclide e Radionuclide gansganstaketaketaketake
ssss
ConsiderationConsiderationfor Internal Cfor Internal CConsiderationConsiderationfor Internal Cfor Internal Cfor Internal Cfor Internal Cfor Internal Cfor Internal C
Chemical Toxicity Chemical Toxicity Solubility (D,W,Y)Solubility (D,W,Y)Chemical Toxicity Chemical Toxicity Solubility (D,W,Y)Solubility (D,W,Y)y ( , , )y ( , , )Particle SizeParticle SizeQuantityQuantity
y ( , , )y ( , , )Particle SizeParticle SizeQuantityQuantityQuantityQuantityHalfHalf--life of Radionlife of RadionQuantityQuantityHalfHalf--life of Radionlife of Radion
PhysicalPhysical BB
EffectiveEffective
PhysicalPhysical BB
EffectiveEffectiveEffectiveEffectiveEffectiveEffective
ns in Treatment ns in Treatment ContaminationContaminationns in Treatment ns in Treatment ContaminationContaminationContaminationContaminationContaminationContamination
of Substanceof Substanceof Substanceof Substance
uclide:uclide:uclide:uclide:BiologicalBiologicalBiologicalBiological
Respiratory TRespiratory TClearance TimClearance TimRespiratory TRespiratory TClearance TimClearance TimClearance TimClearance TimClearance TimClearance Tim
SegmentSegmentSegmentSegmentSegmentSegmentAnterior nareAnterior nareNasopharynxNasopharynx
SegmentSegmentAnterior nareAnterior nareNasopharynxNasopharynxNasopharynxNasopharynxTracheaTracheaB hiB hi
NasopharynxNasopharynxTracheaTracheaB hiB hiBronchiBronchiBronchiolesBronchiolesT i l B hi lT i l B hi l
BronchiBronchiBronchiolesBronchiolesT i l B hi lT i l B hi lTerminal BronchioleTerminal BronchioleAlveoliAlveoliTerminal BronchioleTerminal BronchioleAlveoliAlveoli
11ICRP #30 Model (1979)ICRP #30 Model (1979)
ract ract meme
ract ract memememememe
Time (hours)Time (hours)Time (hours)Time (hours)1
Time (hours)Time (hours)1.01.00 1 (10 mm/min)0 1 (10 mm/min)
Time (hours)Time (hours)1.01.00 1 (10 mm/min)0 1 (10 mm/min)0.1 (10 mm/min)0.1 (10 mm/min)0.10.11 01 0
0.1 (10 mm/min)0.1 (10 mm/min)0.10.11 01 01.01.04.04.010 010 0
1.01.04.04.010 010 0eses 10.010.0100+ days100+ days
eses 10.010.0100+ days100+ days
Particle Size aParticle Size aFractionFractionParticle Size aParticle Size aFractionFractionFractionFractionFractionFraction
and Deposition and Deposition and Deposition and Deposition
NasopharynxNasopharynxTimeTimeNasopharynxNasopharynxTimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTime
AnatomyAnatomy CleaClea
Anterior nareAnterior nareNasopharynxNasopharynx
11ICRP #30 Model (1979)ICRP #30 Model (1979)
x Clearance x Clearance x Clearance x Clearance
1
arance Time (min) arance Time (min)
606010 (10 mm/min) 10 (10 mm/min)
GastrointestiGastrointestiResidence TimeResidence TimeGastrointestiGastrointestiResidence TimeResidence TimeResidence TimeResidence TimeResidence TimeResidence Time
PortionPortion ResideReside
StomachStomachSmall IntestineSmall IntestineUpper ColonUpper ColonppppLower Colon Lower Colon
11ICRP #30 Model (1979)ICRP #30 Model (1979)(Assumes Stable Substances)(Assumes Stable Substances)
nal Tract nal Tract esesnal Tract nal Tract
eseseseseses1
ence Time (hours)ence Time (hours)
6 / 246 / 2414 / 2414 / 2418 / 2418 / 2424 / 2424 / 24
SchematiSchematiRadionucRadionuc
(After(After
SchematiSchematiRadionucRadionuc
(After(After(After(After(After(AfterIngestionIngestionIngestionIngestionIntake:Intake:Intake:Intake:
GIGIGIGI
Lung ClearanceLung Clearance
LymphLymphN dN dLymphLymphN dN d
GIGITractTract
GIGITractTract
NodesNodesNodesNodesUptake:Uptake:Uptake:Uptake:
FecesFecesFecesFecesExcretion:Excretion:Excretion:Excretion:
c Model of c Model of lide Uptakelide Uptake
r Voelz)r Voelz)
c Model of c Model of lide Uptakelide Uptake
r Voelz)r Voelz)r Voelz)r Voelz)r Voelz)r Voelz)InhalationInhalationInhalationInhalation SurfaceSurfaceSurfaceSurface
LungLungLungLung SkinSkin1. Intact1. IntactSkinSkin1. Intact1. Intact1. Intact1. Intact2. Wounds2. Wounds1. Intact1. Intact2. Wounds2. Wounds
BloodBloodBloodBlood (Recycle)(Recycle)(Recycle)(Recycle)
KidneyKidneyKidneyKidney Deposition SitesDeposition SitesDeposition SitesDeposition Sites1 Whole Body1 Whole Body1 Whole Body1 Whole Body
UrineUrineUrineUrine1. Whole Body1. Whole Body
2. Bone2. Bone3. Liver3. Liver
4. Thyroid4. Thyroid
1. Whole Body1. Whole Body2. Bone2. Bone3. Liver3. Liver
4. Thyroid4. Thyroid
Treatment ofTreatment of
TIMETIME Withi 3 hWithi 3 hTIMETIME Withi 3 hWithi 3 h
Treatment of Treatment of
TIME:TIME: Within 3 hWithin 3 h
BENEFIT:BENEFIT: 2 to 10 Re2 to 10 Re
TIME:TIME: Within 3 hWithin 3 h
BENEFIT:BENEFIT: 2 to 10 Re2 to 10 ReBENEFIT: BENEFIT: 2 to 10 Re2 to 10 ReRISKS: RISKS: Minimal, Minimal,
Some DruSome Dru
BENEFIT: BENEFIT: 2 to 10 Re2 to 10 ReRISKS: RISKS: Minimal, Minimal,
Some DruSome DruSome DruSome DruDECISION:DECISION: Go to PotGo to Pot
Not DoseNot Dose
Some DruSome DruDECISION:DECISION: Go to PotGo to Pot
Not DoseNot DoseNot DoseNot DoseNot DoseNot Dose
Internal EmitteInternal Emitte
h if P iblh if P iblh if P iblh if P ibl
Internal EmitteInternal Emitte
hrs, if Possiblehrs, if Possible
eduction of Organ Doseeduction of Organ Dose
hrs, if Possiblehrs, if Possible
eduction of Organ Doseeduction of Organ Doseeduction of Organ Doseeduction of Organ Doseexcept for Lung Lavage /except for Lung Lavage /ugsugs
eduction of Organ Doseeduction of Organ Doseexcept for Lung Lavage /except for Lung Lavage /ugsugsugsugstential Exposure History, tential Exposure History,
ee
ugsugstential Exposure History, tential Exposure History,
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Physiologic PPhysiologic Pin Radionucliin Radionucli
GI T t R l / EGI T t R l / EGI T t R l / EGI T t R l / E
in Radionucliin RadionucliDecorporatioDecorporatio
GI Tract Removal / EnGI Tract Removal / EnDilution of IsotopeDilution of IsotopeGI Tract Removal / EnGI Tract Removal / EnDilution of IsotopeDilution of IsotopeDisplacementDisplacementBlockingBlockingDisplacementDisplacementBlockingBlockingBlockingBlockingAlkalinizationAlkalinizationChelationChelation
BlockingBlockingAlkalinizationAlkalinizationChelationChelationChelationChelationChelationChelation
rinciples Used rinciples Used ideide
h d Eli i tih d Eli i tih d Eli i tih d Eli i ti
ide ide ononnhanced Eliminationnhanced Eliminationnhanced Eliminationnhanced Elimination
Reduction of AReduction of Afrom Gastroinfrom GastroinTractTract
Reduction of AReduction of Afrom Gastroinfrom GastroinTractTractTractTractTractTract
A t idA t idA t idA t idAntacidAntacid
Precipitation into SoPrecipitation into So
AntacidAntacid
Precipitation into SoPrecipitation into SoPrecipitation into SoPrecipitation into So
CatharsisCatharsis
Precipitation into SoPrecipitation into So
CatharsisCatharsis
Absorption Absorption ntestinal ntestinal Absorption Absorption ntestinal ntestinal
luble Saltluble Saltluble Saltluble Saltluble Saltluble Saltluble Saltluble Salt
Iodine / TechnIodine / TechnIodine / TechnIodine / TechnIodine / TechnIodine / TechnIodine / TechnIodine / Techn131131II -- Eff Half Life = 7.6Eff Half Life = 7.6131131II -- Eff Half Life = 7.6Eff Half Life = 7.699m99mTcTc -- Eff Half Life = Eff Half Life = Treat within 4 HoursTreat within 4 Hours
99m99mTcTc -- Eff Half Life = Eff Half Life = Treat within 4 HoursTreat within 4 HoursTreat within 4 Hours Treat within 4 Hours ( Best 1 Hour Before E( Best 1 Hour Before EKI or NaI 300 mg tableKI or NaI 300 mg table
Treat within 4 Hours Treat within 4 Hours ( Best 1 Hour Before E( Best 1 Hour Before EKI or NaI 300 mg tableKI or NaI 300 mg tableKI or NaI 300 mg tableKI or NaI 300 mg tableSSKI (1 g / ml) SSKI (1 g / ml) -- 5 5 -- 6 d6 dKI or NaI 300 mg tableKI or NaI 300 mg tableSSKI (1 g / ml) SSKI (1 g / ml) -- 5 5 -- 6 d6 dPovidone Iodine TheoPovidone Iodine TheoPovidone Iodine TheoPovidone Iodine Theo
NCRP Report No 65, p 83-86, 104NCRP Report No 65, p 83-86, 104
netiumnetium -- BlockBlocknetiumnetium -- BlockBlocknetium netium BlockBlocknetium netium BlockBlock
6 days 6 days 6 days 6 days yy1 day*1 day*
yy1 day*1 day* Exposure! )Exposure! )etet
Exposure! )Exposure! )etetetetdrops in waterdrops in wateretetdrops in waterdrops in wateroretically Usefuloretically Usefuloretically Usefuloretically Useful
TritiumTritium -- DilutDilutTritiumTritium -- DilutDilutTritium Tritium DilutDilutTritium Tritium DilutDilut
Beta Emitter Beta Emitter 2% Binds to Cellular C2% Binds to Cellular CBeta Emitter Beta Emitter 2% Binds to Cellular C2% Binds to Cellular CEssentially Occupies Essentially Occupies Force Fluids 3Force Fluids 3 4 L / d4 L / dEssentially Occupies Essentially Occupies Force Fluids 3Force Fluids 3 4 L / d4 L / dForce Fluids 3 Force Fluids 3 -- 4 L / d4 L / d
Reduces HalfReduces Half--Time by Time by Force Fluids 3 Force Fluids 3 -- 4 L / d4 L / d
Reduces HalfReduces Half--Time by Time by
NCRP Report No 65, p 105NCRP Report No 65, p 105--106106NCRP Report No 65, p 105NCRP Report No 65, p 105--106106
tetetetetetetete
ComponentsComponentsComponentsComponentsppTBW SpaceTBW Space
dayday
ppTBW SpaceTBW Space
daydaydayday1/3 1/3 -- 1/2 1/2
dayday1/3 1/3 -- 1/2 1/2
Beer TherapyBeer TherapyBeer TherapyBeer TherapyBeer Therapy Beer Therapy Beer Therapy Beer Therapy for Tritiumfor Tritiumfor Tritiumfor Tritiumfor Tritiumfor Tritiumfor Tritiumfor Tritium
Chelation AgeChelation AgeChelation AgeChelation AgeChelation AgeChelation AgeChelation AgeChelation Age
DTPADTPA -- Transuranics (noTransuranics (noDTPADTPA -- Transuranics (noTransuranics (noDTPA DTPA -- Transuranics (noTransuranics (no
EDTA EDTA -- Lead (and othersLead (and others
DTPA DTPA -- Transuranics (noTransuranics (no
EDTA EDTA -- Lead (and othersLead (and others
BAL BAL -- Lead, Polonium, GLead, Polonium, G
DFOADFOA -- Iron ManganeseIron Manganese
BAL BAL -- Lead, Polonium, GLead, Polonium, G
DFOADFOA -- Iron ManganeseIron ManganeseDFOA DFOA Iron, ManganeseIron, Manganese
PCA PCA -- Copper, Lead, MeCopper, Lead, Me
DFOA DFOA Iron, ManganeseIron, Manganese
PCA PCA -- Copper, Lead, MeCopper, Lead, Me
DMPS DMPS -- Mercury (not in Mercury (not in
DMSADMSA -- Lead (and OtherLead (and Other
DMPS DMPS -- Mercury (not in Mercury (not in
DMSADMSA -- Lead (and OtherLead (and OtherDMSA DMSA Lead (and OtherLead (and OtherDMSA DMSA Lead (and OtherLead (and Other
entsentsentsentsentsentsentsents
ot Uranium)ot Uranium)ot Uranium)ot Uranium)ot Uranium)ot Uranium)
s)s)
ot Uranium)ot Uranium)
s)s)
Gold, IndiumGold, Indium
ee
Gold, IndiumGold, Indium
eeee
rcury , Zinc, Cobalt, Goldrcury , Zinc, Cobalt, Gold
ee
rcury , Zinc, Cobalt, Goldrcury , Zinc, Cobalt, Gold
US)US)
rs)rs)
US)US)
rs)rs)rs)rs)rs)rs)
Comparison oComparison oDTPADTPAComparison oComparison oDTPADTPADTPADTPADTPADTPA
HOOCHOOC HH CCNN--CHCH22--
HOOCHOOC--HH22CC
HOOCHOOC HH CCEDTA EDTA -- EthylenediamEthylenediam
HOOCHOOC--HH22CC
HOOCHOOC--HH22CCNN--CHCH22--CHCH22--NN
HOOCHOOC--HH22CCCCCC
DTPA DTPA -- DiethylenetriamDiethylenetriamCC
of EDTA and of EDTA and of EDTA and of EDTA and
CHCH COOHCOOH--CHCH22--NN
CHCH COOHCOOH
CHCH22--COOHCOOH
minetetraacetic Acidminetetraacetic Acid
CHCH22--COOHCOOH
CHCH22--COOHCOOHNN--CHCH22--CHCH22--NN
CHCH22--COOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCHCH22
minepentaacetic Acidminepentaacetic AcidCOOHCOOH
DTPA Administered DTPA Administered Within One HourWithin One HourDTPA Administered DTPA Administered Within One HourWithin One HourWithin One HourWithin One HourWithin One HourWithin One Hour
OrganOrgan CCOrganOrgan CC
LiverLiverSk l tSk l tLiverLiverSk l tSk l tSkeletonSkeletonSkeletonSkeleton
for for SolubleSoluble 239239Pu Pu for for SolubleSoluble 239239Pu Pu
Retention Retention Retention Retention ControlControl DTPA TreatedDTPA TreatedControlControl DTPA TreatedDTPA Treated
14%14% 0.47%0.47%57 0%57 0% 5 9%5 9%14%14% 0.47%0.47%57 0%57 0% 5 9%5 9%57.0%57.0% 5.9%5.9%57.0%57.0% 5.9%5.9%
Insoluble PrussianInsoluble PrussianEffective for CsEffective for Cs--1313Insoluble PrussianInsoluble PrussianEffective for CsEffective for Cs--1313Effective for CsEffective for Cs--1313Effective for CsEffective for Cs--1313
Binds Ions in the GutBinds Ions in the Gut
Biological HalfBiological Half--Life ReLife Re
Binds Ions in the GutBinds Ions in the Gut
Biological HalfBiological Half--Life ReLife ReBiological HalfBiological Half--Life ReLife Re
Not Systemically AbsNot Systemically Abs
Biological HalfBiological Half--Life ReLife Re
Not Systemically AbsNot Systemically Abs
Side Effects Side Effects -- ConstipConstipGI Upset at Higher DoGI Upset at Higher DoSide Effects Side Effects -- ConstipConstipGI Upset at Higher DoGI Upset at Higher DoGI Upset at Higher DoGI Upset at Higher DoGI Upset at Higher DoGI Upset at Higher Do
n Blue n Blue 3737n Blue n Blue 373737373737
educed to 1/3educed to 1/3educed to 1/3educed to 1/3educed to 1/3educed to 1/3
orbedorbed
educed to 1/3educed to 1/3
orbedorbed
pation, pation, oses (20 g / day)oses (20 g / day)pation, pation, oses (20 g / day)oses (20 g / day)oses (20 g / day) oses (20 g / day) oses (20 g / day) oses (20 g / day)
Lung LavageLung LavageLung LavageLung LavageLung LavageLung LavageLung LavageLung Lavage
Does Not Need to be DonDoes Not Need to be DonDoes Not Need to be DonDoes Not Need to be DonDoes Not Need to be DonDoes Not Need to be Don( 3( 3--5 days after Exposure5 days after ExposureLavage Technique for PuLavage Technique for Pu
Does Not Need to be DonDoes Not Need to be Don( 3( 3--5 days after Exposure5 days after ExposureLavage Technique for PuLavage Technique for PuLavage Technique for PuLavage Technique for PuProteinosisProteinosis
F l d itiF l d iti
Lavage Technique for PuLavage Technique for PuProteinosisProteinosis
F l d itiF l d itiFor larger depositionsFor larger depositionsCommon BronchoscopicCommon Bronchoscopic(h t b l t d f(h t b l t d f
For larger depositionsFor larger depositionsCommon BronchoscopicCommon Bronchoscopic(h t b l t d f(h t b l t d f(has not been evaluated f(has not been evaluated f(has not been evaluated f(has not been evaluated f
11Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol 41, No 1, 1992, pp. 32Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol 41, No 1, 1992, pp. 3222Safety Series No. 47,Safety Series No. 47, Vienna: IAEA, 1978, p 23.Vienna: IAEA, 1978, p 23.
ne Emergentlyne Emergently11ne Emergentlyne Emergently11ne Emergentlyne Emergently11
e )e )ulmonary Alveolarulmonary Alveolar
ne Emergentlyne Emergently11
e )e )ulmonary Alveolarulmonary Alveolarulmonary Alveolar ulmonary Alveolar
505022 10010011 ALIALI
ulmonary Alveolar ulmonary Alveolar
505022 10010011 ALIALIs 50s 5022 --10010011 ALIsALIsc Lavage c Lavage f ff ti )f ff ti )
s 50s 5022 --10010011 ALIsALIsc Lavage c Lavage f ff ti )f ff ti )for effectiveness)for effectiveness)for effectiveness)for effectiveness)
22--33.33.
Uranium CompounUranium CompounClassesClassesUranium CompounUranium CompounClassesClassesClassesClassesClassesClasses
CompoundCompoundUFUF66 (Uranium Hexafluo(Uranium HexafluoCompoundCompoundUFUF66 (Uranium Hexafluo(Uranium HexafluoUFUF66 (Uranium Hexafluo(Uranium HexafluoUOUO22(NO(NO33))22 (Uranyl Nitra(Uranyl NitraUOUO33 (Uranium Trioxide)(Uranium Trioxide)
UFUF66 (Uranium Hexafluo(Uranium HexafluoUOUO22(NO(NO33))22 (Uranyl Nitra(Uranyl NitraUOUO33 (Uranium Trioxide)(Uranium Trioxide)33
UOUO22ClCl22 (Uranyl Chlorid(Uranyl ChloridUOUO44 (Uranium Peroxide(Uranium Peroxide
33
UOUO22ClCl22 (Uranyl Chlorid(Uranyl ChloridUOUO44 (Uranium Peroxide(Uranium PeroxideUOUO22 (Uranium Dioxide)(Uranium Dioxide)UCUC22 (Uranium Dicarbid(Uranium DicarbidUOUO (Hi h(Hi h Fi d U iFi d U i
UOUO22 (Uranium Dioxide)(Uranium Dioxide)UCUC22 (Uranium Dicarbid(Uranium DicarbidUOUO (Hi h(Hi h Fi d U iFi d U iUOUO22 (High(High--Fired UraniuFired UraniuUOUO22 (High(High--Fired UraniuFired Uraniu
11Adapted From Adapted From Biokinetics and Analysis of UraBiokinetics and Analysis of Urafor the US Dept of Energy, 1984for the US Dept of Energy, 1984
nds and Solubility nds and Solubility nds and Solubility nds and Solubility
SolubilitySolubilitySolubilitySolubility1
SolubilitySolubilityClassClass
oride)oride) DD
SolubilitySolubilityClassClass
oride)oride) DDoride)oride) DDate)ate) DD)) DD
oride)oride) DDate)ate) DD)) DDe)e) DDe)e) WWe)e) DDe)e) WW
W,YW,Ye)e) YY
Di id )Di id ) YY
W,YW,Ye)e) YY
Di id )Di id ) YYum Dioxide)um Dioxide) YYum Dioxide)um Dioxide) YYanium in Mananium in Man, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation
Uranium in BiologiUranium in BiologiUranium in BiologiUranium in BiologiUranium in BiologiUranium in BiologiUranium in BiologiUranium in Biologi
pH 6 5pH 6 5 8 Principal / M8 Principal / MpH 6 5pH 6 5 8 Principal / M8 Principal / MpH 6.5 pH 6.5 -- 8 Principal / M8 Principal / MForm of Serum U is BForm of Serum U is BUOUO22(CO(CO33))2+2+
pH 6.5 pH 6.5 -- 8 Principal / M8 Principal / MForm of Serum U is BForm of Serum U is BUOUO22(CO(CO33))2+2+UOUO22(CO(CO33))
Uranyl Citrate CompleUranyl Citrate Comple
UOUO22(CO(CO33))Uranyl Citrate CompleUranyl Citrate CompleWeak Complex of UOWeak Complex of UO22Protein, Transferrin alProtein, Transferrin alWeak Complex of UOWeak Complex of UO22Protein, Transferrin alProtein, Transferrin al
Adapted From Adapted From Biokinetics and Analysis of Uranium inBiokinetics and Analysis of Uranium infor the US Dept of Energy, 1984for the US Dept of Energy, 1984Adapted From Adapted From Biokinetics and Analysis of Uranium inBiokinetics and Analysis of Uranium infor the US Dept of Energy, 1984for the US Dept of Energy, 1984
cal Fluidscal Fluidscal Fluidscal Fluidscal Fluidscal Fluidscal Fluidscal Fluids
Most Easily TransportedMost Easily TransportedMost Easily TransportedMost Easily TransportedMost Easily Transported Most Easily Transported Biscarbonato Complex, Biscarbonato Complex, Most Easily Transported Most Easily Transported Biscarbonato Complex, Biscarbonato Complex,
ex also formedex also formedex also formedex also formed22
2+2+ and Ironand Iron--Transport Transport lso Forms in Plasmalso Forms in Plasma22
2+2+ and Ironand Iron--Transport Transport lso Forms in Plasmalso Forms in Plasma
n Mann Man, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation, Hanford Environmental Health Foundationn Mann Man, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation
Uranium DepositioUranium DepositioUranium DepositioUranium DepositioUranium DepositioUranium DepositioUranium DepositioUranium Depositio
Some of Bound UOSome of Bound UO222+ 2+ is Ris R
Renal Retention EnhanceRenal Retention EnhanceSome of Bound UOSome of Bound UO22
2+ 2+ is Ris RRenal Retention EnhanceRenal Retention Enhance
Large Amounts of U Large Amounts of U Acidic UrineAcidic UrineLarge Amounts of U Large Amounts of U Acidic UrineAcidic Urinec d c U ec d c U e
U Kidney Release HalfU Kidney Release Half--timtimEnhanced by Alkaline UriEnhanced by Alkaline Uri
c d c U ec d c U eU Kidney Release HalfU Kidney Release Half--timtimEnhanced by Alkaline UriEnhanced by Alkaline Uriyyyy
Adapted From Adapted From Biokinetics and Analysis of Uranium in MBiokinetics and Analysis of Uranium in Mfor the US Dept of Energy, 1984for the US Dept of Energy, 1984Adapted From Adapted From Biokinetics and Analysis of Uranium in MBiokinetics and Analysis of Uranium in Mfor the US Dept of Energy, 1984for the US Dept of Energy, 1984
on in Kidneyon in Kidneyon in Kidneyon in Kidneyon in Kidneyon in Kidneyon in Kidneyon in Kidney
Retained in Kidney Retained in Kidney ed by:ed by:Retained in Kidney Retained in Kidney ed by:ed by:
me is 15 d me is 15 d nene
me is 15 d me is 15 d nene
ManMan, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation, Hanford Environmental Health FoundationManMan, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation
UraniumUranium -- AlkalinizAlkalinizUraniumUranium -- AlkalinizAlkalinizUranium Uranium -- AlkalinizAlkalinizUranium Uranium -- AlkalinizAlkaliniz235235UU -- GammaGamma235235UU -- GammaGammaUU GammaGammaEff Half Time DependsEff Half Time DependsAt N l E i hAt N l E i h
UU GammaGammaEff Half Time DependsEff Half Time DependsAt N l E i hAt N l E i hAt Normal EnrichmenAt Normal EnrichmenRenal ToxicityRenal ToxicityM i t i U i H 7 5M i t i U i H 7 5
At Normal EnrichmenAt Normal EnrichmenRenal ToxicityRenal ToxicityM i t i U i H 7 5M i t i U i H 7 5Maintain Urine pH 7.5Maintain Urine pH 7.5Use Bicarbonate tableUse Bicarbonate tableMaintain Urine pH 7.5Maintain Urine pH 7.5Use Bicarbonate tableUse Bicarbonate table(Do not use Alka Seltz(Do not use Alka SeltzUse Supplemental KCUse Supplemental KC(Do not use Alka Seltz(Do not use Alka SeltzUse Supplemental KCUse Supplemental KCppppalkaline diuresisalkaline diuresis
ppppalkaline diuresisalkaline diuresis
ze Urineze Urineze Urineze Urineze Urineze Urineze Urineze Urine
s on Solubilitys on Solubilityt L l P it L l P is on Solubilitys on Solubilityt L l P it L l P int Levels, Primary nt Levels, Primary
t 8t 8
nt Levels, Primary nt Levels, Primary
t 8t 8 to 8 to 8ets ets to 8 to 8ets ets zer from old texts!)zer from old texts!)
Cl tablets to maintain Cl tablets to maintain zer from old texts!)zer from old texts!)
Cl tablets to maintain Cl tablets to maintain
Uranium SolubilityUranium SolubilityUranium SolubilityUranium SolubilityUranium SolubilityUranium SolubilityUranium SolubilityUranium Solubilityy and Urine pHy and Urine pHy and Urine pHy and Urine pHy and Urine pHy and Urine pHy and Urine pHy and Urine pHAlkalinzation recently Alkalinzation recently called Questionablecalled QuestionableAlkalinzation recently Alkalinzation recently called Questionablecalled Questionablecalled Questionablecalled Questionablecalled Questionablecalled Questionable
ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesNCRP 65 –Safety Series #47NCRP 65 –Safety Series #47Safety Series #47 –Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 1992Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2000
Safety Series #47 –Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 1992Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2000
2020
“I'm so happy doin“I'm so happy doin“I'm so happy doin“I'm so happy doinppyppydance”dance”
ppyppydance”dance”
Pointer SisPointer SisPointer SisPointer Sis
n' the neutron n' the neutron n' the neutron n' the neutron
sters, 1990sters, 1990sters, 1990sters, 1990
Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!