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Sep 18, 2011
Mobile and Wireless Information System
1. Introductory Aspects of Mobile Computing and Applications
2. The Wireless Revolution
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2. The Wireless Revolution3. Integrating Wireless Technology in Business4. Wireless Technology: An Entrepreneurial
View
INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE COMPUTING
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Introduction to Mobile Computing“information at any time, any place, and in any form.
Whether in the office, at home or virtually any place on earth.”
“mobile computing is the use of computers in a non-“mobile computing is the use of computers in a non-static environment.”
“mobile computing is associated with mobility of hardware, data and software in computer applications.”
“The combination of mobile computers and wireless “The combination of mobile computers and wireless communications is promoting the evolution of information technologies to enable an environment that is often called nomadic/ubiquitous computing.”
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Ubiquity
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Anytime Anyplace Anyhow
Mobile Computing – an evolutionPrimitive
Simple
Limited Capacity
Cumbersome
Unattractive
Sophisticated
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Sophisticated
Powerful
Complex
Refined
Elegant
Explain the mobile computing evolution and compare between them in the past and these days
Mobile Devices
Pagers
Mobile Telephone
Notebook/Laptop
PDA
Palmtop/Handheld
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Palmtop/Handheld
Hybrids (Technology Convergence)
Sensors/Embedded Controllers
Wearable Technology
Mobile Computing – an evolution
Advances in technology• more computing power in smaller devices (mobile • more computing power in smaller devices (mobile
chips)
• flat, lightweight displays with low power consumption
• new user interfaces (due to smaller dimensions)
• more bandwidth per cubic meter
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• more bandwidth per cubic meter
• multiple wireless interfaces: wireless LANs, wireless WANs, IRDA, Bluetooth etc.
• battery/power improvements
Explain the main developments that have been done to mobile device to increase their ability
Mobile Computing – an evolution
Context/Location Sensitive Technologycomputers are aware of their environment and adapt computers are aware of their environment and adapt
(“location awareness”)
Technology Convergencesmall, “cheap”, portable, combined, replaceable - no
more separate devices
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Mobile Computing – a revolution
• Mobile Computing and Technology radicallychanges how we do thingschanges how we do things• The personal perspective (our private life)• The organisational perspective (our working life)
• Mobile Computing and Technology is becoming an integrated and expected part of our existence• Would you give up the freedom of owning a
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• Would you give up the freedom of owning a mobile phone?
• A luxury or a necessity?
Perceptions and and
Reality
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Mobile Technology - Perceptions
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Mobile Technology - Reality
Wireless Voice/Data CommunicationsWireless Voice/Data Communications
Global Positioning Systems
Remote Imaging
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Access to Information Systems
What are the main usage of mobile devices in reality ?
Mobile Computing Technologies
Systems Integration Interface
Considerations
Data Repositories/
Database Systems
Communications, Connectivity and Network Infrastructure
Usability Issues
Persistent Storage Media
Applications/Programming
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Database Systems
Mobile Technology - Applications
• Location Based Systems• User Requests - Pull
• Show me...• Show me...
• Where am I and what’s near me?
• Where is the nearest…?
• Where are my friends/resources?
• Broadcasting - Push
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• Did you know that…?
• intelligent travel guide with up-to-datelocation dependent information
Location Based system is one of the applications of mobile, mention the 2 categories of how it is used
Mobile Technology Applications
• Vehicle tracking
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Mobile Technology Applications
Navigation assistance
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Mobile Technology Applications
Personnel/Asset tracking
Personal security servicesPersonal security services
18Mobiles can be used in location based systems, state some examples about how to use them in such applications
Mobile Technology Applications
Entertainmentoutdoor Internet access outdoor Internet access
ad-hoc networks for multi user games
MMS
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Mobile Technology Applications
Emergenciesearly transmission of patient data to the hospital, early transmission of patient data to the hospital,
current status, first diagnosis
replacement of a fixed infrastructures in case of earthquakes, hurricanes, fire etc.
crisis, war, ...
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Mobile Technology Applications
Health Care
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Mobile Technology Applications
Mobile Office
Direct access to customer files stored in a central Direct access to customer files stored in a central locationconsistent databases for all agents/clients
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Mobile Technology Applications
EducationEnhancing the educational value for students in termsEnhancing the educational value for students in terms
of provision, availability and access to campusinformation through the use of mobile and wirelesscomputing.
Adopting mobile and wireless technology aseducational technology for the delivery of learningsupport material.
Welcome to
The
Wireless
Campus
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Reminder:
Coursework
deadline on Fri.Message sponsored by
Campus Bookshop
Mobile Technology Applications
Field/Knowledge Workers
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Mobile Technology ApplicationsMobile Commerce
The ability to purchase goods or services virtuallyanywhere through a wireless Internet-enableddevice.device.
An e-commerce shopping model in which the mobilephone / PDA replaces the PC.
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Mobile Technology Applications
Your Applications?Your Applications?
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Conclusion
• Mobile computing technology is becoming more pervasive each daypervasive each day
• Mobile computing applications are capable of delivering real business goals and objectives
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Review Questions
• Explain the mobile computing evolution and compare between them in the past and these days
• Explain the main developments that have been done to mobile device to increase their ability
• What are the main usages of mobile devices in reality?
• Location Based system is one of the applications of mobile, mention the 2 categories of how it is used
• Mobiles can be used in location based systems, state some examples about how to use them in such
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some examples about how to use them in such applications
• state some mobile applications.
THE WIRELESS REVOLUTIONTHE WIRELESS REVOLUTIONTHE WIRELESS REVOLUTIONTHE WIRELESS REVOLUTION
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Objectives
• Identify the principal wireless transmission media and devices, cellular network standards and generations, and standards for mobile Web accessand standards for mobile Web access
• Describe the major standards for wireless networks and for wireless Internet access
• Evaluate the role of m-commerce in business and describe the most important m-commerce applications
• Assess the business value of wireless technology and • Assess the business value of wireless technology and describe important wireless applications in business
• Identify and describe the challenges posed by wireless technology and management solutions
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Boston Public Library Case
Challenge: provide Internet access and services to thousands of patrons in an historic one million thousands of patrons in an historic one million square foot building
Solution: Develop 802.11b (Wi-Fi) network with 70 access points providing Internet access to patrons using wireless laptops and PDAs
Extend wireless network to adjacent park and to library staff to enhance service levelslibrary staff to enhance service levels
Illustrates the importance of wireless networking to service customers at reasonable costs
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THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPEThe Wireless Revolution The Wireless Revolution
• Mobile phones have become mobile platforms for delivering digital data, used for recording and downloading photos, video and music, Internet access, downloading photos, video and music, Internet access, and transmitting payments.
• An array of technologies provides high-speed wireless access to the Internet for PCs and other wireless handheld devices and cell phones.
• Businesses increasingly use wireless to cut costs, increase flexibility, and create new products and services.
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Mobile Versus Fixed-line Subscribers Worldwide
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Figure 9-1Source: International Telecommunications Union, 2002 and 2003, and authors.
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• Wireless communication helps businesses easily stay in touch with customers, suppliers, and employees.
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Business Value of Wireless Networking Business Value of Wireless Networking
in touch with customers, suppliers, and employees.
• Wireless networking increases worker productivity and output, as workers take less time to establish contact with people and to access information.
• Companies can save on wiring offices, moving, and making network changes by using wireless networks.making network changes by using wireless networks.
• Wireless technology has also been the source of new products, services, and sales channels in a variety of industries, e.g. OnStar, Starbucks “hot spots”.
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THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Wireless Transmission Media and Devices Wireless Transmission Media and Devices
• All wireless media rely on various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
• Microwave systems transmit high-frequency radio signals through the atmosphere.
• Communication satellites are used for geographically dispersed organizations.
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Frequency Ranges for Communications Media and Devic es
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Figure 9-2
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Amoco’s Satellite Transmission System
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Figure 9-3 37
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Devices for Wireless Transmission:
• Paging systems • Paging systems
• E-mail handhelds
• Cellular telephones
• Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
• Smart phones
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THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Standards:
Cellular Network Standards and Generations Cellular Network Standards and Generations
• Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
• Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
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THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Cellular Generations:
• 1G: Analog cellular networks for voice communication • 1G: Analog cellular networks for voice communication
• 2G: Digital wireless networks, primarily for voice communication; limited data transmission capability
• 2.5G: Interim step toward 3G in the United States
• 3G: High-speed; mobile; supports video and other • 3G: High-speed; mobile; supports video and other
rich media; always-on transmission for e-mail, Web
browsing, instant messaging
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THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Mobile Wireless Standards for Web Access
• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): Uses Wireless Markup Language (WML) and microbrowsers
• I-mode: Uses compact HTML and allows for continuous connection
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Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) versus I-mode
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Figure 9-4
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WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) established a hierarchy of complementary standards for established a hierarchy of complementary standards for wireless computer networks. wireless computer networks. wireless computer networks. wireless computer networks.
Global Wireless Network Standards:
• IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth) for the Personal Area Network (PAN)
• IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) for the Local Area Network (LAN)• IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) for the Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN)• IEEE 802.20 (proposed) standard for the Wide Area
Network (WAN)
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WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
Bluetooth
• Can link up to 8 devices in 10-m area • Can link up to 8 devices in 10-m area
• Low power requirements
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WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
Wi-Fi
• Three standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g
• Infrastructure mode: Devices use access point to communicate with wired network
• Ad-hoc mode (peer-to-peer): Wireless devices • Ad-hoc mode (peer-to-peer): Wireless devices communicate directly with each other
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A Bluetooth Network (PAN)
WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
Figure 9-546
An 802.11 Wireless LAN
WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
Figure 9-647
M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING
• M-commerce: The use of the Internet for purchasing goods and services and also for transmitting messages using wireless mobile devices messages using wireless mobile devices
• Mobile computing: Enables internet-enabled cell phones, PDAs, and other wireless computing devices to access digital information on the Internet from any location
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M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING
M-Commerce Services and Applications
• Information-based services: Instant messaging, e-mail, searching for a movie or restaurant using a cell phone or searching for a movie or restaurant using a cell phone or handheld PDA
• Transaction-based services: Purchasing stocks, concert tickets, music, or games; searching for the best price for an item using a cell phone and buying it in a physical store or on the Web
• Personalized services: Services that anticipate what a customer • Personalized services: Services that anticipate what a customer wants based on that person’s location or data profile, such as updated airline flight information or beaming coupons for nearby restaurants
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Customer Personalization with the Ubiquitous Intern et
M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING
Figure 9-8
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M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING
Accessing Information from the Wireless Web
• Wireless portals: Content and services optimized for smaller screens of • Wireless portals: Content and services optimized for smaller screens of mobile devices to steer users to the information they are most likely to need
• Voice portals: Accept voice commands for accessing Web content, e-mail, and other electronic applications from a cell phone or standard telephone telephone
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M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING
Digital Payment Systems and M-Commerce
• Micropayment systemo Individual service providers run their own separate o Individual service providers run their own separate
payment systemso Small payments added on to single bill
• Stored payment systemo Cell phone equipped with smart card storing
rechargeable electronic cash
• Mobile Wallets (m-Wallets): Store personal data to use in online transactions
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M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING
M-Commerce Challenges
• Slow data transfer speeds on second-generation cellular • Slow data transfer speeds on second-generation cellular
networks, resulting in higher costs to customer
Limited memory and power supplies
• More Web sites need to be designed specifically for small
wireless devices.
• Keyboards and screens on cell phones are still tiny and • Keyboards and screens on cell phones are still tiny and
awkward to use.
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
Wireless Applications for Customer Relationship Man agementWireless Applications for Customer Relationship Man agement
Wireless CRM enables sales and field service profes sionals
• Access customer account records and information at any time or location
• Update customer accounts and deal information to
update customer database instantaneously
Wireless CRM enables sales and field service profes sionals to:
update customer database instantaneously
Receive alerts to important events
Enter, perform, and update transactions and product
information 54
Pitney Bowes’s Wireless CRM System
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
Figure 9-9
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Wireless Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
• Wireless supply chain management systems: Provide simultaneous accurate information about demand, supply, production, and logistics as goods move among supply chain partners
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems: Provide a powerful technology for tracking the movement of goods throughout the supply chain
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How RFID Works
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
Figure 9-1057
Wireless Applications:
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
Wireless in Health CareWireless in Health Care
Wireless Applications:
• Electronic Medical Record (EMR) retrieval • Wireless note taking for patient charts• Lab test results • Prescription generation • Prescription generation • Medical databases
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Wireless Sensor Networks and Pervasive Computing
• Wireless sensor networks (WSNs): Networks of
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
interconnected wireless devices that are embedded
into the physical environment to provide
measurements of many points over large spaces
• Pervasive computing: Wireless technologies are
pushing computing into every facet of life, including pushing computing into every facet of life, including
cars, homes, office buildings, tools and factories;
providing connections anywhere and anytime.
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A Wireless Sensor Network
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
Figure 9-11
Source: From Jason Hill, Mike Horton, Ralph King, and Lakshman Krishnamurthy, “The Platforms Enabling Wireless Sensor Networks,” Communications of the ACM 47, no. 6 (June 2004). 60
MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS
Management Opportunities: Management Opportunities:
Wireless technology offers: Wireless technology offers:
• Flexible business processes
• Business processes not limited by time or space
• New channel for communicating with client
• Source of new products and services
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MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS
Management Challenges: Management Challenges:
• Integrating wireless technology into the
firm’s IT infrastructure
• Maintaining security and privacy
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MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS
Solution Guidelines: Solution Guidelines:
The following are some of the guidelines for managi ng
• Identifying areas in which wireless can provide value
• Creating a management framework for wireless
The following are some of the guidelines for managi ng mobile technology in the enterprise:
• Creating a management framework for wireless technology
• Using a pilot program before full-scale rollout of wireless systems
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INTEGRATING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS
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Talking points
1. Explain the business benefits of using wireless technologytechnology
2. Describe the wireless trends that benefit consumers and businesses
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BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR A MOBILE WORKFORCE
• Companies worldwide are going wireless to • Companies worldwide are going wireless to increase productivity, speed delivery to market, and reduce operating costs
• Wireless transmissions rely on radio waves, microwaves, and satellites to send data across microwaves, and satellites to send data across high frequency radio ranges that later connect to wired media
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BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR A MOBILE WORKFORCE
• The terms mobile and wireless are often used synonymously, but actually often used synonymously, but actually denote two different technologies
• Mobile means the technology can travel with the user, but it is not necessarily in real-timereal-time
• Wireless gives users a live (Internet) connection via satellite or radio transmitters 67
BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
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BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR A MOBILE WORKFORCE
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BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR A MOBILE WORKFORCE
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MOBILE WORKFORCE TRENDS
• Social networking gets mobilized• Mobile TV• Mobile TV• Multi-function devices become cheaper and
more versatile• Location-based services• Mobile advertising• Wireless providers move into home • Wireless providers move into home
entertainment• Wireless security moves to the forefront• Enterprise mobility
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CASE: Social Networks
1. Are Facebook, MySpace and LinkedIn using disruptive or sustaining technology to run disruptive or sustaining technology to run their businesses?
2. What are some of the business challenges facing social networking sites?
3. What are the characteristics of a social network?
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CASE: Social Networks
4. What security issues do social networking sites create?sites create?
5. What are some current social networking trends?
6. How can social networking sites generate revenue beyond selling banner and text ads?
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGYAN ENTREPRENEURIAL VIEW
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Wireless Explosion
Wireless Markets Are Dynamic
• Growth markets in wireless technology include:• Digital Mobile Telephony• Wireless Ethernet (802.11x)• Wireless Mobile Hand held computers• GPRS• GPRS
• Convergence is happening in wireless first• Integrated voice and data
WHY?75
Why So Much Wireless Activity?
“Wireless technology provides real solutions to real problems that consumers are willing to pay for. End of story!”
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An Entrepreneurial Approach• First of all having a vision is essential.• Secondly technology is good…
• But technology alone is insufficient• But technology alone is insufficient
• Thirdly, think beyond the hype.• What is really needed?• What will actually work? Can it actually be
built?built?• Who is the customer and how much are they
willing to pay?
• Identify what can be leveraged• Time to market, technology barrier, etc. 77
VisionExploring The Possibilities
• Ubiquitous Wireless Service• Quality, integrated wireless services everywhere• Quality, integrated wireless services everywhere
• Fully integrated services and devices• Media integration Voice, Video and Data
• Service integration – email, vmail, document access, etc.
• Integrated devices and integrated device • Integrated devices and integrated device communication
• Security differentiation• Better than “legacy” wired communication mediums.
• New and improved devices and interfaces78
RealityBusiness and Technical Challenges• Infrastructure is inadequate
• Capacity is constrained, bandwidth limited• Capacity is constrained, bandwidth limited• Frequency spectrum is rationed
• Stringent investment community standards• Un-profitable businesses are punished• Un-profitable IPOs are a thing of the past
• Venture capital setting a higher bar• Requiring experience, competitive barrier, and
profitability
• Established vendors/operators are playing it safe• Tending towards small, evolutionary steps
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RealityNetwork Operators Under The Gun
• Subscriber revenues are declining• Willing to pay less each year for commodity services• Willing to pay less each year for commodity services
• Specifically Internet access and mobile phone services
• Operators want new billable services to add
• Appetite for investment in capacity is low• Need to leverage capacity that exists• Need to leverage capacity that exists
• Operators want new, billable services…
• Without having to invest significantly in infrastructure!
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Categorizing Opportunities
• Disruptive• Obsoletes existing technology• Obsoletes existing technology
• Digital Mobile Telephony replaced analog• 802.11x
• Evolutionary• Enhancements to existing technology
• 802.11a – increased bandwidth over 802.11b• Text Messaging added to digital telephony• Text Messaging added to digital telephony
• Integration• Combining technology to create new product offerings
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OpportunitiesEnhancing Existing Services…
• Video/Satellite broadcast• Adding bi-directional data flow and interactivity• Adding bi-directional data flow and interactivity
• Mobile Telephony• Better Service by improving range, density, quality
• Integration with data
• Wireless Packet Networking• Wireless Packet Networking• Reduce power, increase range, integrate security
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OpportunitiesPractical Solutions
• Short haul consumer market• Eliminate wires: Infra-red, Blue Tooth, etc.• Eliminate wires: Infra-red, Blue Tooth, etc.
• Integrated wireless links between devices
• Security Enhancement and integration• Simplification of administration
• Integration of encryption/authentication/policy mgt.
• Client/End user • Client/End user • Power reduction, Miniaturization and cost reduction
• Display enhancement
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OpportunitiesNext Generation
• Broadband Wireless• Broadband Wireless• Convergence of voice, video and data
• Broadcast media integration
• Integration of satellite and terrestrial networks
The Final Realization Of The Wireless Vision!
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Rules For SuccessIncreasing Density and Capacity
• “Capacity problems are best solved by increasing capacity”capacity”
• Spectrum limitations must be solved• Band aid solutions are not sustainable
• Many solutions intrude on neighboring vendors/networks/solutions
• Increasing spectrum is the ONLY long term solution
• Bandwidth constraints• Bandwidth constraints• Best solved with added capacity• QOS only helps when congestion has already occurred• Customers don’t pay more for better class of service
• They simply change vendors until they’re happy
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Rules For SuccessWireless Security
• “Encryption in and of itself, is not security.”• Essential security components need development• Essential security components need development
• Service Permissions• Who gets access to what data and services?
• Authentication• Are you really who you say you are?
• Network protocol and data security• Is someone watching your activities?• Is someone watching your activities?• Can your key be hacked?• Can your network session be spoofed?
• Integrated management and account administration• Administrator must easily add, delete and change accounts
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Rules For SuccessSimplification
• “Do not expose the customer to technical complexity.”• Example: Early Deployments of DSL• Example: Early Deployments of DSL
• Difficult to deploy• Complex to manage• Capacity constrained• Resulted customer dissatisfaction
• 3G – can we avoid another DSL experience?• New, complex services vs better existing service?• New, complex services vs better existing service?• Capacity is still constrained• Japan’s 3G killer app – free text messaging• Vodaphone’s difficulties in deployment in Europe
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Rules For SuccessSizing Development Efforts
• “ Keep tasks bounded and well defined.”• “ Keep tasks bounded and well defined.”
• Clearly defined development effort• Believable schedules
• Sensible staff requirements
• Integration with existing platforms• Well defined interfaces are essential
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• 2.5G-3G will prevail• It’s a logical incremental, evolutionary step• Will people really pay more for 3G services?
• WI FI will evolve into a service• WI FI will evolve into a service• Technology hurdles are surmountable• It’s here, it works and it’s simple• Integrators will seize this opportunity
• At some point broadband wireless will happen• And it will evolve out of 2.5G and Wi Fi
The industry will evolve on a path of least resistance
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Summary
� Having a vision is better than not having one!� Having the correct vision is even better
� Hype generates media attention, not profits� Wireless broadband can and will happen
� Enabled by existing technology and integration
� Simplicity will prevail� Packet based networksPacket based networks� Intuitive, useful services, available on appropriate
devices� Services that are easily managed and billed for
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1. Software Development for Mobile Computing Applications, Staffordshire University , UK
2. Management Information Systems, Chapter 9 The
References
2. Management Information Systems, Chapter 9 The Wireless Revolution , @2006 Prentice Hall
3. Integrating Wireless Technology in Business, Business Driven Technology by Baltzan, Phillips
4. Wireless Technology - An Entrepreneurial View, Michael Hathaway, Venture Partner, Austin Michael Hathaway, Venture Partner, Austin Ventures
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This Concludes Today’s Presentation
Thank you for your attention
This Concludes Today’s Presentation
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